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Blackburn C, Tai H, Salerno M, Wang X, Hartsuiker E, Wang W. Folic acid and rhodamine labelled pH responsive hyperbranched polymers: Synthesis, characterization and cell uptake studies. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Yu S, Zhang Z, He C, Chen X. pH- and Amylase-Responsive Carboxymethyl Starch/Poly(2-isobutyl-acrylic acid) Hybrid Microgels as Effective Enteric Carriers for Oral Insulin Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2123-2136. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangjiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoliang He
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
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Xu C, Huang Y, Wu J, Tang L, Hong Y. Triggerable Degradation of Polyurethanes for Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:20377-88. [PMID: 26312436 PMCID: PMC10965041 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineered and bioactive scaffolds with different degradation rates are required for the regeneration of diverse tissues/organs. To optimize tissue regeneration in different tissues, it is desirable that the degradation rate of scaffolds can be manipulated to comply with various stages of tissue regeneration. Unfortunately, the degradation of most degradable polymers relies solely on passive controlled degradation mechanisms. To overcome this challenge, we report a new family of reduction-sensitive biodegradable elastomeric polyurethanes containing various amounts of disulfide bonds (PU-SS), in which degradation can be initiated and accelerated with the supplement of a biological product: antioxidant-glutathione (GSH). The polyurethanes can be processed into films and electrospun fibrous scaffolds. Synthesized materials exhibited robust mechanical properties and high elasticity. Accelerated degradation of the materials was observed in the presence of GSH, and the rate of such degradation depends on the amount of disulfide present in the polymer backbone. The polymers and their degradation products exhibited no apparent cell toxicity while the electrospun scaffolds supported fibroblast growth in vitro. The in vivo subcutaneous implantation model showed that the polymers prompt minimal inflammatory responses, and as anticipated, the polymer with the higher disulfide bond amount had faster degradation in vivo. This new family of polyurethanes offers tremendous potential for directed scaffold degradation to promote maximal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancan Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yihui Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jinglei Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Liu Z, Zhang X, Rao M, Lu L, Liang P, Wu J, Quan C, Zhang C. Targeting of a Thermosensitive Nanogel Copolymerized With Macromonomer for Cell Uptake and Drug Controlled Release. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2014.958827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Guidry EN, Farand J, Soheili A, Parish CA, Kevin NJ, Pipik B, Calati KB, Ikemoto N, Waldman JH, Latham AH, Howell BJ, Leone A, Garbaccio RM, Barrett SE, Parmar RG, Truong QT, Mao B, Davies IW, Colletti SL, Sepp-Lorenzino L. Improving the in vivo therapeutic index of siRNA polymer conjugates through increasing pH responsiveness. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:296-307. [PMID: 24409989 DOI: 10.1021/bc400442p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymer based carriers that aid in endosomal escape have proven to be efficacious siRNA delivery agents in vitro and in vivo; however, most suffer from cytotoxicity due in part to a lack of selectivity for endosomal versus cell membrane lysis. For polymer based carriers to move beyond the laboratory and into the clinic, it is critical to find carriers that are not only efficacious, but also have margins that are clinically relevant. In this paper we report three distinct categories of polymer conjugates that improve the selectivity of endosomal membrane lysis by relying on the change in pH associated with endosomal trafficking, including incorporation of low pKa heterocycles, acid cleavable amino side chains, or carboxylic acid pH sensitive charge switches. Additionally, we determine the therapeutic index of our polymer conjugates in vivo and demonstrate that the incorporation of pH responsive elements dramatically expands the therapeutic index to 10-15, beyond that of the therapeutic index (less than 3), for polymer conjugates previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N Guidry
- Department of Process Chemistry and ∥Department of Analytical Chemistry, Merck & Co. Inc. , , Rahway, New Jersey, United States
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Yin Q, Shen J, Zhang Z, Yu H, Li Y. Reversal of multidrug resistance by stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems for therapy of tumor. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1699-715. [PMID: 23611952 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to successful cancer therapy, especially for chemotherapy. The new drug delivery system (DDS) provides promising approaches to reverse MDR, for which the poor cellular uptake and insufficient intracellular drug release remain rate-limiting steps for reaching the drug concentration level within the therapeutic window. Stimulus-coupled drug delivery can control the drug-releasing pattern temporally and spatially, and improve the accumulation of chemotherapeutic agents at targeting sites. In this review, the applications of DDS which is responsive to different types of stimuli in MDR cancer therapy is introduced, and the design, construction, stimuli-sensitivity and the effect to reverse MDR of the stimuli-responsive DDS are discussed.
