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Pottenger AE, Roy D, Srinivasan S, Chavas TEJ, Vlaskin V, Ho DK, Livingston VC, Maktabi M, Lin H, Zhang J, Pybus B, Kudyba K, Roth A, Senter P, Tyson G, Huber HE, Wesche D, Rochford R, Burke PA, Stayton PS. Liver-targeted polymeric prodrugs delivered subcutaneously improve tafenoquine therapeutic window for malaria radical cure. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk4492. [PMID: 38640243 PMCID: PMC11029812 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 3.3 billion people live with the threat of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Infection can result in liver-localized hypnozoites, which when reactivated cause relapsing malaria. This work demonstrates that an enzyme-cleavable polymeric prodrug of tafenoquine addresses key requirements for a mass administration, eradication campaign: excellent subcutaneous bioavailability, complete parasite control after a single dose, improved therapeutic window compared to the parent oral drug, and low cost of goods sold (COGS) at less than $1.50 per dose. Liver targeting and subcutaneous dosing resulted in improved liver:plasma exposure profiles, with increased efficacy and reduced glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-dependent hemotoxicity in validated preclinical models. A COGS and manufacturability analysis demonstrated global scalability, affordability, and the ability to redesign this fully synthetic polymeric prodrug specifically to increase global equity and access. Together, this polymer prodrug platform is a candidate for evaluation in human patients and shows potential for P. vivax eradication campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi E. Pottenger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Debashish Roy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Selvi Srinivasan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Thomas E. J. Chavas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Vladmir Vlaskin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Duy-Khiet Ho
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Mahdi Maktabi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Hsiuling Lin
- Department of Drug Discovery, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Drug Discovery, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Brandon Pybus
- Department of Drug Discovery, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Karl Kudyba
- Department of Drug Discovery, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Alison Roth
- Department of Drug Discovery, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | | | - George Tyson
- George Tyson Consulting, Los Altos Hills, CA 94022, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hans E. Huber
- BioTD Strategies LLC, 213 Abbey Ln., Lansdale, PA 19446, USA
| | | | - Rosemary Rochford
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Paul A. Burke
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Burke Bioventures LLC, 1 Broadway 14th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Patrick S. Stayton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Prasanna P, Kumar P, Kumar S, Rajana VK, Kant V, Prasad SR, Mohan U, Ravichandiran V, Mandal D. Current status of nanoscale drug delivery and the future of nano-vaccine development for leishmaniasis - A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111920. [PMID: 34328115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of tropical diseases like leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease, has not received much attention even though it is the second-largest infectious disease after malaria. As per the WHO report, a total of 0.7-1.0 million new leishmaniasis cases, which are spread by 23 Leishmania species in more than 98 countries, are estimated with an alarming 26,000-65,000 death toll every year. Lack of potential vaccines along with the cost and toxicity of amphotericin B (AmB), the most common drug for the treatment of leishmaniasis, has raised the interest significantly for new formulations and drug delivery systems including nanoparticle-based delivery as anti-leishmanial agents. The size, shape, and high surface area to volume ratio of different NPs make them ideal for many biological applications. The delivery of drugs through liposome, polymeric, and solid-lipid NPs provides the advantage of high biocomatibilty of the carrier with reduced toxicity. Importantly, NP-based delivery has shown improved efficacy due to targeted delivery of the payload and synergistic action of NP and payload on the target. This review analyses the advantage of NP-based delivery over standard chemotherapy and natural product-based delivery system. The role of different physicochemical properties of a nanoscale delivery system is discussed. Further, different ways of nanoformulation delivery ranging from liposome, niosomes, polymeric, metallic, solid-lipid NPs were updated along with the possible mechanisms of action against the parasite. The status of current nano-vaccines and the future potential of NP-based vaccine are elaborated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Prasanna
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India.
| | - Prakash Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India.
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India.
| | - Vinod Kumar Rajana
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India.
| | - Vishnu Kant
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India.
| | - Surendra Rajit Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India.
| | - Utpal Mohan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - Debabrata Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India.
