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Kwiecinski J, Wang KL, Tzolos E, Moss A, Daghem M, Adamson PD, Dey D, Molek-Dziadosz P, Dawson D, Arumugam P, Sabharwal N, Greenwood JP, Townend JN, Calvert PA, Rudd JH, Berman D, Verjans JW, Williams MC, Slomka P, Dweck MR, Newby DE. Sex differences in coronary atherosclerotic plaque activity using 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:3934-3943. [PMID: 38926161 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are sex differences in the extent, severity, and outcomes of coronary artery disease. We aimed to assess the influence of sex on coronary atherosclerotic plaque activity measured using coronary 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET), and to determine whether 18F-NaF PET has prognostic value in both women and men. METHODS In a post-hoc analysis of observational cohort studies of patients with coronary atherosclerosis who had undergone 18F-NaF PET CT angiography, we compared the coronary microcalcification activity (CMA) in women and men. RESULTS Baseline 18F-NaF PET CT angiography was available in 999 participants (151 (15%) women) with 4282 patient-years of follow-up. Compared to men, women had lower coronary calcium scores (116 [interquartile range, 27-434] versus 205 [51-571] Agatston units; p = 0.002) and CMA values (0.0 [0.0-1.12] versus 0.53 [0.0-2.54], p = 0.01). Following matching for plaque burden by coronary calcium scores and clinical comorbidities, there was no sex-related difference in CMA values (0.0 [0.0-1.12] versus 0.0 [0.0-1.23], p = 0.21) and similar proportions of women and men had no 18F-NaF uptake (53.0% (n = 80) and 48.3% (n = 73); p = 0.42), or CMA values > 1.56 (21.8% (n = 33) and 21.8% (n = 33); p = 1.00). Over a median follow-up of 4.5 [4.0-6.0] years, myocardial infarction occurred in 6.6% of women (n = 10) and 7.8% of men (n = 66). Coronary microcalcification activity greater than 0 was associated with a similarly increased risk of myocardial infarction in both women (HR: 3.83; 95% CI:1.10-18.49; p = 0.04) and men (HR: 5.29; 95% CI:2.28-12.28; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Although men present with more coronary atherosclerotic plaque than women, increased plaque activity is a strong predictor of future myocardial infarction regardless of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kwiecinski
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, Warsaw, 04-628, Poland.
| | - Kang-Ling Wang
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Tzolos
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Moss
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marwa Daghem
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Philip D Adamson
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Damini Dey
- Departments of Medicine (Artificial Intelligence in Medicine), Imaging, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Dana Dawson
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nikant Sabharwal
- Oxford University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John P Greenwood
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - John N Townend
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick A Calvert
- Royal Papworth Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James Hf Rudd
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Berman
- Departments of Medicine (Artificial Intelligence in Medicine), Imaging, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Johan W Verjans
- Australian Institute for Machine Learning, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michelle C Williams
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Piotr Slomka
- Departments of Medicine (Artificial Intelligence in Medicine), Imaging, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Marc R Dweck
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David E Newby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Hashimoto H, Kuronuma K, Hyun MC, Han D, Builoff V, Cadet S, Dey D, Berman DS, Kwiecinski J, Slomka PJ. Head-to-head comparison of 18F-sodium fluoride coronary PET imaging between a silicon photomultiplier with digital photon counting and conventional scanners. J Nucl Cardiol 2024:102045. [PMID: 39343355 DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclcard.2024.102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared silicone photomultipliers with digital photon counting (SiPM) and photomultiplier tubes (PMT) positron emission tomography (PET) in imaging coronary plaque activity with 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) and evaluated comprehensively SiPM PET reconstruction settings. METHODS In 25 cardiovascular disease patients (mean age 67 ± 12 years), we conducted 18F-NaF PET on a SiPM (Biograph Vision) and conventional PET (Discovery 710) on the same day as part of a prospective clinical trial (NCT03689946). Following administration of 250 MBq of 18F-NaF, patients underwent a contrast-enhanced CT angiography and a 30-min PET acquisition in list-mode on each PET consecutively. Image noise was defined as mean standard deviation of blood pool activity within the left atria. Target-to-background ratio (TBR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were measured within the whole-vessel tubular three-dimensional volumes of interest on the cardiac motion and attenuation-corrected 18F-NaF PET images using dedicated software. RESULTS There were significant differences in image noise and background activity between the two PETs (Image noise (%), PMT: 7.6 ± 3.7 vs SiPM: 4.0 ± 2.3, P < 0.001; background activity, PMT: 1.4 ± 0.4 vs SiPM: 1.0 ± 0.3, P < 0.001). Similarly, the SNR and TBR were significantly higher in vessels scanned with the SiPM PET (SNR, PMT: 16.3 ± 11.5 vs SiPM: 32.7 ± 29.8, P < 0.001; TBR, PMT: 0.8 ± 0.4 vs SiPM: 1.1 ± 0.6, P < 0.001). SiPM PET image reconstruction with a 256 matrix, 1.4 mm pixel, and 2 mm Gaussian filter provided best trade off in terms of maximal SNR, TBR, and clinically practical file size. CONCLUSIONS In 18F-NaF coronary PET imaging, the SiPM PET showed superior image contrast and less image noise compared with PMT PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Hashimoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Keiichiro Kuronuma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Cardiology, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mark C Hyun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Donghee Han
- Department of Medicine, Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Valerie Builoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sebastian Cadet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Damini Dey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jacek Kwiecinski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Division of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr J Slomka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Gao M, Wen W, Li H, Zheng Y, Yun M, Meng J, Wang S, Wang B, Hu B, Mou T, Yu Y, Zhang X, Li X. Coronary sodium [ 18F]fluoride activity predicts outcomes post-CABG: a comparative evaluation with conventional metrics. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:3235-3251. [PMID: 38730084 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The value of preoperative multidisciplinary approach remains inadequately delineated in forecasting postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Herein, we aimed to ascertain the efficacy of multi-modality cardiac imaging in predicting post-CABG cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS Patients with triple coronary artery disease underwent cardiac sodium [18F]fluoride ([18F]NaF) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), coronary angiography, and CT-based coronary artery calcium scoring before CABG. The maximum coronary [18F]NaF activity (target-to-blood ratio [TBR]max) and the global coronary [18F]NaF activity (TBRglobal) was determined. The primary endpoint was perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) within 7-day post-CABG. Secondary endpoint included major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and recurrent angina. RESULTS This prospective observational study examined 101 patients for a median of 40 months (interquartile range: 19-47 months). Both TBRmax (odds ratio [OR] = 1.445; p = 0.011) and TBRglobal (OR = 1.797; P = 0.018) were significant predictors of PMI. TBRmax>3.0 (area under the curve [AUC], 0.65; sensitivity, 75.0%; specificity, 56.8%; p = 0.036) increased PMI risk by 3.661-fold, independent of external confounders. Kaplan-Meier test revealed a decrease in MACCE survival rate concomitant with an escalating TBRmax. TBRmax>3.6 (AUC, 0.70; sensitivity, 76.9%; specificity, 73.9%; p = 0.017) increased MACCEs risk by 5.520-fold. Both TBRmax (hazard ratio [HR], 1.298; p = 0.004) and TBRglobal (HR = 1.335; p = 0.011) were significantly correlated with recurrent angina. No significant associations were found between CAC and SYNTAX scores and between PMI occurrence and long-term MACCEs. CONCLUSION Quantification of coronary microcalcification activity via [18F]NaF PET displayed a strong ability to predict early and long-term post-CABG cardiovascular outcomes, thereby outperforming conventional metrics of coronary macrocalcification burden and stenosis severity. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Committee (number: ChiCTR1900022527; URL: www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=37933 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging Lab, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 10029, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wanwan Wen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging Lab, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 10029, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yaqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Mingkai Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging Lab, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 10029, China
