1
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Kim G, Chen Z, Li J, Luo J, Castro-Martinez F, Wisniewski J, Cui K, Wang Y, Sun J, Ren X, Crawford SE, Becerra SP, Zhu J, Liu T, Wang S, Zhao K, Wu C. Gut-liver axis calibrates intestinal stem cell fitness. Cell 2024; 187:914-930.e20. [PMID: 38280375 PMCID: PMC10923069 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The gut and liver are recognized to mutually communicate through the biliary tract, portal vein, and systemic circulation. However, it remains unclear how this gut-liver axis regulates intestinal physiology. Through hepatectomy and transcriptomic and proteomic profiling, we identified pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a liver-derived soluble Wnt inhibitor, which restrains intestinal stem cell (ISC) hyperproliferation to maintain gut homeostasis by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, we found that microbial danger signals resulting from intestinal inflammation can be sensed by the liver, leading to the repression of PEDF production through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα). This repression liberates ISC proliferation to accelerate tissue repair in the gut. Additionally, treating mice with fenofibrate, a clinical PPARα agonist used for hypolipidemia, enhances colitis susceptibility due to PEDF activity. Therefore, we have identified a distinct role for PEDF in calibrating ISC expansion for intestinal homeostasis through reciprocal interactions between the gut and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girak Kim
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zuojia Chen
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jialie Luo
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Felipe Castro-Martinez
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jan Wisniewski
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kairong Cui
- Laboratory of Epigenome Biology, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jialei Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaobai Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Susan E Crawford
- Department of Surgery, North Shore University Research Institute, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - S Patricia Becerra
- Section of Protein Structure and Function, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jimin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Taotao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Keji Zhao
- Laboratory of Epigenome Biology, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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2
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Wu J, Duan C, Yang Y, Wang Z, Tan C, Han C, Hou X. Insights into the liver-eyes connections, from epidemiological, mechanical studies to clinical translation. J Transl Med 2023; 21:712. [PMID: 37817192 PMCID: PMC10566185 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of internal homeostasis is a sophisticated process, during which almost all organs get involved. Liver plays a central role in metabolism and involves in endocrine, immunity, detoxification and storage, and therefore it communicates with distant organs through such mechanisms to regulate pathophysiological processes. Dysfunctional liver is often accompanied by pathological phenotypes of distant organs, including the eyes. Many reviews have focused on crosstalk between the liver and gut, the liver and brain, the liver and heart, the liver and kidney, but with no attention paid to the liver and eyes. In this review, we summarized intimate connections between the liver and the eyes from three aspects. Epidemiologically, we suggest liver-related, potential, protective and risk factors for typical eye disease as well as eye indicators connected with liver status. For molecular mechanism aspect, we elaborate their inter-organ crosstalk from metabolism (glucose, lipid, proteins, vitamin, and mineral), detoxification (ammonia and bilirubin), and immunity (complement and inflammation regulation) aspect. In clinical application part, we emphasize the latest advances in utilizing the liver-eye axis in disease diagnosis and therapy, involving artificial intelligence-deep learning-based novel diagnostic tools for detecting liver disease and adeno-associated viral vector-based gene therapy method for curing blinding eye disease. We aim to focus on and provide novel insights into liver and eyes communications and help resolve existed clinically significant issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei China
| | - Caihan Duan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei China
| | - Yuanfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei China
| | - Chen Tan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei China
| | - Chaoqun Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei China
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3
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Jones IC, Dass CR. Roles of pigment epithelium-derived factor in cardiomyocytes: implications for use as a cardioprotective therapeutic. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023:7146108. [PMID: 37104852 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, with patients having limited options for treatment. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenous multifunctional protein with several mechanisms of action. Recently, PEDF has emerged as a potential cardioprotective agent in response to myocardial infarction. However, PEDF is also associated with pro-apoptotic effects, complicating its role in cardioprotection. This review summarises and compares knowledge of PEDF's activity in cardiomyocytes with other cell types and draws links between them. Following this, the review offers a novel perspective of PEDF's therapeutic potential and recommends future directions to understand the clinical potential of PEDF better. KEY FINDINGS PEDF's mechanisms as a pro-apoptotic and pro-survival protein are not well understood, despite PEDF's implication in several physiological and pathological activities. However, recent evidence suggests that PEDF may have significant cardioprotective properties mediated by key regulators dependent on cell type and context. CONCLUSIONS While PEDF's cardioprotective activity shares some key regulators with its apoptotic activity, cellular context and molecular features likely allow manipulation of PEDF's cellular activity, highlighting the importance of further investigation into its activities and its potential to be applied as a therapeutic to mitigate damage from a range of cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel C Jones
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
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4
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver secretome. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:938-963. [PMCID: PMC9703441 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Wang Y, Liu X, Quan X, Qin X, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Chao Z, Jia C, Qin H, Zhang H. Pigment epithelium-derived factor and its role in microvascular-related diseases. Biochimie 2022; 200:153-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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6
