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Effect of pluronic block polymers and N-acetylcysteine culture media additives on growth rate and fatty acid composition of six marine microalgae species. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2139-2156. [PMID: 33576880 PMCID: PMC7907027 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The efficiency of microalgal biomass production is a determining factor for the economic competitiveness of microalgae-based industries. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and pluronic block polymers are two compounds of interest as novel culture media constituents because of their respective protective properties against oxidative stress and shear-stress-induced cell damage. Here we quantify the effect of NAC and two pluronic (F127 and F68) culture media additives upon the culture productivity of six marine microalgal species of relevance to the aquaculture industry (four diatoms-Chaetoceros calcitrans, Chaetoceros muelleri, Skeletonema costatum, and Thalassiosira pseudonana; two haptophytes-Tisochrysis lutea and Pavlova salina). Algal culture performance in response to the addition of NAC and pluronic, singly or combined, is dosage- and species-dependent. Combined NAC and pluronic F127 algal culture media additives resulted in specific growth rate increases of 38%, 16%, and 24% for C. calcitrans, C. muelleri, and P. salina, respectively. Enhanced culture productivity for strains belonging to the genus Chaetoceros was paired with an ~27% increase in stationary-phase cell density. For some of the species examined, culture media enrichments with NAC and pluronic resulted in increased omega-3-fatty acid content of the algal biomass. Larval development (i.e., growth and survival) of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) was not changed when fed a mixture of microalgae grown in NAC- and F127-supplemented culture medium. Based upon these results, we propose that culture media enrichment with NAC and pluronic F127 is an effective and easily adopted approach to increase algal productivity and enhance the nutritional quality of marine microalgal strains commonly cultured for live-feed applications in aquaculture. Key points • Single and combined NAC and pluronic F127 culture media supplementation significantly enhanced the productivity of Chaetoceros calcitrans and Chaetoceros muelleri cultures. • Culture media enrichments with NAC and F127 can increase omega-3-fatty acid content of algal biomass. • Microalgae grown in NAC- and pluronic F127-supplemented culture media are suitable for live-feed applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11147-8.
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Jhawat V, Gulia M, Gupta S, Maddiboyina B, Dutt R. Integration of pharmacogenomics and theranostics with nanotechnology as quality by design (QbD) approach for formulation development of novel dosage forms for effective drug therapy. J Control Release 2020; 327:500-511. [PMID: 32858073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To cater to medication needs in the future healthcare system, we need to shift from the conventional system of drug delivery to modern molecular signature-based drug delivery systems. The current drug therapies are either less effective, ineffective, or produce numerous adverse reactions. One scientific principle or discipline cannot adequately address all the problems, so we need an innovative application of the current scientific principles. Here we are proposing a novel concept of nanoformulation based on pharmacogenomics and theranostics for personalized error-free and targeted therapeutic agent delivery. The addition of more knowledge about the human genome opens the new way to study disease-gene, gene-drug, and drug-effect interactions, which is the basis of future medicines. Pharmacogenomics provides information about the disease etiology, role in genes in disease pathophysiology, disease biomarkers, drug targets, drug effects, and the fate of drugs inside the body. Theranostics approach utilizes the above information in diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of the disease on a real-time basis. Personalized dosage forms can be formulated into a nanoformulation that provides a better therapeutic effect and minimizes adverse drug reactions. The therapeutic system needs to be shifted from the principle of one drug fits all to one drug unique population. In the present manuscript, we tried to conceptualize a modern therapeutic system by combining the three approaches viz. pharmacogenomics, theranostics, and nanotechnology applied in the area of formulation development to produce a multifunctional single tiny entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Jhawat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
| | - Monika Gulia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Balaji Maddiboyina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vishwa Bharathi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guntur, A.P, India
| | - Rohit Dutt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
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Makvandi P, Ghomi M, Ashrafizadeh M, Tafazoli A, Agarwal T, Delfi M, Akhtari J, Zare EN, Padil VVT, Zarrabi A, Pourreza N, Miltyk W, Maiti TK. A review on advances in graphene-derivative/polysaccharide bionanocomposites: Therapeutics, pharmacogenomics and toxicity. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116952. [PMID: 33049857 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based bionanocomposites are employed in several ailments, such as cancers and infectious diseases, due to their large surface area (to carry drugs), photothermal properties, and ease of their functionalization (owing to their active groups). Modification of graphene-derivatives with polysaccharides is a promising strategy to decrease their toxicity and improve target ability, which consequently enhances their biotherapeutic efficacy. Herein, functionalization of graphene-based materials with carbohydrate polymers (e.g., chitosan, starch, alginate, hyaluronic acid, and cellulose) are presented. Subsequently, recent advances in graphene nanomaterial/polysaccharide-based bionanocomposites in infection treatment and cancer therapy are comprehensively discussed. Pharmacogenomic and toxicity assessments for these bionanocomposites are also highlighted to provide insight for future optimized and smart investigations and researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Micro-BioRobotics, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa, 56025, Italy; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14496-14535, Iran.
| | - Matineh Ghomi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, 6153753843, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Alireza Tafazoli
- Department of Analysis and Bioanalysis of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-089, Poland
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Masoud Delfi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Javad Akhtari
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Vinod V T Padil
- Department of Nanomaterials in Natural Sciences, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská, 1402/2, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey; Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Nahid Pourreza
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, 6153753843, Iran
| | - Wojciech Miltyk
- Department of Analysis and Bioanalysis of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, 15-089, Poland
| | - Tapas Kumar Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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Buss JH, Begnini KR, Bruinsmann FA, Ceolin T, Sonego MS, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS, Collares T, Seixas FK. Lapatinib-Loaded Nanocapsules Enhances Antitumoral Effect in Human Bladder Cancer Cell. Front Oncol 2019; 9:203. [PMID: 31024833 PMCID: PMC6465636 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) represents the most frequent type of bladder cancer. Recently, studies have focused on molecular tumor classifications in order to diagnose tumor subtypes and predict future clinical behavior. Increased expression of HER1 and HER2 receptors in TTC is related to advanced stage tumors. Lapatinib is an important alternative to treat tumors that presents this phenotype due to its ability to inhibit tyrosine kinase residues associated with HER1 and HER2 receptors. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity induced by LAP-loaded nanocapsules (NC-LAP) compared to LAP in HER-positive bladder cancer cell. The cytotoxicity induced by NC-LAP was evaluated through flow cytometry, clonogenic assay and RT-PCR. NC-LAP at 5 μM reduced the cell viability and was able to induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest with up-regulation of p21. Moreover, NC-LAP treatment presented significantly higher apoptotic rates than untreated cells and cells incubated with drug-unloaded nanocapsules (NC) and an increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was observed in T24 cell line. Furthermore, clonogenic assay demonstrated that NC-LAP treatment eliminated almost all cells with clonogenic capacity. In conclusion, NC-LAP demonstrate antitumoral effect in HER-positive bladder cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis exhibiting better effects compared to the non-encapsulated lapatinib. Our work suggests that the LAP loaded in nanoformulations could be a promising approach to treat tumors that presents EGFR overexpression phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieti Huch Buss
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Karine Rech Begnini
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Taíse Ceolin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mariana Souza Sonego
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Adriana Raffin Pohlmann
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Collares
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Kömmling Seixas
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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5
