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Fu JY, Meganathan P, Gunasegaran N, Tan DMY. Effect of nano-delivery systems on the bioavailability and tissue biodistribution of vitamin E tocotrienols. Food Res Int 2023; 171:113048. [PMID: 37330852 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E is one of the most important essential vitamins to support the regulation of oxidative stress in human body. Tocotrienols are part of the vitamin E family. The potentials of tocotrienols as nutraceutical ingredient are largely understated due to low oral bioavailability, which is a common problem associated with fat-soluble bioactive compounds. Nanoencapsulation technology offers innovative solutions to enhance the delivery mechanisms of these compounds. In this study, the effect of nanoencapsulation on the oral bioavailability and tissue distribution of tocotrienols were investigated using two types of formulations, i.e. nanovesicles (NV-T3) and solid lipid nanoparticles (NP-T3). At least 5-fold increment in maximum plasma concentrations, evident with dual-peak pharmacokinetic profiles, were observed after oral administration of nano-encapsulated tocotrienols. Plasma tocotrienol composition showed a shift from α-tocotrienol dominant in control group (Control-T3) to γ-tocotrienol dominant after nanoencapsulation. Tissue distribution of tocotrienols was found to be strongly influenced by the type of nanoformulation. Both nanovesicles (NV-T3) and nanoparticles (NP-T3) showed elevated accumulation in the kidneys and liver (5-fold) compared to control group while selectivity for α-tocotrienol was evident for NP-T3. In brain and liver of rats given NP-T3, α-tocotrienol emerged as the dominant congener (>80%). Acute oral administration of nanoencapsulated tocotrienols did not show signs of toxicity. The study concluded enhanced bioavailability and selective tissue accumulation of tocotrienol congeners when delivered via nanoencapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yen Fu
- Product Development and Advisory Department, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Puvaneswari Meganathan
- Product Development and Advisory Department, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nisanthei Gunasegaran
- Product Development and Advisory Department, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Doryn Meam Yee Tan
- Product Development and Advisory Department, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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2
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Ekinci M, Çalışkan EE, Çakar B, İlem-Özdemir D, Uyanıkgil Y, Çetin Uyanıkgil EÖ. [ 99mTc]Technetium-Labeled Niosomes: Radiolabeling, Quality Control, and In Vitro Evaluation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6279-6288. [PMID: 36844604 PMCID: PMC9948160 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to develop technetium-99m ([99mTc]Tc)-radiolabeled niosomes and evaluate the cancer cell incorporation capacity of radiolabeled niosomes. For this purpose, niosome formulations were developed by film hydration method, and prepared niosomes were characterized to particle size, polydispersity index (PdI), ζ-potential value, and image profile. Then, niosomes were radiolabeled with [99mTc]Tc using stannous salts (chloride) as a reducing agent. The radiochemical purity (RP) and stability in different mediums of the niosomes were assessed by ascending radioactive thin-layer chromatography (RTLC) and radioactive ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (R-UPLC) methods. Also, the partition coefficient value of radiolabeled niosomes was determined. The cell incorporation of [99mTc]Tc-labeled niosome formulations, as well as reduced/hydrolyzed (R/H)-[99mTc]NaTcO4 in the HT-29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma) cells, was then assessed. According to the obtained results, the spherical niosomes had a particle size of 130.5 ± 1.364 nm, a PdI value of 0.250 ± 0.023, and a negative charge of -35.4 ± 1.06 mV. The niosome formulations were effectively radiolabeled with [99mTc]Tc using 500 μg mL-1 stannous chloride for 15 min, and RP was found to be over 95%. [99mTc]Tc-niosomes showed good in vitro stability in every system for up to 6 h. The log P value of radiolabeled niosomes was found as -0.66 ± 0.02. Compared to R/H-[99mTc]NaTcO4 (34.18 ± 1.56%), the incorporation percentages of [99mTc]Tc-niosomes (88.45 ± 2.54%) were shown to be higher in cancer cells. In conclusion, the newly developed [99mTc]Tc-niosomes showed good prototype for potential use in nuclear medicine imaging in the near future. However, further investigations, such as drug encapsulation and biodistribution studies, should be performed, and our studies are continuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meliha Ekinci
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Emine Esin Çalışkan
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of
Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Ege
University, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Burak Çakar
- Faculty
of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Derya İlem-Özdemir
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Yiğit Uyanıkgil
- Faculty
of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
- Health
Science Institute, Department of Stem Cell, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
- Cord
Blood, Cell and Tissue Research and Application Centre, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Emel Öykü Çetin Uyanıkgil
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of
Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Ege
University, 35100 Izmir, Türkiye
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Sakpakdeejaroen I, Somani S, Laskar P, Mullin M, Dufès C. Regression of Melanoma Following Intravenous Injection of Plumbagin Entrapped in Transferrin-Conjugated, Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2615-2631. [PMID: 33854311 PMCID: PMC8039437 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s293480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plumbagin, a naphthoquinone extracted from the officinal leadwort presenting promising anti-cancer properties, has its therapeutic potential limited by its inability to reach tumors in a specific way at a therapeutic concentration following systemic injection. The purpose of this study is to assess whether a novel tumor-targeted, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticle formulation of plumbagin would suppress the growth of B16-F10 melanoma in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Novel lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles entrapping plumbagin and conjugated with transferrin, whose receptors are present in abundance on many cancer cells, have been developed. Their cellular uptake, anti-proliferative and apoptosis efficacy were assessed on various cancer cell lines in vitro. Their therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in vivo after tail vein injection to mice bearing B16-F10 melanoma tumors. RESULTS The transferrin-bearing lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles loaded with plumbagin resulted in the disappearance of 40% of B16-F10 tumors and regression of 10% of the tumors following intravenous administration. They were well tolerated by the mice. CONCLUSION These therapeutic effects, therefore, make transferrin-bearing lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles entrapping plumbagin a highly promising anti-cancer nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intouch Sakpakdeejaroen
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Sukrut Somani
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Partha Laskar
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Margaret Mullin
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Christine Dufès
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
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Akanda M, Getti G, Nandi U, Mithu MS, Douroumis D. Bioconjugated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for targeted prostate cancer therapy. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120416. [PMID: 33647403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the prominent causes of cancer mortality in men all over the world and a challenge to treat. In this study, transferrin (Tf) bioconjugated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were developed and loaded with curcumin (CRC) for active targeting of prostate cancer cells. Curcumin is an anticancer agent, but its clinical applications are impeded due to the poor water solubility and bioavailability. Prepared blank Tf-SLNs showed minimal cytotoxicity while Tf-CRC-SLNs demonstrated significant in-vitro anti-proliferative activity compared to CRC-SLNs alone. Cellular uptake of Tf-CRC-SLNs were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05/=0.01) compared to unconjugated SLNs or pure drug alone. Bioconjugated Tf-CRC-SLNs also showed improved early apoptotic and late apoptotic or early necrotic populations (6.4% and 88.9% respectively) to CRC-SLNs and CRC solution. Most importantly, in-vivo studies with Tf-CRC-SLNs in mice bearing prostate cancer revealed significant tumour regression (392.64 mm3 after 4 weeks, p < 0.001) compared to the control group. The findings of this work encourage future investigations and further in-vivo clinical studies on the potential of bioconjugated SLNs for cancer cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiq Akanda
- Medway School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Giullia Getti
- Medway School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Uttom Nandi
- Medway School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Md Sadeque Mithu
- Medway School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis Douroumis
- Medway School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB Kent, United Kingdom; Centre for Innovation & Process Engineering Research, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB Kent, United Kingdom.
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Maniam G, Mai CW, Zulkefeli M, Fu JY. Co-encapsulation of gemcitabine and tocotrienols in nanovesicles enhanced efficacy in pancreatic cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:373-389. [PMID: 33543651 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To synthesize niosomes co-encapsulating gemcitabine (GEM) and tocotrienols, and physicochemically characterize and evaluate the antipancreatic effects of the nanoformulation on Panc 10.05, SW 1990, AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells. Materials & methods: Niosomes-entrapping GEM and tocotrienols composed of Span 60, cholesterol and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate were produced by Handjani-Vila and film hydration methods. Results: The film hydration produced vesicles measuring 161.9 ± 0.5 nm, approximately 50% smaller in size than Handjani-Vila method, with maximum entrapment efficiencies of 20.07 ± 0.22% for GEM and 34.52 ± 0.10% for tocotrienols. In Panc 10.05 cells, GEM's antiproliferative effect was enhanced 2.78-fold in combination with tocotrienols. Niosomes produced a significant ninefold enhancement in cytotoxicity of the combination, supported by significantly higher cellular uptake of GEM in the cells. Conclusion: This study is a proof of concept on the synthesis of dual-drug niosomes and their efficacy on pancreatic cancer cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Maniam
- School of Postgraduate Study, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Product Development & Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Cancer & Stem Cells Research, Institute for Research, Development & Innovation, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zulkefeli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ju-Yen Fu
- Product Development & Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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6
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Mohd Zaffarin AS, Ng SF, Ng MH, Hassan H, Alias E. Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics of Vitamin E: Nanoformulations to Enhance Bioavailability. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9961-9974. [PMID: 33324057 PMCID: PMC7733471 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s276355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E belongs to the family of lipid-soluble vitamins and can be divided into two groups, tocopherols and tocotrienols, with four isomers (alpha, beta, gamma and delta). Although vitamin E is widely known as a potent antioxidant, studies have also revealed that vitamin E possesses anti-inflammatory properties. These crucial properties of vitamin E are beneficial in various aspects of health, especially in neuroprotection and cardiovascular, skin and bone health. However, the poor bioavailability of vitamin E, especially tocotrienols, remains a great limitation for clinical applications. Recently, nanoformulations that include nanovesicles, solid-lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, and polymeric nanoparticles have shown promising outcomes in improving the efficacy and bioavailability of vitamin E. This review focuses on the pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetics of vitamin E and current advances in vitamin E nanoformulations for future clinical applications. The limitations and future recommendations are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Syauqina Mohd Zaffarin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Shiow-Fern Ng
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Haniza Hassan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ekram Alias
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Sakpakdeejaroen I, Somani S, Mullin M, Dufès C. Development of transferrin-bearing vesicles encapsulating aspirin for cancer therapy. J Liposome Res 2019; 30:174-181. [PMID: 31060409 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2019.1614054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Originally developed for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug aspirin was shown to have a preventive effect against cancer in the past decades. Most importantly, recent studies suggested that it might also provide a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of cancer in vitro. However, this drug failed to specifically reach tumors at a therapeutic concentration following intravenous administration, thus resulting in lack of efficacy on tumors. In this work, we demonstrated that aspirin could be formulated in transferrin-bearing vesicles and that this tumor-targeted formulation could lead to an increase in the anti-proliferative efficacy of the drug in three cancer cell lines in vitro. The in vitro therapeutic efficacy of aspirin was significantly improved when formulated in transferrin-bearing vesicles, by about 2-fold compared to that of drug solution. These results are promising and support the optimization of this delivery system to further improve its potential as a therapeutic tool in combination with other anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intouch Sakpakdeejaroen
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sukrut Somani
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Margaret Mullin
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christine Dufès
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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8
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Sakpakdeejaroen I, Somani S, Laskar P, Mullin M, Dufès C. Transferrin-bearing liposomes entrapping plumbagin for targeted cancer therapy. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY NANOMEDICINE 2019; 4:54-71. [PMID: 31341642 PMCID: PMC6619241 DOI: 10.1002/jin2.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of plumbagin, a naphthoquinone extracted from the officinal leadwort with anticancer properties, is hampered by its failure to specifically reach tumours at a therapeutic concentration after intravenous administration, without secondary effects on normal tissues. Its use in clinic is further limited by its poor aqueous solubility, its spontaneous sublimation, and its rapid elimination in vivo. We hypothesize that the entrapment of plumbagin within liposomes grafted with transferrin, whose receptors are overexpressed on many cancer cells, could result in a selective delivery to tumours after intravenous administration. The objectives of this study were therefore to prepare and characterize transferrin-targeted liposomes entrapping plumbagin and to evaluate their therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo. The entrapment of plumbagin in transferrin-bearing liposomes led to an increase in plumbagin uptake by cancer cells and improved antiproliferative efficacy and apoptosis activity in B16-F10, A431, and T98G cell lines compared with that observed with the drug solution. In vivo, the intravenous injection of transferrin-bearing liposomes entrapping plumbagin led to tumour suppression for 10% of B16-F10 tumours and tumour regression for a further 10% of the tumours. By contrast, all the tumours treated with plumbagin solution or left untreated were progressive. The animals did not show any signs of toxicity. Transferrin-bearing liposomes entrapping plumbagin are therefore highly promising therapeutic systems that should be further optimized as a therapeutic tool for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intouch Sakpakdeejaroen
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Strathclyde161 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG4 0REUK
| | - Sukrut Somani
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Strathclyde161 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG4 0REUK
| | - Partha Laskar
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Strathclyde161 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG4 0REUK
| | - Margaret Mullin
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Christine Dufès
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Strathclyde161 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG4 0REUK
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9
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De Silva L, Fu JY, Htar TT, Muniyandy S, Kasbollah A, Wan Kamal WHB, Chuah LH. Characterization, optimization, and in vitro evaluation of Technetium-99m-labeled niosomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1101-1117. [PMID: 30863048 PMCID: PMC6391155 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s184912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Niosomes are nonionic surfactant-based vesicles that exhibit certain unique features which make them favorable nanocarriers for sustained drug delivery in cancer therapy. Biodistribution studies are critical in assessing if a nanocarrier system has preferential accumulation in a tumor by enhanced permeability and retention effect. Radiolabeling of nanocarriers with radioisotopes such as Technetium-99m (99mTc) will allow for the tracking of the nanocarrier noninvasively via nuclear imaging. The purpose of this study was to formulate, characterize, and optimize 99mTc-labeled niosomes. Methods Niosomes were prepared from a mixture of sorbitan monostearate 60, cholesterol, and synthesized D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (synthesis confirmed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy). Niosomes were radiolabeled by surface chelation with reduced 99mTc. Parameters affecting the radiolabeling efficiency such as concentration of stannous chloride (SnCl2·H2O), pH, and incubation time were evaluated. In vitro stability of radiolabeled niosomes was studied in 0.9% saline and human serum at 37°C for up to 8 hours. Results Niosomes had an average particle size of 110.2±0.7 nm, polydispersity index of 0.229±0.008, and zeta potential of −64.8±1.2 mV. Experimental data revealed that 30 µg/mL of SnCl2·H2O was the optimal concentration of reducing agent required for the radiolabeling process. The pH and incubation time required to obtain high radiolabeling efficiency was pH 5 and 15 minutes, respectively. 99mTc-labeled niosomes exhibited high radiolabeling efficiency (>90%) and showed good in vitro stability for up to 8 hours. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study published on the surface chelation of niosomes with 99mTc. The formulated 99mTc-labeled niosomes possessed high radiolabeling efficacy, good stability in vitro, and show good promise for potential use in nuclear imaging in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne De Silva
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia,
| | - Ju-Yen Fu
- Nutrition Unit, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia,
| | - Thet Thet Htar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia,
| | - Saravanan Muniyandy
- Department of Pharmacy, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Azahari Kasbollah
- Medical Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Lay-Hong Chuah
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia, .,Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia,
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10
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Maniam G, Mai CW, Zulkefeli M, Dufès C, Tan DMY, Fu JY. Challenges and Opportunities of Nanotechnology as Delivery Platform for Tocotrienols in Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1358. [PMID: 30534071 PMCID: PMC6276840 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived phytonutrients have emerged as health enhancers. Tocotrienols from the vitamin E family gained high attention in recent years due to their multi-targeted biological properties, including lipid-lowering, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. Despite well-defined mechanism of action as an anti-cancer agent, their clinical use is hampered by poor pharmacokinetic profile and low oral bioavailability. Delivery systems based on nanotechnology were proven to be advantageous in elevating the delivery of tocotrienols to tumor sites for enhanced efficacy. To date, preclinical development of nanocarriers for tocotrienols include niosomes, lipid nanoemulsions, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and polymeric nanoparticles. Active targeting was explored via the use of transferrin as targeting ligand in niosomes. In vitro, nanocarriers were shown to enhance the anti-proliferative efficacy and cellular uptake of tocotrienols in cancer cells. In vivo, improved bioavailability of tocotrienols were reported with NLCs while marked tumor regression was observed with transferrin-targeted niosomes. In this review, the advantages and limitations of each nanocarriers were critically analyzed. Furthermore, a number of key challenges were identified including scale-up production, biological barriers, and toxicity profiles. To overcome these challenges, three research opportunities were highlighted based on rapid advancements in the field of nanomedicine. This review aims to provide a wholesome perspective for tocotrienol nanoformulations in cancer therapy directed toward effective clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Maniam
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia
- Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cells Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zulkefeli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia
| | - Christine Dufès
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Doryn Meam-Yee Tan
- Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Ju-Yen Fu
- Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi, Malaysia
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11
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Sayers EJ, Magnusson JP, Moody PR, Mastrotto F, Conte C, Brazzale C, Borri P, Caliceti P, Watson P, Mantovani G, