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Cordonier N, Fossard M, Tillé Y, Champagne-Lavau M. Exploring Cognitive-Pragmatic Heterogeneity Following Acquired Brain Injury: A Cluster Analysis of Hint Comprehension. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2023; 32:2752-2767. [PMID: 37707362 DOI: 10.1044/2023_ajslp-22-00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Difficulties understanding nonliteral language (especially hints) are frequently reported following acquired brain injury (ABI). Several cognitive mechanisms, such as context processing, executive functions, and theory of mind (ToM), may underlie these disorders. However, their role remains controversial, mainly because of the characteristic heterogeneity of this population. Therefore, our study aimed to identify cognitive-pragmatic profiles in individuals with ABI. METHOD A new task of hint comprehension, manipulating executive demand, markers of hints, and ToM and neuropsychological tests were administered to 33 participants with frontal ABI and 33 control participants. Cluster analysis, a method sensitive to profile heterogeneity, was applied and coupled with error analysis. RESULTS We highlighted two cognitive-pragmatic profiles. One subgroup of participants with ABI exhibited contextual insensitivity, leading them to infer the utterance meaning based on linguistic decoding alone-literal meaning. This difficulty in understanding hints was associated with deficits in working memory, inhibition, and ToM. The second subgroup of participants with ABI showed difficulty with literal statements, associated with impaired inhibition and ToM. In addition, the two subgroups differed only on the ToM task. This result suggests that various types of ToM deficit (misunderstanding vs. incorrect attribution of mental states) could contribute to the variability of the pragmatic profiles observed (difficulties in interpreting hints vs. literal statements). CONCLUSION The experimental design adopted in this study provides valuable insight into the explanatory hypotheses of nonliteral language comprehension disorders and has important clinical implications. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24069516.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Cordonier
- Institut des sciences logopédiques, Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines, Université de Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LPL, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Marion Fossard
- Institut des sciences logopédiques, Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines, Université de Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Yves Tillé
- Institut de statistique, Faculté des sciences, Université de Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Bahri J, Abbes ZS, Ben Yahia H, Halayem S, Jelili S, Hajri M, Amado I, Medalia A, Bouden A. Toward an integrative socio-cognitive approach in autism spectrum disorder: NEAR method adaptation-study protocol. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:940066. [PMID: 37293399 PMCID: PMC10244578 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.940066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe cognitive impairments exhibited by people with ASD, threaten the development of social skills that are essential for establishing and maintaining harmonious social relationships. Cognitive remediation and social skills training are now considered as crucial therapeutic approaches in the management of these disorders. Several programs have already been validated and have shown improvements in social skills or cognitive performance. However, the effects of these training methods seem to be difficult to generalize to other everyday life. The aim of our study is to alleviate cognitive and social deficiencies by using a socio-cognitive framework to adapt the Neuropsychological Educational Approach to Remediation (NEAR) method for adolescents with ASD.Methods/designAdolescents meeting the DSM-5 criteria for ASD, older than 13 years, and following a regular school curriculum will be recruited from clinical population at the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Razi University Hospital-Manouba- Tunisia. Our study is an open and non-randomized controlled trial including 30 patients: NEAR group / control group. The NEAR method combines computerized cognitive exercises and bridging groups inspired from cognitive behavioral therapy. NEAR group will be divided into three groups of five patients each. The duration of the sessions will vary according to the capacities of the participants and the exchanges between them (about 60–120 min). In our study, bridging groups will be amended by adding other tasks including planning role plays and scenarios of problematic social situations in autism, taking into account cultural particularities in order to promote social skills. Computerized exercises will be enriched by adding other tasks aiming to improve the recognition and expression of facial emotions by using digital videos and photographs expressing the six basic emotions. The duration of the program will be about 6 months. All selected patients will have an assessment of cognitive function: social cognition, neurocognition and pragmatic skills, social skills, self-esteem and global functioning at baseline, 1 week after the end of the NEAR program and 6 months later.ConclusionThis adaptive program is a promising socio-cognitive intervention that create new perspectives for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihene Bahri
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Zeineb S. Abbes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Houda Ben Yahia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Soumeyya Halayem
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Selima Jelili
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Melek Hajri
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Isabelle Amado
- CH Sainte-Anne, C3RP & Services de Psychiatrie d'adultes HU & 75G17, Paris, France
| | - Alice Medalia
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Asma Bouden
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Assessment of Executive Function in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury with the Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100699. [PMID: 33019772 PMCID: PMC7600451 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aimed at providing a brief and comprehensive summary of recent research regarding the use of the Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test (WCST) to assess executive function in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). A bibliographical search, performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and PsycInfo, targeted publications from 2010 to 2020, in English or Spanish. Information regarding the studies’ designs, sample features and use of the WCST scores was recorded. An initial search eliciting 387 citations was reduced to 47 relevant papers. The highest proportion of publications came from the United States of America (34.0%) and included adult patients (95.7%). Observational designs were the most frequent (85.1%), the highest proportion being cross-sectional or case series studies. The average time after the occurrence of the TBI ranged from 4 to 62 years in single case studies, and from 6 weeks up to 23.5 years in the studies with more than one patient. Four studies compared groups of patients with TBI according to the severity (mild, moderate and/or severe), and in two cases, the studies compared TBI patients with healthy controls. Randomized control trials were seven in total. The noncomputerized WCST version including 128 cards was the most frequently used (78.7%). Characterization of the clinical profile of participants was the most frequent purpose (34.0%). The WCST is a common measure of executive function in patients with TBI. Although shorter and/or computerized versions are available, the original WCST with 128 cards is still used most often. The WCST is a useful tool for research and clinical purposes, yet a common practice is to report only one or a few of the possible scores, which prevents further valid comparisons across studies. Results might be useful to professionals in the clinical and research fields to guide them in assessment planning and proper interpretation of the WCST scores.
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Chevignard M, Câmara-Costa H, Dellatolas G. Pediatric traumatic brain injury and abusive head trauma. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020; 173:451-484. [PMID: 32958191 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64150-2.00032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) commonly occurs during brain development and can have direct, immediately observable neurologic, cognitive, and behavioral consequences. However, it can also disrupt subsequent brain development, and long-term outcomes are a combination of preinjury development and abilities, consequences of brain injury, as well as delayed impaired development of skills that were immature at the time of injury. There is a growing number of studies on mild TBI/sport-related concussions, describing initial symptoms and their evolution over time and providing guidelines for effective management of symptoms and return to activity/school/sports. Mild TBI usually does not lead to long-term cognitive or academic consequences, despite reports of behavioral/psychologic issues postinjury. Regarding moderate to severe TBI, injury to the brain is more severe, with evidence of a number of detrimental consequences in various domains. Patients can display neurologic impairments (e.g., motor deficits, signs of cerebellar disorder, posttraumatic epilepsy), medical problems (e.g., endocrine pituitary deficits, sleep-wake abnormalities), or sensory deficits (e.g., visual, olfactory deficits). The most commonly reported deficits are in the cognitive-behavioral field, which tend to be significantly disabling in the long-term, impacting the development of autonomy, socialization and academic achievement, participation, quality of life, and later, independence and ability to enter the workforce (e.g., intellectual deficits, slow processing speed, attention, memory, executive functions deficits, impulsivity, intolerance to frustration). A number of factors influence outcomes following pediatric TBI, including preinjury stage of development and abilities, brain injury severity, age at injury (with younger age at injury most often associated with worse outcomes), and a number of family/environment factors (e.g., parental education and occupation, family functioning, parenting style, warmth and responsiveness, access to rehabilitation and care). Interventions should identify and target these specific factors, given their major role in postinjury outcomes. Abusive head trauma (AHT) occurs in very young children (most often <6 months) and is a form of severe TBI, usually associated with delay before appropriate care is sought. Outcomes are systematically worse following AHT than following accidental TBI, even when controlling for age at injury and injury severity. Children with moderate to severe TBI and AHT usually require specific, coordinated, multidisciplinary, and long-term rehabilitation interventions and school adaptations, until transition to adult services. Interventions should be patient- and family-centered, focusing on specific goals, comprising education about TBI, and promoting optimal parenting, communication, and collaborative problem-solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Chevignard
- Rehabilitation Department for Children with Acquired Neurological Injury and Outreach Team for Children and Adolescents with Acquired Brain Injury, Saint Maurice Hospitals, Saint Maurice, France; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; GRC 24, Handicap Moteur et Cognitif et Réadaptation, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - Hugo Câmara-Costa
- GRC 24, Handicap Moteur et Cognitif et Réadaptation, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Centre d'Etudes en Santé des Populations, INSERM U1018, Paris, France
| | - Georges Dellatolas
- GRC 24, Handicap Moteur et Cognitif et Réadaptation, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Turkstra LS, Duff MC, Politis AM, Mutlu B. Detection of text-based social cues in adults with traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2019; 29:789-803. [PMID: 28594270 PMCID: PMC6170715 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2017.1333012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Written text contains verbal immediacy cues-word form or grammatical cues that indicate positive attitude or liking towards an object, action, or person. We asked if adults with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) would respond to these cues, given evidence of TBI-related social communication impairments. METHODS Sixty-nine adults with TBI and 74 healthy comparison (HC) peers read pairs of sentences containing different types of immediacy cues (e.g., speaker A said "these Canadians" vs. B said "those Canadians.") and identified which speaker (A or B) had a more positive attitude towards the underlined entity (Task 1); and pairs of sentences comprised of a context sentence (e.g., Fred is asked, "Did you visit Joan and Sue?") and a statement sentence (Fred says, "I visited Sue and Joan.") and were asked to indicate how much Fred liked or disliked the underlined words (Task 2). RESULTS HC group scores were significantly higher on Task 1, indicating more sensitivity to cues. On Task 2, TBI and HC group ratings differed across cue types and immediacy types, and the TBI group appeared to have less sensitivity to these cues. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that TBI-related impairments may reduce sensitivity to subtle social cues in text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyn Siobhan Turkstra
- a Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , USA
- b Neuroscience Training Program and Department of Surgery , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , USA
| | - Melissa Collins Duff
- c Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , USA
| | - Adam Michael Politis
- a Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , USA
- d Rehabilitation Medicine Department , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , USA
| | - Bilge Mutlu
- e Department of Computer Sciences , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , USA
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Bosco FM, Parola A, Angeleri R, Galetto V, Zettin M, Gabbatore I. Improvement of Communication Skills after Traumatic Brain Injury: The Efficacy of the Cognitive Pragmatic Treatment Program using the Communicative Activities of Daily Living. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2018; 33:875-888. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acy041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F M Bosco
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Institute of Neurosciences of Turin, Italy
| | - A Parola
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - R Angeleri
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, USA
| | | | | | - I Gabbatore
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Child Language Research Center, Research Unit of Logopedics, University of Oulu, Finland
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Bosco FM, Parola A, Sacco K, Zettin M, Angeleri R. Communicative-pragmatic disorders in traumatic brain injury: The role of theory of mind and executive functions. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2017; 168:73-83. [PMID: 28161678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that communicative-pragmatic ability, as well as executive functions (EF) and Theory of Mind (ToM), may be impaired in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the role of such cognitive deficits in explaining communicative-pragmatic difficulty in TBI has still not been fully investigated. The study examined the relationship between EF (working memory, planning and flexibility) and ToM and communicative-pragmatic impairment in patients with TBI. 30 individuals with TBI and 30 healthy controls were assessed using the Assessment Battery of Communication (ABaCo), and a set of cognitive, EF and ToM, tasks. The results showed that TBI participants performed poorly in comprehension and production tasks in the ABaCo, using both linguistic and extralinguistic means of expression, and that they were impaired in EF and ToM abilities. Cognitive difficulties were able to predict the pragmatic performance of TBI individuals, with both executive functions and ToM contributing to explaining patients' scores on the ABaCo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Bosco
- Center for Cognitive Science, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy; Institute of Neurosciences of Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Parola
- Center for Cognitive Science, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy.
| | - Katiuscia Sacco
- Center for Cognitive Science, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy; Institute of Neurosciences of Turin, Italy
| | | | - Romina Angeleri
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, NM, United States
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Cummings L. Cognitive Aspects of Pragmatic Disorders. PERSPECTIVES IN PRAGMATICS, PHILOSOPHY & PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47489-2_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Study of communication in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS): Disorders of the pragmatics of language, theory of mind and facial emotion processing. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2016.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Frontal and Temporal Structural Connectivity Is Associated with Social Communication Impairment Following Traumatic Brain Injury. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2016; 22:705-16. [PMID: 27405965 PMCID: PMC5823263 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617716000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although it has been well documented that traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in communication impairment, little work to date has examined the relationship between social communication skills and structural brain integrity in patients with TBI. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between self- and other-perceived communication problems and white matter integrity in patients with mild to severe TBI. METHODS Forty-four individuals (TBI=24) and people with whom they frequently communicate, as well as demographically matched normal healthy comparisons (NC) and their frequent communication partners, were administered, respectively, the La-Trobe Communication Questionnaire Self form (LCQ-SELF) and Other form (LCQ-OTHER). In addition, diffusion tensor imaging data were collected, and fractional anisotropy (FA) measures were extracted for each lobe in both hemispheres. RESULTS Within the TBI group, but not within the NC group, participants who were perceived by their close others as having more communication problems had lower FA in the left frontal and temporal lobes (p<.01), but not in other brain regions. CONCLUSIONS Frontotemporal white matter microstructural integrity is associated with social communication abilities in adults with TBI. This finding contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms leading to communication impairment following TBI and can inform the development of new neuromodulation therapies as well as diagnostic tools. (JINS, 2016, 22, 705-716).
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Dores AR, Barbosa F, Carvalho IP, Almeida I, Guerreiro S, da Rocha BM, de Sousa L, Castro-Caldas A. Study of behavioural and neural bases of visuo-spatial working memory with an fMRI paradigm based on an n-back task. J Neuropsychol 2015; 11:122-134. [DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artemisa R. Dores
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar; University of Porto (ICBAS-UP); Portugal
- Psychosocial Rehabilitation Lab; School of Allied Health Technologies; Polytechnic Institute of Porto/Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences; University of Porto; Portugal
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology; Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences; University of Porto (FPCEUP); Portugal
| | - Irene P. Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health; School of Medicine; University of Porto (FMUP); Portugal
| | - Isabel Almeida
- Neuropsychological Rehabilitation Group; Gaia Vocational Rehabilitation Centre; Vila Nova de Gaia Portugal
| | - Sandra Guerreiro
- Neuropsychological Rehabilitation Group; Gaia Vocational Rehabilitation Centre; Vila Nova de Gaia Portugal
| | | | - Liliana de Sousa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar; University of Porto (ICBAS-UP); Portugal
| | - Alexandre Castro-Caldas
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health - Universidade Catolica Portuguesa; Portugal
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Ghayoumi Z, Yadegari F, Mahmoodi-Bakhtiari B, Fakharian E, Rahgozar M, Rasouli M. Persuasive discourse impairments in traumatic brain injury. ARCHIVES OF TRAUMA RESEARCH 2015; 4:e21473. [PMID: 25798418 PMCID: PMC4360602 DOI: 10.5812/atr.21473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Considering the cognitive and linguistic complexity of discourse production, it is expected that individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) should face difficulties in this task. Therefore, clinical examination of discourse has become a useful tool for studying and assessment of communication skills of people suffering from TBI. Among different genres of discourse, persuasive discourse is considered as a more cognitively demanding task. However, little is known about persuasive discourse in individuals suffering from TBI. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of adults with TBI on a task of spoken persuasive discourse to determine the impaired linguistic measures. Patients and Methods: Thirteen TBI nonaphasic Persian speaking individuals, ranged between 19 to 40 years (Mean = 25.64 years; SD = 6.10) and 59 healthy adults matched by age, were asked to perform the persuasive discourse task. The task included asking the participants to express their opinion on a topic, and after the analysis of the produced discourse, the two groups were compared on the basis of their language productivity, sentential complexity, maze ratio and cohesion ratio. Results: The TBI group produced discourses with less productivity, sentential complexity, cohesion ratio and more maze ratio compared the control group. Conclusions: As it is important to consider acquired communication disorders particularly discourse impairment of brain injured patients along with their other clinical impairments and regarding the fact that persuasive discourse is crucial in academic and social situations, the persuasive discourse task presented in this study could be a useful tool for speech therapists, intending to evaluate communication disorders in patients with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghayoumi
- Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fariba Yadegari
- Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Fariba Yadegari, Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2122180043, Fax: +98-2122180043, E-mail:
| | | | - Esmaeil Fakharian
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mehdi Rahgozar
- Department of Biostatistics and Computer, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Maryam Rasouli
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Bosco FM, Angeleri R, Sacco K, Bara BG. Explaining pragmatic performance in traumatic brain injury: a process perspective on communicative errors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2015; 50:63-83. [PMID: 25039503 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to investigate the pragmatic abilities of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Several studies in the literature have previously reported communicative deficits in individuals with TBI, however such research has focused principally on communicative deficits in general, without providing an analysis of the errors committed in understanding and expressing communicative acts. Within the theoretical framework of Cognitive Pragmatics theory and Cooperative principle we focused on intermediate communicative errors that occur in both the comprehension and the production of various pragmatic phenomena, expressed through both linguistic and extralinguistic communicative modalities. AIMS To investigate the pragmatic abilities of individuals with TBI. METHODS & PROCEDURES A group of 30 individuals with TBI and a matched control group took part in the experiment. They were presented with a series of videotaped vignettes depicting everyday communicative exchanges, and were tested on the comprehension and production of various kinds of communicative acts (standard communicative act, deceit and irony). The participants' answers were evaluated as correct or incorrect. Incorrect answers were then further evaluated with regard to the presence of different intermediate errors. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Individuals with TBI performed worse than control participants on all the tasks investigated when considering correct versus incorrect answers. Furthermore, a series of logistic regression analyses showed that group membership (TBI versus controls) significantly predicted the occurrence of intermediate errors. This result holds in both the comprehension and production tasks, and in both linguistic and extralinguistic modalities. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS Participants with TBI tend to have difficulty in managing different types of communicative acts, and they make more intermediate errors than the control participants. Intermediate errors concern the comprehension and production of the expression act, the comprehension of the actors' meaning, as well as the respect of the Cooperative principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Bosco
- Center for Cognitive Science, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Blain-Brière B, Bouchard C, Bigras N. The role of executive functions in the pragmatic skills of children age 4-5. Front Psychol 2014; 5:240. [PMID: 24688480 PMCID: PMC3960491 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest that pragmatic skills (PS) (i.e., social communication) deficits may be linked to executive dysfunction (i.e., cognitive processes required for the regulation of new and complex behaviors) in patients with frontal brain injuries. If impairment of executive functions (EF) causes PS deficits in otherwise healthy adults, could this mean that EF are necessary for the normal functioning of PS, even more so than cognitive maturation? If so, children with highly developed EF should exhibit higher levels of PS. This study aimed to examine the link between EF and PS among normally developing children. A secondary goal was to compare this relationship to that between intellectual quotient (IQ) and PS in order to determine which predictor explained the most variance. Participants were 70 French-speaking preschool children (3;10–5;7 years old). The PS coding system, an observational tool developed for this study, was used to codify the children's PS during a semi-structured conversation with a research assistant. Five types of EF processes were evaluated: self-control, inhibition, flexibility, working memory and planning. IQ was estimated by tallying the scores on a receptive vocabulary test and a visuoconstructive abilities test. The results of the test of differences between correlation coefficients suggest that EF contributed significantly more than IQ to the PS exhibited by preschoolers during conversation. More specifically, higher inhibition skills were correlated with a decrease in talkativeness and assertiveness. EF also appeared to foster quality of speech by promoting the ability to produce fluid utterances, free of unnecessary repetition or hesitation. Moreover, children with a high working memory capacity were more likely to formulate contingent answers and produce utterances that could be clearly understood by the interlocutor. Overall, these findings help us better understand how EF may assist children in everyday social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Blain-Brière
- Qualité Éducative des Services de Garde et Petite Enfance, Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Bouchard
- Qualité Éducative des Services de Garde et Petite Enfance, Département D'études sur L'enseignement et L'apprentissage, Université Laval Ville de Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bigras
- Qualité Éducative des Services de Garde et Petite Enfance, Département de Didactique, Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
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Godbee K, Porter M. Comprehension of sarcasm, metaphor and simile in Williams syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2013; 48:651-665. [PMID: 24165362 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although people with Williams syndrome (WS) are often characterized as friendly and sociable with relatively good general language abilities, there is emerging evidence of pragmatic difficulties and trouble comprehending aspects of non-literal language. AIMS The main aim was to investigate the comprehension of sarcasm, metaphor and simile in WS relative to typically developing controls. A secondary aim was to examine the association between non-literal language comprehension and a range of other cognitive abilities, both in WS and in the typically developing population. METHODS & PROCEDURES Twenty-six participants with WS were compared with 26 typically developing chronological age-matched controls (TDCA) and 26 typically developing mental age-matched controls (TDMA). Participants listened to stories in which characters made non-literal comments. They were then asked what each character meant by their comment. In order to investigate the second aim of the study, cognitive abilities were also assessed using the Woodcock-Johnson (Revised) Tests of Cognitive Ability, including expressive vocabulary, verbal working memory, perceptual integration, inferential reasoning and overall cognitive ability. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Comprehension of non-literal language in WS was significantly below TDCA levels, but was not significantly different to TDMA levels. For typically developing controls, each of the cognitive measures was strongly correlated with each of the measures of non-literal language comprehension. The same relationships were not always found for participants with WS. In particular, sarcasm comprehension in WS was not significantly correlated with any of the assessed cognitive abilities, and expressive vocabulary was not significantly correlated with any measure of non-literal comprehension. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS Comprehension of simile in WS is below TDCA levels but seems on par with their mental age level. It appears that comprehension of sarcasm and metaphors is above the cognitive capabilities and mental age level of most individuals with WS. Further, the pattern of correlations between non-literal comprehension and cognitive abilities in WS relative to controls suggests that perhaps the linguistic and cognitive systems that underpin non-literal language comprehension in typically developing individuals interact and integrate in different ways in WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali Godbee
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Chapelain F, Dardier V, Bernicot J, Autret K, Nicolas B, Gallien P. Étude exploratoire des capacités pragmatiques du langage dans la sclérose en plaques. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2013.07.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Exploratory study of language pragmatic skills in multiple sclerosis. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2013.07.913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Strategies to Improve Research Outcomes in the Field of Acquired Brain Injury: The Kevin Bacon Effect, Networking and Other Stories. BRAIN IMPAIR 2012. [DOI: 10.1017/brimp.2012.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the added value that arises from capitalising on academic and social networks for researchers and people with acquired brain injury. First, it is proposed that brain injury researchers are connected within six degrees of separation. As a model, ‘The Oracle of Bacon’ demonstrates how any actor can be linked through his or her film roles to the actor Kevin Bacon within six steps. This concept is extrapolated to the existing networks of brain injury researchers. Capitalising on these networks can lead to potent and ground-breaking discoveries. The Clinical Centre of Research Excellence (CCRE) in Aphasia Rehabilitation provides an example of the benefits of networking and collaboration in the quest to improve the lives of people with aphasia. The CCRE uses multiple theoretical perspectives in studies evaluating the assessment and treatment of aphasia. It is utilising capacity building, knowledge translation and a community of practice to inform and expand research capacity. Networks can also be used to improve the communication of people with brain injury within their everyday environment. A recent study is described where communication partners were trained to improve the interactions of people with traumatic brain injury, which led to improvements in social networks and improved engagement in life activities. Finally, it is suggested that with the advances in e-communication, there is a great deal of scope for the use of social networking technologies in the assessment and treatment of people with acquired brain injury.
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Zimmermann N, Gindri G, de Oliveira CR, Fonseca RP. Pragmatic and executive functions in traumatic brain injury and right brain damage: An exploratory comparative study. Dement Neuropsychol 2011; 5:337-345. [PMID: 29213762 PMCID: PMC5619048 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642011dn05040013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the frequency of pragmatic and executive deficits in right brain damaged (RBD) and in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, and to verify possible dissociations between pragmatic and executive functions in these two groups. METHODS The sample comprised 7 cases of TBI and 7 cases of RBD. All participants were assessed by means of tasks from the Montreal Communication Evaluation Battery and executive functions tests including the Trail Making Test, Hayling Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, semantic and phonemic verbal fluency tasks, and working memory tasks from the Brazilian Brief Neuropsychological Assessment Battery NEUPSILIN. Z-score was calculated and a descriptive analysis of frequency of deficits (Z< -1.5) was carried out. RESULTS RBD patients presented with deficits predominantly on conversational and narrative discursive tasks, while TBI patients showed a wider spread pattern of pragmatic deficits. Regarding EF, RBD deficits included predominantly working memory and verbal initiation impairment. On the other hand, TBI individuals again exhibited a general profile of executive dysfunction, affecting mainly working memory, initiation, inhibition, planning and switching. Pragmatic and executive deficits were generally associated upon comparisons of RBD patients and TBI cases, except for two simple dissociations: two post-TBI cases showed executive deficits in the absence of pragmatic deficits. DISCUSSION Pragmatic and executive deficits can be very frequent following TBI or vascular RBD. There seems to be an association between these abilities, indicating that although they can co-occur, a cause-consequence relationship cannot be the only hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Zimmermann
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Research Group,
Post-graduate Program in Psychology (Human Cognition), Pontifical Catholic
University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
- Master’s Student at PUCRS, supported by the Conselho
Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
| | - Gigiane Gindri
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Research Group,
Post-graduate Program in Psychology (Human Cognition), Pontifical Catholic
University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
- PhD Student at PUCRS, supported by
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento Pessoal de Nível Superior
(CAPES)
| | - Camila Rosa de Oliveira
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Research Group,
Post-graduate Program in Psychology (Human Cognition), Pontifical Catholic
University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
- Master’s Student at PUCRS, supported by the Conselho
Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
| | - Rochele Paz Fonseca
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Research Group,
Post-graduate Program in Psychology (Human Cognition), Pontifical Catholic
University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
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