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Houang EM, Sham YY, Bates FS, Metzger JM. Muscle membrane integrity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: recent advances in copolymer-based muscle membrane stabilizers. Skelet Muscle 2018; 8:31. [PMID: 30305165 PMCID: PMC6180502 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-018-0177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The scientific premise, design, and structure-function analysis of chemical-based muscle membrane stabilizing block copolymers are reviewed here for applications in striated muscle membrane injury. Synthetic block copolymers have a rich history and wide array of applications from industry to biology. Potential for discovery is enabled by a large chemical space for block copolymers, including modifications in block copolymer mass, composition, and molecular architecture. Collectively, this presents an impressive chemical landscape to leverage distinct structure-function outcomes. Of particular relevance to biology and medicine, stabilization of damaged phospholipid membranes using amphiphilic block copolymers, classified as poloxamers or pluronics, has been the subject of increasing scientific inquiry. This review focuses on implementing block copolymers to protect fragile muscle membranes against mechanical stress. The review highlights interventions in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a fatal disease of progressive muscle deterioration owing to marked instability of the striated muscle membrane. Biophysical and chemical engineering advances are presented that delineate and expand upon current understanding of copolymer-lipid membrane interactions and the mechanism of stabilization. The studies presented here serve to underscore the utility of copolymer discovery leading toward the therapeutic application of block copolymers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and potentially other biomedical applications in which membrane integrity is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne M Houang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-125 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yuk Y Sham
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-125 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,University of Minnesota Informatics Institute, MN, USA.,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Frank S Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Joseph M Metzger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-125 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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6
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Food contact materials and gut health: Implications for toxicity assessment and relevance of high molecular weight migrants. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:1-18. [PMID: 28830834 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gut health is determined by an intact epithelial barrier and balanced gut microbiota, both involved in the regulation of immune responses in the gut. Disruption of this system contributes to the etiology of various non-communicable diseases, including intestinal, metabolic, and autoimmune disorders. Studies suggest that some direct food additives, but also some food contaminants, such as pesticide residues and substances migrating from food contact materials (FCMs), may adversely affect the gut barrier or gut microbiota. Here, we focus on gut-related effects of FCM-relevant substances (e.g. surfactants, N-ring containing substances, nanoparticles, and antimicrobials) and show that gut health is an underappreciated target in the toxicity assessment of FCMs. Understanding FCMs' impact on gut health requires more attention to ensure safety and prevent gut-related chronic diseases. Our review further points to the existence of large population subgroups with an increased intestinal permeability; this may lead to higher uptake of compounds of not only low (<1000 Da) but also high (>1000 Da) molecular weight. We discuss the potential toxicological relevance of high molecular weight compounds in the gut and suggest that the scientific justification for the application of a molecular weight-based cut-off in risk assessment of FCMs should be reevaluated.
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7
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Lorson T, Jaksch S, Lübtow MM, Jüngst T, Groll J, Lühmann T, Luxenhofer R. A Thermogelling Supramolecular Hydrogel with Sponge-Like Morphology as a Cytocompatible Bioink. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2161-2171. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lorson
- Functional
Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jaksch
- Jülich
Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Outstation at MLZ, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Michael M. Lübtow
- Functional
Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Jüngst
- Chair
for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer
Institute, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Pleicherwall
2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Chair
for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer
Institute, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Pleicherwall
2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- Institute
of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional
Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Gupta S, Jhawat V. Quality by design (QbD) approach of pharmacogenomics in drug designing and formulation development for optimization of drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2016; 245:15-26. [PMID: 27871989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional approaches of drug discovery are very complex, costly and time consuming. But after the completion of human genome project, applications of pharmacogenomics in this area completely revolutionize the drug discovery and development process to produce a quality by design (QbD) approach based products. The applications of two areas of pharmacogenomics i.e. structural and functional pharmacogenomics excel the drug discovery process by employing genomic data in drug target identification and evaluation, lead optimization via high throughput screening, evaluation of drug metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters and drug receptors using computer aided technique and bioinformatics library data base. Pharmacogenomics also provides an important and reliable basis for evaluation and optimization of the dosage forms as well as repositioning of failed drugs for the treatment of new disease. Various dosage forms of category of drugs such as anticancer drugs, vaccines, gene and DNA delivery systems and immunological agents can be easily evaluated based on the genetic markers of the related disease. The effect of different formulation polymers on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs can be assessed easily and therefore it plays an important role in formulation optimization. However, current applications of pharmacogenomics in drug discovery and formulation optimization are very limited because of costly and non accessible techniques for everyone, but in future, with the advancement in the technology; the application of genomic data in drug discovery will provide us with innovative, safer and more efficacious medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India.
| | - Vikas Jhawat
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
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Houang EM, Haman KJ, Filareto A, Perlingeiro RC, Bates FS, Lowe DA, Metzger JM. Membrane-stabilizing copolymers confer marked protection to dystrophic skeletal muscle in vivo. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2015; 2:15042. [PMID: 26623440 PMCID: PMC4641511 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal disease of striated muscle deterioration. A unique therapeutic approach for DMD is the use of synthetic membrane stabilizers to protect the fragile dystrophic sarcolemma against contraction-induced mechanical stress. Block copolymer-based membrane stabilizer poloxamer 188 (P188) has been shown to protect the dystrophic myocardium. In comparison, the ability of synthetic membrane stabilizers to protect fragile DMD skeletal muscles has been less clear. Because cardiac and skeletal muscles have distinct structural and functional features, including differences in the mechanism of activation, variance in sarcolemma phospholipid composition, and differences in the magnitude and types of forces generated, we speculated that optimized membrane stabilization could be inherently different. Our objective here is to use principles of pharmacodynamics to evaluate membrane stabilization therapy for DMD skeletal muscles. Results show a dramatic differential effect of membrane stabilization by optimization of pharmacodynamic-guided route of poloxamer delivery. Data show that subcutaneous P188 delivery, but not intravascular or intraperitoneal routes, conferred significant protection to dystrophic limb skeletal muscles undergoing mechanical stress in vivo. In addition, structure-function examination of synthetic membrane stabilizers further underscores the importance of copolymer composition, molecular weight, and dosage in optimization of poloxamer pharmacodynamics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne M Houang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Karen J Haman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Antonio Filareto
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rita C Perlingeiro
