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Choi KM, Kim SJ, Ji MJ, Kim E, Kim JS, Park HM, Kim JY. Activity-based protein profiling and global proteome analysis reveal MASTL as a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:397. [PMID: 39138495 PMCID: PMC11323684 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignancy with limited therapeutic options for advanced stages. This study aimed to identify novel therapeutic targets for GC by profiling HSP90 client kinases. METHODS We used mass spectrometry-based activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) with a desthiobiotin-ATP probe, combined with sensitivity analysis of HSP90 inhibitors, to profile kinases in a panel of GC cell lines. We identified kinases regulated by HSP90 in inhibitor-sensitive cells and investigated the impact of MASTL knockdown on GC cell behavior. Global proteomic analysis following MASTL knockdown was performed, and bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the resulting data. RESULTS Four kinases-MASTL, STK11, CHEK1, and MET-were identified as HSP90-regulated in HSP90 inhibitor-sensitive cells. Among these, microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-like (MASTL) was upregulated in GC and associated with poor prognosis. MASTL knockdown decreased migration, invasion, and proliferation of GC cells. Global proteomic profiling following MASTL knockdown revealed NEDD4-1 as a potential downstream mediator of MASTL in GC progression. NEDD4-1 was also upregulated in GC and associated with poor prognosis. Similar to MASTL inhibition, NEDD4-1 knockdown suppressed migration, invasion, and proliferation of GC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our multi-proteomic analyses suggest that targeting MASTL could be a promising therapy for advanced gastric cancer, potentially through the reduction of tumor-promoting proteins including NEDD4-1. This study enhances our understanding of kinase signaling pathways in GC and provides new insights for potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Min Choi
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Ji
- Advanced Analysis and Data Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02456, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Natural Product Informatics Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mee Park
- Advanced Analysis and Data Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02456, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Yen H, Chen P, Huang RY, Jeng J, Lai I. Clinicopathological features and cancer transcriptomic profiling of poorly cohesive gastric carcinoma subtypes. J Pathol Clin Res 2024; 10:e12387. [PMID: 38860888 PMCID: PMC11165978 DOI: 10.1002/2056-4538.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Gastric poorly cohesive carcinoma (PCC) manifests with a diffuse pattern and diverse tumor cell morphologies, often indicating a more unfavorable prognosis. Recent consensus has reclassified PCC based on the proportion of signet-ring cells (SRCs) in tumors for research purposes. The two most distinct subtypes, poorly cohesive carcinoma not otherwise specified (PCC-NOS) and signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC), are characterized by less than 10% and more than 90% SRCs, respectively. However, research comparing the clinicopathological and transcriptomic differences between these subtypes remains limited. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of clinicopathological features in 55 advanced-stage PCCs, consisting of 43 PCC-NOS and 12 SRCC cases. Subsequently, 12 PCC-NOS and 5 SRCC cases were randomly selected for initial cancer-related gene expression profiling and pathway enrichment analysis using the GeoMx digital spatial profiler, followed by validation in a separate validation group comprising 16 PCC-NOS and 6 SRCC cases. These transcriptomic findings were then correlated with tumor morphology and clinicopathological data. PCC-NOS cases exhibited larger tumor size, a higher prevalence of pathological N3 disease, and a worse 1-year progression-free survival rate compared to SRCC cases. Clustering of PCC-NOS and SRCC was successfully achieved using the GeoMx Cancer Transcriptome Atlas. Among all studied genes, only MMP7 showed differential expression, with its overexpression significantly associated with the PCC-NOS subtype, increased perineural invasion, and earlier disease progression. Pathway analysis revealed significantly enriched pathways in PCC-NOS related to vesicle-mediated transport, adaptive immune systems, oncogenic signaling, and extracellular matrix organization, while SRCC displayed significant enrichment in pathways associated with respiratory electron transport and the cell cycle. In conclusion, this study compares and correlates clinicopathological features and transcriptomic data between PCC-NOS and SRCC at advanced stages, employing the latest consensus classification and a novel platform for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung‐Hsuan Yen
- Department of SurgeryNational Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu BranchHsinchuTaiwan
- Department of SurgeryNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Pin‐Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ruby Yun‐Ju Huang
- School of Medicine, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jung‐Ming Jeng
- Department of PathologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - I‐Rue Lai
- Department of SurgeryNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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3
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Matsuoka T, Yashiro M. Bioinformatics Analysis and Validation of Potential Markers Associated with Prediction and Prognosis of Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5880. [PMID: 38892067 PMCID: PMC11172243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed at the progressive stage of the disease, and current anticancer drug advancements are still lacking. Therefore, it is crucial to find relevant biomarkers with the accurate prediction of prognoses and good predictive accuracy to select appropriate patients with GC. Recent advances in molecular profiling technologies, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have enabled the approach of GC biology at multiple levels of omics interaction networks. Systemic biological analyses, such as computational inference of "big data" and advanced bioinformatic approaches, are emerging to identify the key molecular biomarkers of GC, which would benefit targeted therapies. This review summarizes the current status of how bioinformatics analysis contributes to biomarker discovery for prognosis and prediction of therapeutic efficacy in GC based on a search of the medical literature. We highlight emerging individual multi-omics datasets, such as genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, for validating putative markers. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives to integrate multi-omics analysis for improving biomarker implementation. The practical integration of bioinformatics analysis and multi-omics datasets under complementary computational analysis is having a great impact on the search for predictive and prognostic biomarkers and may lead to an important revolution in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Matsuoka
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 5458585, Japan;
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 5458585, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 5458585, Japan;
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 5458585, Japan
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4
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Díaz Del Arco C, Fernández Aceñero MJ, Ortega Medina L. Molecular Classifications in Gastric Cancer: A Call for Interdisciplinary Collaboration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2649. [PMID: 38473896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a heterogeneous disease, often diagnosed at advanced stages, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 20%. Despite notable technological advancements in cancer research over the past decades, their impact on GC management and outcomes has been limited. Numerous molecular alterations have been identified in GC, leading to various molecular classifications, such as those developed by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG). Other authors have proposed alternative perspectives, including immune, proteomic, or epigenetic-based classifications. However, molecular stratification has not yet transitioned into clinical practice for GC, and little attention has been paid to alternative molecular classifications. In this review, we explore diverse molecular classifications in GC from a practical point of view, emphasizing their relationships with clinicopathological factors, prognosis, and therapeutic approaches. We have focused on classifications beyond those of TCGA and the ACRG, which have been less extensively reviewed previously. Additionally, we discuss the challenges that must be overcome to ensure their impact on patient treatment and prognosis. This review aims to serve as a practical framework to understand the molecular landscape of GC, facilitate the development of consensus molecular categories, and guide the design of innovative molecular studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Díaz Del Arco
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Fernández Aceñero
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Ortega Medina
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Orășeanu A, Brisc MC, Maghiar OA, Popa H, Brisc CM, Șolea SF, Maghiar TA, Brisc C. Landscape of Innovative Methods for Early Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3608. [PMID: 38132192 PMCID: PMC10742893 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13243608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
From a global perspective, gastric cancer (GC) persists as a significant healthcare issue. In the Western world, the majority of cases are discovered at late stages, when the treatment is generally unsuccessful. There are no organized screening programs outside of Asia (Japan and Republic of Korea). Traditional diagnosis techniques (such as upper endoscopy), conventional tumor markers (CEA, CA19-9, and CA72-4), radiographic imaging, and CT scanning all have drawbacks. The gold standard for the earliest detection of cancer and related premalignant lesions is still endoscopy with a proper biopsy follow-up. Since there are currently no clinically approved biomarkers for the early diagnosis of GC, the identification of non-invasive biomarkers is expected to help improve the prognosis and survival rate of these patients. The search for new screening biomarkers is currently underway. These include genetic biomarkers, such as circulating tumor cells, microRNAs, and exosomes, as well as metabolic biomarkers obtained from biofluids. Meanwhile, cutting-edge high-resolution endoscopic technologies are demonstrating promising outcomes in the visual diagnosis of mucosal lesions with the aid of linked color imaging and machine learning models. Following the PRISMA guidelines, this study examined the articles in databases such as PubMed, resulting in 167 included articles. This review discusses the currently available and emerging methods for diagnosing GC early on, as well as new developments in the endoscopic detection of early lesions of the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Orășeanu
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Bihor Clinical County Emergency Hospital, 410169 Oradea, Romania; (A.O.); (S.F.Ș.)
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (O.A.M.); (T.A.M.); (C.B.)
| | | | - Octavian Adrian Maghiar
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (O.A.M.); (T.A.M.); (C.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Horia Popa
- Clinical Emergency Hospital “Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu”, 011356 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ciprian Mihai Brisc
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Sabina Florina Șolea
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Bihor Clinical County Emergency Hospital, 410169 Oradea, Romania; (A.O.); (S.F.Ș.)