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Wu X, Ye W, Gong Y. The Role of RNA Methyltransferase METTL3 in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:873903. [PMID: 35574332 PMCID: PMC9095908 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.873903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
m6A modification is the most common modification in eukaryotes. METTL3, as a core methyltransferase of m6A modification, plays a vital role in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Recent studies have shown that METTL3 is required for normal and symmetric differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Moreover, METTL3 strongly impacts the process and development of hematological neoplasms, including the differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation, chemoresistance, and risk of tumors. Novel inhibitors of METTL3 have been identified and studied in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. STM2457, a selective inhibitor of METTL3, has been identified to block proliferation and promote differentiation and apoptosis of AML cells without impacting normal hematopoiesis. Therefore, in our present review, we focus on the structure of METTL3, the role of METTL3 in both normal and malignant hematopoiesis, and the potential of METTL3 for treating hematological neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wu Ye
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuping Gong
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Shahbazi B, Arab SS, Mafakher L, Azadmansh K, Teimoori-Toolabi L. Computational assessment of pigment epithelium-derived factor as an anti-cancer protein during its interaction with the receptors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-17. [PMID: 35510592 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2069863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a member of the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) with antiangiogenic, anti-tumorigenic, antioxidant, anti-atherosclerosis, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. The PEDF can bind to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), laminin (LR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and ATP synthase β-subunit receptors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the structural basis of the interaction between PEDF and its receptors using bioinformatics approaches to identify the critical amino acids for designing anticancer peptides. The human ATP synthase β-subunit was predicted by homology modeling. The molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and Molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) were used to study this protein-receptor complex. The molecular docking showed PEDF could bind to the Laminin and VEGFR2 much stronger than ATP synthase β-subunit, VEGFR1, and LRP6. The PEDF could effectively interact with various receptors during the simulation. The N-terminal of PEDF has an important role in the interaction with the receptors. The MM/PBSA showed the electrostatic (ΔEElec) and van der Waals interactions (ΔEVdW) contributed positively to the binding process of the complexes. The critical amino acids in the binding interaction of PEDF to its receptors in the MD simulation were determined. The interaction mode of 34-mer PEDF to laminin, VEGFR2, and LRP6 were different from VEGFR1, ATP synthase β-subunit. The 34-mer PEDF has an important role in the interaction with different receptors and these critical amino acids can be used for designing peptides for future therapeutic aims.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Shahbazi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Shahriar Arab
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Mafakher
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Yuan TH, Yue ZS, Zhang GH, Wang L, Dou GR. Beyond the Liver: Liver-Eye Communication in Clinical and Experimental Aspects. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:823277. [PMID: 35004861 PMCID: PMC8740136 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.823277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The communication between organs participates in the regulation of body homeostasis under physiological conditions and the progression and adaptation of diseases under pathological conditions. The communication between the liver and the eyes has been received more and more attention. In this review, we summarized some molecular mediators that can reflect the relationship between the liver and the eye, and then extended the metabolic relationship between the liver and the eye. We also summarized some typical diseases and phenotypes that have been able to reflect the liver-eye connection in the clinic, especially non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The close connection between the liver and the eye is reflected through multiple pathways such as metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In addition, we presented the connection between the liver and the eye in traditional Chinese medicine, and introduced the fact that artificial intelligence may use the close connection between the liver and the eye to help us solve some practical clinical problems. Paying attention to liver-eye communication will help us have a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of certain communication between liver diseases and eyes, and provide new ideas for their potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Hao Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of The Cadet Team 6 of School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Yue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Heng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Rui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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9
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He T, Liu W, Shen CA. Anti-inflammatory properties of pigment epithelium-derived factor. EUR J INFLAMM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x221138857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is part of the complex biological response to harmful stimuli, such as cell damage, pathogens, or irritants. An excessive inflammatory response can lead to a variety of diseases. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenous glycoprotein that belongs to the superfamily of serine protease inhibitors and has multiple biological activities. Accumulating evidence suggests that PEDF participates in various inflammatory-related diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and retinal diseases. However, the mechanism is still incompletely understood. In this paper, we review the anti-inflammatory properties of PEDF and discuss the underlying mechanisms. PEDF can exert its anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the expression of inflammatory factors, promoting the synthesis of anti-inflammatory factors, inhibiting the activation of proinflammatory pathways and activating anti-inflammatory pathways. Examining the function of PEDF in inflammation addresses the need for further investigation and subsequent target-specific strategies for inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-an Shen