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Frank S Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- Rehabilitation Science and Program in Physical Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joseph M Metzger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Demirci S, Doğan A, Karakuş E, Halıcı Z, Topçu A, Demirci E, Sahin F. Boron and Poloxamer (F68 and F127) Containing Hydrogel Formulation for Burn Wound Healing. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 168:169-80. [PMID: 25893366 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Burn injuries, the most common and destructive forms of wounds, are generally accompanied with life-threatening infections, inflammation, reduced angiogenesis, inadequate extracellular matrix production, and lack of growth factor stimulation. In the current study, a new antimicrobial carbopol-based hydrogel formulated with boron and pluronic block copolymers was evaluated for its healing activity using in vitro cell culture techniques and an experimental burn model. Cell viability, gene expression, and wound healing assays showed that gel formulation increased wound healing potential. In vitro tube-like structure formation and histopathological examinations revealed that gel not only increased wound closure by fibroblastic cell activity, but also induced vascularization process. Moreover, gel formulation exerted remarkable antimicrobial effects against bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Migration, angiogenesis, and contraction-related protein expressions including collagen, α-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-β1, vimentin, and vascular endothelial growth factor were considerably enhanced in gel-treated groups. Macrophage-specific antigen showed an oscillating expression at the burn wounds, indicating the role of initial macrophage migration to the wound site and reduced inflammation phase. This is the first study indicating that boron containing hydrogel is able to heal burn wounds effectively. The formulation promoted burn wound healing via complex mechanisms including stimulation of cell migration, growth factor expression, inflammatory response, and vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selami Demirci
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Kayisdagi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Doğan
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Kayisdagi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Karakuş
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ataturk University School of Veterinary Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zekai Halıcı
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Atila Topçu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Demirci
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Sahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Kayisdagi, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Mahajan V, Gaymalov Z, Alakhova D, Gupta R, Zucker IH, Kabanov AV. Horizontal gene transfer from macrophages to ischemic muscles upon delivery of naked DNA with Pluronic block copolymers. Biomaterials 2015; 75:58-70. [PMID: 26480472 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular administration of plasmid DNA (pDNA) with non-ionic Pluronic block copolymers increases gene expression in injected muscles and lymphoid organs. We studied the role of immune cells in muscle transfection upon inflammation. Local inflammation in murine hind limb ischemia model (MHLIM) drastically increased DNA, RNA and expressed protein levels in ischemic muscles injected with pDNA/Pluronic. The systemic inflammation (MHLIM or peritonitis) also increased expression of pDNA/Pluronic in the muscles. When pDNA/Pluronic was injected in ischemic muscles the reporter gene, Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) co-localized with desmin(+) muscle fibers and CD11b(+) macrophages (MØs), suggesting transfection of MØs along with the muscle cells. P85 enhanced (∼ 4 orders) transfection of MØs with pDNA in vitro. Moreover, adoptively transferred MØs were shown to pass the transgene to inflamed muscle cells in MHLIM. Using a co-culture of myotubes (MTs) and transfected MØs expressing a reporter gene under constitutive (cmv-luciferase) or muscle specific (desmin-luciferase) promoter we demonstrated that P85 enhances horizontal gene transfer from MØ to MTs. Therefore, MØs can play an important role in muscle transfection with pDNA/Pluronic during inflammation, with both inflammation and Pluronic contributing to the increased gene expression. pDNA/Pluronic has potential for therapeutic gene delivery in muscle pathologies that involve inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Mahajan
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | - Zagit Gaymalov
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | - Daria Alakhova
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Richa Gupta
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Irving H Zucker
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | - Alexander V Kabanov
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA; Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia.
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12
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Dufour G, Evrard B, de Tullio P. 2D-Cosy NMR Spectroscopy as a Quantitative Tool in Biological Matrix: Application to Cyclodextrins. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 17:1501-10. [PMID: 26304859 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Classical analytical quantifications in biological matrices require time-consuming sample pre-treatments and extractions. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis does not require heavy sample treatments or extractions which therefore increases its accuracy in quantification. In this study, even if quantitative (q)NMR could not be applied to 2D spectra, we demonstrated that cross-correlations and diagonal peak intensities have a linear relationship with the analyzed pharmaceutical compound concentration. This work presents the validation process of a 2D-correlation spectroscopy (COSY) NMR quantification of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in plasma. Specificity, linearity, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), trueness, limits of quantification (LOQs), and accuracy were used as validation criteria. 2D-NMR could therefore be used as a valuable and accurate analytical technique for the quantification of pharmaceutical compounds, including hardly detectable compounds such as cyclodextrins or poloxamers, in complex biological matrices based on a calibration curve approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Dufour
- CHU, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Liege, Tower 4, 2nd floor, Avenue de l'hôpital,1, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Brigitte Evrard
- CHU, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Liege, Tower 4, 2nd floor, Avenue de l'hôpital,1, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal de Tullio
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, 4000, Liège, Belgium
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13
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Topete A, Barbosa S, Taboada P. Intelligent micellar polymeric nanocarriers for therapeutics and diagnosis. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Topete
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Fisiología; Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara; 44340 Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
| | - Silvia Barbosa
- Grupo de Física de Coloides y Polímeros, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Pablo Taboada
- Grupo de Física de Coloides y Polímeros, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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14
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Suksuwan A, Lomlim L, Rungrotmongkol T, Nakpheng T, Dickert FL, Suedee R. The composite nanomaterials containing (R)-thalidomide-molecularly imprinted polymers as a recognition system for enantioselective-controlled release and targeted drug delivery. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Acharee Suksuwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Molecular Recognition Materials Research Unit, Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Nanotec-PSU Center of Excellence on Drug Delivery Systems, Prince of Songkla University; Hatyai Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Luelak Lomlim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Molecular Recognition Materials Research Unit, Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Nanotec-PSU Center of Excellence on Drug Delivery Systems, Prince of Songkla University; Hatyai Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Chulalongkorn University; 254 Phayathai Road Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Titpawan Nakpheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Molecular Recognition Materials Research Unit, Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Nanotec-PSU Center of Excellence on Drug Delivery Systems, Prince of Songkla University; Hatyai Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Franz L. Dickert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Vienna; Währingerstrasse 38 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Roongnapa Suedee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Molecular Recognition Materials Research Unit, Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Nanotec-PSU Center of Excellence on Drug Delivery Systems, Prince of Songkla University; Hatyai Songkhla 90112 Thailand
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15
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Torcello-Gómez A, Wulff-Pérez M, Gálvez-Ruiz MJ, Martín-Rodríguez A, Cabrerizo-Vílchez M, Maldonado-Valderrama J. Block copolymers at interfaces: interactions with physiological media. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 206:414-27. [PMID: 24268588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Triblock copolymers (also known as Pluronics or poloxamers) are biocompatible molecules composed of hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks with different lengths. They have received much attention recently owing to their applicability for targeted delivery of hydrophobic compounds. Their unique molecular structure facilitates the formation of dynamic aggregates which are able to transport lipid soluble compounds. However, these structures can be unstable and tend to solubilize within the blood stream. The use of nanoemulsions as carriers for the lipid soluble compounds appears as a new alternative with improved protection against physiological media. The interfacial behavior of block copolymers is directly related to their peculiar molecular structure and further knowledge could provide a rational use in the design of poloxamer-stabilized nanoemulsions. This review aims to combine the new insights gained recently into the interfacial properties of block copolymers and their performance in nanoemulsions. Direct studies dealing with the interactions with physiological media are also reviewed in order to address issues relating metabolism degradation profiles. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and interfacial properties of block copolymers will allow their manipulation to modulate lipolysis, hence allowing the rational design of nanocarriers with efficient controlled release.