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3
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Batool S, Zahid F, Ud-Din F, Naz SS, Dar MJ, Khan MW, Zeb A, Khan GM. Macrophage targeting with the novel carbopol-based miltefosine-loaded transfersomal gel for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: in vitro and in vivo analyses. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:440-453. [PMID: 33615936 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1890768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop novel carbopol-based miltefosine-loaded transfersomal gel (HePCTG) for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) via efficient targeting of leishmania infected macrophages. METHODS Miltefosine-loaded transfersomes (HePCT) were prepared by ethanol injection method followed by their incorporation into carbopol gel to form HePCTG. The prepared HePCT were assessed for physicochemical properties including mean particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, morphology, and deformability. Similarly, HePCTG was evaluated for physiochemical and rheological attributes. The in vitro release, skin permeation, skin irritation, anti-leishmanial activity, and in vivo efficacy in BALB/c mice against infected macrophages were also performed for HePCT. RESULTS The optimized HePCT displayed a particle size of 168 nm with entrapment efficiency of 92%. HePCTG showed suitable viscosity, pH, and sustained release of the incorporated drug. Furthermore, HePCT and HePCTG demonstrated higher skin permeation than drug solution. The results of macrophage uptake study indicated improved drug intake by passive diffusion. The lower half maximal inhibitory concentration value, selectivity index and higher 50% cytotoxic concentration value of HePCT compared to that of HePC solution demonstrated the improved anti-leishmanial efficacy and non-toxicity of the formulation. This was further confirmed by the notable reduction in parasite load and lesion size observed in in vivo anti-leishmanial study. CONCLUSION It can be stated that the formulated HePCTG can effectively be used for the treatment of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibgha Batool
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Zahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar- Ud-Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Sohaila Naz
- Department of Nanosciences & Technology, National Centre for Physics, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid Dar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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4
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Varma DM, Redding EA, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Nano- and Microformulations to Advance Therapies for Visceral Leishmaniasis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 7:1725-1741. [PMID: 33966377 PMCID: PMC10372633 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a deadly, vector-borne, neglected tropical disease endemic to arid parts of the world and is caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania. Chemotherapy is the primary treatment for this systemic disease, and multiple potent therapies exist against this intracellular parasite. However, several factors, such as systemic toxicity, high costs, arduous treatment regimen, and rising drug resistance, are barriers for effective therapy against VL. Material-based platforms have the potential to revolutionize chemotherapy for leishmaniasis by imparting a better pharmacokinetic profile and creating patient-friendly routes of administration, while also lowering the risk for drug resistance. This review highlights promising drug delivery strategies and novel therapies that have been evaluated in preclinical models, demonstrating the potential to advance chemotherapy for VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika M. Varma
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Redding
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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5
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Wagner V, Minguez-Menendez A, Pena J, Fernández-Prada C. Innovative Solutions for the Control of Leishmaniases: Nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1582-1592. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190621154552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Leishmania are sandfly-transmitted protozoan parasites that harbour within the macrophages
of a mammalian host and cause leishmaniasis, a serious zoonotic disease that threatens the lives of millions
worldwide. Its numerous forms (cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral) are currently treated with a sparse
arsenal of drugs, specifically antimonials, amphotericin B, miltefosine, and paromomycin, for which drug resistance
and clinical failure are rampant. Medicine is presently trending towards nanotechnology to aid in the successful
delivery of drugs. Vehicles such as lipid-based nanocarriers, polymer-based nanoparticles, and metal ions
and oxides have been previously demonstrated to improve bioavailability of drugs and decrease toxicity for the
patient. These cutting-edge solutions can be combined with existing active molecules, as well as novel drugs or
plant extracts with promising antileishmanial activity.
Conclusion:
This review explores the current evidence for the treatment of leishmaniases using nanoscale drug
delivery systems (specifically lipid-, polymer- and metal-based systems) and encourages further development of
the aforementioned nanotechnologies for treatment of Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Wagner
- Departement de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculte de Medecine Veterinaire Universite de Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aida Minguez-Menendez
- Departement de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculte de Medecine Veterinaire Universite de Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joan Pena
- Departement de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculte de Medecine Veterinaire Universite de Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher Fernández-Prada
- Departement de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculte de Medecine Veterinaire Universite de Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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Kotrchová L, Etrych T. Synthesis of water-soluble star polymers based on cyclodextrins. Physiol Res 2019; 67:S357-S365. [PMID: 30379556 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel star polymers based on the water-soluble N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer and cyclodextrin were synthesized and the physico-chemical behavior of these precursors was studied. Semitelechelic HPMA copolymers were grafted onto the cyclodextrin core, thus forming star-like structure. Both prepared systems were designed as possible polymer carriers for the controlled release of cytostatic drugs, which after the drug release and degradation will be eliminated from the organism. Two synthesis approaches were used to obtain similar polymer carriers with different degradation rates. All the polymers were prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization, which guarantees low dispersity of the prepared systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kotrchová