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Wang J, Sun X, Mao W, Sun W, Tang J, Sui M, Shen Y, Gu Z. Tumor redox heterogeneity-responsive prodrug nanocapsules for cancer chemotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:3670-6. [PMID: 23740675 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A prodrug forms nanocapsules responsive to tumor GSH/ROS heterogeneity releasing the parent drug SN38 via thiolysis in the presence of GSH (glutathione) or via enhanced hydrolysis due to ROS (reactive oxygen species)-oxidation of the linker, giving rise to high in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo anticancer therapeutic activity. The nanocapsules are a suitable size for tumor targeting by means of the EPR effect and have a fixed SN38 loading content of 35 wt%, ideal for translational nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiang Wang
- Center for Bionanoengineering and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China
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Benoit DSW, Boutin ME. Controlling mesenchymal stem cell gene expression using polymer-mediated delivery of siRNA. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:3841-9. [PMID: 23020123 DOI: 10.1021/bm301294n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
siRNA treatment has great promise to specifically control gene expression and select cell behaviors but has delivery challenges limiting its use. Particularly for applications in regenerative medicine, uniform and consistent delivery of siRNA to control gene expression and subsequent stem cell functions, such as differentiation, is paramount. Therefore, a diblock copolymer was examined for its ability to effectively deliver siRNA to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The diblock copolymers, which are composed of cationic blocks for siRNA complexation, protection, and uptake and pH-responsive blocks for endosomal escape, were shown to facilitate nearly 100% MSC uptake of siRNA. This is vastly superior to a commercially available control, DharmaFECT, which resulted in only ~60% siRNA positive MSCs. Moreover, the diblock copolymer, at conditions that result in excellent knockdown (down to ~10% of control gene expression), was cytocompatible, causing no negative effects on MSC survivability. In contrast, DharmaFECT/siRNA treatment resulted in only ~60% survivability of MSCs. Longitudinal knockdown after siRNA treatment was examined and protein knockdown persists for ~6 days regardless of delivery system (diblock copolymer or DharmaFECT). Finally, MSC phenotype and differentiation capacity was examined after treatment with control siRNA. There was no statistically significant differences on cell surface markers of diblock copolymer/siRNA or DharmaFECT/siRNA-treated or cells measured 2 weeks after siRNA delivery compared to untreated cells. Upon differentiation with typical media/culture conditions to adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages and examination of histological staining markers, there was no discernible differences between treated and untreated cells, regardless of delivery mechanism. Thus, diblock copolymers examined herein facilitated uniform siRNA treatment of MSCs, inducing siRNA-specific gene and protein knockdown without adversely affecting MSC survival or differentiation capacity and therefore show great promise for use within regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
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SYNTHESIS OF pH RESPONSIBLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS BY THE INCLUSION OF A DYNAMIC COVALENT BOND, BENZOIC-IMINE. ACTA POLYM SIN 2011. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2011.11181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Foster S, Duvall CL, Crownover EF, Hoffman AS, Stayton PS. Intracellular delivery of a protein antigen with an endosomal-releasing polymer enhances CD8 T-cell production and prophylactic vaccine efficacy. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:2205-12. [PMID: 21043513 DOI: 10.1021/bc100204m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based vaccines have significant potential as infectious disease and anticancer therapeutics, but clinical impact has been limited in some applications by their inability to generate a coordinated cellular immune response. Here, a pH-responsive carrier incorporating poly(propylacrylic acid) (PPAA) was evaluated to test whether improved cytosolic delivery of a protein antigen could enhance CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocyte generation and prophylactic tumor vaccine responses. PPAA was directly conjugated to the model ovalbumin antigen via reducible disulfide linkages and was also tested in a particulate formulation after condensation with cationic poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA). Intracellular trafficking studies revealed that both PPAA-containing formulations were stably internalized and evaded exocytotic pathways, leading to increased intracellular accumulation and potential access to the cytosolic MHC-1 antigen presentation pathway. In an EG.7-OVA mouse tumor protection model, both PPAA-containing carriers robustly inhibited tumor growth and led to an approximately 3.5-fold increase in the longevity of tumor-free survival relative to controls. Mechanistically, this response was attributed to the 8-fold increase in production of ovalbumin-specific CD8+ T-lymphocytes and an 11-fold increase in production of antiovalbumin IgG. Significantly, this is one of the first demonstrated examples of in vivo immunotherapeutic efficacy using soluble protein-polymer conjugates. These results suggest that carriers enhancing cytosolic delivery of protein antigens could lead to more robust CD8+ T-cell response and demonstrate the potential of pH-responsive PPAA-based carriers for therapeutic vaccine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Foster