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Cambón A, Brea J, Loza MI, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Concheiro A, Barbosa S, Taboada P, Mosquera V. Cytocompatibility and P-glycoprotein inhibition of block copolymers: structure-activity relationship. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3232-41. [PMID: 23763603 DOI: 10.1021/mp4002848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic polymeric micelles greatly improve the solubilization and sustained release of hydrophobic drugs and provide a protective environment for the cargo molecules in aqueous media, which favors lower drug administration doses, reduces adverse side effects, and increases blood circulation times and passive targeting to specific cells. These capabilities depend, among other variables, on the structure and composition of the polymer chains. Composition and, in particular, block length have been shown to play an important role in the modification of cellular responses such as drug internalization processes or transduction pathways when polymeric unimer/micelles are in close contact with cells. Here we present a detailed study about the role copolymer structure and composition play on cell viability and cellular response of several cell lines. To do that, more than 30 structurally related copolymers with diblock and triblock architectures containing different hydrophobic blocks and poly(ethylene oxide) as the common hydrophilic unit have been analyzed regarding cytocompatibility and potential as "active" cell response modifiers by testing their influence on the P-gp pump efflux mechanism responsible of multidrug resistance in cancerous cells. An empirical threshold for cell viability could be established at a copolymer EO/POeffective value above ca. 1.5 for copolymers with triblock structure, whereas no empirical rule could be observed for diblocks. Moreover, some of the tested copolymers (e.g., BO12EO227BO12 and EO57PO46EO57 that notably increased and C16EO455C16 that decreased the P-gp ATPase activity) were observed to act as efficient inhibitors of the P-gp efflux pump promoting an enhanced doxorubicin (DOXO) accumulation inside multidrug resistant (MDR) NCI-ADR-RES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cambón
- Grupo de Física de Coloides y Polímeros, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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18
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Challenges in drug delivery to the brain: Nature is against us. J Control Release 2012; 164:145-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Cellular delivery of doxorubicin via pH-controlled hydrazone linkage using multifunctional nano vehicle based on poly(β-l-malic acid). Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:11681-11693. [PMID: 23109877 PMCID: PMC3472769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130911681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is currently used in cancer chemotherapy to treat many tumors and shows improved delivery, reduced toxicity and higher treatment efficacy when being part of nanoscale delivery systems. However, a major drawback remains its toxicity to healthy tissue and the development of multi-drug resistance during prolonged treatment. This is why in our work we aimed to improve DOX delivery and reduce the toxicity by chemical conjugation with a new nanoplatform based on polymalic acid. For delivery into recipient cancer cells, DOX was conjugated via pH-sensitive hydrazone linkage along with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to a biodegradable, non-toxic and non-immunogenic nanoconjugate platform: poly(β-l-malic acid) (PMLA). DOX-nanoconjugates were found stable under physiological conditions and shown to successfully inhibit in vitro cancer cell growth of several invasive breast carcinoma cell lines such as MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB- 468 and of primary glioma cell lines such as U87MG and U251.
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Cuestas ML, Castillo AI, Sosnik A, Mathet VL. Downregulation of mdr1 and abcg2 genes is a mechanism of inhibition of efflux pumps mediated by polymeric amphiphiles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6577-9. [PMID: 23031592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability of cells to acquire resistance to multiple pharmaceuticals, namely multidrug resistance (MDR), is often mediated by the over-expression of efflux transporters of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily; for example P-glycoprotein (P-gp or MDR1), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP or ABCG2), and multidrug resistance-associated protein MRP1. ABCs pump drug molecules out of cells against a concentration gradient, reducing their intracellular concentration. The ability of polymeric amphiphiles to inhibit ABCs as well as the cellular pathways involved in the inhibition has been extensively investigated. This work investigated for the first time the effect of branched poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) block copolymers (poloxamines) on the levels of mRNA encoding for MDR1, BCRP and MRP1, in a human hepatoma cell line (Huh7). Copolymers with a broad range of molecular weights and hydrophilic-lipophilic balances were assayed. Results confirmed the down-regulation of mdr1 and abcg2 genes. Conversely, the mrp1 gene was not affected. These findings further support the versatility of these temperature- and pH-responsive copolymers to overcome drug resistance in cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Cuestas
- The Group of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Improved Medicines (BIONIMED), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Junin 959, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (1121), Argentina
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21
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Doğan A, Yalvaç ME, Şahin F, Kabanov AV, Palotás A, Rizvanov AA. Differentiation of human stem cells is promoted by amphiphilic pluronic block copolymers. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4849-60. [PMID: 23028214 PMCID: PMC3441230 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s31949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell usage provides novel avenues of tissue regeneration and therapeutics across disciplines. Apart from ethical considerations, the selection and amplification of donor stem cells remain a challenge. Various biopolymers with a wide range of properties have been used extensively to deliver biomolecules such as drugs, growth factors and nucleic acids, as well as to provide biomimetic surface for cellular adhesion. Using human tooth germ stem cells with high proliferation and transformation capacity, we have investigated a range of biopolymers to assess their potential for tissue engineering. Tolerability, toxicity, and their ability to direct differentiation were evaluated. The majority of pluronics, consisting of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic poly(ethylene oxide) chains, either exerted cytotoxicity or had no significant effect on human tooth germ stem cells; whereas F68 increased the multi-potency of stem cells, and efficiently transformed them into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic tissues. The data suggest that differentiation and maturation of stem cells can be promoted by selecting the appropriate mechanical and chemical properties of polymers. It has been shown for the first time that F68, with its unique molecular characteristics, has a great potential to increase the differentiation of cells, which may lead to the development of new tissue engineering strategies in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Doğan
- Department of Genetics and BioEngineering, College of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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22
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Bartley D, Morrison A, Dupuy J, Bartley Y, Sutra J, Menez C, Alvinerie M, Jackson F, Devin L, Lespine A. Influence of Pluronic 85 and ketoconazole on disposition and efficacy of ivermectin in sheep infected with a multiple resistant Haemonchus contortus isolate. Vet Parasitol 2012; 187:464-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Liu K, Wang X, Fan W, Zhu Q, Yang J, Gao J, Gao S. Degradable polyethylenimine derivate coupled to a bifunctional peptide R13 as a new gene-delivery vector. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1149-62. [PMID: 22412301 PMCID: PMC3299202 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s28819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To solve the efficiency versus cytotoxicity and tumor-targeting problems of polyethylenimine (PEI) used as a nonviral gene delivery vector, a degradable PEI derivate coupled to a bifunctional peptide R13 was developed. Methods First, we synthesized a degradable PEI derivate by crosslinking low-molecular-weight PEI with pluronic P123, then used tumor-targeting peptide arginine-glycine-aspartate-cysteine (RGDC), in conjunction with the cell-penetrating peptide Tat (49–57), to yield a bifunctional peptide RGDC-Tat (49–57) named R13, which can improve cell selection and increase cellular uptake, and, lastly, adopted R13 to modify the PEI derivates so as to prepare a new polymeric gene vector (P123-PEI-R13). The new gene vector was characterized in terms of its chemical structure and biophysical parameters. We also investigated the specificity, cytotoxicity, and gene transfection efficiency of this vector in αvβ3-positive human cervical carcinoma Hela cells and murine melanoma B16 cells in vitro. Results The vector showed controlled degradation, strong targeting specificity to αvβ3 receptor, and noncytotoxicity in Hela cells and B16 cells at higher doses, in contrast to PEI 25 KDa. The particle size of P123-PEI-R13/DNA complexes was around 100–250 nm, with proper zeta potential. The nanoparticles can protect plasmid DNA from being digested by DNase I at a concentration of 6 U DNase I/μg DNA. The nanoparticles were resistant to dissociation induced by 50% fetal bovine serum and 600 μg/mL sodium heparin. P123-PEI-R13 also revealed higher transfection efficiency in two cell lines as compared with PEI 25 KDa. Conclusion P123-PEI-R13 is a potential candidate as a safe and efficient gene-delivery carrier for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehai Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Fan W, Wu X, Ding B, Gao J, Cai Z, Zhang W, Yin D, Wang X, Zhu Q, Liu J, Ding X, Gao S. Degradable gene delivery systems based on Pluronics-modified low-molecular-weight polyethylenimine: preparation, characterization, intracellular trafficking, and cellular distribution. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1127-38. [PMID: 22403492 PMCID: PMC3292422 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s27117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cationic copolymers consisting of polycations linked to nonionic amphiphilic block polymers have been evaluated as nonviral gene delivery systems, and a large number of different polymers and copolymers of linear, branched, and dendrimeric architectures have been tested in terms of their suitability and efficacy for in vitro and in vivo transfection. However, the discovery of new potent materials still largely relies on empiric approaches rather than a rational design. The authors investigated the relationship between the polymers’ structures and their biological performance, including DNA compaction, toxicity, transfection efficiency, and the effect of cellular uptake. Methods This article reports the synthesis and characterization of a series of cationic copolymers obtained by grafting polyethyleneimine with nonionic amphiphilic surfactant polyether-Pluronic® consisting of hydrophilic ethylene oxide and hydrophobic propylene oxide blocks. Transgene expression, cytotoxicity, localization of plasmids, and cellular uptake of these copolymers were evaluated following in vitro transfection of HeLa cell lines with various individual components of the copolymers. Results Pluronics can exhibit biological activity including effects on enhancing DNA cellular uptake, nuclear translocation, and gene expression. The Pluronics with a higher hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value lead to homogeneous distribution in the cytoplasm; those with a lower hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value prefer to localize in the nucleus. Conclusion This Pluronic-polyethyleneimine system may be worth exploring as components in the cationic copolymers as the DNA or small interfering RNA/microRNA delivery system in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
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25
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Following dynamic biological processes through NMR-based metabonomics: A new tool in nanomedicine? J Control Release 2011; 153:34-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Merkel OM, Urbanics R, Bedocs P, Rozsnyay Z, Rosivall L, Toth M, Kissel T, Szebeni J. In vitro and in vivo complement activation and related anaphylactic effects associated with polyethylenimine and polyethylenimine-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) block copolymers. Biomaterials 2011; 32:4936-42. [PMID: 21459440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Complement activation by polymeric gene and drug delivery systems has been overlooked in the past. As more reports appear in the literature concerning immunogenicity of polymers and their impact on gene expression patterns, it is important to address possible immune side effects of polymers, namely complement activation. Therefore, in this study the activity of low and high molecular weight poly(ethylene imine) and two PEGylated derivatives to induce complement activation were investigated in human serum. These in vitro results revealed that PEI 25 kDa caused significant and concentration dependent complement activation, whereas none of the other polymers induced such effects at their IC(50) concentrations determined by MTT-assays. To verify these in vitro results, additionally, studies were carried out in a swine model after intravenous administration, showing complement activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA), reflected in symptoms of transient cardiopulmonary distress. Injections of PEI 25 kDa or PEI(25k)-PEG(2k)(10) at a dose of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg caused strong reactivity, while PEI 5 kDa and with PEI(25k)-PEG(20k)(1) were also reactogenic at 0.1 mg/kg. It was found that PEI 25 kDa caused both self- and cross-tolerance, whereas the PEG-PEIs were neither self- nor cross-reactively tachyphylactic. As a result of this study, it was shown that PEGylation of polycations with PEG of 20 kDa or higher molecular weight may be favorable. However, potential safety concerns in the development of PEI-based polymeric carriers for drugs and nucleic acids and their translation from bench to bedside need to be taken into consideration for human application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Ketzerbach 63, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Chen YC, Jiang LP, Liu NX, Wang ZH, Hong K, Zhang QP. P85, Optison microbubbles and ultrasound cooperate in mediating plasmid DNA transfection in mouse skeletal muscles in vivo. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2011; 18:513-519. [PMID: 20863738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Revised: 08/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pluronic block copolymers, a kind of non-ionic surfactant, also known as poloxamers, and ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction have been respectively investigated as vectors for gene delivery in vitro and in vivo. However, they are limited for clinical application due to the relatively low transfer efficiency of each individual vector. In the present study, we explored if the combination of P85, a pluronic block copolymer, Optison, a microbubble contrast agent and ultrasound enhances the transfection of plasmid DNA in vivo using mouse skeletal muscle models. Plasmid encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) was respectively conjugated with 0.05%P85, 10%Optison, or 0.05%P85 plus 10%Optison, and injected into mouse tibialis anterior (TA) muscles with or without ultrasound irradiation (1 MHz, 1 W/cm(2), 2 min and 20% duty cycle). Mice were sacrificed 1 week after injection. The TA muscles were collected and cryo-sectioned into a series of 7 μm slices. To assess the efficiency of plasmid DNA transfection, tissue sections were counterstained with DAPI and scored by counting the number of GFP-positive fibers. Meanwhile the area of damaged muscles was measured based on the tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Both P85 and Optison significantly enhanced the delivery of plasmid DNA in mouse TA skeletal muscles (P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively, compared to saline control). In combination with Ultrasound irradiation, P85 (P<0.01, compared to P85 alone) but not Optison (P>0.05, compared to Optison alone) exerted a more pronounced effect on the transfection efficiency. Furthermore P85-induced gene delivery was higher than that by Optison regardless of the presence of ultrasound (P<0.01). The highest transfection efficiency was observed when P85, Optison and ultrasound irradiation were administrated together (P<0.01, compared to any other treatment in this study). The area of damaged muscles was enlarged by ultrasound irradiation in the presence of Optison microbubbles (P<0.01, compared to those groups without ultrasound irradiation). These results suggest that P85, microbubbles and ultrasound irradiation synergistically enhance plasmid DNA delivery in mouse skeletal muscles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chao Chen
- Ultrasound Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Bercea M, Darie RN, Niţă LE, Morariu S. Temperature Responsive Gels Based on Pluronic F127 and Poly(vinyl alcohol). Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie1024408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bercea
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Vodă Alley, 700487 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Raluca Nicoleta Darie
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Vodă Alley, 700487 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Loredana Elena Niţă
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Vodă Alley, 700487 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Simona Morariu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Vodă Alley, 700487 Iaşi, Romania
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Chen YC, Jiang LP, Liu NX, Ding L, Liu XL, Wang ZH, Hong K, Zhang QP. Enhanced Gene Transduction into Skeletal Muscle of Mice In Vivo with Pluronic Block Copolymers and Ultrasound Exposure. Cell Biochem Biophys 2011; 60:267-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-010-9149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Kateb B, Chiu K, Black KL, Yamamoto V, Khalsa B, Ljubimova JY, Ding H, Patil R, Portilla-Arias JA, Modo M, Moore DF, Farahani K, Okun MS, Prakash N, Neman J, Ahdoot D, Grundfest W, Nikzad S, Heiss JD. Nanoplatforms for constructing new approaches to cancer treatment, imaging, and drug delivery: what should be the policy? Neuroimage 2011; 54 Suppl 1:S106-24. [PMID: 20149882 PMCID: PMC3524337 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is the design and assembly of submicroscopic devices called nanoparticles, which are 1-100 nm in diameter. Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology for the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. Disease-specific receptors on the surface of cells provide useful targets for nanoparticles. Because nanoparticles can be engineered from components that (1) recognize disease at the cellular level, (2) are visible on imaging studies, and (3) deliver therapeutic compounds, nanotechnology is well suited for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of diseases. Nanotechnology will enable earlier detection and treatment of diseases that are best treated in their initial stages, such as cancer. Advances in nanotechnology will also spur the discovery of new methods for delivery of therapeutic compounds, including genes and proteins, to diseased tissue. A myriad of nanostructured drugs with effective site-targeting can be developed by combining a diverse selection of targeting, diagnostic, and therapeutic components. Incorporating immune target specificity with nanostructures introduces a new type of treatment modality, nano-immunochemotherapy, for patients with cancer. In this review, we will discuss the development and potential applications of nanoscale platforms in medical diagnosis and treatment. To impact the care of patients with neurological diseases, advances in nanotechnology will require accelerated translation to the fields of brain mapping, CNS imaging, and nanoneurosurgery. Advances in nanoplatform, nano-imaging, and nano-drug delivery will drive the future development of nanomedicine, personalized medicine, and targeted therapy. We believe that the formation of a science, technology, medicine law-healthcare policy (STML) hub/center, which encourages collaboration among universities, medical centers, US government, industry, patient advocacy groups, charitable foundations, and philanthropists, could significantly facilitate such advancements and contribute to the translation of nanotechnology across medical disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Kateb
- Brain Mapping Foundation, West Hollywood, CA 90046, USA.