- Department of Biomedicinal Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Englert C, Brendel JC, Majdanski TC, Yildirim T, Schubert S, Gottschaldt M, Windhab N, Schubert US. Pharmapolymers in the 21st century: Synthetic polymers in drug delivery applications. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Mvango S, Matshe WMR, Balogun AO, Pilcher LA, Balogun MO. Nanomedicines for Malaria Chemotherapy: Encapsulation vs. Polymer Therapeutics. Pharm Res 2018; 35:237. [PMID: 30324329 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the oldest infectious diseases that afflict humans and its history extends back for millennia. It was once prevalent throughout the globe but today it is mainly endemic to tropical regions like sub-Saharan Africa and South-east Asia. Ironically, treatment for malaria has existed for centuries yet it still exerts an enormous death toll. This contradiction is attributed in part to the rapid development of resistance by the malaria parasite to chemotherapeutic drugs. In turn, resistance has been fuelled by poor patient compliance to the relatively toxic antimalarial drugs. While drug toxicity and poor pharmacological potentials have been addressed or ameliorated with various nanomedicine drug delivery systems in diseases like cancer, no clinically significant success story has been reported for malaria. There have been several reviews on the application of nanomedicine technologies, especially drug encapsulation, to malaria treatment. Here we extend the scope of the collation of the nanomedicine research literature to polymer therapeutics technology. We first discuss the history of the disease and how a flurry of scientific breakthroughs in the latter part of the nineteenth century provided scientific understanding of the disease. This is followed by a review of the disease biology and the major antimalarial chemotherapy. The achievements of nanomedicine in cancer and other infectious diseases are discussed to draw parallels with malaria. A review of the current state of the research into malaria nanomedicines, both encapsulation and polymer therapeutics polymer-drug conjugation technologies, is covered and we conclude with a consideration of the opportunities and challenges offered by both technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindisiwe Mvango
- Biopolymer Modification & Therapeutics Lab, Polymers & Composites, Materials Science & Manufacturing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - William M R Matshe
- Biopolymer Modification & Therapeutics Lab, Polymers & Composites, Materials Science & Manufacturing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Abideen O Balogun
- Department of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lynne A Pilcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Mohammed O Balogun
- Biopolymer Modification & Therapeutics Lab, Polymers & Composites, Materials Science & Manufacturing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
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9
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Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by germs, parasites, fungi, virus and bacteria are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Polymeric therapeutics are nanomedicines that offer several advantages making them useful for the treatment of infectious diseases such as targeted drug release mechanism, ability to maintain the drug concentration within a therapeutic window for a desired duration, biocompatibility with low immunogenicity and reduced drug toxicity resulting in enhanced therapeutic efficacy of the incorporated drug. Although polymeric therapeutics have been evaluated for the treatment of infectious diseases in vitro and in vivo with improved therapeutic efficacy, most treatments for infectious disease have not been evaluated using polymeric therapeutics. This review will focus on the applications of polymeric therapeutics for the treatment of infectious diseases (preclinical studies and clinical trials), with particular focus on parasitic and viral infections.
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10
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Scala A, Piperno A, Micale N, Mineo PG, Abbadessa A, Risoluti R, Castelli G, Bruno F, Vitale F, Cascio A, Grassi G. "Click" on PLGA-PEG and hyaluronic acid: Gaining access to anti-leishmanial pentamidine bioconjugates. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:2778-2785. [PMID: 29219244 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pentamidine (Pent), an antiparasitic drug used for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis, has been modified with terminal azide groups and conjugated to two different polymer backbones (PLGA-PEG [PP] copolymer and hyaluronic acid [HA]) armed with alkyne end-groups. The conjugation has been performed by Copper Catalyzed Azido Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC) using CuSO4 /sodium ascorbate as metal source. The novel PP-Pent and HA-Pent bioconjugates are proposed, respectively, as non-targeted and targeted drug delivery systems against Leishmania infections. Moreover, Pent has been encapsulated into PP nanoparticles by the oil-in-water emulsion method, with the aim to compare the biological activity of the bioconjugates with that of the classical drug-loaded delivery system that physically entraps the therapeutic agent. Biological assays against Leishmania infantum amastigote-infected macrophages and primary macrophages revealed that Pent, either covalently conjugated with polymers or loaded into polymeric nanoparticles, turned out to be more potent and less toxic than the free Pent. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2778-2785, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Scala
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Piperno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.,INSTM - Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (UdR Catania e Messina), Italy
| | - Nicola Micale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Placido G Mineo
- INSTM - Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (UdR Catania e Messina), Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.,CNR-IPCB Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali; Via P. Gaifami 18, I-95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Abbadessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Risoluti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università La Sapienza Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Germano Castelli
- National Reference Center for Leishmaniasis (C.Re.Na.L.), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Bruno
- National Reference Center for Leishmaniasis (C.Re.Na.L.), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vitale
- National Reference Center for Leishmaniasis (C.Re.Na.L.), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
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11
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Wong SY, Putnam D. The stochastic effect of polydispersity on polymeric DNA delivery vectors. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Y. Wong
- Meinig School of Biomedical EngineeringCornell UniversityIthaca New York 14853
| | - David Putnam
- Meinig School of Biomedical EngineeringCornell UniversityIthaca New York 14853
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringCornell UniversityIthaca New York 14853
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12
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Natfji AA, Osborn HM, Greco F. Feasibility of polymer-drug conjugates for non-cancer applications. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Chytil P, Koziolová E, Etrych T, Ulbrich K. HPMA Copolymer-Drug Conjugates with Controlled Tumor-Specific Drug Release. Macromol Biosci 2017; 18. [PMID: 28805040 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, numerous polymer drug carrier systems are designed and synthesized, and their properties are evaluated. Many of these systems are based on water-soluble polymer carriers of low-molecular-weight drugs and compounds, e.g., cytostatic agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, or multidrug resistance inhibitors, all covalently bound to a carrier by a biodegradable spacer that enables controlled release of the active molecule to achieve the desired pharmacological effect. Among others, the synthetic polymer carriers based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers are some of the most promising carriers for this purpose. This review focuses on advances in the development of HPMA copolymer carriers and their conjugates with anticancer drugs, with triggered drug activation in tumor tissue and especially in tumor cells. Specifically, this review highlights the improvements in polymer drug carrier design with respect to the structure of a spacer to influence controlled drug release and activation, and its impact on the drug pharmacokinetics, enhanced tumor uptake, cellular trafficking, and in vivo antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Koziolová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Ulbrich
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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14