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Intracellular Delivery of Biologics, University of Washington, Seattle Washington 98195, USA
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Garbern JC, Hoffman AS, Stayton PS. Injectable pH- and temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-propylacrylic acid) copolymers for delivery of angiogenic growth factors. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:1833-9. [PMID: 20509687 PMCID: PMC2914148 DOI: 10.1021/bm100318z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new sharply pH- and temperature-responsive hydrogel system was designed for delivering drugs to regions of local acidosis, as found in wound healing, tumor sites, or sites of ischemia. The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique was used to synthesize copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM) and propylacrylic acid (PAA) with feed ratios of PAA between 0 and 20 mol %. The pH-responsive viscoelastic properties of these materials as a function of pH and temperature were quantified by rheometry. At physiologic pH (7.4) and 5 wt %, the polymer did not form gels but rather remained soluble at temperatures as high as 50 degrees C. At lower pH values (pH ca. 5.5 and below), the polymer was liquid at 20 degrees C, but exhibited a sol-gel phase transformation with increasing temperature and existed as a physical gel at 37 degrees C. Incorporation of the hydrophobic monomer, butyl acrylate, into the random copolymer raised the pH of gel formation to greater than 6.0 at 37 degrees C. Drug loading studies demonstrated that p(NIPAAm-co-PAA) hydrogels are able to maintain the bioactivity of basic fibroblast growth factor following storage in hydrogel for 40 h and can provide sustained pH-dependent release of vascular endothelial growth factor over a period of at least three weeks. This hydrogel system will thus gel at controllable acidic pH values upon injection, and is designed to undergo gradual dissolution as it performs its drug delivery function and the ischemic site returns to physiological pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C. Garbern
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Allan S. Hoffman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Patrick S. Stayton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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Benoit DS, Henry SM, Shubin AD, Hoffman AS, Stayton PS. pH-responsive polymeric sirna carriers sensitize multidrug resistant ovarian cancer cells to doxorubicin via knockdown of polo-like kinase 1. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:442-55. [PMID: 20073508 PMCID: PMC2920053 DOI: 10.1021/mp9002255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapies have great potential for the treatment of debilitating diseases such as cancer, but an effective delivery strategy for siRNA is elusive. Here, pH-responsive complexes were developed for the delivery of siRNA in order to sensitize drug-resistant ovarian cancer cells (NCI/ADR-RES) to doxorubicin. The electrostatic complexes consisted of a cationic micelle used as a nucleating core, siRNA, and a pH-responsive endosomolytic polymer. Cationic micelles were formed from diblock copolymers of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (pDMAEMA) and butyl methacrylate (pDbB). The hydrophobic butyl core mediated micelle formation while the positively charged pDMAEMA corona enabled siRNA condensation. To enhance cytosolic delivery through endosomal release, a pH-responsive copolymer of poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) (pSMA) was electrostatically complexed with the positively charged siRNA/micelle to form a ternary complex. Complexes exhibited size (30-105 nm) and charge (slightly positive) properties important for endocytosis and were found to be noncytotoxic and mediate uptake in >70% of ovarian cancer cells after 1 h of incubation. The pH-responsive ternary complexes were used to deliver siRNA against polo-like kinase 1 (plk1), a gene upregulated in many cancers and responsible for cell cycle progression, to ovarian cancer cell lines. Treatment resulted in approximately 50% reduction of plk1 gene expression in the drug-resistant NCI/ADR-RES ovarian cancer cell model and in the drug-sensitive parental cell line, OVCAR8. This knockdown functionally sensitized NCI/ADR-RES cells to doxorubicin at levels similar to OVCAR8. Sensitization occurred through a p53 signaling pathway, as indicated by caspase 3/7 upregulation following plk1 knockdown and doxorubicin treatment, and this effect could be abrogated using a p53 inhibitor. To demonstrate the potential for dual delivery from this polymer system, micelle cores were subsequently loaded with doxorubicin and utilized in ternary complexes to achieve cell sensitization through simultaneous siRNA and drug delivery from a single carrier. These results show knockdown of plk1 results in sensitization of multidrug resistant cells to doxorubicin, and this combination of gene silencing and small molecule drug delivery may prove useful to achieve potent therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew D. Shubin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195