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (O.A.M.); (T.A.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Teodor Andrei Maghiar
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (O.A.M.); (T.A.M.); (C.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Ciprian Brisc
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (O.A.M.); (T.A.M.); (C.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania;
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6
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Lin Y, Jing X, Chen Z, Pan X, Xu D, Yu X, Zhong F, Zhao L, Yang C, Wang B, Wang S, Ye Y, Shen Z. Histone deacetylase-mediated tumor microenvironment characteristics and synergistic immunotherapy in gastric cancer. Theranostics 2023; 13:4574-4600. [PMID: 37649598 PMCID: PMC10465215 DOI: 10.7150/thno.86928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies have shown that the expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is significantly related to the tumor microenvironment (TME) in gastric cancer. However, the expression of a single molecule or several molecules does not accurately reflect the TME characteristics or guide immunotherapy in gastric cancer. Methods: We constructed an HDAC score (HDS) based on the expression level of HDACs. The single-cell transcriptome was used to analyze the underlying factors contributing to differences in immune infiltration between patients with a high and low HDS. In vitro and in vivo experiments validated the strategy of transforming cold tumors into hot tumors to guide immunotherapy. Results: According to the expression characteristics of HDACs, we constructed an HDS model to characterize the TME. We found that patients with a high HDS had stronger immunogenicity and could benefit more from immunotherapy than those with a low score. The AUC value of the HDS combined with the combined positive score (CPS)for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy was as high as 0.96. By single-cell and paired bulk transcriptome sequencing analysis, we found that the infiltration levels of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and NK cells were significantly decreased in the low HDS group, which may be induced by MYH11+ fibroblasts, CD234+ endothelial cells and CCL17+ pDCs via the MIF signaling pathway. Inhibition of the MIF signaling pathway was confirmed to potentially enhance immune infiltration. In addition, our analysis revealed that GPX4 inhibitors might be effective for patients with a low HDS. GPX4 knockout significantly inhibited PD-L1 expression and promoted the infiltration and activation of CD8+ T cells. Conclusion: We constructed an HDS model based on the HDAC expression characteristics of gastric cancer. This model was used to evaluate TME characteristics and predict immunotherapy efficacy. Inhibition of the MIF signaling pathway in the TME and GPX4 expression in tumor cells may be an important strategy for cold tumor synergistic immunotherapy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Xiangxiang Jing
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, PR China
| | - Xiaoxian Pan
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, PR China
| | - Duo Xu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Fengyun Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Changjiang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Yingjiang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Zhanlong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
- Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
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7
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Sinnarasan VSP, Paul D, Das R, Venkatesan A. Gastric Cancer Biomarker Candidates Identified by Machine Learning and Integrative Bioinformatics: Toward Personalized Medicine. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37229622 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2023.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The discovery of robust diagnostic biomarkers for GC remains a challenge. This study sought to identify biomarker candidates for GC by integrating machine learning (ML) and bioinformatics approaches. Transcriptome profiles of patients with GC were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes between the tumor and adjacent normal tissues. Subsequently, we constructed protein-protein interaction networks so as to find the significant hub genes. Along with the bioinformatics integration of ML methods such as support vector machine, the recursive feature elimination was used to select the most informative genes. The analysis unraveled 160 significant genes, with 88 upregulated and 72 downregulated, 10 hub genes, and 12 features from the variable selection method. The integrated analyses found that EXO1, DTL, KIF14, and TRIP13 genes are significant and poised as potential diagnostic biomarkers in relation to GC. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis found KIF14 and TRIP13 are strongly associated with diagnosis of GC. We suggest KIF14 and TRIP13 are considered as biomarker candidates that might potentially inform future research on diagnosis, prognosis, or therapeutic targets for GC. These findings collectively offer new future possibilities for precision/personalized medicine research and development for patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dahrii Paul
- Department for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Rajesh Das
- Department for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Amouda Venkatesan
- Department for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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Giammanco A, Anzalone R, Serra N, Graceffa G, Vieni S, Scibetta N, Rea T, Capra G, Fasciana T. Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr Virus Co-Infection in Gastric Disease: What Is the Correlation with p53 Mutation, Genes Methylation and Microsatellite Instability in a Cohort of Sicilian Population? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098104. [PMID: 37175810 PMCID: PMC10179236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and infectious agents interact in the development of gastric diseases. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has recently been shown to be correlated with these diseases. A cross-sectional study was performed on 100 hospitalized Italian patients with and without gastric diseases. The patients were stratified into four groups. Significant methylation status differences among CDH1, DAPK, COX2, hMLH1 and CDKN2A were observed for coinfected (Hp-EBV group) patients; particularly, a significant presence of COX2 (p = 0.0179) was observed. For microsatellite instability, minor stability was described in the Hp-HBV group (69.23%, p = 0.0456). Finally, for p53 mutation in the EBV group, exon 6 was, significantly, most frequent in comparison to others (p = 0.0124), and in the Hp-EBV group exon 8 was, significantly, most frequent in comparison to others (p < 0.0001). A significant positive relationship was found between patients with infection (Hp, EBV or both) and p53 mutation (rho = 0.383, p = 0.0001), methylation status (rho = 0.432, p < 0.0001) and microsatellite instability (rho = 0.285, p = 0.004). Finally, we observed among infection and methylation status, microsatellite instability, and p53 mutation a significant positive relationship only between infection and methylation status (OR = 3.78, p = 0.0075) and infection and p53 mutation (OR = 6.21, p = 0.0082). According to our analysis, gastric disease in the Sicilian population has different pathways depending on the presence of various factors, including infectious agents such as Hp and EBV and genetic factors of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giammanco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rita Anzalone
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Serra
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II of Naples, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Graceffa
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Vieni
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nunzia Scibetta
- Anatomopathology Unit, Arnas Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli Hospital, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Teresa Rea
- Public Health Department, Federico II University Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Capra
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Teresa Fasciana
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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9
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Kanda M, Terashima M, Kinoshita T, Yabusaki H, Tokunaga M, Kodera Y. A multi-institutional study to evaluate the feasibility of next-generation sequencing and genomic analysis using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsies of gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2023; 26:108-115. [PMID: 36369312 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-022-01351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples acquired and preserved adequately are expected to faithfully maintain tumor characteristics. Endoscopic biopsy tissues represent an attractive resource for identifying predictive biomarkers to evaluate pretreatment responses of patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, whether genomic profiles obtained through next-generation sequencing (NGS) using biopsy samples match well with those gained from surgical FFPE samples remains a concern. METHODS We collected 50 FFPE samples (26 biopsies and 24 surgical samples) from patients with GC who participated in phase III clinical trial JCOG1509. The quality and quantity of FFPE samples were determined for deep sequencing using NGS. We queried a 435-gene panel CANCERPLEX-JP to generate comprehensive genomic profiling data including the tumor mutation burden (TMB). RESULTS The median DNA yields and NGS success rates of biopsy samples compared with surgical samples were 879 ng and 80.8% vs 8523 ng and 100%, respectively. Epstein-Barr virus and microsatellite instability-high were detected in 9.5% of biopsy samples. Comparing the genomic profiles of 18 paired samples for which NGS data were available, we detected identical somatic mutations in paired biopsy and surgical samples (kappa coefficient, 0.8692). TMB positively correlated between paired biopsy and surgical samples (correlation coefficient, 0.6911). CONCLUSIONS NGS is applicable to the analysis of FFPE samples of GC acquired by the endoscopic biopsy, and the data were highly concordant with those obtained from surgical specimens of the same patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | | | - Takahiro Kinoshita
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yabusaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masanori Tokunaga
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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10
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Comprehensive transcriptomic profiling and mutational landscape of primary gastric linitis plastica. Gastric Cancer 2023; 26:203-219. [PMID: 36450891 PMCID: PMC9950178 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-022-01353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary gastric linitis plastica (GLP) is a distinct phenotype of gastric cancer with poor survival. Comprehensive molecular profiles and putative therapeutic targets of GLP remain undetermined. METHODS We subjected 10 tumor-normal tissue pairs to whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS). 10 tumor samples were all GLP which involves 100% of the gastric wall macroscopically. TCGA data were compared to generate the top mutated genes and the overexpressed genes in GLP. RESULTS Our results reveal that GLP has distinctive genomic and transcriptomic features, dysfunction in the Hippo pathway is likely to be a key step during GLP development. 6 genes were identified as significantly highly mutated genes in GLP, including AOX1, ANKRD36C, CPXM1, PTPN14, RPAP1, and DCDC1). MUC6, as a previously identified gastric cancer driver gene, has a high mutation rate (20%) in GLP. 20% of patients in our GLP cohort had CDH1 mutations, while none had RHOA mutations. GLP exhibits high immunodeficiency and low AMPK pathway activity. Our WTS results showed that 3 PI3K-AKT pathway-related genes (PIK3R2, AKT3, and IGF1) were significantly up-regulated in GLP. Two genes were identified using immunohistochemistry (IHC), IGF2BP3 and MUC16, which specifically expressed in diffuse-type-related gastric cancer cell lines, and its knockdown inhibits PI3K-AKT pathway activity. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first integrative genomic and transcriptomic profiles of GLP, which may facilitate its diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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11
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Lin X, Li G, Yan X, Fu W, Ruan J, Ding H, Yu H, Chen X, Lan L, Dai Y, Pan K, Liu X, Zhang H. Long non-coding RNA BC002811 Promotes Gastric Cancer Metastasis by Regulating SOX2 Binding to the PTEN Promoter. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:967-980. [PMID: 36778127 PMCID: PMC9909995 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.76407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of gastric cancer (GC), however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified lncRNA BC002811 as a critical regulator of GC development and progression. BC002811 was upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines, and that high expression of BC002811 was indicative of a reduction in overall survival of GC patients. Our research reveals that BC002811 promoted GC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and inhibition of apoptosis in vitro, as well as accelerated tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. We also found that BC002811 upregulated MMP2 and MMP9 and promoted GC cell metastasis partially through downregulating PTEN expression. BC002811 may act as a molecular decoy for the transcription factor SOX2, thereby inhibiting the transcription of PTEN by blocking SOX2 binding to the PTEN promoter. Our study advances the understanding of the role of BC002811 in the pathogenesis of GC and provides new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention against GC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China.,Peptide and Protein Research and Application Key Laboratory of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Guodan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China.,Peptide and Protein Research and Application Key Laboratory of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuwen Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China.,Peptide and Protein Research and Application Key Laboratory of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiyu Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China.,Peptide and Protein Research and Application Key Laboratory of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Ruan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China.,Peptide and Protein Research and Application Key Laboratory of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Huajun Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China.,Peptide and Protein Research and Application Key Laboratory of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China.,Peptide and Protein Research and Application Key Laboratory of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Liubo Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China.,Peptide and Protein Research and Application Key Laboratory of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Pan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China.,Peptide and Protein Research and Application Key Laboratory of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
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12
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Deng S, Gu J, Jiang Z, Cao Y, Mao F, Xue Y, Wang J, Dai K, Qin L, Liu K, Wu K, He Q, Cai K. Application of nanotechnology in the early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:415. [PMID: 36109734 PMCID: PMC9479390 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) is a common malignant tumour of the digestive system that seriously threatens human health. Due to the unique organ structure of the gastrointestinal tract, endoscopic and MRI diagnoses of GIC in the clinic share the problem of low sensitivity. The ineffectiveness of drugs and high recurrence rates in surgical and drug therapies are the main factors that impact the curative effect in GIC patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve diagnostic accuracies and treatment efficiencies. Nanotechnology is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of GIC by virtue of its unique size advantages and extensive modifiability. In the diagnosis and treatment of clinical GIC, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles, electrochemical nanobiosensors and magnetic nanoparticles, intraoperative imaging nanoparticles, drug delivery systems and other multifunctional nanoparticles have successfully improved the diagnosis and treatment of GIC. It is important to further improve the coordinated development of nanotechnology and GIC diagnosis and treatment. Herein, starting from the clinical diagnosis and treatment of GIC, this review summarizes which nanotechnologies have been applied in clinical diagnosis and treatment of GIC in recent years, and which cannot be applied in clinical practice. We also point out which challenges must be overcome by nanotechnology in the development of the clinical diagnosis and treatment of GIC and discuss how to quickly and safely combine the latest nanotechnology developed in the laboratory with clinical applications. Finally, we hope that this review can provide valuable reference information for researchers who are conducting cross-research on GIC and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghe Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Junnan Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenxing Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yinghao Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Fuwei Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yifan Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Dai
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Le Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Qianyuan He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
| | - Kailin Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
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13