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Bruni N, Stella B, Giraudo L, Della Pepa C, Gastaldi D, Dosio F. Nanostructured delivery systems with improved leishmanicidal activity: a critical review. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5289-5311. [PMID: 28794624 PMCID: PMC5536235 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s140363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, which are responsible for numerous clinical manifestations, such as cutaneous, visceral, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, depending on the site of infection for particular species. These complexities threaten 350 million people in 98 countries worldwide. Amastigotes living within macrophage phagolysosomes are the principal target of antileishmanial treatment, but these are not an easy target as drugs must overcome major structural barriers. Furthermore, limitations on current therapy are related to efficacy, toxicity, and cost, as well as the length of treatment, which can increase parasitic resistance. Nanotechnology has emerged as an attractive alternative as conventional drugs delivered by nanosized carriers have improved bioavailability and reduced toxicity, together with other characteristics that help to relieve the burden of this disease. The significance of using colloidal carriers loaded with active agents derives from the physiological uptake route of intravenous administered nanosystems (the phagocyte system). Nanosystems are thus able to promote a high drug concentration in intracellular mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)-infected cells. Moreover, the versatility of nanometric drug delivery systems for the deliberate transport of a range of molecules plays a pivotal role in the design of therapeutic strategies against leishmaniasis. This review discusses studies on nanocarriers that have greatly contributed to improving the efficacy of antileishmaniasis drugs, presenting a critical review and some suggestions for improving drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Stella
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Della Pepa
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Gastaldi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Franco Dosio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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15
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Yuan WJ, Yuan JB, Peng JB, Ding YQ, Zhu JX, Ren G. Flavonoids from the roots of Artocarpus heterophyllus. Fitoterapia 2017; 117:133-137. [PMID: 28163073 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Four new flavonoids, artoheteroids A-D (1-4), together with six known ones (5-10), were isolated from the roots of Artocarpus heterophyllus. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, CD, and HR-ESI-MS. All isolated compounds were screened for their inhibitory abilities against cathepsin K (CatK). Among them, compounds 1-2, 4-6, and 10 were found to have suppression capabilities against CatK with IC50 values ranging from 1.4 to 93.9μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Yuan
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jin-Bin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jia-Bing Peng
- the People's Hospital of Yingshang, Yingshang 236200, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Ding
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ji-Xiao Zhu
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Gang Ren
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA.
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16
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Aderibigbe B, Ray SS. Preparation, characterization and in vitro release kinetics of polyaspartamide-based conjugates containing antimalarial and anticancer agents for combination therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Ding Y, Liu H, Tekwani BL, Nanayakkara NPD, Khan IA, Walker LA, Doerksen RJ. Methemoglobinemia Hemotoxicity of Some Antimalarial 8-Aminoquinoline Analogues and Their Hydroxylated Derivatives: Density Functional Theory Computation of Ionization Potentials. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1132-41. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Ding
- National Center for Natural Products Research,
Research Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, and ‡Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School
of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Haining Liu
- National Center for Natural Products Research,
Research Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, and ‡Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School
of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research,
Research Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, and ‡Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School
of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - N. P. Dhammika Nanayakkara
- National Center for Natural Products Research,
Research Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, and ‡Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School
of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research,
Research Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, and ‡Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School
of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Larry A. Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research,
Research Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, and ‡Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School
of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Robert J. Doerksen
- National Center for Natural Products Research,
Research Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, and ‡Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School
of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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18
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Ulbrich K, Holá K, Šubr V, Bakandritsos A, Tuček J, Zbořil R. Targeted Drug Delivery with Polymers and Magnetic Nanoparticles: Covalent and Noncovalent Approaches, Release Control, and Clinical Studies. Chem Rev 2016; 116:5338-431. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1120] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Ulbrich
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Holá
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Šubr
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Tuček
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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19
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Gutiérrez V, Seabra AB, Reguera RM, Khandare J, Calderón M. New approaches from nanomedicine for treating leishmaniasis. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:152-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00674k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent progress in nanomedicine for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Gutiérrez
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Amedea B. Seabra
- Exact and Earth Sciences Department
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo
- Diadema
- Brazil
| | - Rosa M. Reguera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas
- Universidad de León
- León
- Spain
| | | | - Marcelo Calderón
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
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20
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Xu H, Ma H, Yang P, Zhang X, Wu X, Yin W, Wang H, Xu D. Targeted polymer-drug conjugates: Current progress and future perspective. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 136:729-34. [PMID: 26513756 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The combination of polymer technology and targeted drug delivery may pave the way for more effective yet safer therapeutic options for cancer therapy. Polymer-drug conjugates belonging to polymer therapeutics represent an emerging approach for drug delivery. The development of smart targeted polymer-drug conjugates that can specifically deliver drugs at a sustained rate to tumor cells may substantially improve the therapeutic index of anticancer agents. In this update, we provide an overview of the most important targeting molecules, and systemically summarize the recent advances in the development of tumor-targeted polymer-drug conjugates. Additionally, several promising approaches for the future will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xu
- Department of pharmacy, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Linzi, Shandong Province 255400, China
| | - Haifeng Ma
- Department of pharmacy, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Linzi, Shandong Province 255400, China.