| | - Allan S. Hoffman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195
| | - Patrick S. Stayton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195
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Lim J, Chouai A, Lo ST, Liu W, Sun X, Simanek EE. Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Triazine Dendrimers Bearing Paclitaxel Using Ester and Ester/Disulfide Linkages. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:2154-61. [DOI: 10.1021/bc900324z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jongdoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Abdellatif Chouai
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Su-Tang Lo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Eric E. Simanek
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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Sedlák M, Koňák Č. A New Approach to Polymer Self-assembly into Stable Nanoparticles: Poly(ethylacrylic acid) Homopolymers. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9015032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marián Sedlák
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Čestmír Koňák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Flanary S, Hoffman AS, Stayton PS. Antigen delivery with poly(propylacrylic acid) conjugation enhances MHC-1 presentation and T-cell activation. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:241-8. [PMID: 19125614 DOI: 10.1021/bc800317a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
While many infectious diseases are controlled by vaccine strategies, important limitations continue to motivate the development of better antigen delivery systems. This study focuses on the use of a pH-sensitive polymeric carrier based on poly(propylacrylic acid) (PPAA) to address the need for more potent CD8 cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses. An MHC-1/CD8 CTL cell model system with ovalbumin as the protein antigen was used to test whether PPAA could enhance the delivery of ovalbumin into the MHC-1 display pathway. Ovalbumin was conjugated to poly(propylacrylic acid-co-pyridyldisulfide acrylate) (PPAA-PDSA) by disulfide exchange to make reversible conjugates that could be reduced by the glutathione redox system in the cytosol of antigen presenting cells. The PPAA-PDSA ovalbumin conjugates displayed the pH-sensitive membrane disruptive properties of the parent polymer as determined by their hemolysis activities (sharply active at the endosomal pH values of 6-6.5). The polymer-ovalbumin conjugates exhibited strong 22-fold increases in the MHC-1 presentation and ovalbumin-specific CTL activation compared to free ovalbumin. No CTL activation was observed with control conjugates of ovalbumin and poly(methylacrylic acid) (PMAA) that do not display membrane disruptive activies, suggesting that it is the membrane destabilizing properties of the polymer that result in increased MHC-1 display and CTL activation. Further mechanistic studies quantitated the time course of stable intracellular localization of radiolabeled conjugates. 52% of initially internalized PPAA-conjugated ovalbumin remained in the cells after 4 h, compared to less than 10% of ovalbumin or PMAA-ovalbumin. These results showing enhanced cytosolic delivery and MHC-1 presentation for the PPAA-antigen conjugates suggest that they warrant future characterization as a CD8-enhancing vaccine delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Flanary
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Kim S, Kim JH, Jeon O, Kwon IC, Park K. Engineered polymers for advanced drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 71:420-30. [PMID: 18977434 PMCID: PMC2794279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Engineered polymers have been utilized for developing advanced drug delivery systems. The development of such polymers has caused advances in polymer chemistry, which, in turn, has resulted in smart polymers that can respond to changes in environmental condition such as temperature, pH, and biomolecules. The responses vary widely from swelling/deswelling to degradation. Drug-polymer conjugates and drug-containing nano/micro-particles have been used for drug targeting. Engineered polymers and polymeric systems have also been used in new areas, such as molecular imaging as well as in nanotechnology. This review examines the engineered polymers that have been used as traditional drug delivery systems and as more recent applications in nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jong-Ho Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Oju Jeon