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Sun J, Li X, Chen P, Gao Y. From Anti-HER-2 to Anti-HER-2-CAR-T Cells: An Evolutionary Immunotherapy Approach for Gastric Cancer. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4061-4085. [PMID: 35873388 PMCID: PMC9304417 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s368138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current Therapeutic modalities provide no survival advantage to gastric cancer (GC) patients. Targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) is a viable therapeutic strategy against advanced HER-2 positive GC. Antibody-drug conjugates, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and bispecific antibodies are emerging as novel drug forms that may abrogate the resistance to HER-2-specific drugs and monoclonal antibodies. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-T) targeting HER-2 have shown considerable therapeutic potential in GC and other solid tumors. However, due to the high heterogeneity along with the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of GC that often leads to immune escape, the immunological treatment of GC still faces many challenges. Here, we reviewed and discussed the current progress in the research of anti-HER-2-CAR-T cell immunotherapy against GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongshun Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
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14
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Yin W, Jin J, Bao H, Chen H, Wang C, Cheng G, Wu C, Wu M, Yan J, Wu X, Shao Y, Ni X, Su D. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes-based subtypes and genomic characteristics of EBV- associated lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma. J Pathol 2022; 257:650-662. [PMID: 35451500 DOI: 10.1002/path.5916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) offer a key for morphological diagnosis of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) and are the foundation of onco-immunology. To date, no reports have found a specific risk stratification value of TILs and related it to genomic variation in LELC. Based on the stromal TILs (str-TILs) ratio, we classified 105 EBV-associated LELC cases into two subtypes: patients with ≥ 60% str-TILs area ratio in tumor were classified as subtype I, and otherwise as subtype II. Subtype I patients had significantly better progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). We also explored genomic characteristics of EBV-associated LELC within different involved organs. We performed whole-exome sequencing for 51 patients with enough tissue and analyzed genomic characteristics of EBV-associated LELC. Overall, EBV-associated LELCs were characterized by low somatic mutation rate and copy number variations; the enriched genetic lesions affected RTK-RAS, PI3K and cell cycle pathways. Moreover, EBV-associated LELCs from different organs were more similar to each other genetically as compared with other traditional carcinomas of the same sites -as evidenced by unsupervised clustering based on the quantitative data from both mutation signature and chromosomal aneuploidies. Notably, EBV-associated LELC patients with oncogenic driver alterations showed a worse prognosis compared with patients without such alterations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- WenJuan Yin
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC)s, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - JiaoYue Jin
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC)s, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hua Bao
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - HanLin Chen
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - CanMing Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC)s, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - GuoPing Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC)s, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - ChaoQi Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC)s, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Meijuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC)s, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Junrong Yan
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xue Wu
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yang Shao
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xinghao Ni
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC)s, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC)s, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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15
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Cheng Y, Qin SK, Li J, Dai GH, Shen BY, Ying JE, Ba Y, Liang H, Wang XB, Xu Y, Zhou L, Ding KF, Qin YR, Yang SJ, Guan WX, Zheng H, Wang Q, Song H, Zhu YP. A multicenter clinical study: personalized medication for advanced gastrointestinal carcinomas with the guidance of patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:673-684. [PMID: 33864522 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establish patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) from advanced GICs and assess the clinical value and applicability of PDTX for the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal cancers. METHODS Patients with advanced GICs were enrolled in a registered multi-center clinical study (ChiCTR-OOC-17012731). The performance of PDTX was evaluated by analyzing factors that affect the engraftment rate, comparing the histological consistency between primary tumors and tumorgrafts, examining the concordance between the drug effectiveness in PDTXs and clinical responses, and identifying genetic variants and other factors associated with prognosis. RESULTS Thirty-three patients were enrolled in the study with the engraftment rate of 75.8% (25/33). The success of engraftment was independent of age, cancer types, pathological stages of tumors, and particularly sampling methods. Tumorgrafts retained the same histopathological characteristics as primary tumors. Forty-nine regimens involving 28 drugs were tested in seventeen tumorgrafts. The median time for drug testing was 134.5 days. Follow-up information was obtained about 10 regimens from 9 patients. The concordance of drug effectiveness between PDTXs and clinical responses was 100%. The tumor mutation burden (TMB) was correlated with the effectiveness of single drug regimens, while the outgrowth time of tumorgrafts was associated with the effectiveness of combined regimens. CONCLUSION The engraftment rate in advanced GICs was higher than that of other cancers and meets the acceptable standard for applying personalized therapeutic strategies. Tumorgrafts from PDTX kept attributes of the primary tumor. Predictions from PDTX modeling closely agreed with clinical drug responses. PDTX may already be clinically applicable for personalized medication in advanced GICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Bayi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-Kui Qin
- Bayi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jin Li
- Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | | | | | - Jie-Er Ying
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Ba
- Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Liang
- Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-Bo Wang
- Eastern Theater General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Shanghai Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- 302 Military Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Feng Ding
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan-Ru Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Wen-Xian Guan
- Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hang Song
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhu
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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16
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Guz M, Jeleniewicz W, Cybulski M. An Insight into miR-1290: An Oncogenic miRNA with Diagnostic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1234. [PMID: 35163157 PMCID: PMC8835968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than two decades, the view of the roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has been radically changing. These RNA molecules that are transcribed from our genome do not have the capacity to encode proteins, but are critical regulators of gene expression at different levels. Our knowledge is constantly enriched by new reports revealing the role of these new molecular players in the development of many pathological conditions, including cancer. One of the ncRNA classes includes short RNA molecules called microRNAs (miRNAs), which are involved in the post-transcriptional control of gene expression affecting various cellular processes. The aberrant expression of miRNAs with oncogenic and tumor-suppressive function is associated with cancer initiation, promotion, malignant transformation, progression and metastasis. Oncogenic miRNAs, also known as oncomirs, mediate the downregulation of tumor-suppressor genes and their expression is upregulated in cancer. Nowadays, miRNAs show promising application in diagnosis, prediction, disease monitoring and therapy response. Our review presents a current view of the oncogenic role of miR-1290 with emphasis on its properties as a cancer biomarker in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Guz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.J.); (M.C.)
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17
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Khalafi S, Zhu S, Khurana R, Lohse I, Giordano S, Corso S, Al-Ali H, Brothers SP, Wahlestedt C, Schürer S, El-Rifai W. A novel strategy for combination of clofarabine and pictilisib is synergistic in gastric cancer. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101260. [PMID: 34735897 PMCID: PMC8571525 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug sensitivity testing identified novel drugs like clofarabine effective in treating gastric cancer. mRNA sequencing can be used to identify agents with synergistic activity to a reference compound. Pictilisib sensitizes gastric cancer to clofarabine treatment through AKT inhibition. The combination of clofarabine and pictilisib inhibits tumor growth in cell lines and PDX models.
Gastric cancer (GC) is frequently characterized by resistance to standard chemotherapeutic regimens and poor clinical outcomes. We aimed to identify a novel therapeutic approach using drug sensitivity testing (DST) and our computational SynerySeq pipeline. DST of GC cell lines was performed with a library of 215 Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approved compounds and identified clofarabine as a potential therapeutic agent. RNA-sequencing (RNAseq) of clofarabine treated GC cells was analyzed according to our SynergySeq pipeline and identified pictilisib as a potential synergistic agent. Clonogenic survival and Annexin V assays demonstrated increased cell death with clofarabine and pictilisib combination treatment (P<0.01). The combination induced double strand breaks (DSB) as indicated by phosphorylated H2A histone family member X (γH2AX) immunofluorescence and western blot analysis (P<0.01). Pictilisib treatment inhibited the protein kinase B (AKT) cell survival pathway and promoted a pro-apoptotic phenotype as evidenced by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) protein family members (P<0.01). Patient derived xenograft (PDX) data confirmed that the combination is more effective in abrogating tumor growth with prolonged survival than single-agent treatment (P<0.01). The novel combination of clofarabine and pictilisib in GC promotes DNA damage and inhibits key cell survival pathways to induce cell death beyond single-agent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Khalafi
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Rosenstiel Medical Science Bldg, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Room 4007, Miami, FL 33136-1015, United States
| | - Shoumin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Rosenstiel Medical Science Bldg, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Room 4007, Miami, FL 33136-1015, United States; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Rimpi Khurana
- Department of Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Ines Lohse
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Molecular Therapeutics Shared Resource, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo 10060, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | - Simona Corso
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo 10060, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | - Hassan Al-Ali
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Peggy and Harold Katz Drug Discovery Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Shaun P Brothers
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Stephan Schürer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Institute for Data Science and Computing, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Rosenstiel Medical Science Bldg, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Room 4007, Miami, FL 33136-1015, United States; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
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18
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Sremac M, Paic F, Grubelic Ravic K, Serman L, Pavicic Dujmovic A, Brcic I, Krznaric Z, Nikuseva Martic T. Aberrant expression of SFRP1, SFRP3, DVL2 and DVL3 Wnt signaling pathway components in diffuse gastric carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:822. [PMID: 34691249 PMCID: PMC8527567 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse gastric carcinoma (DGC) is characterized by poorly cohesive cells, highly invasive growth patterns, poor prognosis and resistance to the majority of available systemic therapeutic strategies. It has been previously reported that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway serves a prominent role in the tumorigenesis of gastric carcinoma. However, the mechanism underlying the dysregulation of this pathway in DGC has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the expression profiles of Wnt antagonists, secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) and secreted frizzled-related protein 3 (SFRP3), and dishevelled protein family members, dishevelled segment polarity protein 2 (DVL2) and dishevelled segment polarity protein 3 (DVL3), in DGC tissues. The association between the expression levels of these factors and the clinicopathological parameters of the patients was determined. Protein and mRNA expression levels in 62 DGC tumor tissues and 62 normal gastric mucosal tissues obtained from patients with non-malignant disease were measured using immunohistochemical and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis. Significantly lower protein expression levels of SFRP1 (P<0.001) and SFRP3 (P<0.001), but significantly higher protein expression levels of DVL2 (P<0.001) and DVL3 (P<0.001) were observed in DGC tissues compared with in control tissues by immunohistochemistry. In addition, significantly lower expression levels of SFRP1 (P<0.05) and higher expression levels of DVL3 (P<0.05) were found in in DGC tissues compared with those in normal gastric mucosal tissues using RT-qPCR. According to correlation analysis between the SFRP1, SFRP3, DVL2 and DVL3 protein expression levels and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with DGC, a statistically significant correlation was found between the SFRP3 volume density and T stage (r=0.304; P=0.017) and between the SFRP3 volume density and clinical stage (r=0.336; P=0.008). In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that the Wnt signaling pathway components SFRP1, SFRP3, DVL2 and DVL3 may be aberrantly expressed in DGC tissues, implicating their possible role in the development of this malignant disease. The present data also revealed a positive relationship between SFRP3 protein expression and the clinical and T stage of DGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Sremac
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Frane Paic
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katja Grubelic Ravic
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ljiljana Serman
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Centre of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aja Pavicic Dujmovic
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital 'Dr. Ivo Pedisic', 44000 Sisak, Croatia
| | - Iva Brcic
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Zeljko Krznaric
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Nikuseva Martic
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Centre of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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19
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Mutations in Epigenetic Regulation Genes in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184586. [PMID: 34572812 PMCID: PMC8467700 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation/demethylation, covalent modifications of histone proteins, and chromatin remodeling, create specific patterns of gene expression. Epigenetic deregulations are associated with oncogenesis, relapse of the disease and metastases, and can serve as a useful clinical marker. We assessed the clinical relevance of integrity of the genes coding for epigenetic regulator proteins by mutational profiling of 25 genes in 135 gastric cancer (GC) samples. Overall, mutations in the epigenetic regulation genes were found to be significantly associated with reduced overall survival of patients in the group with metastases and in the group with tumors with signet ring cells. We have also discovered mutual exclusivity of somatic mutations in the KMT2D, KMT2C, ARID1A, and CHD7 genes in our cohort. Our results suggest that mutations in epigenetic regulation genes may be valuable clinical markers and deserve further exploration in independent cohorts. Abstract We have performed mutational profiling of 25 genes involved in epigenetic processes on 135 gastric cancer (GC) samples. In total, we identified 79 somatic mutations in 49/135 (36%) samples. The minority (n = 8) of mutations was identified in DNA methylation/demethylation genes, while the majority (n = 41), in histone modifier genes, among which mutations were most commonly found in KMT2D and KMT2C. Somatic mutations in KMT2D, KMT2C, ARID1A and CHD7 were mutually exclusive (p = 0.038). Mutations in ARID1A were associated with distant metastases (p = 0.03). The overall survival of patients in the group with metastases and in the group with tumors with signet ring cells was significantly reduced in the presence of mutations in epigenetic regulation genes (p = 0.036 and p = 0.041, respectively). Separately, somatic mutations in chromatin remodeling genes correlate with low survival rate of patients without distant metastasis (p = 0.045) and in the presence of signet ring cells (p = 0.0014). Our results suggest that mutations in epigenetic regulation genes may be valuable clinical markers and deserve further exploration in independent cohorts.