| | - Jingjing Meng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging Lab, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 10029, China
| | - Shipan Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Bolin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Biao Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging Lab, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 10029, China
| | - Tiantian Mou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging Lab, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 10029, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging Lab, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 10029, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Maier A, Teunissen AJP, Nauta SA, Lutgens E, Fayad ZA, van Leent MMT. Uncovering atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease by PET imaging. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:632-651. [PMID: 38575752 PMCID: PMC11324396 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Assessing atherosclerosis severity is essential for precise patient stratification. Specifically, there is a need to identify patients with residual inflammation because these patients remain at high risk of cardiovascular events despite optimal management of cardiovascular risk factors. Molecular imaging techniques, such as PET, can have an essential role in this context. PET imaging can indicate tissue-based disease status, detect early molecular changes and provide whole-body information. Advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics continue to help to decipher the complex pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and inform the development of imaging tracers. Concomitant advances in tracer synthesis methods and PET imaging technology provide future possibilities for atherosclerosis imaging. In this Review, we summarize the latest developments in PET imaging techniques and technologies for assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and discuss the relationship between imaging readouts and transcriptomics-based plaque phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Maier
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Abraham J P Teunissen
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheqouia A Nauta
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Immunology, Experimental Cardiovascular Immunology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mandy M T van Leent
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Kelham M, Beirne AM, Rathod KS, Andiapen M, Wynne L, Ramaseshan R, Learoyd AE, Forooghi N, Moon JC, Davies C, Bourantas CV, Baumbach A, Manisty C, Wragg A, Ahluwalia A, Pugliese F, Mathur A, Jones DA. The effect of CTCA guided selective invasive graft assessment on coronary angiographic parameters and outcomes: Insights from the BYPASS-CTCA trial. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2024; 18:291-296. [PMID: 38462389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computed tomography cardiac angiography (CTCA) is recommended for the evaluation of patients with prior coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The BYPASS-CTCA study demonstrated that CTCA prior to invasive coronary angiography (ICA) in CABG patients leads to significant reductions in procedure time and contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), alongside improved patient satisfaction. However, whether CTCA information was used to facilitate selective graft cannulation at ICA was not protocol mandated. In this post-hoc analysis we investigated the influence of CTCA facilitated selective graft assessment on angiographic parameters and study endpoints. METHODS BYPASS-CTCA was a randomized controlled trial in which patients with previous CABG referred for ICA were randomized to undergo CTCA prior to ICA, or ICA alone. In this post-hoc analysis we assessed the impact of selective ICA (grafts not invasively cannulated based on the CTCA result) following CTCA versus non-selective ICA (imaging all grafts irrespective of CTCA findings). The primary endpoints were ICA procedural duration, incidence of CIN, and patient satisfaction post-ICA. Secondary endpoints included the incidence of procedural complications and 1-year major adverse cardiac events. RESULTS In the CTCA cohort (n = 343), 214 (62.4%) patients had selective coronary angiography performed, whereas 129 (37.6%) patients had non-selective ICA. Procedure times were significantly reduced in the selective CTCA + ICA group compared to the non-selective CTCA + ICA group (-5.82min, 95% CI -7.99 to -3.65, p < 0.001) along with reduction of CIN (1.5% vs 5.8%, OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.98). No difference was seen in patient satisfaction with the ICA, however procedural complications (0.9% vs 4.7%, OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.09-0.87) and 1-year major adverse cardiac events (13.1% vs 20.9%, HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32-0.96) were significantly lower in the selective group. CONCLUSIONS In patients with prior CABG, CTCA guided selective angiographic assessment of bypass grafts is associated with improved procedural parameters, lower complication rates and better 12-month outcomes. Taken in addition to the main findings of the BYPASS-CTCA trial, these results suggest a synergistic approach between CTCA and ICA should be considered in this patient group. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03736018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Kelham
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Barts Interventional Group, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Beirne
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Barts Interventional Group, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Krishnaraj S Rathod
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Barts Interventional Group, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Mervyn Andiapen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Barts Interventional Group, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucinda Wynne
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Barts Interventional Group, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Rohini Ramaseshan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Barts Interventional Group, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Annastazia E Learoyd
- Barts Cardiovascular Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Nasim Forooghi
- Barts Interventional Group, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - James C Moon
- Department of Cardiac Imaging, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri Davies
- Department of Cardiac Imaging, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christos V Bourantas
- Barts Interventional Group, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Baumbach
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Barts Interventional Group, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiac Imaging, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Wragg
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Barts Interventional Group, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Barts Cardiovascular Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Pugliese
- NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiac Imaging, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Mathur
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Barts Interventional Group, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel A Jones
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Barts Interventional Group, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom; Barts Cardiovascular Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