- The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Beijing, China
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10
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Kopylov AT, Papysheva O, Gribova I, Kaysheva AL, Kotaysch G, Kharitonova L, Mayatskaya T, Nurbekov MK, Schipkova E, Terekhina O, Morozov SG. Severe types of fetopathy are associated with changes in the serological proteome of diabetic mothers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27829. [PMID: 34766598 PMCID: PMC8589259 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pregestational or gestational diabetes are the main risk factors for diabetic fetopathy. There are no generalized signs of fetopathy before the late gestational age due to insufficient sensitivity of currently employed instrumental methods. In this cross-sectional observational study, we investigated several types of severe diabetic fetopathy (cardiomyopathy, central nervous system defects, and hepatomegaly) established in type 2 diabetic mothers during 30 to 35 gestational weeks and confirmed upon delivery. We examined peripheral blood plasma and determined a small proportion of proteins strongly associated with a specific type of fetopathy or anatomical malfunction. Most of the examined markers participate in critical processes at different stages of embryogenesis and regulate various phases of morphogenesis. Alterations in CDCL5 had a significant impact on mRNA splicing and DNA repair. Patients with central nervous system defects were characterized by the greatest depletion (ca. 7% of the basal level) of DFP3, a neurotrophic factor needed for the proper specialization of oligodendrocytes. Dysregulation of noncanonical wingless-related integration site signaling pathway (Wnt) signaling guided by pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 2 (DAAM2) was also profound. In addition, deficiency in retinoic acid and thyroxine transport was exhibited by the dramatic increase of transthyretin (TTHY). The molecular interplay between the identified serological markers leads to pathologies in fetal development on the background of a diabetic condition. These warning serological markers can be quantitatively examined, and their profile may reflect different severe types of diabetic fetopathy, producing a beneficial effect on the current standard care for pregnant women and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur T. Kopylov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Papysheva
- S.S. Yudin 7th State Clinical Hospital, 4 Kolomenskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Iveta Gribova
- N.E. Bauman 29th State Clinical Hospital, 2 Hospitalnaya sq., Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna L. Kaysheva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Kotaysch
- N.E. Bauman 29th State Clinical Hospital, 2 Hospitalnaya sq., Moscow, Russia
| | - Lubov Kharitonova
- N.I. Pirogov Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova st., Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Malik K. Nurbekov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltyiskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Schipkova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltyiskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Terekhina
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltyiskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey G. Morozov
- N.E. Bauman 29th State Clinical Hospital, 2 Hospitalnaya sq., Moscow, Russia
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltyiskaya str., Moscow, Russia
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11
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Abooshahab R, Al-Salami H, Dass CR. The increasing role of pigment epithelium-derived factor in metastasis: from biological importance to a promising target. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114787. [PMID: 34571004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a non-inhibitory member of the serpin (serine protease inhibitor) family and is a well-known potent anti-tumor factor in a variety of cancers. It has been ascertained that PEDF regulates multiple metastatic processes through various plausible mechanisms, including inhibiting angiogenesis, inducing apoptosis, stimulating extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and suppressing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Although PEDF has been recognized as an anti-metastatic marker in most studies, its role remains controversial with conflicting reports of PEDF as a metastatic marker. The emerging insights into the mechanism(s) of PEDF in tumor progression and its therapeutic effects are discussed systematically in this review, aiming to improve our understanding in the context of metastasis and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Abooshahab
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley 6102, Australia.
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12
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Lauterlein JJL, Gossiel F, Weigl M, Eastell R, Hackl M, Hermann P, Bollerslev J, Frost M. Development of the Bone Phenotype and microRNA Profile in Adults With Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 5-High Bone Mass (LRP5-HBM) Disease. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10534. [PMID: 34532618 PMCID: PMC8441296 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the Wnt‐pathway co‐receptor low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor‐related protein 5 (LRP5) cause high bone mass (LRP5‐HBM) due to insensitivity to the endogenous antagonist of Wnt‐signaling. Although indicating incessant progression of BMD and biomarkers reflecting bone formation, this has not been confirmed in individuals with LRP5‐HBM. We investigated how the LRP5‐HBM bone phenotype changes with age in adults and is associated with quantitative changes of bone turnover markers and bone‐related microRNAs (miRNAs) in the circulation. Whole body, lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck areal BMD (aBMD) and radial and tibial bone microarchitecture and geometry were assessed using DXA and HR‐pQCT scans of 15 individuals with LRP5‐HBMT253I (11 women; median age 51 years; range, 19 to 85 years) with a time interval between scans of 5.8 years (range, 4.9 to 7.6 years). Fasting P1NP and CTX were measured in 14 LRP5‐HBMT253I individuals and age‐, sex‐, and body mass index (BMI)‐matched controls, and 187 preselected miRNAs were quantified using qPCR in 12 individuals and age‐, sex‐, and BMI‐matched controls. DXA and HR‐pQCT scans were assessed in subjects who had reached peak bone mass (aged >25 years, n = 12). Femoral neck aBMD decreased by 0.8%/year (p = 0.01) and total hip by 0.3%/year, and radial volumetric BMD (vBMD) increased 0.3%/year (p = 0.03). Differences in bone turnover markers at follow‐up were not observed. Compared to controls, 11 of the 178 detectable miRNAs were downregulated and none upregulated in LRP5‐HBM individuals, and five of the downregulated miRNAs are reported to be involved in Wnt‐signaling. Bone loss at the hip in LRP5‐HBM individuals demonstrates that the bone phenotype does not uniformly progress with age. Differentially expressed miRNAs may reflect changes in the regulation of bone turnover and balance in LRP5‐HBM individuals. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens-Jacob Lindegaard Lauterlein