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20
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Kahraman S, Yalcin S. Recent Advances in Systemic Treatments for HER-2 Positive Advanced Gastric Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4149-4162. [PMID: 34285507 PMCID: PMC8286155 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s315252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Despite recent improvements in treatment quality and options, advanced gastric cancer remains one of the hardest to cure cancers, with a median overall survival (OS) of 10–12 months and a 5-year OS of approximately 5–20%. There is an unmet need for further efforts to palliate disease-related symptoms, improve quality of life, increase tumor response rate, and prolong progression free and overall survival while balancing the toxicities of therapy. The most common type of GC is adenocarcinoma, which demonstrates morphological, biological, and clinical heterogeneity. A plethora of genomic alterations and the activation of numerous molecular pathways including human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2), mesenchymal epidermal transforming factor receptor (MET), and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are responsible for the complex heterogeneity of GC. Efforts to validate the therapeutic effects of inhibiting some of these aberrantly expressed pathways have failed to lead to a clinically meaningful outcome apart from the overexpression/amplification of the HER2 gene, inhibition of which has had a significant impact on clinical practice. The only available biomarkers to guide the effective treatment of patients with advanced GC are HER2 overexpression, MSI/PD-L1 status, and FGFR alterations. Various anti-HER2 agents have been evaluated after the success of the ToGA trial, but none led to a significant enough clinical improvement to be considered a viable alternative for HER2-targeted therapy in advanced GC until the global Keynote-811 trial, which added pembrolizumab to trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy. This combination demonstrated a survival advantage for the first time in the 11 years since ToGA. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) was also found to be effective in patients who had already received >2 previous lines of treatment. Despite these promising avenues, the optimal management of HER-2 positive GC still requires further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Kahraman
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suayib Yalcin
- Hacettepe University Institute of Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara, Turkey
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21
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Wang G, Sun D, Li W, Xin Y. CircRNA_100290 promotes GC cell proliferation and invasion via the miR-29b-3p/ITGA11 axis and is regulated by EIF4A3. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:324. [PMID: 34182990 PMCID: PMC8240270 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to be important regulators of the development and progression of various carcinomas. However, the role of circRNA_100290 in gastric cancer (GC) is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of circRNA_100290 in GC invasion and metastasis and the possible underlying mechanism. Methods The expression of circRNA_100290 in GC cells and tissues was examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The role of circRNA_100290 in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion was evaluated in the AGS and HGC-27 cell lines in vitro. Bioinformatics tools, dual-luciferase reporter assays, Western blot assays and qRT-PCR were used to explore the pathways downstream of circRNA_100290. The mechanism underlying the regulation of circRNA_100290 expression was explored using RNA immunoprecipitation, qRT-PCR, and Western blot assays. Results The expression of circRNA_100290 was significantly upregulated in GC cells and 102 GC tissues, and high circRNA_100290 expression in GC was closely related to Borrmann’s type, lymph node metastasis and tumour-node-metastasis stage. In vitro, knockdown of circRNA_100290 in AGS and HGC-27 cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, a dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed the direct interaction between circRNA_100290 and miR-29b-3p, which targets ITGA11, an oncogene that is closely related to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, EIF4A3, an RNA-binding protein (RBP), could inhibit the formation of circRNA_100290 by binding to the flanking sites of circRNA_100290. Low EIF4A3 expression in GC was related to a poor prognosis. Conclusions Elevated circRNA_100290 expression in GC promotes cell proliferation, invasion and EMT via the miR-29b-3p/ITGA11 axis and might be regulated by EIF4A3. CircRNA_100290 might be a promising biomarker and target for GC therapy. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, 16766 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dan Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Xin
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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22
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Nishimura S, Yashiro M, Sera T, Yamamoto Y, Kushitani Y, Sugimoto A, Kushiyama S, Togano S, Kuroda K, Okuno T, Murakami Y, Ohira M. Serine threonine kinase 11/liver kinase B1 mutation in sporadic scirrhous-type gastric cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1616-1623. [PMID: 32236518 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Scirrhous-type gastric carcinoma (SGC), which is characterized by the rapid proliferation of cancer cells accompanied by extensive fibrosis, shows extremely poor survival. A reason for the poor prognosis of SGC is that the driver gene responsible for SGC has not been identified. To identify the characteristic driver gene of SGC, we examined the genomic landscape of six human SGC cell lines of OCUM-1, OCUM-2M, OCUM-8, OCUM-9, OCUM-12 and OCUM-14, using multiplex gene panel testing by next-generation sequencing. In this study, the non-synonymous mutations of serine threonine kinase 11/liver kinase B1 (STK11/LKB1) gene were detected in OCUM-12, OCUM-2M and OCUM-14 among the six SGC cell lines. Capillary sequencing analysis confirmed the non-sense or missense mutation of STK11/LKB1 in the three cell lines. Western blot analysis showed that LKB1 expression was decreased in OCUM-12 cells and OCUM-14 cells harboring STK11/LKB1 mutation. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor significantly inhibited the proliferation of OCUM-12 and OCUM-14 cells. The correlations between STK11/LKB1 expression and clinicopathologic features of gastric cancer were examined using 708 primary gastric carcinomas by immunochemical study. The low STK11/LKB1 expression group was significantly associated with SGC, high invasion depth and frequent nodal involvement, in compared with the high STK11/LKB1 expression group. Collectively, our study demonstrated that STK11/LKB1 mutation might be responsible for the progression of SGC, and suggested that mTOR signaling by STK11/LKB1 mutation might be one of therapeutic targets for patients with SGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaaki Nishimura
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sera
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yurie Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukako Kushitani
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugimoto
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kushiyama
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shingo Togano
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kuroda
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Okuno
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakami
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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23
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Nakamura S, Kanda M, Shimizu D, Sawaki K, Tanaka C, Hattori N, Hayashi M, Yamada S, Nakayama G, Omae K, Koike M, Kodera Y. STRA6 Expression Serves as a Prognostic Biomarker of Gastric Cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 17:509-516. [PMID: 32859629 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in our understanding on the pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC), patients face a poor prognosis. To improve clinical outcomes, effective approaches to diagnosis and treatment employing new diagnostic biomarkers are required to achieve early detection and predict recurrence and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Transcriptome analysis was conducted using surgically resected gastric tissues from four patients with metastatic GC. A total of 228 pairs of primary GC tissues and corresponding normal adjacent tissues were subjected to mRNA expression analysis. To validate our findings, we accessed an integrated microarray dataset and RNA sequencing data of GC cell lines. RESULTS We identified stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6) as a differentially overexpressed gene, which encodes a transmembrane protein that mediates the cellular uptake of retinol. To investigate how STRA6 contributes to the malignant phenotype of GC cells, we mined public datasets and found the mRNA encoding retinol binding protein 1 (RBP1), which is associated with retinoid metabolism, was co-expressed with STRA6. Furthermore, STRA6 mRNA levels were significantly higher in GC tissues compared to the corresponding noncancerous adjacent tissues of 228 surgically resected gastric tissue samples. Moreover, patients with high levels of STRA6 mRNA experienced significantly shorter disease-free survival and overall survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that high levels of STRA6 served as a significant risk factor. CONCLUSION Patients with high levels of STRA6 mRNA experienced significantly worse clinical outcomes, indicating that STRA6 may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kouichi Sawaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norifumi Hattori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Omae
- Department of Innovative Research and Education for Clinicians and Trainees (DiRECT), Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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24
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Mining the plasma-proteome associated genes in patients with gastro-esophageal cancers for biomarker discovery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7590. [PMID: 33828156 PMCID: PMC8027878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastro-esophageal (GE) cancers are one of the major causes of cancer-related death in the world. There is a need for novel biomarkers in the management of GE cancers, to yield predictive response to the available therapies. Our study aims to identify leading genes that are differentially regulated in patients with these cancers. We explored the expression data for those genes whose protein products can be detected in the plasma using the Cancer Genome Atlas to identify leading genes that are differentially regulated in patients with GE cancers. Our work predicted several candidates as potential biomarkers for distinct stages of GE cancers, including previously identified CST1, INHBA, STMN1, whose expression correlated with cancer recurrence, or resistance to adjuvant therapies or surgery. To define the predictive accuracy of these genes as possible biomarkers, we constructed a co-expression network and performed complex network analysis to measure the importance of the genes in terms of a ratio of closeness centrality (RCC). Furthermore, to measure the significance of these differentially regulated genes, we constructed an SVM classifier using machine learning approach and verified these genes by using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve as an evaluation metric. The area under the curve measure was > 0.9 for both the overexpressed and downregulated genes suggesting the potential use and reliability of these candidates as biomarkers. In summary, we identified leading differentially expressed genes in GE cancers that can be detected in the plasma proteome. These genes have potential to become diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for early detection of cancer, recurrence following surgery and for development of targeted treatment.