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Kwiecinski J. Role of 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography in imaging atherosclerosis. J Nucl Cardiol 2024; 35:101845. [PMID: 38479575 DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclcard.2024.101845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis involving vascular beds across the human body remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Coronary and peripheral artery disease, which are almost universally a result of atherosclerotic plaque, can manifest clinically as myocardial infarctions, ischemic stroke, or acute lower-limb ischemia. Beyond imaging myocardial perfusion and blood-flow, nuclear imaging has the potential to depict the activity of the processes that are directly implicated in the atherosclerotic plaque progression and rupture. Out of several tested tracers to date, the literature is most advanced for 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography. In this review, we present the latest data in the field of atherosclerotic 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography imaging, discuss the advantages and limitation of the techniques, and highlight the aspects that require further research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kwiecinski
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
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7
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Riley RF, Patel MP, Abbott JD, Bangalore S, Brilakis ES, Croce KJ, Doshi D, Kaul P, Kearney KE, Kerrigan JL, McEntegart M, Maehara A, Rymer JA, Sutton NR, Shah B. SCAI Expert Consensus Statement on the Management of Calcified Coronary Lesions. JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR ANGIOGRAPHY & INTERVENTIONS 2024; 3:101259. [PMID: 39132214 PMCID: PMC11307856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jscai.2023.101259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of calcification in obstructive coronary artery disease is on the rise. Percutaneous coronary intervention of these calcified lesions is associated with increased short-term and long-term risks. To optimize percutaneous coronary intervention results, there is an expanding array of treatment modalities geared toward calcium modification prior to stent implantation. The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, herein, puts forth an expert consensus document regarding methods to identify types of calcified coronary lesions, a central algorithm to help guide use of the various calcium modification strategies, tips for when using each treatment modality, and a look at future studies and trials for treating this challenging lesion subset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J. Dawn Abbott
- Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | | | | | - Darshan Doshi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Margaret McEntegart
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Akiko Maehara
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York
| | | | - Nadia R. Sutton
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Binita Shah
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, New York
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Kwiecinski J, Tzolos E, Williams MC, Dey D, Berman D, Slomka P, Newby DE, Dweck MR. Noninvasive Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 16:1608-1622. [PMID: 38056987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite remarkable advances in the management of coronary artery disease, the prediction of adverse coronary events remains challenging. Over the preceding decades, considerable effort has been made to improve risk stratification using noninvasive imaging. Recently, these efforts have increasingly focused on the direct imaging of coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Modern imaging now allows imaging of coronary plaque burden, plaque type, atherosclerotic plaque activity, and plaque thrombosis, which have major potential to refine patient risk stratification, aid decision making, and advance future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kwiecinski
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Evangelos Tzolos
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle C Williams
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Damini Dey
- Division of Artificial Intelligence, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel Berman
- Division of Artificial Intelligence, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Piotr Slomka
- Division of Artificial Intelligence, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David E Newby
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marc R Dweck
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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9
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Kitagawa T, Sasaki K, Fujii Y, Ikegami Y, Tatsugami F, Awai K, Hirokawa Y, Nakano Y. 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography following coronary computed tomography angiography in predicting long-term coronary events: a 5-year follow-up study. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:2365-2378. [PMID: 37127726 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-023-03277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The predictive value of 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) in combination with coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography (CCTA) for future coronary events has attracted interest. We evaluated the potential of 18F-NaF PET/CT following CCTA to predict major coronary events (MACE) during a 5-year follow-up period. METHODS Forty patients with coronary atherosclerotic lesions detected on CCTA underwent 18F-NaF PET/CT examination. Each lesion was evaluated for luminal stenosis and high-risk plaque (HRP) with < 30 Hounsfield units and a > 1.1 remodeling index on CCTA. Focal 18F-NaF uptake in each lesion was quantified using the maximum tissue-to-background ratio (TBRmax), and the maximum TBRmax per patient (M-TBRmax) was determined. We followed MACE (cardiac death, acute coronary syndrome, and/or coronary revascularization > 6 months after 18F-NaF PET/CT) for 5 years. RESULTS In total, 142 coronary lesions were analyzed. Eleven patients experienced any MACE. Patients with MACE showed a higher M-TBRmax than those without (1.40 ± .19 vs. 1.18 ± .18, P = .0011), and the optimal M-TBRmax cutoff to predict MACE was 1.29. Patients with M-TBRmax of ≥ 1.29 had a higher risk of MACE than those with lower values (P = .012, log-rank test), whereas patients with obstructive stenosis and those with HRP did not. Multivariate Cox proportional analysis adjusted for age, sex, coronary risk factors, and CCTA findings showed that M-TBRmax of ≥ 1.29 remained an independent predictor of 5-year MACE (hazard ratio, 5.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-25.4; P = .034). CONCLUSION 18F-NaF PET/CT following CCTA provides useful strategies to predict 5-year MACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Kitagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Ko Sasaki
- Hiroshima Heiwa Clinic, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuto Fujii
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yuki Ikegami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Fuminari Tatsugami
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuo Awai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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10
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McQueen LW, Ladak SS, Layton GR, Wadey K, George SJ, Angelini GD, Murphy GJ, Zakkar M. Osteopontin Activation and Microcalcification in Venous Grafts Can Be Modulated by Dexamethasone. Cells 2023; 12:2627. [PMID: 37998362 PMCID: PMC10670684 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin has been implicated in vascular calcification formation and vein graft intimal hyperplasia, and its expression can be triggered by pro-inflammatory activation of cells. The role of osteopontin and the temporal formation of microcalcification in vein grafts is poorly understood with a lack of understanding of the interaction between haemodynamic changes and the activation of osteopontin. METHODS We used a porcine model of vein interposition grafts, and human long saphenous veins exposed to ex vivo perfusion, to study the activation of osteopontin using polymerase chain reaction, immunostaining, and 18F-sodium fluoride autoradiography. RESULTS The porcine model showed that osteopontin is active in grafts within 1 week following surgery and demonstrated the presence of microcalcification. A brief pretreatment of long saphenous veins with dexamethasone can suppress osteopontin activation. Prolonged culture of veins after exposure to acute arterial haemodynamics resulted in the formation of microcalcification but this was suppressed by pretreatment with dexamethasone. 18F-sodium fluoride uptake was significantly increased as early as 1 week in both models, and the pretreatment of long saphenous veins with dexamethasone was able to abolish its uptake. CONCLUSIONS Osteopontin is activated in vein grafts and is associated with microcalcification formation. A brief pretreatment of veins ex vivo with dexamethasone can suppress its activation and associated microcalcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam W. McQueen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Shameem S. Ladak