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Merkel OM, Beyerle A, Beckmann BM, Zheng M, Hartmann RK, Stöger T, Kissel TH. Polymer-related off-target effects in non-viral siRNA delivery. Biomaterials 2010; 32:2388-98. [PMID: 21183213 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since off-target effects in non-viral siRNA delivery are quite common but not well understood, in this study various polymer-related effects observed in transfection studies were described and their mechanisms of toxicity were investigated. A variety of stably luciferase-expressing cell lines was compared concerning polymer-mediated effects after transfection with polyplexes of siRNA and poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) or poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted PEI (PEG-PEI). Cell viability, LDH release, gene expression profiles of apoptosis-related genes and promoter activation were investigated. Interestingly, PEG-PEI, which is generally better tolerated than PEI, was found to activate apoptosis in a cell line- and concentration-dependent manner. While both polymers showed sigmoidal dose-response of cell viability in L929 cells (IC(50)(PEI) = 6 μg/ml, IC(50)(PEG-PEI) = 11 μg/ml), H1299/Luc cells exhibited biphasic dose-response for PEG-PEI and stronger apoptosis at 2 μg/ml than at 20 μg/ml PEG-PEI, as shown in TUNEL assays. Gene expression profiling confirmed that H1299/Luc cells underwent apoptosis via thousand-fold activation of TNF receptor-associated factors. Additionally, it was demonstrated that NFkB-mediated CMV promoter activation in stably transfected cells can lead to increased target gene levels after transfection instead of siRNA-mediated knockdown. With these results, polymeric vectors were shown not to be inert substances. Therefore, alterations in gene expression caused by the delivery agent must be known to correctly interpret gene-silencing experiments, to understand the mechanisms of off-target effects, and most of all to further develop vectors with reduced side effects. Taking these observations into account, one established cell line was eventually identified to be suitable for RNAi experiments. As shown by these experiments, materials that have been used for many years can elicit unexpected off-target effects. Therefore, non-viral vectors must be screened for several levels of toxicity to make them promising candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Ketzerbach 63, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Chèvre R, Le Bihan O, Beilvert F, Chatin B, Barteau B, Mével M, Lambert O, Pitard B. Amphiphilic block copolymers enhance the cellular uptake of DNA molecules through a facilitated plasma membrane transport. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 39:1610-22. [PMID: 20952409 PMCID: PMC3045598 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic block copolymers have been developed recently for their efficient, in vivo transfection activities in various tissues. Surprisingly, we observed that amphiphilic block copolymers such as Lutrol® do not allow the transfection of cultured cells in vitro, suggesting that the cell environment is strongly involved in their mechanism of action. In an in vitro model mimicking the in vivo situation we showed that pre-treatment of cells with Lutrol®, prior to their incubation with DNA molecules in the presence of cationic lipid, resulted in higher levels of reporter gene expression. We also showed that this improvement in transfection efficiency associated with the presence of Lutrol® was observed irrespective of the plasmid promoter. Considering the various steps that could be improved by Lutrol®, we concluded that the nucleic acids molecule internalization step is the most important barrier affected by Lutrol®. Microscopic examination of transfected cells pre-treated with Lutrol® confirmed that more plasmid DNA copies were internalized. Absence of cationic lipid did not impair Lutrol®-mediated DNA internalization, but critically impaired endosomal escape. Our results strongly suggest that in vivo, Lutrol® improves transfection by a physicochemical mechanism, leading to cellular uptake enhancement through a direct delivery into the cytoplasm, and not via endosomal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Chèvre
- INSERM, U915, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, F-44000, France
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Akhtar S. Cationic nanosystems for the delivery of small interfering ribonucleic acid therapeutics: a focus on toxicogenomics. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:1347-62. [PMID: 20929276 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2010.518611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD siRNAs may serve as novel nanomedicines for sequence-specific gene silencing in the clinic. However, delivering siRNA to targeted tissue or cells remains a challenge. An appropriate delivery nanosystem such as cationic polymers or liposomes is required for effective gene silencing with siRNA in vivo but the available drug delivery vectors are not all biologically inert. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW A combination of highly focused and comprehensive literature searches to identify any relevant reports using Medline (from 1950 to 7 April 2010) through the OVID system. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Using cationic delivery nanosystems as examples, this review article highlights the importance of undertaking toxicogenomics studies - the application of transcription profiling to toxicology - to acquire gene expression signatures of siRNA delivery systems so as to determine and/or predict their impact on gene silencing activity and specificity. Such nanotoxicological information will be important for the optimal selection of siRNA-delivery system combinations in the many proposed clinical applications of RNA interference. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Cationic delivery nanosystems can elicit multiple gene expression changes in cells that may contribute to the 'off-target' effects of siRNAs and/or modulate their pharmacological activity. Thus, selection of delivery systems for siRNA applications should be based on both their delivery enhancing capability and toxicogenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghir Akhtar
- Kuwait University, Health Sciences Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
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Patil R, Portilla-Arias J, Ding H, Inoue S, Konda B, Hu J, Wawrowsky KA, Shin PK, Black KL, Holler E, Ljubimova JY. Temozolomide delivery to tumor cells by a multifunctional nano vehicle based on poly(β-L-malic acid). Pharm Res 2010; 27:2317-29. [PMID: 20387095 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Temozolomide (TMZ) is a pro-drug releasing a DNA alkylating agent that is the most effective drug to treat glial tumors when combined with radiation. TMZ is toxic, and therapeutic dosages are limited by severe side effects. Targeted delivery is thus needed to improve efficiency and reduce non-tumor tissue toxicity. METHODS Multifunctional targetable nanoconjugates of TMZ hydrazide were synthesized using poly(β-L-malic acid) platform, which contained a targeting monoclonal antibody to transferrin receptor (TfR), trileucine (LLL), for pH-dependent endosomal membrane disruption, and PEG for protection. RESULTS The water-soluble TMZ nanoconjugates had hydrodynamic diameters in the range of 6.5 to 14.8 nm and ζ potentials in the range of -6.3 to -17.7 mV. Fifty percent degradation in human plasma was observed in 40 h at 37°C. TMZ conjugated with polymer had a half-life of 5-7 h, compared with 1.8 h for free TMZ. The strongest reduction of human brain and breast cancer cell viability was obtained by versions of TMZ nanoconjugates containing LLL and anti-TfR antibody. TMZ-resistant cancer cell lines were sensitive to TMZ nanoconjugate treatment. CONCLUSIONS TMZ-polymer nanoconjugates entered the tumor cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis, effectively reduced cancer cell viability, and can potentially be used for targeted tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwar Patil
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8631 W. Third Street, Suite 800E, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