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25
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Farahani DB, Akrami H, Moradi B, Mehdizadeh K, Fattahi MR. The Effect of hsa-miR-451b Knockdown on Biological Functions of Gastric Cancer Stem-Like Cells. Biochem Genet 2021; 59:1203-1224. [PMID: 33725258 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Numerous researches have extensively studied factors such as microRNAs that lead to cancer. Thus, the current study's purpose is to investigate the biological consequences of hsa-miR-451b inhibition on the properties and functions of gastric cancer stem-like cells. First, gastric cancer stem-like cells were transfected by hsa-miR-451b inhibitor then we used real-time RT-PCR to evaluate its effect on the expression of hsa-miR-451b and two of its direct target genes, Stemness markers such as KLF4, SOX2, CD44, OCT3/4 and NANOG genes and finally Akt, PI3K, Bcl-2, Bax, CASP3 and PCNA genes involved in apoptosis. Here, we conducted a DNA Laddering assay to investigate apoptosis. The level of the MMP-2 and -9 Activities and Migration were examined by Zymography and Transwell invasion assay. HUVEC cells were used to investigate angiogenesis. The outcomes revealed that the level of the MMP-2 and -9 Activities, migration and angiogenesis decreased, but apoptosis was induced by inhibiting hsa-miR-451b. Evaluating KREMEN1 and CASK expression showed that the former increased, and the latter dropped under hsa-miR-451b inhibition. Also, upregulation of the KLF4 and SOX2 and downregulation of the CD44, OCT3/4, and NANOG decreased Self-renewal ability of gastric cancer stem cells under hsa-miR-451b inhibition. Even, under hsa-miR-451b inhibition, downregulation of Akt, PI3K, Bcl-2 and PCNA as well as upregulation of Bax and CASP3 revealed a movement towards apoptosis in MKN-45 stem-like cells. In summary, hsa-miR-451b is an oncomir in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer stem-like cells and may be suggested as an appropriate therapeutic target for future gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Akrami
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71935-1311, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Behrouz Moradi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kiumars Mehdizadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fattahi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71935-1311, Shiraz, Iran
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26
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Clinical difference between fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 subclass, type IIIb and type IIIc, in gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4698. [PMID: 33633310 PMCID: PMC7907198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) has two isoforms: IIIb type and IIIc type. Clinicopathologic significance of these two FGFR2 subtypes in gastric cancer remains to be known. This study aimed to clarify the clinicopathologic difference of FGFR2IIIb and/or FGFR2IIIc overexpression. A total of 562 patients who underwent gastrectomy was enrolled. The expressions of FGFR2IIIb and FGFR2IIIc were retrospectively examined by immunohistochemistry or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using the 562 gastric tumors. We evaluated the correlation between clinicopathologic features and FGFR2IIIb overexpression and/or FGFR2IIIc overexpression in gastric cancer. FGFR2IIIb overexpression was observed in 28 cases (4.9%), and FGFR2IIIc overexpression was observed in four cases (0.7%). All four FGFR2IIIc cases were also positive for FGFR2IIIb, but not in the same cancer cells. FGFR2IIIb and/or FGFR2IIIc overexpression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage. Both FGFR2IIIb and FGFR2IIIc were significantly associated with poor overall survival. A multivariate analysis showed that FGFR2IIIc expression was significantly correlated with overall survival. FISH analysis indicated that FGFR2 amplification was correlated with FGFR2IIIb and/or FGFR2IIIc overexpression. These findings suggested that gastric tumor overexpressed FGFR2IIIc and/or FGFR2IIIb at the frequency of 4.9%. FGFR2IIIc overexpression might be independent prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer.
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE One of the most important serious malignancies is gastric cancer (GC) with a high mortality globally. In this way, beside the environmental factors, genetic parameter has a remarkable effective fluctuation in GC. Correspondingly, telomeres are nucleoprotein structures measuring the length of telomeres and they have special potential in diagnosis of various types of cancers. Defect protection of the telomeric length initiates the instability of the genome during cancer, including gastric cancer. The most common way of maintaining telomere length is the function of the telomerase enzyme that replicates the TTAGGG to the end of the 3' chromosome. METHODS In this review, we want to discuss the alterations of hTERT repression on the modification of TERRA gene expression in conjunction with the importance of telomere and telomerase in GC. RESULTS The telomerase enzyme contains two essential components called telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and RNA telomerase (hTR, hTERC). Deregulation of hTERT plays a key role in the multistage process of tumorigenicity and anticancer drug resistance. The direct relationship between telomerase activity and hTERT has led to hTERT to be considered a key target for cancer treatment. Recent results show that telomeres are transcribed into telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) in mammalian cells and are long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) identified in different tissues. In addition, most chemotherapy methods have a lot of side effects on normal cells. CONCLUSION Telomere and telomerase are useful therapeutic goal. According to the main roles of hTERT in tumorigenesis, growth, migration, and cancer invasion, hTERT and regulatory mechanisms that control the expression of hTERT are attractive therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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28
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Zhou N, Zhang C, Liu D, Liu K, Wang G, Zhu H, Zhang J, Jiang M, Liu N, Zhang X. Apatinib in Combination with S-1 as First-Line Treatment in Patients with Advanced Metastatic Gastric Cancer: Results from an Open, Exploratory, Single-Arm, Phase II Trial. Oncologist 2020; 26:e374-e381. [PMID: 33244809 PMCID: PMC7930411 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lessons Learned Apatinib combined with S‐1 was not superior to other chemotherapy regimens as first‐line therapy for advanced gastric cancer. There was a tendency for patients with lymph node metastasis to have prolonged median progression‐free survival and median overall survival, compared with patients with liver metastasis.
Background The best choice of first‐line chemotherapy regimen for patients with metastatic gastric cancer is still debated. We combined apatinib and S‐1 as a new first‐line therapy to treat advanced gastric cancer. The efficacy and safety of the combination were assessed, with the goal of determining the most appropriate subgroup of patients who could benefit from this new regimen. Methods This study was an open, exploratory single‐arm, phase II trial. Enrolled patients received apatinib plus S‐1 treatment (apatinib, 500 mg, once a day [qd], days 1–21; S‐1, 40 mg/m2, bid, days 1–14). The primary endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS) and safety of this new regimen. Next‐generation sequencing was used to explore potential biomarkers. Results A total of 30 patients were enrolled. The median progression‐free survival (mPFS) was 4.21 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.29–6.13 months). The median overall survival (mOS) was 7.49 months (95% CI, 4.81–10.17 months). Patients with lymph node metastasis had prolonged mPFS and mOS when compared with those with liver metastasis (mPFS, 4.21 vs. 1.84 months; mOS, 8.21 vs. 6.31 months, p = .08). The most common grade 3 to 4 adverse events were abdominal pain, dizziness, and diarrhea. Gene mutation profiles between the two subgroups were significantly different. Conclusion Apatinib combined with S‐1 was not superior to other chemotherapy regimens as first‐line therapy for advanced gastric cancer. Toxicity was consistent with known profiles when given as monotherapy. There was a tendency toward prolonged mPFS and mOS in patients with lymph node metastasis compared with patients with liver metastasis, which could support the need to design a future clinical trial with a better defined patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhou
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongPeople's Republic of China
| | - Dong Liu
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongPeople's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Liu
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guanqun Wang
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongPeople's Republic of China
| | - Man Jiang
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandongPeople's Republic of China
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Khan N, Donohoe CL, Phillips AW, Griffin SM, Reynolds JV. Signet ring gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas: characteristics and prognostic implications. Dis Esophagus 2020; 33:5831347. [PMID: 32378712 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Controversy exists as to the relevance of the signet ring carcinoma (SRC) histological subtype of esophagogastric adenocarcinoma to long-term prognosis, with some studies reporting a worsened oncological outcome and others no clinically relevant impact. A retrospective analysis of outcomes of patients who underwent surgery with curative intent in two high-volume centers (2000-2015) was undertaken. Tumors were analyzed according to location (esophageal, junctional or gastric). Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to match patients with signet ring histology to those without (195 SRC vs. 573 non-SRC), based on age, tumor location, use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy and pathological stage. A total of 2,500 patients with esophagogastric adenocarcinomas were treated, of whom 198 (7.9%) had signet ring histology. Signet ring tumors were more likely to have positive lymph nodes at pathological analysis (59% vs. 50%, P = 0.009). The 5-year survival rate for patients with early signet ring tumors (Stage 0/I/IIa) was 65% versus 85% for other early cancers (P < 0.003). Patients with esophageal signet ring tumors had a particularly poor prognosis with 23% 2-year survival and none alive at 5 years. With PSM, overall survival (OS) was significantly poorer in the signet ring group (44.3 ± 8.6 vs. 59.8 ± 8.5 months, 5-year OS 41% vs. 50%, P = 0.027). Signet ring cells within esophagogastric adenocarcinoma are associated with a poorer prognosis. Genomic studies to identify the composition of such tumors as well as identify strategies to improve treatment for this subtype are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall Khan
- National Esophageal and Gastric Cancer Centre, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire L Donohoe
- National Esophageal and Gastric Cancer Centre, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Northern Oesophago-gastric Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Alexander W Phillips
- Northern Oesophago-gastric Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - S Michael Griffin
- Northern Oesophago-gastric Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - John V Reynolds
- National Esophageal and Gastric Cancer Centre, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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30
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Nemtsova MV, Mikhaylenko DS, Kuznetsova EB, Bykov II, Zamyatnin AA. Inactivation of Epigenetic Regulators due to Mutations in Solid Tumors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:735-748. [PMID: 33040718 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920070020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Main factors involved in carcinogenesis are associated with somatic mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes representing changes in the DNA nucleotide sequence. Epigenetic changes, such as aberrant DNA methylation, modifications of histone proteins, and chromatin remodeling, are equally important in the development of human neoplasms. From this perspective, mutations in the genes encoding key participants of epigenetic regulation are of particular interest including enzymes that methylate/demethylate DNA, enzymes that covalently attach or remove regulatory signals from histones, components of nucleosome remodeling multiprotein complexes, auxiliary proteins and cofactors of the above-mentioned molecules. This review describes both germline and somatic mutations in the key epigenetic regulators with emphasis on the latter ones in the solid human tumors, as well as considers functional consequences of these mutations on the cellular level. In addition, clinical associations of the somatic mutations in epigenetic regulators are presented, as well as DNA diagnostics of hereditary cancer syndromes due to germline mutations in the SMARC proteins and chemotherapy drugs directly affecting the altered epigenetic mechanisms for treatment of patients with solid neoplasms. The review is intended for a wide range of molecular biologists, geneticists, oncologists, and associated specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Nemtsova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - D S Mikhaylenko
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - E B Kuznetsova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - I I Bykov
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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31