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Georgia R. Layton
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Kerry Wadey
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Sarah J. George
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Gianni D. Angelini
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Gavin J. Murphy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Mustafa Zakkar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
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11
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Jones DA, Beirne AM, Kelham M, Rathod KS, Andiapen M, Wynne L, Godec T, Forooghi N, Ramaseshan R, Moon JC, Davies C, Bourantas CV, Baumbach A, Manisty C, Wragg A, Ahluwalia A, Pugliese F, Mathur A. Computed Tomography Cardiac Angiography Before Invasive Coronary Angiography in Patients With Previous Bypass Surgery: The BYPASS-CTCA Trial. Circulation 2023; 148:1371-1380. [PMID: 37772419 PMCID: PMC11139242 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.064465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with previous coronary artery bypass grafting often require invasive coronary angiography (ICA). However, for these patients, the procedure is technically more challenging and has a higher risk of complications. Observational studies suggest that computed tomography cardiac angiography (CTCA) may facilitate ICA in this group, but this has not been tested in a randomized controlled trial. METHODS This study was a single-center, open-label randomized controlled trial assessing the benefit of adjunctive CTCA in patients with previous coronary artery bypass grafting referred for ICA. Patients were randomized 1:1 to undergo CTCA before ICA or ICA alone. The co-primary end points were procedural duration of the ICA (defined as the interval between local anesthesia administration for obtaining vascular access and removal of the last catheter), patient satisfaction after ICA using a validated questionnaire, and the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy. Linear regression was used for procedural duration and patient satisfaction score; contrast-induced nephropathy was analyzed using logistic regression. We applied the Bonferroni correction, with P<0.017 considered significant and 98.33% CIs presented. Secondary end points included incidence of procedural complications and 1-year major adverse cardiac events. RESULTS Over 3 years, 688 patients were randomized with a median follow-up of 1.0 years. The mean age was 69.8±10.4 years, 108 (15.7%) were women, 402 (58.4%) were White, and there was a high burden of comorbidity (85.3% hypertension and 53.8% diabetes). The median time from coronary artery bypass grafting to angiography was 12.0 years, and there were a median of 3 (interquartile range, 2 to 3) grafts per participant. Procedure duration of the ICA was significantly shorter in the CTCA+ICA group (CTCA+ICA, 18.6±9.5 minutes versus ICA alone, 39.5±16.9 minutes [98.33% CI, -23.5 to -18.4]; P<0.001), alongside improved mean ICA satisfaction scores (1=very good to 5=very poor; -1.1 difference [98.33% CI, -1.2 to -0.9]; P<0.001), and reduced incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (3.4% versus 27.9%; odds ratio, 0.09 [98.33% CI, 0.04-0.2]; P<0.001). Procedural complications (2.3% versus 10.8%; odds ratio, 0.2 [95% CI, 0.1-0.4]; P<0.001) and 1-year major adverse cardiac events (16.0% versus 29.4%; hazard ratio, 0.4 [95% CI, 0.3-0.6]; P<0.001) were also lower in the CTCA+ICA group. CONCLUSIONS For patients with previous coronary artery bypass grafting, CTCA before ICA leads to reductions in procedure time and contrast-induced nephropathy, with improved patient satisfaction. CTCA before ICA should be considered in this group of patients. REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov; Unique identifier: NCT03736018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Jones
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., A.B., A.A., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Barts Cardiovascular Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.J., T.G., A.B., A.A.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., J.C.M., C.D., C.V.B., A.B., C.M., A.W., A.A., F.P., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, UK. Barts Interventional Group (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., C.V.B., A.B., A.W., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Beirne
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., A.B., A.A., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., J.C.M., C.D., C.V.B., A.B., C.M., A.W., A.A., F.P., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, UK. Barts Interventional Group (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., C.V.B., A.B., A.W., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Matthew Kelham
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., A.B., A.A., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., J.C.M., C.D., C.V.B., A.B., C.M., A.W., A.A., F.P., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, UK. Barts Interventional Group (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., C.V.B., A.B., A.W., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Krishnaraj S. Rathod
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., A.B., A.A., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., J.C.M., C.D., C.V.B., A.B., C.M., A.W., A.A., F.P., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mervyn Andiapen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., A.B., A.A., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., J.C.M., C.D., C.V.B., A.B., C.M., A.W., A.A., F.P., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, UK. Barts Interventional Group (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., C.V.B., A.B., A.W., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Lucinda Wynne
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., A.B., A.A., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., J.C.M., C.D., C.V.B., A.B., C.M., A.W., A.A., F.P., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, UK. Barts Interventional Group (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., C.V.B., A.B., A.W., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Thomas Godec
- Barts Cardiovascular Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.J., T.G., A.B., A.A.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Nasim Forooghi
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., A.B., A.A., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., J.C.M., C.D., C.V.B., A.B., C.M., A.W., A.A., F.P., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, UK. Barts Interventional Group (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., C.V.B., A.B., A.W., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Rohini Ramaseshan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., A.B., A.A., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., J.C.M., C.D., C.V.B., A.B., C.M., A.W., A.A., F.P., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, UK. Barts Interventional Group (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., C.V.B., A.B., A.W., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - James C. Moon
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., J.C.M., C.D., C.V.B., A.B., C.M., A.W., A.A., F.P., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Cardiac Imaging (J.C.M., C.D., C.M., F.P.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ceri Davies
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., J.C.M., C.D., C.V.B., A.B., C.M., A.W., A.A., F.P., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Cardiac Imaging (J.C.M., C.D., C.M., F.P.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Christos V. Bourantas
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., J.C.M., C.D., C.V.B., A.B., C.M., A.W., A.A., F.P., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, UK. Barts Interventional Group (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., C.V.B., A.B., A.W., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Andreas Baumbach