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Nomura K, Abdellatif MM. Precise synthesis of polymers containing functional end groups by living ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP): Efficient tools for synthesis of block/graft copolymers. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pathak Y, Thassu D, Deleers M. Pharmaceutical Applications of Nanoparticulate Drug-Delivery Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420008449.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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MacKay JA, Chen M, McDaniel JR, Liu W, Simnick AJ, Chilkoti A. Self-assembling chimeric polypeptide-doxorubicin conjugate nanoparticles that abolish tumours after a single injection. NATURE MATERIALS 2009; 8:993-9. [PMID: 19898461 PMCID: PMC2862348 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
New strategies to self-assemble biocompatible materials into nanoscale, drug-loaded packages with improved therapeutic efficacy are needed for nanomedicine. To address this need, we developed artificial recombinant chimeric polypeptides (CPs) that spontaneously self-assemble into sub-100-nm-sized, near-monodisperse nanoparticles on conjugation of diverse hydrophobic molecules, including chemotherapeutics. These CPs consist of a biodegradable polypeptide that is attached to a short Cys-rich segment. Covalent modification of the Cys residues with a structurally diverse set of hydrophobic small molecules, including chemotherapeutics, leads to spontaneous formation of nanoparticles over a range of CP compositions and molecular weights. When used to deliver chemotherapeutics to a murine cancer model, CP nanoparticles have a fourfold higher maximum tolerated dose than free drug, and induce nearly complete tumour regression after a single dose. This simple strategy can promote co-assembly of drugs, imaging agents and targeting moieties into multifunctional nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andrew MacKay
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033-9121, USA
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Peddada LY, Harris NK, Devore DI, Roth CM. Novel graft copolymers enhance in vitro delivery of antisense oligonucleotides in the presence of serum. J Control Release 2009; 140:134-40. [PMID: 19699243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 07/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antisense technology holds tremendous potential in the research and clinical settings. However, successful delivery of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to the intracellular site of action requires the passage of many barriers, including survival against extracellular serum nucleases and escape from endolysosomal degradation. Previous work has shown that the effectiveness of antisense delivery by the cationic liposome, dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), is enhanced substantially by the incorporation of a pH-sensitive polymer, poly (propylacrylic acid) (PPAA), in serum-free media. To improve this system for application in serum-containing media conditions, PPAA was modified in this work by grafting onto it either poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) or a more hydrophobic analog, poly (oxyalkylene amine), known as Jeffamine. The ternary formulation of DOTAP/ODN/PPAA-g-Jeffamine resulted in 8-fold increased uptake of fluorescently-labeled ODNs compared to DOTAP/ODN/PPAA and ~80% silencing of green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in CHO-d1EGFP cells treated in the presence of 10% FBS-containing media. In contrast, the carrier systems that contained PPAA or PPAA-g-PEO failed to display any significant antisense activity in the presence of serum, even though all of the delivery systems displayed moderate to high levels of antisense activity in serum-free conditions. The results reveal that the carrier system with the Jeffamine graft copolymer effectively mediates specific gene silencing in the presence of serum, while the system with the PEO graft copolymer fails to do so. While the pH-dependent lytic functionality of PPAA was found to be lost upon grafting with PEO or Jeffamine, the hydrophobicity of the latter was sufficient to mediate cellular internalization and endosomal escape. Thus, the PPAA-g-Jeffamine copolymers hold substantial promise as agents for controlled therapeutic delivery of antisense oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Y Peddada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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40
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P-glycoprotein interfering agents potentiate ivermectin susceptibility in ivermectin sensitive and resistant isolates of Teladorsagia circumcincta and Haemonchus contortus. Parasitology 2009; 136:1081-8. [PMID: 19549355 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182009990345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) homologues, belonging to the ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter family, are thought to play an important role in the resistance of gastro-intestinal nematode parasites against macrocyclic lactones. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of various P-gp interfering compounds on the efficacy of ivermectin (IVM) in sensitive and resistant nematode isolates. The feeding of IVM resistant and sensitive Teladorsagia circumcincta and Haemonchus contortus first-stage larvae (L1) was assessed using a range of IVM concentrations (0.08-40 nm) with or without P-gp inhibitors: valspodar, verapamil, quercetin, ketoconazole and pluronic P85. The P-gp inhibitors were selected on the basis of their ability to interfere with P-gp transport activity in an epithelial cell line over-expressing murine P-gp. In the presence of P-gp interfering agents, the in vitro susceptibility to IVM of both sensitive and resistant isolates of T. circumcincta and H. contortus was increased. These results show that compounds interfering with P-gp transport activity could enhance IVM efficacy in sensitive isolates, and also restore IVM sensitivity in resistant nematodes. These results support the view that ABC transporters can play an important role in resistance to IVM, at least in the free-living stages of these economically important gastro-intestinal nematodes.
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Neudeck BL, Alford TD, Faith NG, Czuprynski CJ. The poloxamer P85 is protective against Listeria monocytogenes invasion. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2009; 5:859-65. [PMID: 18991538 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2008.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes remains an important foodborne pathogen, and strategies designed to decrease the susceptibility of selected patient populations to foodborne pathogens are therefore desirable. Our objective was to determine if the poloxamer P85 was protective against L. monocytogenes infection. Caco-2 cells were treated with 0.1% (w/v) P85 and challenged with 10(7) L. monocytogenes EGD for 1 hour. A standard gentamicin protection assay was performed to determine invasion differences between the experimental groups. Effects of P85 on the pathogen were studied by measuring bacterial growth and ATP concentrations. In a murine model of listeriosis, FVB mice were administered 150 mg/kg P85 or vehicle control 45 minutes prior to intragastric inoculation of 10(7) L. monocytogenes. Dissemination of the pathogen from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver and spleen was determined 24 hours after bacterial challenge. Pretreatment of Caco-2 cells with P85 significantly decreased L. monocytogenes invasion compared to controls. Repletion of ATP reversed the protective effects of P85. No changes in bacterial ATP or growth profile were detected in P85-treated bacteria. Administration of P85 to mice prior to infection led to decreased dissemination to the liver and spleen compared to vehicle-treated mice. P85 is protective against L. monocytogenes infection when administered prior to bacterial challenge. Modulation of host ATP levels appears to be crucial for the protective effects of P85.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brien L Neudeck
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA.