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Low JT, Christie M, Ernst M, Dumoutier L, Preaudet A, Ni Y, Griffin MDW, Mielke LA, Strasser A, Putoczki TL, O'Reilly LA. Loss of NFKB1 Results in Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor and Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 to Promote Gastric Tumorigenesis in Mice. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:1444-1458.e15. [PMID: 32569771 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Activity of nuclear factor κB transcription factors and signaling via signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) are frequently altered in gastric cancer cells. Mice lacking NFKB1 (Nfkb1-/- mice) develop invasive gastric cancer, and their gastric tissues have increased levels of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 6, IL22, IL11, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), as well as increased activation of STAT1. We investigated whether these cytokines were required for STAT1 activation in gastric tissues of mice and critical for gastric tumorigenesis. METHODS We crossed Nfkb1-/- mice with Il6-/-, Il22-/-, Il11Rα-/-, and Tnf-/- mice. Stomach tissues from compound mutant mice were analyzed by histology, immunoblotting, and RNA sequencing. Lymphoid, myeloid, and epithelial cells were isolated from stomachs, and the levels of cytokines were determined by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS Nfkb1-/- mice developed gastritis, oxyntic atrophy, gastric dysplasia, and invasive tumors, whereas Nfkb1-/-Stat1-/- mice did not, even when followed for as long as 2 years. The levels of Il6, Il11, Il22, and Tnf messenger RNA were increased in the body and antrum of the stomachs from Nfkb1-/- mice, from 3-6 months of age. However, Nfkb1-/-Il6-/-, Nfkb1-/-Il22-/-, and Nfkb1-/-Il11Rα-/- mice still developed gastric tumors, although the absence of IL11 receptor (IL11R) significantly reduced development of invasive gastric tumors. Stomachs from Nfkb1-/-Tnf-/- mice exhibited significantly less gastritis and oxyntic atrophy and fewer tumors than Nfkb1-/- mice. This correlated with reduced activation of STAT1 and STAT3 and fewer numbers of T cells and B cells infiltrating the gastric body. Loss of STAT1 or TNF significantly reduced expression of PD-L1 on epithelial and myeloid (CD11b+) cells in the gastric mucosa of Nfkb1-/- mice-indeed, to the levels observed on the corresponding cells from wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS In studies of gastric tumor development in knockout mice, we found that loss of NFKB1 causes increased expression of TNF in the stomach and thereby drives activation of STAT1, resulting in an inflammatory immune response and the development of gastric cancer. IL11R appears to be required for the progression of gastric tumors to the invasive stage. These findings suggest that inhibitors of TNF, and possibly also inhibitors of IL11/IL11Rα, might be useful in the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun T Low
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Christie
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Adele Preaudet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yanhong Ni
- Visiting scientist from Central Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China to The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael D W Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa A Mielke
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lorraine A O'Reilly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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32
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Shi XJ, Wei Y, Ji B. Systems Biology of Gastric Cancer: Perspectives on the Omics-Based Diagnosis and Treatment. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:203. [PMID: 33005629 PMCID: PMC7479200 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most diagnosed cancer in the world, affecting more than a million people and causing nearly 783,000 deaths each year. The prognosis of advanced gastric cancer remains extremely poor despite the use of surgery and adjuvant therapy. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of gastric cancer development, and the discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics are major goals in gastric cancer research. Here, we review recent progress in application of omics technologies in gastric cancer research, with special focus on the utilization of systems biology approaches to integrate multi-omics data. In addition, the association between gastrointestinal microbiota and gastric cancer are discussed, which may offer insights in exploring the novel microbiota-targeted therapeutics. Finally, the application of data-driven systems biology and machine learning approaches could provide a predictive understanding of gastric cancer, and pave the way to the development of novel biomarkers and rational design of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Shi
- Laboratory Animal Center, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Boyang Ji
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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33
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Park J, Lee SI, Shin S, Hong JH, Yoo HM, Kim JG. Genetic profiling of somatic alterations by Oncomine Focus Assay in Korean patients with advanced gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:129. [PMID: 32934698 PMCID: PMC7471730 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated death; however, analysis of its molecular and clinical characteristics has been complicated by its histological and etiological heterogeneity. The present study aimed to estimate somatic mutation profiling in gastric cancer. To do so, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed with the Oncomine Focus Assay to compare the clinicopathological characteristics with the mutation profiles in 50 patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Among the 35 hotspot genes and 19 genes for copy number variations (CNVs), 18 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) or small insertions and deletions (14 missense and four frameshift mutations), and 10 amplifications were identified. To examine the association between mutation profiles and clinicopathological characteristics, each element of the clinicopathological characteristics was categorized into three groups: No alteration, PI3K catalytic subunit α (PIK3CA) alterations and alterations other than PIK3CA. Fisher's exact test identified no statistical differences between the clinicopathological characteristics, with the exception of the Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) T stage between the three groups. Cases of AGC with somatic alterations but no PIK3CA exhibited a significant difference in the TNM T stage compared with those with no alterations or PIK3CA alterations (P=0.044). In addition, AGC with PIK3CA alterations was categorized by Lauren's classification to the intestinal type only. The distribution of Lauren's classification in AGC with PIK3CA alterations was statistically different compared with AGC with alterations other than PIK3CA (P=0.028), but not compared with AGC with no alterations (P=0.076). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated a molecular profiling approach that identified potential molecular classifications for gastric cancer and suggested a framework for precision medicine in AGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonhong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hee Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Mo Yoo
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Goo Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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34
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Lian Q, Wang B, Fan L, Sun J, Wang G, Zhang J. DNA methylation data-based molecular subtype classification and prediction in patients with gastric cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:349. [PMID: 32742196 PMCID: PMC7388223 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic and epigenetic alterations have been indicated to be closely correlated with the carcinogenesis, DNA methylation is one of most frequently occurring molecular behavior that take place early during this complicated process in gastric cancer (GC). Methods In this study, 398 samples were collected from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database and were analyzed, so as to mine the specific DNA methylation sites that affected the prognosis for GC patients. Moreover, the 23,588 selected CpGs that were markedly correlated with patient prognosis were used for consistent clustering of the samples into 6 subgroups, and samples in each subgroup varied in terms of M, Stage, Grade, and Age. In addition, the levels of methylation sites in each subgroup were calculated, and 347 methylation sites (corresponding to 271 genes) were screened as the intrasubgroup specific methylation sites. Meanwhile, genes in the corresponding promoter regions that the above specific methylation sites were located were performed signaling pathway enrichment analysis. Results The specific genes were enriched to the biological pathways that were reported to be closely correlated with GC; moreover, the subsequent transcription factor enrichment analysis discovered that, these genes were mainly enriched into the cell response to transcription factor B, regulation of MAPK signaling pathways, and regulation of cell proliferation and metastasis. Eventually, the prognosis prediction model for GC patients was constructed using the Random Forest Classifier model, and the training set and test set data were carried out independent verification and test. Conclusions Such specific classification based on specific DNA methylation sites can well reflect the heterogeneity of GC tissues, which contributes to developing the individualized treatment and accurately predicting patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Lian
- Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, 154002 Qiqihar, Heilongjiang China
| | - Bo Wang
- Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, 154002 Qiqihar, Heilongjiang China
| | - Lijun Fan
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, The Affiliate Qiqihar Hospital of Southern Medical University, Longsha District, 30 of Park Road, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161005 China
| | - Junqiang Sun
- Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Hospital of Dandong, Liaoning, 118000 China
| | - Guilai Wang
- General Surgery, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, The Affiliate Qiqihar Hospital of Southern Medical University, Longsha District, 30 of Park Road, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161005 China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, The Affiliate Qiqihar Hospital of Southern Medical University, Longsha District, 30 of Park Road, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161005 China
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35
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Lyons K, Le LC, Pham YTH, Borron C, Park JY, Tran CTD, Tran TV, Tran HTT, Vu KT, Do CD, Pelucchi C, La Vecchia C, Zgibor J, Boffetta P, Luu HN. Gastric cancer: epidemiology, biology, and prevention: a mini review. Eur J Cancer Prev 2020; 28:397-412. [PMID: 31386635 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The objective of this article is to review the epidemiology and biology of gastric cancer risk. This literature review explores the biological, clinical, and environmental factors that influence the rates of this disease and discuss the different intervention methods that may not only increase the awareness of gastric cancer but also increase screening in efforts to reduce the risk of gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori infection is the primary risk factor for gastric cancer. Additional risk factors include geographical location, age, sex, smoking, socioeconomic status, dietary intake, and genetics. Primary and secondary prevention strategies such as dietary modifications and screenings are important measures for reducing the risk of gastric cancer. Interventions, such as H. pylori eradication through chemoprevention trials, have shown some potential as a preventative strategy. Although knowledge about gastric cancer risk has greatly increased, future research is warranted on the differentiation of gastric cancer epidemiology by subsite and exploring the interactions between H. pylori infection, genetics, and environmental factors. Better understanding of these relationships can help researchers determine the most effective intervention strategies for reducing the risk of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Lyons
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida
| | - Linh C Le
- VinUniversity Project-Health Sciences.,Vinmec Healthcare System
| | | | - Claire Borron
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York City, New York
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Chi T D Tran
- Vietnam Colorectal Cancer and Polyp Research Program, Vinmec Healthcare System
| | - Thuan V Tran
- Vietnam National Cancer Hospital.,Vietnam National Cancer Institute
| | - Huong T-T Tran
- Vietnam National Cancer Hospital.,Vietnam National Cancer Institute
| | - Khanh T Vu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bach Mai Hospital
| | - Cuong D Do
- Department of Infectious Disease, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Claudio Pelucchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Janice Zgibor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York City, New York
| | - Hung N Luu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health.,Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Hillman Cancer Canter, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Nemtsova MV, Kalinkin AI, Kuznetsova EB, Bure IV, Alekseeva EA, Bykov II, Khorobrykh TV, Mikhaylenko DS, Tanas AS, Kutsev SI, Zaletaev DV, Strelnikov VV. Clinical relevance of somatic mutations in main driver genes detected in gastric cancer patients by next-generation DNA sequencing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:504. [PMID: 31949278 PMCID: PMC6965114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutation profiling in gastric cancer (GC) enables main driver mutations to be identified and their clinical and prognostic value to be evaluated. We investigated 77 tumour samples of GC by next-generation sequencing (NGS) with the Ion AmpliSeq Hotspot Panel v2 and a custom panel covering six hereditary gastric cancer predisposition genes (BMPR1A, SMAD4, CDH1, TP53, STK11 and PTEN). Overall, 47 somatic mutations in 14 genes were detected; 22 of these mutations were novel. Mutations were detected most frequently in the CDH1 (13/47) and TP53 (12/47) genes. As expected, somatic CDH1 mutations were positively correlated with distant metastases (p = 0.019) and tumours with signet ring cells (p = 0.043). These findings confirm the association of the CDH1 mutations with diffuse GC type. TP53 mutations were found to be significantly associated with a decrease in overall survival in patients with Lauren diffuse-type tumours (p = 0.0085), T3-T4 tumours (p = 0.037), and stage III-IV tumours (p = 0.013). Our results confirm that the detection of mutations in the main driver genes may have a significant prognostic value for GC patients and provide an independent GC-related set of clinical and molecular genetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Nemtsova
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey I Kalinkin
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina B Kuznetsova
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Bure
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A Alekseeva
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Igor I Bykov
- Department No. 1, Medical Faculty, Faculty Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana V Khorobrykh
- Department No. 1, Medical Faculty, Faculty Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry S Mikhaylenko
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115522, Russian Federation.,N.A. Lopatkin Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology - branch of the National Medical Research Radiologiсal Center, Moscow, 105425, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Tanas
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey I Kutsev
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V Zaletaev
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir V Strelnikov
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115522, Russian Federation.