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Fatma Gossiel
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | | | - Richard Eastell
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | | | - Pernille Hermann
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Jens Bollerslev
- Department of Endocrinology Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway.,Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Morten Frost
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Centre Odense Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
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13
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Shang Z, Li C, Liu X, Xu M, Zhang X, Li X, Barnstable CJ, Zhao S, Tombran-Tink J. PEDF Gene Deletion Disrupts Corneal Innervation and Ocular Surface Function. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:18. [PMID: 34132748 PMCID: PMC8212434 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.7.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The cornea is richly innervated by the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and its function supported by secretions from the adjacent lacrimal (LG) and meibomian glands (MG). In this study we examined how pigment epithelium–derived factor (PEDF) gene deletion affects the cornea structure and function. Methods We used PEDF hemizygous and homozygous knockout mice to study effects of PEDF deficiency on corneal innervation assessed by beta tubulin staining, mRNA expression of trophic factors, and PEDF receptors by adjacent supporting glands, corneal sensitivity measured using a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer, and tear production using phenol red cotton thread wetting. Results Loss of PEDF was accompanied by reduced corneal innervation and sensitivity, increased corneal surface injury and tear production, thinning of the corneal stroma and loss of stromal cells. PEDF mRNA was expressed in the cornea and its supporting tissues, the TG, LG, and MG. Deletion of one or both PEDF alleles resulted in decreased expression of essential trophic support in the TG, LG, and MG including nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor, and GDNF with significantly increased levels of NT-3 in the LG and decreased EGF expression in the cornea. Decreased transcription of the putative PEDF receptors, adipose triglyceride lipase, lipoprotein receptor–related protein 6, laminin receptor, PLXDC1, and PLXDC2 was also evident in the TG, LG and MG with the first three showing increased levels in corneas of the Pedf+/− and Pedf−/− mice compared to wildtype controls. Constitutive inactivation of ERK1/2 and Akt was pronounced in the TG and cornea, although their protein levels were dramatically increased in Pedf−/− mice. Conclusions This study highlights an essential role for PEDF in corneal structure and function and confirms the reported rescue of exogenous PEDF treatment in corneal pathologies. The pleiotropic effects of PEDF deletion on multiple trophic factors, receptors and signaling molecules are strong indications that PEDF is a key coordinator of molecular mechanisms that maintain corneal function and could be exploited in therapeutic options for several ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenying Shang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Manhong Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Colin J Barnstable
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Shaozhen Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Joyce Tombran-Tink
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
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14
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Jain D, Torres R, Celli R, Koelmel J, Charkoftaki G, Vasiliou V. Evolution of the liver biopsy and its future. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 6:20. [PMID: 33824924 PMCID: PMC7829074 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2020.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver biopsies are commonly used to evaluate a wide variety of medical disorders, including neoplasms and post-transplant complications. However, its use is being impacted by improved clinical diagnosis of disorders, and non-invasive methods for evaluating liver tissue and as a result the indications of a liver biopsy have undergone major changes in the last decade. The evolution of highly effective treatments for some of the common indications for liver biopsy in the last decade (e.g., viral hepatitis B and C) has led to a decline in the number of liver biopsies in recent years. At the same time, the emergence of better technologies for histologic evaluation, tissue content analysis and genomics are among the many new and exciting developments in the field that hold great promise for the future and are going to shape the indications for a liver biopsy in the future. Recent advances in slide scanners now allow creation of "digital/virtual" slides that have image of the entire tissue section present in a slide [whole slide imaging (WSI)]. WSI can now be done very rapidly and at very high resolution, allowing its use in routine clinical practice. In addition, a variety of technologies have been developed in recent years that use different light sources and/or microscopes allowing visualization of tissues in a completely different way. One such technique that is applicable to liver specimens combines multiphoton microscopy (MPM) with advanced clearing and fluorescent stains known as Clearing Histology with MultiPhoton Microscopy (CHiMP). Although it has not yet been extensively validated, the technique has the potential to decrease inefficiency, reduce artifacts, and increase data while being readily integrable into clinical workflows. Another technology that can provide rapid and in-depth characterization of thousands of molecules in a tissue sample, including liver tissues, is matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. MALDI has already been applied in a clinical research setting with promising diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, as well as being able to elucidate mechanisms of liver diseases that may be targeted for the development of new therapies. The logical next step in huge data sets obtained from such advanced analysis of liver tissues is the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms and application of artificial intelligence (AI), for automated generation of diagnoses and prognoses. This review discusses the evolving role of liver biopsies in clinical practice over the decades, and describes newer technologies that are likely to have a significant impact on how they will be used in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanpat Jain
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard Torres
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Romulo Celli
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeremy Koelmel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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15
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Lewis JJ, Van Belleghem SM, Papa R, Danko CG, Reed RD. Many functionally connected loci foster adaptive diversification along a neotropical hybrid zone. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/39/eabb8617. [PMID: 32978147 PMCID: PMC7518860 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb8617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the genetic complexity of adaptation and trait evolution is a major emphasis of evolutionary biology and genetics. Incongruent findings from genetic studies have resulted in conceptual models ranging from a few large-effect loci to massively polygenic architectures. Here, we combine chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, Hi-C, RNA sequencing, and 40 whole-genome sequences from Heliconius butterflies to show that red color pattern diversification occurred via many genomic loci. We find that the red wing pattern master regulatory transcription factor Optix binds dozens of loci also under selection, which frequently form three-dimensional adaptive hubs with selection acting on multiple physically interacting genes. Many Optix-bound genes under selection are tied to pigmentation and wing development, and these loci collectively maintain separation between adaptive red color pattern phenotypes in natural populations. We propose a model of trait evolution where functional connections between loci may resolve much of the disparity between large-effect and polygenic evolutionary models.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Lewis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Riccardo Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Charles G Danko
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Robert D Reed
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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16
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Cheng Y, Fu Y, Wang Y, Wang J. The m6A Methyltransferase METTL3 Is Functionally Implicated in DLBCL Development by Regulating m6A Modification in PEDF. Front Genet 2020; 11:955. [PMID: 33061938 PMCID: PMC7481464 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of lymphoma, whose treatment still has a major challenge of achieving a satisfactory curative effect. The underlying mechanisms also have not been fully illustrated. N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) has been identified as the most prevalent internal modification of mRNAs present in eukaryotes, which is involved in the pathogenesis of cancers. It remains unclear how m6A mRNA methylation is functionally linked to the pathogenesis of DLBCL. In this study, we sought to explore the roles of METTL3 on DLBCL development. The results showed that m6A level for RNA methylation and the expression level of METTL3 were upregulated in DLBCL tissues and cell lines. Functionally, downregulated METTL3 expression in DLBCL cells inhibited the cell proliferation ability. Further mechanism analysis indicated that METTL3 knockdown abates the m6A methylation and total mRNA level of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). However, Wnt/β-catenin signaling was not thus activated. Overexpressed PEDF abrogates the inhibition of cell proliferation in DLBCL cells that is caused by METTL3 silence. In summary, the above-mentioned results demonstrated that the METTL3 promotes DLBCL progression by regulating the m6A level of PEDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Department of Hematology, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Hematology, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Jinbi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, China
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Pigment epithelium-derived factor alleviates depressive-like behaviors in mice by modulating adult hippocampal synaptic growth and Wnt pathway. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 98:109792. [PMID: 31676463 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF, also known as SERPINF1) is a secreted glycoprotein with neuroprotective effects. However, the potential role of PEDF in major depressive disorder (MDD) remains largely unknown. Here, applying two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) proteomics, we found that PEDF levels were significantly decreased in the plasma of 12 first-episode treatment-naïve MDD patients (FETND) compared to the levels in 12 healthy controls (HCs). PEDF levels were especially lower in MDD patients than in HCs and patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), and elevated PEDF were consistent with decreased HAM-D scores in patients given antidepressant therapy (ADT). Animal research indicated that PEDF was decreased in the periphery and hippocampus of two well-known depression rodent models (the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model and chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) mouse model). Decreased PEDF levels in the hippocampus led to depressive-like behaviors, synaptic impairments and aberrant Wnt signaling in C57BL mice, while increased PEDF resulted in the opposite results. Mechanistic studies indicated that PEDF contributes to dendritic growth and Wnt signaling activation in the hippocampus of adult mice. Taken together, the results of our study demonstrate the involvement of PEDF and its related mechanism in depression, thus providing translational evidence suggesting that PEDF may be a novel therapeutic target for depression.
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18
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Stem Cell Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Future Perspectives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1237:97-119. [PMID: 31728916 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of cancer and results in a high mortality rate worldwide. Unfortunately, most cases of HCC are diagnosed in an advanced stage, resulting in a poor prognosis and ineffective treatment. HCC is often resistant to both radiotherapy and chemotherapy, resulting in a high recurrence rate. Although the use of stem cells is evolving into a potentially effective approach for the treatment of cancer, few studies on stem cell therapy in HCC have been published. The administration of stem cells from bone marrow, adipose tissue, the amnion, and the umbilical cord to experimental animal models of HCC has not yielded consistent responses. However, it is possible to induce the apoptosis of cancer cells, repress angiogenesis, and cause tumor regression by administration of genetically modified stem cells. New alternative approaches to cancer therapy, such as the use of stem cell derivatives, exosomes or stem cell extracts, have been proposed. In this review, we highlight these experimental approaches for the use of stem cells as a vehicle for local drug delivery.