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42
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Recent development of nonviral gene delivery systems with virus-like structures and mechanisms. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 71:475-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 07/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Kim S, Kim JH, Jeon O, Kwon IC, Park K. Engineered polymers for advanced drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 71:420-30. [PMID: 18977434 PMCID: PMC2794279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Engineered polymers have been utilized for developing advanced drug delivery systems. The development of such polymers has caused advances in polymer chemistry, which, in turn, has resulted in smart polymers that can respond to changes in environmental condition such as temperature, pH, and biomolecules. The responses vary widely from swelling/deswelling to degradation. Drug-polymer conjugates and drug-containing nano/micro-particles have been used for drug targeting. Engineered polymers and polymeric systems have also been used in new areas, such as molecular imaging as well as in nanotechnology. This review examines the engineered polymers that have been used as traditional drug delivery systems and as more recent applications in nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jong-Ho Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Oju Jeon
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Kinam Park
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Chen S, Yang B, Guo C, Ma JH, Yang LR, Liang X, Hua C, Liu HZ. Spontaneous Vesicle Formation of Poly(ethylene oxide)−Poly(propylene oxide)−Poly(ethylene oxide) Triblock Copolymer. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:15659-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8019039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Chen
- Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jun-He Ma
- Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Liang-Rong Yang
- Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Xiangfeng Liang
- Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Chao Hua
- Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Hui-Zhou Liu
- Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Savić R, Eisenberg A, Maysinger D. Block copolymer micelles as delivery vehicles of hydrophobic drugs: Micelle–cell interactions. J Drug Target 2008; 14:343-55. [PMID: 17092835 DOI: 10.1080/10611860600874538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
One-third of drugs in development are water insoluble and one-half fail in trials because of poor pharmacokinetics. Block copolymer micelles are nanosized particles that can solubilize hydrophobic drugs and alter their kinetics in vitro and in vivo. However, block copolymer micelles are not solely passive drug containers that simply solubilize hydrophobic drugs; cells internalize micelles. To facilitate the development of advanced, controlled, micellar drug delivery vehicles, we have to understand the fate of micelles and micelle-incorporated drugs in cells and in vivo. With micelle-based drug formulations recently reaching clinical trials, the impetus for answers is ever so strong and detailed studies of interactions of micelles and cells are starting to emerge. Most notably, the question arises: Is the internalization of block copolymer micelles carrying small molecular weight drugs an undesired side effect or a useful means of improving the effectiveness of the incorporated drugs?
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslav Savić
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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47
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Yang Z, Sahay G, Sriadibhatla S, Kabanov AV. Amphiphilic block copolymers enhance cellular uptake and nuclear entry of polyplex-delivered DNA. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:1987-94. [PMID: 18729495 DOI: 10.1021/bc800144a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work for the first time demonstrates that synthetic polymers enhance uptake and nuclear import of plasmid DNA (pDNA) through the activation of cellular trafficking machinery. Nonionic block copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide), Pluronics, are widely used as excipients in pharmaceutics. We previously demonstrated that Pluronics increase the phosphorylation of IkappaB and subsequent NFkappaB nuclear localization as well as upregulate numerous NFkappaB-related genes. In this study, we show that Pluronics enhance gene transfer by pDNA/polycation complexes ("polyplexes") in a promoter-dependent fashion. Addition of Pluronic P123 or P85 to polyethyleneimine-based polyplexes had little effect on polyplex particle size but significantly enhanced pDNA cellular uptake, nuclear translocation, and gene expression in several cell lines. When added to polyplex-transfected cells after transfection, Pluronics enhanced nuclear import of pDNA containing NFkappaB binding sites, but have no effect on import of pDNA without these sites. Altogether, our studies suggest that Pluronics rapidly activate NFkappaB, which binds cytosolic pDNA that possesses promoters containing NFkappaB binding sites and consequently increase nuclear import of pDNA through NFkappaB nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Yang
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5830, USA
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48
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Batrakova EV, Kabanov AV. Pluronic block copolymers: evolution of drug delivery concept from inert nanocarriers to biological response modifiers. J Control Release 2008; 130:98-106. [PMID: 18534704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 885] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanomaterials have sparked a considerable interest as vehicles used for diagnostic and therapeutic agents; research in nanomedicine has not only become a frontier movement but is also a revolutionizing drug delivery field. A common approach for building a drug delivery system is to incorporate the drug within the nanocarrier that results in increased solubility, metabolic stability, and improved circulation time. With this foundation, nanoparticles with stealth properties that can circumvent RES and other clearance and defense mechanisms are the most promising. However, recent developments indicate that select polymer nanomaterials can implement more than only inert carrier functions by being biological response modifiers. One representative of such materials is Pluronic block copolymers that cause various functional alterations in cells. The key attribute for the biological activity of Pluronics is their ability to incorporate into membranes followed by subsequent translocation into the cells and affecting various cellular functions, such as mitochondrial respiration, ATP synthesis, activity of drug efflux transporters, apoptotic signal transduction, and gene expression. As a result, Pluronics cause drastic sensitization of MDR tumors to various anticancer agents, enhance drug transport across the blood brain and intestinal barriers, and causes transcriptional activation of gene expression both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these studies suggest that Pluronics have a broad spectrum of biological response modifying activities which make it one of the most potent drug targeting systems available, resulting in a remarkable impact on the emergent field of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Batrakova
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA.
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Murphy JJ, Furusho H, Paton RM, Nomura K. Precise synthesis of poly(macromonomer)s containing sugars by repetitive ROMP and their attachments to poly(ethylene glycol): synthesis, TEM analysis and their properties as amphiphilic block fragments. Chemistry 2008; 13:8985-97. [PMID: 17668433 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Various poly(macromonomer)s (PMMs) have been prepared by a repeating ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) technique using the well-defined molybdenum initiators of the type, [Mo(CHCMe(2)Ph)(NAr)(OR)(2)] with OR=OCMe(3), OCMeC(CF(3))(2); Ar=2,6-iPr(2)C(6)H(3), 2,6-Me(2)C(6)H(3). The synthetic strategy is based on the polymerization of norbornene and its derivatives affording di- and triblock side chains bearing sugars (mannose, galactose, glucose etc.), linked via O- (ester), and glycosidase resistant C- (isoxazoline) glycosides. The efficient placement of norbornene units on the side chain termini and their conversion into PMMs, facilitated by the Mo alkylidenes, proceeded in a living manner with the quantitative initiation. The methodology was applied to prepare poly(macromonomer)-graft-PEG [PEG: poly(ethylene glycol)], by the attachment of a pseudo phenol terminus on the PMM main chain to PEG-Ms(2) [MsO(CH(2)CH(2)O)(n)Ms, Ms=MeSO(2)] using a "grafting to" approach. Removal of the acetal protecting groups from the sugar coating of a variety of supramolecular structures including PMMs, linear amphiphilic block copolymers (ABC) and a PMM-graft-PEGby using trifluroacetic acid/water (9:1), and suspension in water, prompted the spontaneous formation of spherical architectures by self-assembly of the amphiphilic PMMs as observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ability to uptake the hydrophobic dye (Nile Red) into the micellar cores of a variety of amphiphilic polymeric fragments is a significant step towards the production of sugar-coated nanospheres for cell-targeting biomimetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Murphy
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
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50
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Lomas H, Massignani M, Abdullah KA, Canton I, Lo Presti C, MacNeil S, Du J, Blanazs A, Madsen J, Armes SP, Lewis AL, Battaglia G. Non-cytotoxic polymer vesicles for rapid and efficient intracellular delivery. Faraday Discuss 2008; 139:143-59; discussion 213-28, 419-20. [DOI: 10.1039/b717431d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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