| | - Peimin Yang
- Department of pharmacy, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Linzi, Shandong Province 255400, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of pharmacy, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Linzi, Shandong Province 255400, China
| | - Xiangxia Wu
- Department of pharmacy, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Linzi, Shandong Province 255400, China
| | - Weidong Yin
- Department of pharmacy, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Linzi, Shandong Province 255400, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of pharmacy, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Linzi, Shandong Province 255400, China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Department of pharmacy, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Linzi, Shandong Province 255400, China
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21
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Yang J, Kopeček J. Macromolecular therapeutics. J Control Release 2014; 190:288-303. [PMID: 24747162 PMCID: PMC4142088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review covers water-soluble polymer-drug conjugates and macromolecules that possess biological activity without attached low molecular weight drugs. The main design principles of traditional and backbone degradable polymer-drug conjugates as well as the development of a new paradigm in nanomedicines - (low molecular weight) drug-free macromolecular therapeutics are discussed. To address the biological features of cancer, macromolecular therapeutics directed to stem/progenitor cells and the tumor microenvironment are deliberated. Finally, the future perspectives of the field are briefly debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA.
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22
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Ding Y, Liu H, Nanayakkara NPD, Khan IA, Tekwani BL, Walker LA, Doerksen RJ. Hydroxylated derivatives of NPC1161: theoretical insights into their potential toxicity and the feasibility and regioselectivity of their formation. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:5501-7. [PMID: 24956138 PMCID: PMC4216223 DOI: 10.1021/jp502612t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
For antimalarial 8-aminoquinoline
(8-AQ) drugs, the ionization
potential (energy required to remove an electron) of their putative
metabolites has been proposed to be correlated in part to their hemotoxicity
potential. NPC1161 is a developmental candidate as an 8-AQ antimalarial
drug. In this work, the ionization potentials (IPs) of the S-NPC1161 (NPC1161a) hydroxylated derivatives, which are
possible metabolites derived from action of endogenous cytochrome
P450 (CYP450) enzymes, were calculated at the B3LYP-SCRF(PCM)/6-311++G**//B3LYP/6-31G**
level in water. The derivative hydroxylated at N1′ (8-amino)
was found to have the smallest IP of ∼430 kJ/mol, predicting
that it would be the most hemotoxic. The calculated IPs of the derivatives
hydroxylated at the C2 and C7 positions were ∼475 and ∼478
kJ/mol, respectively, whereas the calculated IPs of those hydroxylated
at all other possible positions were between 480 and 490 kJ/mol. The
homolytic bond dissociation energies (HBDEs) of all C–H/N–H
bonds in NPC1161a were also calculated. The smaller HBDEs of the C–H/N–H
bonds on the 8-amino side chain suggest that these positions are more
easily hydroxylated compared to other sites. Molecular orbital analysis
implies that the N1′ position should be the most reactive center
when NPC1161 approaches the heme in CYP450.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Ding
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry, §Department of Pharmacognosy, and ∥Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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23
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Polymer–Drug Conjugate in Focal Drug Delivery. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-9434-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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24
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Drug resistance in leishmaniasis: current drug-delivery systems and future perspectives. Future Med Chem 2013; 5:1877-88. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a complex of diseases with numerous clinical manifestations for instance harshness from skin lesions to severe disfigurement and chronic systemic infection in the liver and spleen. So far, the most classical leishmaniasis therapy, despite its documented toxicities, remains pentavalent antimonial compounds. The arvailable therapeutic modalities for leishmaniasis are overwhelmed with resistance to leishmaniasis therapy. Mechanisms of classical drug resistance are often related with the lower drug uptake, increased efflux, the faster drug metabolism, drug target modifications and over-expression of drug transporters. The high prevalence of leishmaniasis and the appearance of resistance to classical drugs reveal the demand to develop and explore novel, less toxic, low cost and more promising therapeutic modalities. The review describes the mechanisms of classical drug resistance and potential drug targets in Leishmania infection. Moreover, current drug-delivery systems and future perspectives towards Leishmaniasis treatment are also covered.
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25
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Kopeček J. Polymer-drug conjugates: origins, progress to date and future directions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:49-59. [PMID: 23123294 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This overview focuses on bioconjugates of water-soluble polymers with low molecular weight drugs and proteins. After a short discussion of the origins of the field, the state-of-the-art is reviewed. Then research directions needed for the acceleration of the translation of nanomedicines into the clinic are outlined. Two most important directions, synthesis of backbone degradable polymer carriers and drug-free macromolecular therapeutics, a new paradigm in drug delivery, are discussed in detail. Finally, the future perspectives of the field are briefly discussed.
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26
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Greco F, Arif I, Botting R, Fante C, Quintieri L, Clementi C, Schiavon O, Pasut G. Polysialic acid as a drug carrier: evaluation of a new polysialic acid–epirubicin conjugate and its comparison against established drug carriers. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20876h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Khan W, Kumar R, Singh S, Arora SK, Kumar N. Paromomycin-loaded albumin microspheres: Efficacy and stability studies. Drug Test Anal 2012; 5:468-73. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wahid Khan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER); Nagar; India
| | - Rajendra Kumar
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER); Chandigarh; India
| | - Sukhvinder Singh
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER); Chandigarh; India
| | - Sunil Kumar Arora
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER); Chandigarh; India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER); Nagar; India
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28
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Synthesis and in vitro Characterization of Semitelechelic Poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-Trastuzumab Conjugates Targeted to Breast Cancer. Macromol Biosci 2011; 12:55-60. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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HPMA Copolymer-Aminohexylgeldanamycin Conjugates Targeting Cell Surface Expressed GRP78 in Prostate Cancer. Pharm Res 2010; 27:2683-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Sanchis J, Canal F, Lucas R, Vicent MJ. Polymer–drug conjugates for novel molecular targets. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:915-35. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer therapeutics can be already considered as a promising field in the human healthcare context. The discovery of the enhanced permeability and retention effect by Maeda, together with the modular model for the polymer–drug conjugate proposed by Ringsdorf, directed the early steps of polymer therapeutics towards cancer therapy. Orthodox anticancer drugs were preferentially chosen in the development of the first conjugates. The fast evolution of polymer chemistry and bioconjugation techniques, and a deeper understanding of cell biology has opened up exciting new challenges and opportunities. Four main directions have to be considered to develop this ‘platform technology’ further: the control of the synthetic process, the exhaustive characterization of the conjugate architectures, the conquest of combination therapy and the disclosure of new therapeutic targets. We illustrate in this article the exciting approaches offered by polymer–drug conjugates beyond classical cancer therapy, focusing on new, more effective and selective targets in cancer and in their use as treatments for other major human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rut Lucas
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Medicinal Chemistry Department, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. Av. Autopista del Saler, 16. E-46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - María J Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Medicinal Chemistry Department, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. Av. Autopista del Saler, 16. E-46012 Valencia, Spain
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31
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Khan W, Kumar N. Drug targeting to macrophages using paromomycin-loaded albumin microspheres for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis: anin vitroevaluation. J Drug Target 2010; 19:239-50. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2010.492524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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32
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Gupta S, Pal A, Vyas SP. Drug delivery strategies for therapy of visceral leishmaniasis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:371-402. [PMID: 20201740 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903548232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most overwhelming type of leishmaniasis associated with the poverty of developing countries and usually mortal if untreated. Most of the conventionally used dosage forms offer us the shortcomings of toxic side effects and emergence of drug resistance. Several efforts have been made to overcome the barriers involved in the treatment of VL. Colloidal carriers extensively represent the drug delivery systems (DDSs) for intracellular localization of antileishmanial compounds in macrophage-rich organs such as liver, spleen and bone marrow. These DDSs offer superior therapeutic efficacy over the conventional treatment in terms of site-specific drug delivery with reduced side effects. However, after 35 years of research in the field, AmBisome (Amphotericin B liposome for injection, Astellas Pharma US, Inc.) is the only DDS used against the VL. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW A literature search was performed (for drugs and DDSs against VL) on PubMed and through Google. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This review aims to describe the pathophysiology of VL and its current conventional treatment with special reference to DDSs designed against VL. TAKE HOME MESSAGE On reviewing the conventional drugs and DDSs developed against VL, it is concluded that advances in the field of targeted drug delivery can result in more efficient strategies for the therapy of VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Gupta
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (PB), India.
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33
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Nicoletti S, Seifert K, Gilbert IH. Water-soluble polymer-drug conjugates for combination chemotherapy against visceral leishmaniasis. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:2559-65. [PMID: 20338769 PMCID: PMC2862900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for new safe, effective and short-course treatments for leishmaniasis; one strategy is to use combination chemotherapy. Polymer–drug conjugates have shown promise for the delivery of anti-leishmanial agents such as amphotericin B. In this paper, we report on the preparation and biological evaluation of polymer–drug conjugates of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA), amphotericin B and alendronic acid. The combinatorial polymer–drug conjugates were effective anti-leishmanial agents in vitro and in vivo, but offered no advantage over the single poly(HPMA)–amphotericin B conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nicoletti
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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34
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Beyond oncology--application of HPMA copolymers in non-cancerous diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:258-71. [PMID: 19909776 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular drug conjugates have been developed to improve the efficacy and safety profile of various therapeutic agents for many years. Among them, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-drug conjugates are the most extensively studied delivery platforms for the effective treatment of cancer. In recent years, the applications of HPMA copolymers for the treatment of a broader range of non-cancerous diseases have also been explored. This review highlights the recent developments in the rational design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel HPMA copolymer-drug conjugates for non-cancerous diseases, such as musculoskeletal diseases, infectious diseases and spinal cord injury. The translation potential of these applications is also briefly discussed.