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19
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Michalczyk ER, Chen L, Maia MB, DiPietro LA. A Role for Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 6 in Blood Vessel Regression in Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2020; 9:1-8. [PMID: 31871825 PMCID: PMC6918844 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The healing of skin wounds is typified by a pattern of robust angiogenesis followed by vascular regression. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a recognized endogenous antiangiogenic protein, regulates vascular regression in resolving wounds through an unknown receptor. Among the multiple receptors for PEDF that have been identified, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (Lrp6) has been described as a regulator of angiogenesis in multiple systems. The purpose of the current study was to determine if the Lrp6 receptor plays a role in vessel regression in wounds. Approach: Excisional skin wounds were prepared on C57BL/6 mice. RT-PCR and immunoblots were performed to measure Lrp6 expression over a time course of wound healing. Immunohistochemistry was performed to localize Lrp6 in both recombinant PEDF (rPEDF)-treated and control wounds. To examine whether Lrp6 is critical to the regulation of capillary regression in vivo, wounds were treated with Lrp6 siRNA to minimize its presence in wounds. Immunohistochemistry for CD31 was performed to quantify blood vessel density. Results: PCR and immunoblots revealed significant increases in Lrp6 expression during the vascular regression phase of wound healing. Lrp6 was found to colocalize with CD31+ endothelial cells in wounds. The addition of rPEDF to wounds caused an increase in Lrp6-CD31+ endothelial cell colocalization. Inhibition of Lrp6 by siRNA impeded the vascular regression phase of healing. Innovation: This study is the first to demonstrate an association between Lrp6 and vessel regression in wound healing. Conclusion: Lrp6 is expressed in wounds in a temporal and spatial manner that suggests it may be a receptor for PEDF during vascular regression. PEDF increases Lrp6 expression in the wound vasculature, and inhibition of Lrp6 blocked vascular regression in wounds. The results suggest that Lrp6 is important to vascular regression in wounds, possibly through direct interaction with PEDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Michalczyk
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lin Chen
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mariana B. Maia
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Luisa A. DiPietro
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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20
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Chen Y, Li N, Xu B, Wu M, Yan X, Zhong L, Cai H, Wang T, Wang Q, Long F, Jiang G, Xiao H. Polymer-based nanoparticles for chemo/gene-therapy: Evaluation its therapeutic efficacy and toxicity against colorectal carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109257. [PMID: 31377472 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination treatment through simultaneous delivery of anticancer drugs and gene with nano-formulation has been demonstrated to be an elegant and efficient approach for colorectal cancer therapy. Recently, sorafenib being studied in combination therapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) attracted attention of researchers. On the basis of our previous study, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) loaded nanoparticles showed good effect on CRC in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we designed a combination therapy for sorafenib (Sora), a multi-kinase inhibitor and PEDF, a powerful antiangiogenic gene, in a nano-formulation aimed to increase anti-tumor effect on CRC for the first time. Sora and PEDF were simultaneously encapsulated in PEG-PLGA based nanoparticles by a modified double-emulsion solvent evaporation method. The obtained co-encapsulated nanoparticles (Sora@PEDF-NPs) showed high entrapment efficiency of both Sora and PEDF - and exhibited a uniform spherical morphology. The release profiles of Sora and PEDF were in a sustained manner. The most effective tumor growth inhibition in the C26 cells and C26-bearing mice was observed in the Sora@PEDF-NPs in comparison with none-drug nanoparticles, free Sora, mono-drug nanoparticles (Sora-NPs and PEDF-NPs) and the mixture of Sora-NPs and equivalent PEDF-NPs (Mix-NPs). More importantly, Sora@PEDF-NPs showed lower toxicity than free Sora in mice according to the acute toxicity test. The serologic biochemical analysis and mice body weight during therapeutic period revealed that Sora@PEDF-NPs had no obvious toxicity. All the data demonstrated that the simultaneously loaded nanoparticles with multi-kinase inhibitor and anti-angiogenic gene might be one of the most potential formulations in the treatment of colorectal carcinoma in clinic and worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital&Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - NingXi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Bei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - XiaoYan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - LiJun Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital&Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital&Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital&Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - QiuJu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital&Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - FangYi Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital&Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - HongTao Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital&Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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21
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Fekry B, Ribas-Latre A, Baumgartner C, Deans JR, Kwok C, Patel P, Fu L, Berdeaux R, Sun K, Kolonin MG, Wang SH, Yoo SH, Sladek FM, Eckel-Mahan K. Incompatibility of the circadian protein BMAL1 and HNF4α in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4349. [PMID: 30341289 PMCID: PMC6195513 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) is a master regulator of liver-specific gene expression with potent tumor suppressor activity, yet many liver tumors express HNF4α. This study reveals that P1-HNF4α, the predominant isoform expressed in the adult liver, inhibits expression of tumor promoting genes in a circadian manner. In contrast, an additional isoform of HNF4α, driven by an alternative promoter (P2-HNF4α), is induced in HNF4α-positive human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). P2-HNF4α represses the circadian clock gene ARNTL (BMAL1), which is robustly expressed in healthy hepatocytes, and causes nuclear to cytoplasmic re-localization of P1-HNF4α. We reveal mechanisms underlying the incompatibility of BMAL1 and P2-HNF4α in HCC, and demonstrate that forced expression of BMAL1 in HNF4α-positive HCC prevents the growth of tumors in vivo. These data suggest that manipulation of the circadian clock in HNF4α-positive HCC could be a tractable strategy to inhibit tumor growth and progression in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baharan Fekry
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aleix Ribas-Latre
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Corrine Baumgartner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan R Deans
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Christopher Kwok
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pooja Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Loning Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rebecca Berdeaux