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., A.B., A.A., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Barts Cardiovascular Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.J., T.G., A.B., A.A.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., J.C.M., C.D., C.V.B., A.B., C.M., A.W., A.A., F.P., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, UK. Barts Interventional Group (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., C.V.B., A.B., A.W., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- Department of Cardiac Imaging (J.C.M., C.D., C.M., F.P.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew Wragg
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., J.C.M., C.D., C.V.B., A.B., C.M., A.W., A.A., F.P., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, UK. Barts Interventional Group (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., C.V.B., A.B., A.W., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., A.B., A.A., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Barts Cardiovascular Clinical Trials Unit (D.A.J., T.G., A.B., A.A.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Francesca Pugliese
- Department of Cardiac Imaging (J.C.M., C.D., C.M., F.P.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Anthony Mathur
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., A.B., A.A., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts Heart Centre and William Harvey Research Institute (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., J.C.M., C.D., C.V.B., A.B., C.M., A.W., A.A., F.P., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, UK. Barts Interventional Group (D.A.J., A.-M.B., M.K., K.S.R., M.A., L.W., N.F., R.R., C.V.B., A.B., A.W., A.M.), Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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12
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Fudulu DP, Layton GR, Nguyen B, Sinha S, Dimagli A, Guida G, Abbasciano R, Viviano A, Angelini GD, Zakkar M. Trends and outcomes of concomitant aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting in the UK and a survey of practices. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 64:ezad259. [PMID: 37462523 PMCID: PMC10580967 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezad259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Concomitant revascularization of coronary artery disease at the same time as treatment for aortic valvopathy favourably impacts survival. However, combined surgery may be associated with increased adverse outcomes compared to aortic valve replacement (AVR) or coronary artery bypass grafting in isolation. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed all patients who underwent AVR with bypass grafting between February 1996 and March 2019 using data from the National Adult Cardiac Surgery Audit. We used a generalized mixed-effects model to assess the effect of the number and type of bypass grafts associated with surgical AVR on in-hospital mortality, postoperative stroke, and the need for renal dialysis. Furthermore, we conducted an international cross-sectional survey of cardiac surgeons to explore their views about concomitant AVR with coronary bypass grafting interventions. RESULTS Fifty-one thousand two hundred and seventy-two patients were included in the study. Patients receiving 2 or more bypass grafts demonstrated more significant preoperative comorbidity and disease severity. Patients undergoing 2 and >2 grafts in addition to AVR had increased mortality as compared to patients undergoing AVR and only 1 graft [odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.05-1.30], P = 0.005 and OR 1.15, 95% CI [1.02-1.30], P = 0.024 respectively]. A single arterial conduit was associated with a reduction in mortality (OR 0.75, 95% CI [0.68-0.82], P < 0.001) and postoperative dialysis (OR 0.87, 95% CI [0.78-0.96], P = 0.006), but this association was lost with >1 arterial conduit. One hundred and three surgeons responded to our survey, with only a small majority believing that the number of bypass grafts can influence short- or long-term postoperative outcomes in these patients, and an almost equal split in responders supporting the use of staged or hybrid interventions for patients with concomitant pathology. CONCLUSIONS The number of grafts performed during combined AVR and coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The use of an arterial graft was also associated with reduced mortality. Future studies are needed to assess the effect of incomplete revascularization and measure long-term outcomes. Based on our data, current published evidence, and the collective expert opinion we gathered, we endorse future work to investigate the short and long-term efficacy and safety of hybrid intervention for patients with concomitant advanced coronary and aortic valve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Fudulu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Georgia R Layton
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Bao Nguyen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
| | - Shubhra Sinha
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Arnaldo Dimagli
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gustavo Guida
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Riccardo Abbasciano
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Viviano
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gianni D Angelini
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mustafa Zakkar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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13
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Blach A, Kwiecinski J. The Role of Positron Emission Tomography in Advancing the Understanding of the Pathogenesis of Heart and Vascular Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:1791. [PMID: 37238275 PMCID: PMC10217133 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13101791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. For developing new therapies, a better understanding of the underlying pathology is required. Historically, such insights have been primarily derived from pathological studies. In the 21st century, thanks to the advent of cardiovascular positron emission tomography (PET), which depicts the presence and activity of pathophysiological processes, it is now feasible to assess disease activity in vivo. By targeting distinct biological pathways, PET elucidates the activity of the processes which drive disease progression, adverse outcomes or, on the contrary, those that can be considered as a healing response. Given the insights provided by PET, this non-invasive imaging technology lends itself to the development of new therapies, providing a hope for the emergence of strategies that could have a profound impact on patient outcomes. In this narrative review, we discuss recent advances in cardiovascular PET imaging which have greatly advanced our understanding of atherosclerosis, ischemia, infection, adverse myocardial remodeling and degenerative valvular heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Blach
- Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Voxel Diagnostic Center, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jacek Kwiecinski
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Grodecki K, Warniello M, Spiewak M, Kwiecinski J. Advanced Cardiac Imaging in the Assessment of Aortic Stenosis. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10050216. [PMID: 37233183 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10050216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic stenosis is the most common form of valve disease in the Western world and a major healthcare burden. Although echocardiography remains the central modality for the diagnosis and assessment of aortic stenosis, recently, advanced cardiac imaging with cardiovascular magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography have provided invaluable pathological insights that may guide the personalized management of the disease. In this review, we discuss applications of these novel non-invasive imaging modalities for establishing the diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and eventually planning the invasive treatment of aortic stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajetan Grodecki
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Warniello
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Spiewak
- Magnetic Resonance Unit, Department of Radiology, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Kwiecinski