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35
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Callahan J, Kopečkov P, Kopeček J. Intracellular trafficking and subcellular distribution of a large array of HPMA copolymers. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1704-14. [PMID: 21197960 DOI: 10.1021/bm801514x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The basic physicochemical properties that determine the distribution and fate of synthetic macromolecules in living cells were characterized using fluorescently labeled HPMA (N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) copolymers. Twelve different classes of water-soluble copolymers were created by incorporating eight different functionalized comonomers. These comonomers possessed functional groups with positive or negative charges or contained short hydrophobic peptides. The copolymers were fractionated to create parallel "ladders" consisting of 10 fractions of narrow polydispersity with molecular weights ranging from 10 to 200 kDa. The intracellular distributions were characterized for copolymer solutions microinjected into the cytoplasm of cultured ovarian carcinoma cells. Even the highest molecular weight HPMA copolymers were shown to quickly and evenly diffuse throughout the cytoplasm and remain excluded from membrane-bound organelles, regardless of composition. The exceptions were the strongly cationic copolymers, which demonstrated a pronounced localization to microtubules. For all copolymers, nuclear entry was consistent with passive transport through the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Nuclear uptake was shown to be largely dictated by the molecular weight of the copolymers, however, detailed kinetic analyses showed that nuclear import rates were moderately, but significantly, affected by differences in comonomer composition. HPMA copolymers containing amide-terminated phenylalanine-glycine (FG) sequences, analogous to those found in the NPC channel protein, demonstrated a potential to regulate import to the nuclear compartment. Kinetic analyses showed that 15 kDa copolymers containing GGFG, but not those containing GGLFG, peptide pendant groups altered the size-exclusion characteristics of NPC-mediated nuclear import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Callahan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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36
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Nicoletti S, Seifert K, Gilbert IH. N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide-amphotericin B (HPMA-AmB) copolymer conjugates as antileishmanial agents. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 33:441-8. [PMID: 19097763 PMCID: PMC2669511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a major health problem in many parts of the world, caused by various species of Leishmania. Amastigotes are the clinically relevant form of the parasite in the human host and reside in the parasitophorous vacuole within macrophages. Polymer-drug conjugates have been used for lysosomotropic drug delivery and have already shown potential in anticancer and antileishmanial chemotherapy. We synthesised N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide-amphotericin B (HPMA-AmB) copolymer conjugates in which the AmB was attached to the polymer through a degradable GlyPheLeuGly linker. Antileishmanial activity was assessed in vitro against intracellular amastigotes in host macrophages [murine peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEMs), murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and differentiated THP-1 cells]. The most potent copolymers had 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) values of 0.03 microg/mL AmB equivalent against Leishmania donovani amastigotes in PEMs and BMMs and an EC(50) of 0.57 microg/mL AmB equivalent against L. donovani in THP-1 cells. This activity was comparable with free AmB (EC(50)=0.03-0.07 microg/mL against L. donovani in PEMs and BMMs and 0.24-0.42 microg/mL against amastigotes in THP-1 cells) and Fungizone (EC(50)=0.04-0.07 microg/mL against amastigotes in PEMs). Conjugates also showed potent in vivo activity with ca. 50% inhibition of parasite burden at 1mg/kg body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nicoletti
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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Bastos LM, Júnior RJO, Silva DAO, Mineo JR, Vieira CU, Teixeira DNS, Homsi-Brandeburgo MI, Rodrigues VM, Hamaguchi A. Toxoplasma gondii: Effects of neuwiedase, a metalloproteinase from Bothrops neuwiedi snake venom, on the invasion and replication of human fibroblasts in vitro. Exp Parasitol 2008; 120:391-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2008.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nan A, Ghandehari H, Hebert C, Siavash H, Nikitakis N, Reynolds M, Sauk JJ. Water-soluble polymers for targeted drug delivery to human squamous carcinoma of head and neck. J Drug Target 2008; 13:189-97. [PMID: 16036307 DOI: 10.1080/10611860500065187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Human squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is characterized by over expression of a tumor cell surface-specific receptor namely Hsp47/CBP2 that makes it a favorable candidate for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. Several synthetic peptides have been identified as effective ligands for binding to CBP2. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of water-soluble N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-doxorubicin (Dox) conjugates containing a Hsp47/CBP2 binding peptide sequence, namely WHYPWFQNWAMA for targeted delivery to SCCHN. An HPMA copolymer containing Dox and CBP2 targeting peptide conjugated via lysosomally degradable glycylphenylalanylleucylglycine (GFLG) spacer was synthesized by free radical precipitation copolymerization. A control polymer without targeting moiety was also synthesized. The conjugates were characterized for drug content, peptide content, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. The uptake of polymeric conjugates by both drug resistant and drug sensitive SCCHN cells were determined in vitro by flow cytometry using FACS scan analysis. Cytotoxicity of the conjugates towards drug sensitive as well as multidrug resistant SCCHN cells were evaluated by a clonal survival assay and compared to free Dox. The cytotoxicity of the free peptide was similarly evaluated. The internalization and subcellular fate of the conjugates in drug sensitive SCCHN cells was monitored using confocal microscopy. The new targetable copolymer contained 0.16 mmole peptide/g polymer. Studies on drug sensitive SCCHN cells demonstrated lesser uptake of both targeted and non-targeted conjugates compared to free Dox suggesting a slower endocytic mechanism of uptake for the conjugates as opposed to rapid diffusion of free Dox. At higher Dox equivalent concentrations (>20 microM) the targeted conjugate showed significantly higher uptake (p < or = 0.028) than the non-targeted conjugate. The uptake of the targeted conjugate was inhibited in the presence of an anti Hsp47 antibody suggesting the involvement of active receptor mediated endocytosis in cell entry of the conjugate. Compared to free Dox, the targeted and non-targeted conjugates caused marginally lower inhibition (p < or = 0.01) of the drug sensitive SCCHN cells. In contrast, the same conjugates showed significantly higher uptake (p < or = 0.004) by drug resistant SCCHN cells and caused significantly higher inhibition (p < or = 0.02) of drug resistant SCCHN cells when compared to free Dox. Results suggest that the polymeric conjugates were able to overcome drug resistance. Confocal microscopy studies demonstrated the uptake of the polymeric conjugates, followed by internalization, intralysosomal localization and subsequent release of Dox. HPMA copolymer-Dox-peptide conjugates targeted to SCCHN cells were able to overcome drug resistance and increase efficacy in vitro. The results suggest that targetable polymeric conjugates have potential to improve systemic head and neck cancer chemotherapy by increasing tumor localization and reducing dose-limiting toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Nan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Romero EL, Morilla MJ. Drug delivery systems against leishmaniasis? Still an open question. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2008; 5:805-23. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.5.7.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Briones E, Colino CI, Lanao JM. Delivery systems to increase the selectivity of antibiotics in phagocytic cells. J Control Release 2007; 125:210-27. [PMID: 18077047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many infectious diseases are caused by facultative organisms that are able to survive in phagocytic cells. The intracellular location of these microorganisms protects them from the host defence systems and from some antibiotics with poor penetration into phagocytic cells. One strategy used to improve the penetration of antibiotics into phagocytic cells is the use of carrier systems that deliver these drugs directly to the target cell. Delivery systems such as liposomes, micro/nanoparticles, lipid systems, conjugates, and biological carriers such as erythrocyte ghosts may contribute to increasing the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics and antifungal agents in the treatment of infections caused by intracellular microorganisms. The main objective of this review is to analyze recent advances and current perspectives in the use of antibiotic delivery systems in the treatment of intracellular infections such as mycobacterial infections, brucellosis, salmonellosis, listeriosis, fungal infections, visceral leishmaniasis, and HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Briones
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Nelson KG, Bishop JV, Ryan RO, Titus R. Nanodisk-associated amphotericin B clears Leishmania major cutaneous infection in susceptible BALB/c mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:1238-44. [PMID: 16569834 PMCID: PMC1426947 DOI: 10.1128/aac.50.4.1238-1244.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanometer-scale, apolipoprotein-stabilized phospholipid bilayer disk complexes (nanodisks [ND]) harboring the toxic and poorly soluble antileishmanial agent amphotericin B (AMB) were examined for efficacy in treatment of Leishmania major-infected BALB/c mice (Mus musculus). L. major-infected mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) treated with AMB-ND in 0-, 1-, and 5-mg/kg doses at 24 h, 48 h, and 4, 7, 14, and 21 days postinfection in two experiments. L. major-infected mice were i.p. treated with phosphate-buffered saline, 5 mg/kg AMB-ND, or 5 mg/kg lipid-associated amphotericin B (liposomal amphotericin B, AmBisome) at 24 h, 48 h, and 10, 20, 30, and 40 days postinfection in one experiment. Parasite numbers, footpad lesion size progression, and development of cytokine responses were assayed at days 7, 15, 30, 50, 140, and 250 or at days 14, 30, 50, 95, and 140 postinfection. Mice administered AMB-ND in 1- or 5-mg/kg doses were significantly protected from L. major, displaying decreases in lesion size and parasite burden, particularly at the 5-mg/kg dosage level. In contrast to the i.p. treated AmBisome group, BALB/c mice treated with i.p. AMB-ND completely cleared an L. major infection by 140 to 250 days postinfection, with no lesions remaining and no parasites isolated from infected animals. Restimulated mixed lymphocyte culture cytokine responses (interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-12, IL-10, NO, and gamma interferon) were unchanged by AMB-ND administration compared to controls. The marked clearance of Leishmania parasites from a susceptible strain of mice without an appreciable change in the cytokine response suggests that AMB-ND represent a potentially useful formulation for treatment of intrahistiocytic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith G Nelson
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1619, and Lipid Biology in Health and Disease Research Group, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA 94609, USA.
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