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mikhail G Kolonin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sidney H Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Frances M Sladek
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Kristin Eckel-Mahan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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22
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Li F, Cain JD, Tombran-Tink J, Niyibizi C. Pigment epithelium derived factor regulates human Sost/Sclerostin and other osteocyte gene expression via the receptor and induction of Erk/GSK-3beta/beta-catenin signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3449-3458. [PMID: 30076958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in Serpinf1 gene which encodes pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) lead to osteogenesis imperfecta type VI whose hallmark is defective mineralization. We reported that PEDF suppressed expression of Sost/Sclerostin and other osteocyte related genes in mineralizing osteoblast cultures and suggested that this could be part of the mechanisms by which PEDF regulates matrix mineralization (Li et al. J Cellular Phys. 2014). We have used a long-term differentiated mineralizing osteoblast culture (LTD) to define mechanisms by which PEDF regulates osteocyte gene expression. LTD cultures were established by culturing human osteoblasts in an osteogenic medium for 4 months followed by analysis of osteocytes related genes and encoded proteins. LTD cells synthesized Sclerostin, matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) and dentin matrix protein (DMP-1) and their synthesis was reduced by treatment with PEDF. Treatment of the cultures with PEDF induced phosphorylation of Erk and glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK-3β), and accumulation of nonphosphorylated β-catenin. Inhibition of Erk activation and neutralizing antibodies to the pigment epithelium derived receptor (PEDF-R) suppressed GSK-3β phosphorylation and accumulation of nonphosphorylated β-catenin in presence of PEDF. Topflash assays demonstrated that PEDF activated luciferase reporter activity and this activity was inhibited by treatment with Erk inhibitor or neutralizing antibodies to PEDF-R. Dickkopf-related protein 1 treatment of the cells in presence of PEDF had minimal effect suggesting that GSK-3β phosphorylation and accumulation of nonphosphorylayted β-catenin may not involve LRP5/6 in osteocytes. Taken together, the data demonstrate that PEDF regulates osteocyte gene expression through its receptor and possible involvement of Erk/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jarret D Cain
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Joyce Tombran-Tink
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Christopher Niyibizi
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State college of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Nardi F, Fitchev P, Franco OE, Ivanisevic J, Scheibler A, Hayward SW, Brendler CB, Welte MA, Crawford SE. PEDF regulates plasticity of a novel lipid-MTOC axis in prostate cancer-associated fibroblasts. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.213579. [PMID: 29792311 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.213579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate tumors make metabolic adaptations to ensure adequate energy and amplify cell cycle regulators, such as centrosomes, to sustain their proliferative capacity. It is not known whether cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) undergo metabolic re-programming. We postulated that CAFs augment lipid storage and amplify centrosomal or non-centrosomal microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) through a pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF)-dependent lipid-MTOC signaling axis. Primary human normal prostate fibroblasts (NFs) and CAFs were evaluated for lipid content, triacylglycerol-regulating proteins, MTOC number and distribution. CAFs were found to store more neutral lipids than NFs. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and PEDF were strongly expressed in NFs, whereas CAFs had minimal to undetectable levels of PEDF or ATGL protein. At baseline, CAFs demonstrated MTOC amplification when compared to 1-2 perinuclear MTOCs consistently observed in NFs. Treatment with PEDF or blockade of lipogenesis suppressed lipid content and MTOC number. In summary, our data support that CAFs have acquired a tumor-like phenotype by re-programming lipid metabolism and amplifying MTOCs. Normalization of MTOCs by restoring PEDF or by blocking lipogenesis highlights a previously unrecognized plasticity in centrosomes, which is regulated through a new lipid-MTOC axis.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nardi
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Research Institute, Affiliate of University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, United States
| | - Philip Fitchev
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Research Institute, Affiliate of University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, United States
| | - Omar E Franco
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Research Institute, Affiliate of University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, United States
| | - Jelena Ivanisevic
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Research Institute, Affiliate of University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, United States
| | - Adrian Scheibler
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Research Institute, Affiliate of University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, United States
| | - Simon W Hayward
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Research Institute, Affiliate of University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, United States
| | - Charles B Brendler
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Research Institute, Affiliate of University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, United States
| | - Michael A Welte
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States
| | - Susan E Crawford
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Research Institute, Affiliate of University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, United States
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24
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Quantitative Secretomics Reveals Extrinsic Signals Involved in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Cardiomyogenesis. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1800102. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Kang H, Aryal A C S, Marini JC. Osteogenesis imperfecta: new genes reveal novel mechanisms in bone dysplasia. Transl Res 2017; 181:27-48. [PMID: 27914223 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a skeletal dysplasia characterized by fragile bones and short stature and known for its clinical and genetic heterogeneity which is now understood as a collagen-related disorder. During the last decade, research has made remarkable progress in identifying new OI-causing genes and beginning to understand the intertwined molecular and biochemical mechanisms of their gene products. Most cases of OI have dominant inheritance. Each new gene for recessive OI, and a recently identified gene for X-linked OI, has shed new light on its (often previously unsuspected) function in bone biology. Here, we summarize the literature that has contributed to our current understanding of the pathogenesis of OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeseog Kang
- Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Md
| | - Smriti Aryal A C
- Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Md
| | - Joan C Marini
- Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Md.