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Kinam Park
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Wang S, Zhou Y, Guan W, Ding B. Preparation and Characterization of Stimuli-Responsive Magnetic Nanoparticles. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2008; 3:289. [PMCID: PMC3244868 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-008-9151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the main attention was focused on the synthesis of stimuli-responsive magnetic nanoparticles (SR-MNPs) and the influence of glutathione concentration on its cleavage efficiency. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were first modified with activated pyridyldithio. Then, MNPs modified with activated pyridyldithio (MNPs-PDT) were conjugated with 2, 4-diamino-6-mercaptopyrimidine (DMP) to form SR-MNPs via stimuli-responsive disulfide linkage. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize MNPs-PDT. The disulfide linkage can be cleaved by reduced glutathione (GHS). The concentration of glutathione plays an important role in controlling the cleaved efficiency. The optimum concentration of GHS to release DMP is in the millimolar range. These results had provided an important insight into the design of new MNPs for biomedicine applications, such as drug delivery and bio-separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShiXing Wang
- School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shanxi, 710049, China
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shanxi, 710049, China
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Guan
- School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shanxi, 710049, China
| | - Bingjun Ding
- School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an, Shanxi, 710049, China
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Lim J, Guo Y, Rostollan CL, Stanfield J, Hsieh JT, Sun X, Simanek EE. The Role of the Size and Number of Polyethylene Glycol Chains in the Biodistribution and Tumor Localization of Triazine Dendrimers. Mol Pharm 2008; 5:540-7. [DOI: 10.1021/mp8000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jongdoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, and Departments of Radiology and Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8452
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, and Departments of Radiology and Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8452
| | - Cynthia L. Rostollan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, and Departments of Radiology and Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8452
| | - Jennifer Stanfield
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, and Departments of Radiology and Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8452
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, and Departments of Radiology and Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8452
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, and Departments of Radiology and Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8452
| | - Eric E. Simanek
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, and Departments of Radiology and Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8452
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Wong L, Boyer C, Jia Z, Zareie HM, Davis TP, Bulmus V. Synthesis of Versatile Thiol-Reactive Polymer Scaffolds via RAFT Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:1934-44. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800197v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingjiun Wong
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia, and Institute for Nanoscale Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, NSW, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia, and Institute for Nanoscale Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhongfan Jia
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia, and Institute for Nanoscale Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, NSW, Australia
| | - Hadi M. Zareie
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia, and Institute for Nanoscale Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia, and Institute for Nanoscale Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, NSW, Australia
| | - Volga Bulmus
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia, and Institute for Nanoscale Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, NSW, Australia
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Little SR, Kohane DS. Polymers for intracellular delivery of nucleic acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b712930k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