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Dhaduk N, Xia Y, Feit F, Mamas M, Alviar C, Keller N, Rao SV, Bangalore S. In-hospital Outcomes of Patients With and Without Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Who Present With a Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Am J Cardiol 2023; 194:78-85. [PMID: 36989550 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The clinical course of patients with a previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) presenting with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is not well defined. We aimed to compare the management and outcomes of patients with and without previous CABG who present with an NSTEMI. Patients hospitalized with an NSTEMI between 2002 and 2018 were identified from the National Inpatient Sample. The baseline characteristics and outcomes of patients with and without a previous CABG were compared. The outcomes included the rates of invasive procedures (defined as coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI], or CABG), and its individual components, and in-hospital mortality. A total of 1,445,545 cases of NSTEMI were found, of which 133,691 (9.3%) had a previous CABG. Patients with a previous CABG were older (72.4 vs 68.6 years, p <0.001), more likely men (68.8% vs 56.9%, p <0.001), and of White race (79.7% vs 74.8%, p <0.001). The previous CABG cohort had lower rates of invasive procedures (50.4% vs 65.6%, p <0.001), PCI (23.7% vs 32.0%, p <0.001), or CABG (1.2% vs 10.6%; p <0.001) in the unmatched analysis. The results were consistent in the propensity score-matched analysis with the previous CABG group less likely to receive any invasive procedures (odds ratio [OR] 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47 to 0.49), including coronary angiography (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.55), PCI (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.67), or repeat CABG (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.12). Moreover, the risk of in-hospital mortality was higher in the previous CABG group (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.21). In the subset of patients who were revascularized in both groups, this excess mortality was no longer observed (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.03). In conclusion, a previous CABG in patients who present with NSTEMI is associated with lower rates of invasive procedures and revascularization and higher in-hospital mortality than patients without a previous CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Dhaduk
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Yuhe Xia
- Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Frederick Feit
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Mamas Mamas
- Department of Cardiology, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Alviar
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Norma Keller
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Sunil V Rao
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Sripal Bangalore
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
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16
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Hemelrijk KI, Faria D, Salinas P, Escaned J. A Travel Through Time: Percutaneous Management of Degenerated Coronary Saphenous Vein Grafts. JACC Case Rep 2023; 10:101746. [PMID: 36974054 PMCID: PMC10039387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2023.101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Managing coronary saphenous vein graft failure has remained an unmet need since the inception of interventional cardiology. The present case constitutes an opportunity to revisit percutaneous strategies to treat saphenous vein graft failure, providing a travel though interventional strategies and showing a contemporary approach to this problem. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Iris Hemelrijk
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel Faria
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Salinas
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Escaned
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Hamilton GW, Dinh D, Yeoh J, Brennan AL, Fulcher J, Koshy AN, Yudi MB, Reid CM, Hare DL, Freeman M, Stub D, Chan W, Duffy SJ, Ajani A, Raman J, Farouque O, Clark DJ. Characteristics of Radial Artery Coronary Bypass Graft Failure and Outcomes Following Subsequent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2023; 16:457-467. [PMID: 36858666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2022.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), targeting the native vessel is preferred. Studies informing such recommendations are based predominantly on saphenous vein graft (SVG) PCI. There are few data regarding arterial graft intervention, particularly to a radial artery (RA) graft. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to report the characteristics of arterial graft stenoses and evaluate the feasibility of RA PCI. METHODS This study included 2,780 consecutive patients with prior CABG undergoing PCI between 2005 and 2018 who were prospectively enrolled in the MIG (Melbourne Interventional Group) registry. Data were stratified by PCI target vessel. RA graft PCI was compared with both native vessel (native PCI) and SVG PCI. Internal mammary graft PCI data were reported. The primary outcome was 3-year mortality. RESULTS Overall, 1,928 patients (69.4%) underwent native PCI, 716 (25.6%) SVG PCI, 86 (3.1%) RA PCI, and 50 (1.8%) internal mammary graft PCI. Compared with SVG PCI, the RA PCI cohort presented earlier after CABG, less frequently had acute coronary syndrome, and more commonly had ostial or distal anastomosis intervention (P < 0.005 for all). Compared with patients who underwent native PCI, those who underwent RA PCI were more likely to have diabetes and peripheral vascular disease (P < 0.001 for both) and to present with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (P = 0.010). The RA PCI group had no perforations or in-hospital myocardial infarctions, though no significant difference was found in periprocedural outcomes compared with either native or SVG PCI. No differences were found between RA PCI and either native or SVG PCI in 30-day outcomes or 3-year mortality. CONCLUSIONS Presenting and lesion characteristics differed between patients undergoing arterial compared with SVG PCI, implying a varied pathogenesis of graft stenosis. RA PCI appears feasible, safe, and where anatomically suitable, may be a viable alternative to native PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry W Hamilton
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. https://twitter.com/GarryHamilton6
| | - Diem Dinh
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julian Yeoh
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angela L Brennan
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jordan Fulcher
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anoop N Koshy
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matias B Yudi
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher M Reid
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - David L Hare
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melanie Freeman
- Department of Cardiology, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dion Stub
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J Duffy
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Ajani
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jaishankar Raman
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Omar Farouque
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David J Clark
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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18
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Advances in the Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease Activity with PET/CT and CTA. Tomography 2023; 9:328-341. [PMID: 36828378 PMCID: PMC9962109 DOI: 10.3390/tomography9010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive testing plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis, assessment of progression, response to therapy, and risk stratification of coronary artery disease. Although anatomical plaque imaging by computed tomography angiography (CTA) and ischemia detection with myocardial perfusion imaging studies are current standards of care, there is a growing body of evidence that imaging of the processes which drive atherosclerotic plaque progression and rupture has the potential to further enhance risk stratification. In particular, non-invasive imaging of coronary plaque inflammation and active calcification has shown promise in this regard. Positron emission tomography (PET) with newly-adopted radiotracers provides unique insights into atheroma activity acting as a powerful independent predictor of myocardial infarctions. Similarly, by providing a quantitative measure of coronary inflammation, the pericoronary adipose tissue density (PCAT) derived from standard coronary CTA enhances cardiac risk prediction and allows re-stratification over and above current state-of-the-art assessments. In this review, we shall discuss the recent advances in the non-invasive methods of assessment of disease activity by PET and CTA, highlighting how these methods could improve risk stratification and ultimately benefit patients with coronary artery disease.
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19
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Kwiecinski J. Novel PET Applications and Radiotracers for Imaging Cardiovascular Pathophysiology. Cardiol Clin 2023; 41:129-139. [PMID: 37003671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
PET allows the assessment of cardiovascular pathophysiology across a wide range of cardiovascular conditions. By imaging processes directly involved in disease progression and adverse events, such as inflammation and developing calcifications (microcalcifications), PET can not only enhance our understanding of cardiovascular disease, but also, as shown for 18F-sodium fluoride, has the potential to predict hard endpoints. In this review, the recent advances in disease activity assessment with cardiovascular PET, which provide hope that this promising technology could be leveraged in the clinical setting, shall be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kwiecinski
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, KKiAI, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, Warsaw 04-628, Poland.
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20
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NaF-PET Imaging of Atherosclerosis Burden. J Imaging 2023; 9:jimaging9020031. [PMID: 36826950 PMCID: PMC9966512 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging9020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The method of 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) of atherosclerosis was introduced 12 years ago. This approach is particularly interesting because it demonstrates microcalcification as an incipient sign of atherosclerosis before the development of arterial wall macrocalcification detectable by CT. However, this method has not yet found its place in the clinical routine. The more exact association between NaF uptake and future arterial calcification is not fully understood, and it remains unclear to what extent NaF-PET may replace or significantly improve clinical cardiovascular risk scoring. The first 10 years of publications in the field were characterized by heterogeneity at multiple levels, and it is not clear how the method may contribute to triage and management of patients with atherosclerosis, including monitoring effects of anti-atherosclerosis intervention. The present review summarizes findings from the recent 2¾ years including the ability of NaF-PET imaging to assess disease progress and evaluate response to treatment. Despite valuable new information, pertinent questions remain unanswered, not least due to a pronounced lack of standardization within the field and of well-designed long-term studies illuminating the natural history of atherosclerosis and effects of intervention.
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21
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Galli M, Benenati S, Zito A, Capodanno D, Zoccai GB, Ortega-Paz L, Iaconelli A, D'Amario D, Porto I, Burzotta F, Trani C, De Caterina R, Gaudino M, Escaned J, Angiolillo DJ, Crea F. Revascularization strategies versus optimal medical therapy in chronic coronary syndrome: A network meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2023; 370:58-64. [PMID: 36265647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of myocardial revascularization on outcomes and prognosis in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) without left main (LM) disease or reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) may be influenced by the revascularization strategy adopted. METHODS We performed a network meta-analysis including 18 randomized controlled trials comparing different revascularization strategies, including angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), physiology-guided PCI and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), in patients with CCS without LM disease or reduced LVEF. RESULTS Compared with medical therapy, all revascularization strategies were associated with a reduction of the primary endpoint, as defined in each trial, the extent of which was modest with angiography-guided PCI (IRR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75-0.99) and greater with physiology-guided PCI (IRR 0.60, 95% CI 0.47-0.77) and CABG (IRR 0.58, 95% CI 0.48-0.70). Moreover, angiography-guided PCI was associated with an increase of the primary endpoint compared to physiology-guided PCI (IRR 1.43, 95% CI 1.14-1.79) and CABG (IRR 1.49, 95% CI 1.27-1.74). CABG was the only strategy associated with reduced myocardial infarction (IRR 0.68, 95% CI 0.52-0.90), cardiovascular death (IRR 0.76, 95% CI 0.64-0.89), and all-cause death (IRR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77-0.99), but increased stroke (IRR 1.69, 95% CI 1.04-2.76). CONCLUSIONS In CCS patients without LM disease or reduced LVEF, physiology-guided PCI and CABG are associated with better outcomes than angiography-guided PCI. Compared with medical therapy, CABG is the only revascularization strategy associated with a reduction of myocardial infarction and death rates, at the cost of higher risk of stroke. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022313612).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Galli
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy.