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26
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Gong J, Belinsky G, Sagheer U, Zhang X, Grippo PJ, Chung C. Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor (PEDF) Blocks Wnt3a Protein-induced Autophagy in Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasms. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22074-22085. [PMID: 27557659 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.729962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in autophagy characterizes pancreatic carcinogenesis, but the signals that regulate this process are incompletely understood. Because canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling is necessary for the transition from early to advanced pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions, we assessed whether Wnt ligands and endogenous inhibitors of Wnt signaling modulate autophagy. In this study, canonical Wnt3a ligand induced autophagy markers and vacuoles in murine PanIN cells. Furthermore, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a secreted glycoprotein known for its anti-tumor properties, blocked Wnt3a-directed induction of autophagy proteins. Autophagy inhibition was complemented by reciprocal regulation of the oxidative stress enzymes, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and catalase. Transcriptional control of Sod2 expression was mediated by PEDF-induced NFκB nuclear translocation. PEDF-dependent SOD2 expression in PanIN lesions was recapitulated in a murine model of PanIN formation where PEDF was deleted. In human PanIN lesions, co-expression of PEDF and SOD2 was observed in the majority of early PanIN lesions (47/50, 94%), whereas PEDF and SOD2 immunolocalization in high-grade human PanIN-2/3 was uncommon (7/50, 14%). These results indicate that PEDF regulates autophagy through coordinate Wnt signaling blockade and NFκB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Usman Sagheer
- the Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- the Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516 Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Paul J Grippo
- the Department of Medicine, University of Illinois School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, and
| | - Chuhan Chung
- From the Departments of Medicine and the Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516
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27
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Belinsky GS, Ward L, Chung C. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) normalizes matrix defects in iPSCs derived from Osteogenesis imperfecta Type VI. Rare Dis 2016; 4:e1212150. [PMID: 27579219 PMCID: PMC4986704 DOI: 10.1080/21675511.2016.1212150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) Type VI is characterized by a defect in bone mineralization, which results in multiple fractures early in life. Null mutations in the PEDF gene, Serpinf1, are the cause of OI VI. Whether PEDF restoration in a murine model of OI Type VI could improve bone mass and function was previously unknown. In Belinsky et al, we provided evidence that PEDF delivery enhanced bone mass and improved parameters of bone function in vivo. Further, we demonstrated that PEDF temporally inhibits Wnt signaling to enhance osteoblast differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a PEDF null patient provides additional evidence for PEDF's role in regulating extracellular matrix proteins secreted from osteoblasts. PEDF null iPSCs have marked abnormalities in secreted matrix proteins, capturing a key feature of human OI Type VI, which were normalized by exogenous PEDF. Lastly, we place our recent findings within the broader context of PEDF biology and the developmental signaling pathways that are implicated in its actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn S Belinsky
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leanne Ward
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario , Ottawa, Canada
| | - Chuhan Chung
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; VA CT Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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28
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Belinsky GS, Sreekumar B, Andrejecsk JW, Saltzman WM, Gong J, Herzog RI, Lin S, Horsley V, Carpenter TO, Chung C. Pigment epithelium-derived factor restoration increases bone mass and improves bone plasticity in a model of osteogenesis imperfecta type VI via Wnt3a blockade. FASEB J 2016; 30:2837-48. [PMID: 27127101 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500027r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Null mutations in for pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), the protein product of the SERPINF1 gene, are the cause of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type VI. The PEDF-knockout (KO) mouse captures crucial elements of the human disease, including diminished bone mineralization and propensity to fracture. Our group and others have demonstrated that PEDF directs human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) commitment to the osteoblast lineage and modulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a major regulator of bone development; however, the ability of PEDF to restore bone mass in a mouse model of OI type VI has not been determined. In this study, PEDF delivery increased trabecular bone volume/total volume by 52% in 6-mo-old PEDF-KO mice but not in wild-type mice. In young (19-d-old) PEDF-KO mice, PEDF restoration increased bone volume fraction by 35% and enhanced biomechanical parameters of bone plasticity. A Wnt-green fluorescent protein reporter demonstrated dynamic changes in Wnt/β-catenin signaling characterized by early activation and marked suppression during terminal differentiation of hMSCs. Continuous Wnt3a exposure impeded mineralization of hMSCs, whereas the combination of Wnt3a and PEDF potentiated mineralization. Interrogation of the PEDF sequence identified a conserved motif found in other Wnt modulators, such as the dickkopf proteins. Mutation of a single amino acid on a 34-mer PEDF peptide increased mineralization of hMSC cultures compared with the native peptide sequence. These results indicate that PEDF counters Wnt signaling to allow for osteoblast differentiation and provides a mechanistic insight into how the PEDF null state results in OI type VI.-Belinsky, G. S., Sreekumar, B., Andrejecsk, J. W., Saltzman, W. M., Gong, J., Herzog, R. I., Lin, S., Horsley, V., Carpenter, T. O., Chung, C. Pigment epithelium-derived factor restoration increases bone mass and improves bone plasticity in a model of osteogenesis imperfecta type VI via Wnt3a blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn S Belinsky
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bharath Sreekumar
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jillian W Andrejecsk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jingjing Gong
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Raimund I Herzog
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Samantha Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas O Carpenter
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chuhan Chung
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor (PEDF) is a Determinant of Stem Cell Fate: Lessons from an Ultra-Rare Disease. J Dev Biol 2015; 3:112-128. [PMID: 27239449 PMCID: PMC4883593 DOI: 10.3390/jdb3040112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PEDF is a secreted glycoprotein that is widely expressed by multiple organs. Numerous functional contributions have been attributed to PEDF with antiangiogenic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and neurotrophic properties among the most prominent. The discovery that null mutations in the PEDF gene results in Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type VI, a rare autosomal recessive bone disease characterized by multiple fractures, highlights a critical developmental function for this protein. This ultra-rare orphan disease has provided biological insights into previous studies that noted PEDF’s effects on various stem cell populations. In addition to bone development, PEDF modulates resident stem cell populations in the brain, muscle, and eye. Functional effects on human embryonic stem cells have also been demonstrated. An overview of recent advances in our understanding by which PEDF regulates stem cells and their potential clinical applications will be evaluated in this review.
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