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Rubinstein JC, Khan SA, Christison-Lagay ER, Cha C. APC mutational patterns in gastric adenocarcinoma are enriched for missense variants with associated decreased survival. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 59:64-68. [PMID: 31353684 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutations are causally associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and are recurrent somatic events across numerous tumor types, including gastric adenocarcinoma. Severity of disease in FAP correlates with specific APC mutations, but the impact of given mutations on phenotype in gastric cancer is not well studied. Sequencing data from the Genomic Data Commons (GDC) demonstrate an APC mutational pattern in gastric cancer that differs dramatically from that seen in colon cancer. Exome sequencing data from APC-mutant colon and gastric adenocarcinomas in GDC was filtered for single nucleotide variants (SNVs) using MuTect2 Variant Aggregation and Masking pipeline, Somatic Aggregation Workflow. APC mutations were found in 57/441 gastric (12.9%) and 309/433 colon adenocarcinomas (71.4%). There was a significant difference in the proportion of stopgain, frameshift, and missense mutations between tumor types(P < .00001). Colon tumors were predominated by frameshift and stopgains, comprising 47.7% and 35.7%, respectively. In contrast, 47.1% of gastric mutations were missense. Gastric tumors harboring missense mutations showed decreased overall survival relative to other mutational subtypes(P = .008). In the gastric samples, 25.9% of frameshift and stopgain mutations are in the 3' portion of the gene, compared to 1.4% of colon samples. APC mutations demonstrate different distributions in gastric and colon adenocarcinoma, with a shift toward missense variants in gastric tumors and worse survival in gastric tumors harboring them. As different mutations confer variable degrees of protein dysfunction and resultant clinical manifestation, expanded investigation of specific mutational patterns will prove integral to future-risk stratification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill C Rubinstein
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sajid A Khan
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Charles Cha
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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38
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Ho SWT, Tan P. Dissection of gastric cancer heterogeneity for precision oncology. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3405-3414. [PMID: 31495054 PMCID: PMC6825006 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains the fifth most prevalent cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of global cancer mortality. Comprehensive ‐omic studies have unveiled a heterogeneous GC landscape, with considerable molecular diversity both between and within tumors. Given the complex nature of GC, a long‐sought goal includes effective identification of distinct patient subsets with prognostic and/or predictive outcomes to enable tailoring of specific treatments (“precision oncology”). In this review, we highlight various approaches to molecular classification in GC, covering recent genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and epigenomic features. We pay special attention to the translational significance of classifier systems and examine potential confounding factors which deserve further investigation. In particular, we discuss recent advancements in our knowledge of intra‐subtype, intra‐patient and intra‐tumor heterogeneity, and the pivotal role of the tumor stromal microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamaine Wei Ting Ho
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth/Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore.,Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore
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39
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Ito T, Matoba R, Maekawa H, Sakurada M, Kushida T, Orita H, Wada R, Sato K. Detection of gene mutations in gastric cancer tissues using a commercial sequencing panel. Mol Clin Oncol 2019; 11:455-460. [PMID: 31620276 PMCID: PMC6787944 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2019.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting malignancy is important for adequate adjuvant therapy in patients with cancer. Due to cancer being a genetic disease, the detection of gene mutations could be helpful in predicting the prognosis and efficacy of drugs. Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and is the third leading cause of cancer associated mortality worldwide. Mutations in genes may correlate with clinical information in patients with gastric cancer after surgery and, therefore, may be useful for predicting the prognosis of this disease. In the present study, to assess the usefulness of a commercial sequencing panel, TruSeq® Amplicon-Cancer Panel (Illumina), using a next-generation sequencer (Illumina MiSeq), mutation analysis of fresh as well as formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) gastric cancer tissues was performed retrospectively. The study group comprised of 4 patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Cancer and normal stomach tissues were collected immediately following surgical removal. Thereafter, the specimens were fixed in 10% neutral formalin for 24–72 h. Normal and FFPE cancer tissues were histologically examined and confirmed. A total of 3 mutations were identified in the driver genes (KRAS, TP53 and APC) in cancer tissues from 2 of the 4 patients, using fresh samples. In addition, FFPE samples were analysed for the same tissues and the same results were obtained by setting the threshold for the percentage of the mutation rate to avoid detection of pseudo-positive mutations. In conclusion, the sequencing analysis using FFPE-derived DNA samples was successfully performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Ito
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Ryo Matoba
- DNA Chip Research Inc., Tokyo 105-0022, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maekawa
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Sakurada
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kushida
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Hajime Orita
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Ryo Wada
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
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40
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Nakamura S, Kanda M, Kodera Y. Incorporating molecular biomarkers into clinical practice for gastric cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2019; 19:757-771. [PMID: 31437076 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1659136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Gastric cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. To improve clinical outcomes, it is critical to develop appropriate approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Biomarkers have numerous potential clinical applications, including screening, assessing risk, determining prognosis, monitoring recurrence, and predicting response to treatment. Furthermore, biomarkers may contribute to the development of effective therapies. Areas covered: Here we review recent progress in exploiting GC-specific biomarkers such as protein-coding genes, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and methylated gene promoters. Expert opinion: The development of biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring gastric cancer and for individualizing therapeutic targets shows great promise for improving gastric cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
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41
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Detecting genetic hypermutability of gastrointestinal tumor by using a forensic STR kit. Front Med 2019; 14:101-111. [PMID: 31368030 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that somatic hypermutational status and programmed cell death-1 overexpression are potential predictive biomarkers indicating treatment benefits from immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, biomarker-matched trials are still limited, and many of the genomic alterations remain difficult to target. To isolate the potential somatic hypermutational tumor from microsatellite instability low/microsatellite stability (MSI-L/MSS) cases, we employed two commercial kits to determine MSI and forensic short tandem repeat (STR) alternations in 250 gastrointestinal (GI) tumors. Three types of forensic STR alternations, namely, allelic loss, Aadd, and Anew, were identified. 62.4% (156/250) of the patients with GI exhibited STR alternation, including 100% (15/15) and 60% (141/235) of the microsatellite high instability and MSI-L/MSS cases, respectively. 30% (75/250) of the patients exhibited STR instability with more than 26.32% (26.32%-84.21%) STR alternation. The cutoff with 26.32% of the STR alternations covered all 15 MSI cases and suggested that it might be a potential threshold. Given the similar mechanism of the mutations of MSI and forensic STR, the widely used forensic identifier STR kit might provide potential usage for identifying hypermutational status in GI cancers.
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42
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Zhang C, Zhang M, Ge S, Huang W, Lin X, Gao J, Gong J, Shen L. Reduced m6A modification predicts malignant phenotypes and augmented Wnt/PI3K-Akt signaling in gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2019; 8:4766-4781. [PMID: 31243897 PMCID: PMC6712480 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the most abundant epigenetic modification on mRNAs and long non‐coding RNAs, N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification extensively exists in mammalian cells. Controlled by writers (methyltransferases), readers (signal transducers), and erasers (demethylases), m6A influences mRNA structure, maturation, and stability, thus negatively regulating protein expression in a post‐translational manner. Nevertheless, current understanding of m6A's roles in tumorigenesis, especially in gastric cancer (GC) remains to be unveiled. In this study, we assessed m6A's clinicopathological relevance to GC and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods By referring to a proteomics‐based GC cohort we previously generated and the TCGA‐GC cohort, we merged expressions of canonical m6A writers (METTL3/METTL14), readers (YTHDF1/YTHDF2/YTHDF3), and erasers (ALKBH5/FTO), respectively, as W, R, and E signatures to represent m6A modification. We stratified patients according to these signatures to decipher m6A's associations with crucial mutations, prognosis, and clinical indexes. m6A's biological functions in GC were predicted by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and validated by in vitro experiments. Results We discovered that W and R were potential tumor suppressive signatures, while E was a potential oncogenic signature in GC. According to W/R/E stratifications, patients with low m6A‐indications were accompanied with higher mutations of specific genes (CDH1, AR, GLI3, SETBP1, RHOA, MUC6, and TP53) and also demonstrated adverse clinical outcomes. GSEA suggested that reduced m6A was correlated with oncogenic signaling and phenotypes. Through in vitro experiments, we proved that m6A suppression (represented by METTL14 knockdown) promoted GC cell proliferation and invasiveness through activating Wnt and PI3K‐Akt signaling, while m6A elevation (represented by FTO knockdown) reversed these phenotypical and molecular changes. m6A may also be involved in interferon signaling and immune responses of GC. Conclusions Our work demonstrated that low‐m6A signatures predicted adverse clinicopathological features of GC, while the reduction of RNA m6A methylation activated oncogenic Wnt/PI3K‐Akt signaling and promoted malignant phenotypes of GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Sai Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoting Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jifang Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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43
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Kumar S, Long JM, Ginsberg GG, Katona BW. The role of endoscopy in the management of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:2878-2886. [PMID: 31249446 PMCID: PMC6589732 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i23.2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) syndrome is an inherited cancer risk syndrome associated with pathogenic germline CDH1 variants. Given the high risk for developing diffuse gastric cancer, CDH1 carriers are recommended to undergo prophylactic total gastrectomy for cancer risk reduction. Current guidelines recommend upper endoscopy in CDH1 carriers prior to surgery and then annually for individuals deferring prophylactic total gastrectomy. Management of individuals from HDGC families without CDH1 pathogenic variants remains less clear, and management of families with CDH1 pathogenic variants in the absence of a family history of gastric cancer is particularly problematic at present. Despite adherence to surveillance protocols, endoscopic detection of cancer foci in HDGC is suboptimal and imperfect for facilitating decision-making. Alternative endoscopic modalities, such as chromoendoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, and other non-white light methods have been utilized, but are of limited utility to further improve cancer detection and risk stratification in HDGC. Herein, we review what is known and what remains unclear about endoscopic surveillance for HDGC, among individuals with and without germline CDH1 pathogenic variants. Ultimately, the use of endoscopy in the management of HDGC remains a challenging arena, but one in which further research to improve surveillance is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shria Kumar
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jessica M Long
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Gregory G Ginsberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Bryson W Katona
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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44
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Abstract
Esophageal, esophago-gastric, and gastric cancers are major causes of cancer morbidity and cancer death. For patients with potentially resectable disease, multi-modality treatment is recommended as it provides the best chance of survival. However, quality of life may be adversely affected by therapy, and with a wide variation in outcome despite multi-modality therapy, there is a clear need to improve patient stratification. Radiomic approaches provide an opportunity to improve tumor phenotyping. In this review we assess the evidence to date and discuss how these approaches could improve outcome in esophageal, esophago-gastric, and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert-Ram Sah
- Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kasia Owczarczyk
- Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Musib Siddique
- Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gary J R Cook
- Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Vicky Goh
- Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- Radiology, Level 1, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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45
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Necula L, Matei L, Dragu D, Neagu AI, Mambet C, Nedeianu S, Bleotu C, Diaconu CC, Chivu-Economescu M. Recent advances in gastric cancer early diagnosis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:2029-2044. [PMID: 31114131 PMCID: PMC6506585 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i17.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains an important cause of cancer death worldwide with a high mortality rate due to the fact that the majority of GC cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage when the prognosis is poor and the treatment options are limited. Unfortunately, the existing circulating biomarkers for GC diagnosis and prognosis display low sensitivity and specificity and the GC diagnosis is based only on the invasive procedures such as upper digestive endoscopy. There is a huge need for less invasive or non-invasive tests but also highly specific biomarkers in case of GC. Body fluids such as peripheral blood, urine or saliva, stomach wash/gastric juice could be a source of specific biomarkers, providing important data for screening and diagnosis in GC. This review summarized the recently discovered circulating molecules such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, which hold the promise to develop new strategies for early diagnosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Necula
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest 040441, Romania
| | - Lilia Matei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Denisa Dragu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Ana I Neagu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Cristina Mambet
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Saviana Nedeianu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Carmen C Diaconu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Mihaela Chivu-Economescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
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Yu R, Li Z, Zhang C, Song H, Deng M, Sun L, Xu L, Che X, Hu X, Qu X, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Elevated limb-bud and heart development (LBH) expression indicates poor prognosis and promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion via upregulating Integrin/FAK/Akt pathway. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6885. [PMID: 31119084 PMCID: PMC6507893 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The limb-bud and heart development (LBH) gene is a highly conserved, tissue-specific transcription cofactor in vertebrates that regulates multiple key genes in embryonic development. The role of LBH in various cancer types is still controversial, and its specific role and molecular mechanism in the oncogenesis of gastric cancer (GC) remains largely unexplored. In the present study, the prognostic significance and clinicopathological characteristics of LBH in GC was determined. The LBH mRNA expression was first investigated in four independent public datasets (TCGA-STAD, GSE15459, GSE29272, and GSE62254) and then validated with our samples at the protein level. LBH was overexpressed at both the mRNA and protein levels in cancer compared with normal tissues. High LBH expression was correlated with advanced T, N, and M stages. Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank test indicated that higher LBH expression was statistically correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) in the public datasets and our study samples. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that LBH was an independent prognostic biomarker for survival in TCGA-STAD, GSE15459, GSE62254 cohorts, and our GC patients. In vitro experiments showed that knockdown of LBH can significantly inhibit the proliferation and invasion of HGC-27 cells, while overexpression of LBH can significantly enhance the proliferation and invasion of BGC-823 cells. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) indicated that high LBH expression is associated with the PI3K-Akt pathway, focal adhesion, and extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction. Western blot analysis showed that knockdown of LBH significantly inhibited the expression of integrin α5, integrin β1, p-FAK, and p-Akt. Therefore, results from the present study indicate that LBH is a potential independent prognostic biomarker and promotes proliferation and invasion of GC cells by activating the integrin/FAK/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy, Shenyang, China
| | - Huicong Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingming Deng
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy, Shenyang, China.,Department of Respiratory and Infectious Disease of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuejun Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Disease of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy, Shenyang, China
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang S, Tong Y, Jin L, Zong H, Zheng R, Yang J, Zhang Z, Ouyang E, Zhou M, Zhang X. GIDB: a knowledge database for the automated curation and multidimensional analysis of molecular signatures in gastrointestinal cancer. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2019; 2019:5487627. [PMID: 31089686 PMCID: PMC6517830 DOI: 10.1093/database/baz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is common, characterized by high mortality, and includes oesophagus, gastric, liver, bile duct, pancreas, rectal and colon cancers. The insufficient specificity and sensitivity of biomarkers is still a key clinical hindrance for GI cancer diagnosis and successful treatment. The emergence of `precision medicine', `basket trial' and `field cancerization' concepts calls for an urgent need and importance for the understanding of how organ system cancers occur at the molecular levels. Knowledge from both the literature and data available in public databases is informative in elucidating the molecular alterations underlying GI cancer. Currently, most available cancer databases have not offered a comprehensive discovery of gene-disease associations, molecular alterations and clinical information by integrated text mining and data mining in GI cancer. We develop GIDB, a panoptic knowledge database that attempts to automate the curation of molecular signatures using natural language processing approaches and multidimensional analyses. GIDB covers information on 8730 genes with both literature and data supporting evidence, 248 miRNAs, 58 lncRNAs, 320 copy number variations, 49 fusion genes and 2381 semantic networks. It presents a comprehensive database, not only in parallelizing supporting evidence and data integration for signatures associated with GI cancer but also in providing the timeline feature of major molecular discoveries. It highlights the most comprehensive overview, research hotspots and the development of historical knowledge of genes in GI cancer. Furthermore, GIDB characterizes genomic abnormalities in multilevel analysis, including simple somatic mutations, gene expression, DNA methylation and prognosis. GIDB offers a user-friendly interface and two customizable online tools (Heatmap and Network) for experimental researchers and clinicians to explore data and help them shorten the learning curve and broaden the scope of knowledge. More importantly, GIDB is an ongoing research project that will continue to be updated and improve the automated method for reducing manual work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqian Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangkuai Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuantao Tong
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zong
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongbin Zheng
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxuan Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - En Ouyang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyan Zhou
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Gastric Cancer Cell Lines Have Different MYC-Regulated Expression Patterns but Share a Common Core of Altered Genes. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:5804376. [PMID: 30410872 PMCID: PMC6206580 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5804376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is an oncogene responsible for excessive cell growth in cancer, enabling transcriptional activation of genes involved in cell cycle regulation, metabolism, and apoptosis, and is usually overexpressed in gastric cancer (GC). By using siRNA and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), we identified MYC-regulated differentially expressed Genes (DEGs) in three Brazilian gastric cancer cell lines representing the histological subtypes of GC (diffuse, intestinal, and metastasis). The DEGs were picked using Sailfish software, followed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway analysis using KEGG. We found 11 significantly enriched gene sets by using enrichment score (ES), False Discovery Rate (FDR), and nominal P-values. We identified a total of 5.471 DEGs with correlation over (80%). In diffuse-type and in metastatic GC cell lines, MYC-silencing caused DEGs downregulation, while the intestinal-type GC cells presented overall DEGs upregulation after MYC siRNA depletion. We were able to detect 11 significant gene sets when comparing our samples to the hallmark collection of gene expression, enriched mostly for the following hallmarks: proliferation, pathway, signaling, metabolic, and DNA damage response. When we analyzed our DEGs considering KEGG metabolic pathways, we found 12 common branches covering a wide range of biological functions, and three of them were common to all three cell lines: ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, ribosomes, and system and epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection. The GC cell lines used in this study share 14 MYC-regulated genes, but their gene expression profile is different for each histological subtype of GC. Our results present a computational analysis of MYC-related signatures in GC, and we present evidence that GC cell lines representing distinct histological subtypes of this disease have different MYC-regulated expression profiles but share a common core of altered genes. This is an important step towards the understanding of MYC's role in gastric carcinogenesis and an indication of probable new drug targets in stomach cancer.
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Liu X, Abraham JM, Cheng Y, Wang Z, Wang Z, Zhang G, Ashktorab H, Smoot DT, Cole RN, Boronina TN, DeVine LR, Talbot CC, Liu Z, Meltzer SJ. Synthetic Circular RNA Functions as a miR-21 Sponge to Suppress Gastric Carcinoma Cell Proliferation. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 13:312-321. [PMID: 30326427 PMCID: PMC6197335 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR) sponges containing miR binding sequences constitute a potentially powerful molecular therapeutic strategy. Recently, naturally occurring circular RNAs (circRNAs) were shown to function as efficient miR sponges in cancer cells. We hypothesized that synthetic circRNA sponges could achieve therapeutic loss-of-function targeted against specific miRs. Linear RNA molecules containing miR-21 binding sites were transcribed in vitro; after dephosphorylation and phosphorylation, circularization was achieved using 5'-3' end-ligation by T4 RNA ligase 1. circRNA stability was assessed using RNase R and fetal bovine serum. Competitive inhibition of miR-21 activity by a synthetic circRNA sponge was assessed using luciferase reporter, cell proliferation, and cell apoptosis assays in three gastric cancer cell lines. circRNA effects on downstream proteins were also delineated by Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) labeling (data available via ProteomeXchange identifier PRIDE: PXD008584), followed by western blotting. We conclude that artificial circRNA sponges resistant to nuclease digestion can be synthesized using simple enzymatic ligation steps. These sponges inhibit cancer cell proliferation and suppress the activity of miR-21 on downstream protein targets, including the cancer protein DAXX. In summary, synthetic circRNA sponges represent a simple, effective, convenient strategy for achieving targeted loss of miR function in vitro, with potential future therapeutic application in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John M Abraham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yulan Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhixiong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Guanjun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Duane T Smoot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert N Cole
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tatiana N Boronina
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lauren R DeVine
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - C Conover Talbot
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Stephen J Meltzer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Akrami H, Mehdizadeh K, Moradi B, Borzabadi Farahani D, Mansouri K, Ghalib Ibraheem Alnajar S. PlGF knockdown induced apoptosis through Wnt signaling pathway in gastric cancer stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3268-3276. [PMID: 30203564 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that much research has focused on gastric cancer, it is still a worldwide concern, because of the difficulties with factors such as signaling pathway crosstalk and gastric cancer stem cell (GCSC). Placental growth factor (PlGF) is one of these factors, and its tumorigenicity potential still remains a question. As a result, we have investigated the effect of PlGF knockdown on apoptosis and genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathway, and apoptosis in cancer stem cells derived from AGS an MKN-45 gastric cancer cell lines. We isolated GCSCs from MKN-45 and AGS cell lines on a nonadherent surface. Then the cell viability, the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction data of the genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathway, and apoptosis were evaluated. Furthermore, DNA laddering was used to show the apoptotic effect and DNA fragmentation caused by the PlGF knockdown. Our investigation revealed that the PlGF knockdown with PlGF-specific small interfering RNA at 40 pmol for GCSCs derived from MKN-45 and AGS at 24 hours can significantly affect the cell viability, the Wnt signaling pathway, and the apoptosis-related genes expression. In conclusion, we showed the PlGF knockdown may induce apoptosis via the Wnt signaling pathway in GCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Akrami
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kiumars Mehdizadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behrouz Moradi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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