This review describes recent progresses in the development and applications of smart polymeric gels, especially in the context of biomedical devices. The review has been organized into three separate sections: defining the basis of smart properties in polymeric gels; describing representative stimuli to which these gels respond; and illustrating a sample application area, namely, microfluidics. One of the major limitations in the use of hydrogels in stimuli-responsive applications is the diffusion rate limited transduction of signals. This can be obviated by engineering interconnected pores in the polymer structure to form capillary networks in the matrix and by downscaling the size of hydrogels to significantly decrease diffusion paths. Reducing the lag time in the induction of smart responses can be highly useful in biomedical devices, such as sensors and actuators. This review also describes molecular imprinting techniques to fabricate hydrogels for specific molecular recognition of target analytes. Additionally, it describes the significant advances in bottom-up nanofabrication strategies, involving supramolecular chemistry. Learning to assemble supramolecular structures from nature has led to the rapid prototyping of functional supramolecular devices. In essence, the barriers in the current performance potential of biomedical devices can be lowered or removed by the rapid convergence of interdisciplinary technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somali Chaterji
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University, 206 S. Intramural Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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Hahn SK, Park JK, Tomimatsu T, Shimoboji T. Synthesis and degradation test of hyaluronic acid hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 40:374-80. [PMID: 17101173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels prepared with three different crosslinking reagents were assessed by in vitro and in vivo degradation tests for various tissue engineering applications. Adipic acid dihydrazide grafted HA (HA-ADH) was synthesized and used for the preparation of methacrylated HA (HA-MA) with methacrylic anhydride and thiolated HA (HA-SH) with Traut's reagent (imminothiolane). (1)H NMR analysis showed that the degrees of HA-ADH, HA-MA, and HA-SH modification were 69, 29, and 56 mol%, respectively. HA-ADH hydrogel was prepared by the crosslinking with bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate (BS(3)), HA-MA hydrogel with dithiothreitol (DTT) by Michael addition, and HA-SH hydrogel with sodium tetrathionate by disulfide bond formation. According to in vitro degradation tests, HA-SH hydrogel was degraded very fast, compared to HA-ADH and HA-MA hydrogels. HA-ADH hydrogel was degraded slightly faster than HA-MA hydrogel. Based on these results, HA-MA hydrogels and HA-SH hydrogels were implanted in the back of SD rats and their degradation was assessed according to the pre-determined time schedule. As expected from the in vitro degradation test results, HA-SH hydrogel was in vivo degraded completely only in 2 weeks, whereas HA-MA hydrogels were degraded only partially even in 29 days. The degradation rate of HA hydrogels were thought to be controlled by changing the crosslinking reagents and the functional group of HA derivatives. In addition, the state of HA hydrogel was another factor in controlling the degradation rate. Dried HA hydrogel at 37 degrees C for a day resulted in relatively slow degradation compared to the bulk HA hydrogel. There was no adverse effect during the in vivo tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Kwang Hahn
- Preclinical Research Department I, Roche Group, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan.
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Zong Y, Guo J, Ke T, Mohs AM, Parker DL, Lu ZR. Effect of size and charge on pharmacokinetics and in vivo MRI contrast enhancement of biodegradable polydisulfide Gd(III) complexes. J Control Release 2006; 112:350-6. [PMID: 16631270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Revised: 03/04/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate how the structures of polydisulfide Gd(III) complexes affect their pharmacokinetics and in vivo contrast enhancement as biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents. A negatively charged polydisulfide Gd(III) complex, (Gd-DTPA)-cystine copolymers (GDCP), and a neutral agent, (Gd-DTPA)-cystine diethyl ester copolymers (GDCEP), with different molecular weights were prepared and characterized. The MRI contrast enhancement of the agents was studied in mice. Neutral GDCEP showed more rapid degradation than negatively charged GDCP in the blood plasma. Consequently, GDCP resulted in more significant and prolonged contrast enhancement in the blood pool and liver than GDCEP. The size of GDCEP did not significantly affect its in vivo contrast enhancement due to rapid degradation and clearance from the blood circulation. The increase in the molecular weight of GDCP resulted in prolonged in vivo contrast enhancement in the blood pool. The structural modification of polydisulfide Gd(III) complexes resulted in biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents with different degradability and in vivo contrast enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuda Zong
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of UT, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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