| | - Stefano Benenati
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS Italian Cardiology Network, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Zito
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Capodanno
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Rome, Italy; Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luis Ortega-Paz
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Antonio Iaconelli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico D'Amario
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Italo Porto
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS Italian Cardiology Network, Genova, Italy; Cardiovascular Disease Chair, Department of Internal Medicine (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Burzotta
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Trani
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- University of Pisa and University Cardiology Division, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Fondazione VillaSerena per la Ricerca, Città Sant'Angelo, Pescara, Italy
| | - Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Javier Escaned
- Hospital Clinico San Carlos IDISSC, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dominick J Angiolillo
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Filippo Crea
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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22
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Li Z, Wang Y, Wu S, Xiao J, Guo L, Meng S, Zhong L, Ding H, Lv H, Zhou X, Huang R. Good coronary collateral circulation is not associated with better prognosis in patients with chronic total occlusion, regardless of treatment strategy. Hellenic J Cardiol 2023; 69:9-15. [PMID: 36509330 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the effects of coronary collateral circulation (CCC) on the prognosis of patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO) under different treatment strategies. METHODS We analyzed a total of 1124 patients who were diagnosed with CTO and divided them into groups with good CCC (grade 2 to 3, n = 539) or poor CCC (grade 0 to 1, n = 531). The primary outcome was cardiac death during follow-up; the secondary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). We also performed subgroup analyses in groups with and without CTO revascularization (CTO-R and CTO-NR, respectively), and sensitivity analyses excluding patients who received failed CTO-PCI to further investigate the effect of CCC. RESULTS During a median follow-up duration of 23 months, we did not detect any significant differences between the good CCC group and the poor CCC group in terms of cardiac death (4.2% vs 4.1%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56-1.83; p = 0.970) and MACEs (23.6% vs 23.2%; adjusted HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.84-1.37; p = 0.590). Subgroup analyses according to CTO revascularization showed similar results. In addition, we observed no differences in sensitivity analyses when patients who received failed CTO-PCI were excluded. CONCLUSION Good CCC was not associated with a lower risk of cardiac death or MACEs among patients with CTO, regardless of whether the patients received CTO revascularization treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeya Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yingdong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and EBM, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jingnan Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Shaoke Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Huaiyu Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Haichen Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Xuchen Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Rongchong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China.
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23
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Zu ZY, Xu PP, Chen Q, Chen YC, Qi JC, Tang CX, Zhou CS, Xu C, Sun XJ, Lu MJ, Lu GM, Wang YN, Xu Y, Zhang LJ. The prognostic value of CT-derived fractional flow reserve in coronary artery bypass graft: a retrospective multicenter study. Eur Radiol 2022; 33:3029-3040. [PMID: 36576550 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the predictive value of CT-derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) in anastomosis occlusion after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. METHODS Patients undergoing CABG with both pre- and post-operative coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) were retrospectively included. Preoperative CCTA studies were used to evaluate anatomical and FFRCT information of target vessels. A diameter stenosis (DS) ≥ 70% or left main > 50% was considered to be anatomically severe, while FFRCT value ≤ 0.80 be functionally significant. The primary endpoint was anastomosis occlusion evaluated on post-operative CCTA during follow-up. Predictors of anastomosis occlusion were assessed by the multivariate binary logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. RESULTS A total of 270 anastomoses were identified in 88 enrolled patients. Forty-one anastomoses from 30 patients exhibited occlusion during a follow-up of 15.3 months after CABG. The occluded group had significantly increased prevalence of non-severe DS (58.5% vs. 40.2%; p = 0.023) and non-significant FFRCT (48.8% vs. 10.0%; p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis indicated FFRCT ≤ 0.80 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.03-0.33; p < 0.001) and older age (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87-0.97; p = 0.001) were predictors for bypass patency during follow-up, while myocardial infarction history and anastomosis to a local lesion or bifurcation (all p value < 0.05) were predictors of occlusion. Adding FFRCT into the model based on the clinical and anatomical predictors had an improved AUC of 0.848 (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS FFRCT ≤ 0.80 was associated with a significant risk reduction of anastomosis occlusion after CABG. Preoperative judgment of the hemodynamic significance may improve the CABG surgery strategy and reduce graft failure. KEY POINTS • FFRCT ≤ 0.80 was associated with a significant risk reduction of anastomosis occlusion after CABG. • The addition of FFRCT into the integrated model including clinical (age and history of myocardial infarction) and anatomical CCTA indicators (local lesion and bifurcation) significantly improved the model performance with an AUC of 0.848 (p = 0.005). • Preoperative judgment of the hemodynamic significance may help improve the decision-making and surgery planning in patients indicated for CABG and significantly reduce graft failure, without an extra radiation exposure and risk of invasive procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Yue Zu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Peng Xu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Chun Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Chen Qi
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Xiang Tang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang Sheng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xin Jie Sun
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Jie Lu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Ning Wang
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Long Jiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
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24
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Kwiecinski J. Imaging coronary and aortic microcalcification activity with 18F-sodium fluoride. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:3366-3368. [PMID: 35562638 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-022-02992-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kwiecinski
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
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25
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How to deal with nonsevere stenoses in coronary artery bypass grafting - a critical perspective on competitive flow and surgical precision. Curr Opin Cardiol 2022; 37:468-473. [PMID: 36094465 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW For invasive treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), we assess anatomical complexity, analyse surgical risk and make heart-team decisions for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). With PCI, treating flow-relevant lesions is recommended, and reintervention easily treats disease progression. For CABG, some stenoses may only be borderline or nonsevere despite a clear surgical indication. As reoperations are not easy, the question on how to address these lesions has been around from the start, but has never satisfactorily been answered. RECENT FINDINGS With a new mechanistic perspective, we had suggested that infarct-prevention by surgical collateralization is the main prognostic mechanism of CABG in chronic coronary syndrome. Importantly, the majority of infarctions arise from nonsevere coronary lesions. Thus, surgical collateralization may be a valid treatment option for nonsevere lesions, but graft patency moves more into focus here, because graft patency directly correlates with the severity of coronary stenoses. In addition, CABG may even accelerate native disease progression. SUMMARY We here review the evidence for and against grafting nonsevere CAD lesions, suggesting that patency of grafts (to moderate lesions) may be improved by increasing surgical precision. In addition, we must improve our ability to predict future myocardial infarctions.
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26
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Tawakol A, Osborne MT. Multimodal Imaging Insights Into Graft Vasculopathy and Progression of Native CAD Following CABG. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 15:888-890. [PMID: 35512959 PMCID: PMC9210977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Tawakol
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Michael T Osborne
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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