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Illy VD, Cohen GJV, Verardo E, Höhener P, Guiserix N, Atteia O. Chlorinated solvents source identification by nonlinear optimization method. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:531. [PMID: 37004632 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, chloride ions were used as conservative tracers and supplemented with conservative amounts of chloroethenes (PCE, TCE, Cis-DCE, 1,1-DCE), chloroethanes (1,1,1-TCA, 1,1-DCA), and the carbon isotope ratios of certain compounds, the most representative on the sites studied, which is a novelty compared to the optimization methods developed in the scientific literature so far. A location of the potential missing sources is then proposed in view of the balances of the calculated mixing fractions. A test of the influence of measurement errors on the results shows that the uncertainties in the calculation of the mixture fractions are less than 11%, indicating that the source identification method developed is a robust tool for identifying sources of chlorinated solvents in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeureux D Illy
- EA 4592, Géoressources Et Environnement, Bordeaux INP, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, 1 Avenue Dr Schweitzer, 33400, Talence, France.
- 1 Allée du Golf, Renault SAS, 78 280, Guyancourt, France.
| | - Gregory J V Cohen
- EA 4592, Géoressources Et Environnement, Bordeaux INP, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, 1 Avenue Dr Schweitzer, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Elicia Verardo
- EA 4592, Géoressources Et Environnement, Bordeaux INP, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, 1 Avenue Dr Schweitzer, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Patrick Höhener
- Laboratoire de Chimie Environnementale-UMR 7376, Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, 3 Place Victor Hugo - Case 29, 13331, Marseille Cedex 3, France
| | | | - Olivier Atteia
- EA 4592, Géoressources Et Environnement, Bordeaux INP, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, 1 Avenue Dr Schweitzer, 33400, Talence, France
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Ritoré E, Coquelet B, Arnaiz C, Morillo J, Usero J. Guidelines for surfactant selection to treat petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:7639-7651. [PMID: 34480306 PMCID: PMC8763727 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15876-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study determined the most effective surfactants to remediate gasoline and diesel-contaminated soil integrating information from soil texture and soil organic matter. Different ranges for aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (> C6-C8, > C8-C10, > C10-C12, > C12-C16, > C16-C21, and > C21-C35) in gasoline and diesel fuel were analyzed. This type of analysis has been investigated infrequently. Three types of soils (silty clay, silt loam, and loamy sand) and four surfactants (non-ionic: Brij 35 and Tween 80; anionic: SDBS and SDS) were used. The results indicated that the largest hydrocarbon desorption was 56% for silty clay soil (SDS), 59% for silt loam soil (SDBS), and 69% for loamy sand soil (SDS). Soils with large amounts of small particles showed the worst desorption efficiencies. Anionic surfactants removed more hydrocarbons than non-ionic surfactants. It was notable that preferential desorption on different hydrocarbon ranges was observed since aliphatic hydrocarbons and large ranges were the most recalcitrant compounds of gasoline and diesel fuel components. Unlike soil texture, natural organic matter concentration caused minor changes in the hydrocarbon removal rates. Based on these results, this study might be useful as a tool to select the most cost-effective surfactant knowing the soil texture and the size and chemical structure of the hydrocarbons present in a contaminated site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Ritoré
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos, s/n, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Bruno Coquelet
- Inerco, Inspección y control S.A., La Cartuja Science and Technology Park, Calle Tomás Alva Edison, 2, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Arnaiz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos, s/n, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Morillo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos, s/n, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Usero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos, s/n, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
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Cheng Y, Zhu J. Significance of Mass–Concentration Relation on the Contaminant Source Depletion in the Nonaqueous Phase Liquid (NAPL) Contaminated Zone. Transp Porous Media 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-021-01567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Martel R, Portois C, Robert T, Uyeda M. Etched glass micromodel for laboratory simulation of NAPL recovery mechanisms by surfactant solutions in fractured rock. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2019; 227:103550. [PMID: 31493908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.103550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fractured porous media receive less attention than classic porous media in terms of remediation processes and sui` techniques that can be applied efficiently. An etched glass micromodel was built in order to simulate a fractured bedrock. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the feasibility of surfactant-alcohol injection to recover NAPL with this fractured glass micromodel. The influence of several parameters influencing NAPL recovery via surfactant injection were tested in the micromodel: the ratio of alcohol to surfactant, the total concentration of active matter (alcohol + surfactant), the number of pore volume injected, the direction of the injection, and the continuous or pulsed injection mode. These tests made it possible to identify the key parameters for a better recovery of NAPL in a fractured environment, which are: continuous upward injection, six pore volume of surfactant solution and a n-AmOH/n-BuOH ratio of 2.5. Micromodel experiments were compared to previous reported experiments using the same surfactant solutions injected in classical porous media. The lower capillary number being required for NAPL recovery in porous media is probably related to the better sweep and the increase in surface area available for NAPL dissolution. NAPL recovery may be improved by increasing the capillary number by increasing the injected surfactant solution viscosity with polymer or by injecting foam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Martel
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Clément Portois
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Thomas Robert
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Michelle Uyeda
- Jacobs Engineering Ltd, 4720 Kingsway Suite 2100, Burnaby, BC V5H4N2, Canada
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Xie Q, Mumford KG, Kueper BH, Zhao C. A numerical model for estimating the removal of volatile organic compounds in laboratory-scale treatability tests for thermal treatment of NAPL-impacted soils. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2019; 226:103526. [PMID: 31437717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.103526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Treatability tests can be carried out to assess the potential effectiveness of thermal treatment technologies under different site conditions and are important for specific technology selection and design. In order to reduce the costs for laboratory tests and expand the insights from previous treatability studies, a one-dimensional (1D) radial finite difference model was developed to simulate the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in laboratory thermal treatability tests. The processes considered in the model include heat conduction, co-boiling of single-component or multi-component NAPLs with water, and water boiling. An explicit approach is used to simulate the evolution of NAPL composition for multi-component NAPLs during heating. The developed model adopts only two fitting parameters and was calibrated and validated using previous laboratory experiments. In this paper, the developed model was first calibrated to three laboratory experiments using temperature measurements, which resulted in matches to the NAPL and gas saturations. After calibration, the model was able to predict the temperature, NAPL and gas saturations for the remaining seven experiments, including those with single and multi-component NAPLs, using the average value of each fitting parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Xie
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Kevin G Mumford
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Bernard H Kueper
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Chen Zhao
- Morrison Hershfield, 2400 Don Reid Drive, Ottawa, ON K1H 1E1, Canada
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Bahar T, Golfier F, Oltéan C, Lefevre E, Lorgeoux C. Comparison of theory and experiment for NAPL dissolution in porous media. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2018; 211:49-64. [PMID: 29573829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of groundwater resources by an immiscible organic phase commonly called NAPL (Non Aqueous Phase Liquid) represents a major scientific challenge considering the residence time of such a pollutant. This contamination leads to the formation of NAPL blobs trapped in the soil and impact of this residual saturation cannot be ignored for correct predictions of the contaminant fate. In this paper, we present results of micromodel experiments on the dissolution of pure hydrocarbon phase (toluene). They were conducted for two values of the Péclet number. These experiments provide data for comparison and validation of a two-phase non-equilibrium theoretical model developed by Quintard and Whitaker (1994) using the volume averaging method. The model was directly upscaled from the averaged pore-scale mass balance equations. The effective properties of the macroscopic model were calculated over periodic unit cells designed from images of the experimental flow cell. Comparison of experimental and numerical results shows that the transport model predicts correctly - with no fitting parameters - the main mechanisms of NAPL mass transfer. The study highlights the crucial need of having a fair recovery of pore-scale characteristic lengths to predict the mass transfer coefficient with accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bahar
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CREGU, GeoRessources lab., Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex F-54518, France.
| | - F Golfier
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CREGU, GeoRessources lab., Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex F-54518, France
| | - C Oltéan
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CREGU, GeoRessources lab., Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex F-54518, France
| | - E Lefevre
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CREGU, GeoRessources lab., Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex F-54518, France
| | - C Lorgeoux
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CREGU, GeoRessources lab., Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex F-54518, France
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Jousse F, Atteia O, Höhener P, Cohen G. Removal of NAPL from columns by oxidation, sparging, surfactant and thermal treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 188:182-189. [PMID: 28886552 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, four treatment techniques commonly applied to Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) removal from soil are compared in column experiments with pure sand containing a residual Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (L-NAPL) contamination. Oxidation is tested through the injection of Fenton reagent, with persulfate, and combined with sparging with the injection of ozone. Surfactant treatment was conducted at low flow rates with Tween®80. Sparging was conducted by air injection but at a low flow rate of 1 mL min-1. Finally several columns were thermally treated at a temperature of 80 °C. The results showed high removal (>90%) for all techniques used, although only thermal treatment on BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes) reached 100% efficiency. The main limiting factors of each technique were: (i) for oxidation, the solubility of the substance limited the removal; (ii) for surfactant both the solubility in the surfactant and the type of surfactant are important; (iii) for sparging, the main factors are contaminant vapor pressure and porous media grain size; (iv) for thermal treatment, the limitation arises from the contaminant vapor pressure and the medium hydraulic conductivity. A comparison with literature data shows that the results are consistent with most of the studies conducted on one technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jousse
- Fondation Innovasol, 1 Allee Daguin, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - O Atteia
- Fondation Innovasol, 1 Allee Daguin, 33607, Pessac, France; ENSEGID - EA 4592 Géoressources et Environnement, Institut Carnot Isifor, 1 Allee Daguin, 33607, Pessac, France.
| | - P Höhener
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR 7376, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, 3 place Victor Hugo, F-13331, Marseille, France
| | - G Cohen
- Fondation Innovasol, 1 Allee Daguin, 33607, Pessac, France; ENSEGID - EA 4592 Géoressources et Environnement, Institut Carnot Isifor, 1 Allee Daguin, 33607, Pessac, France
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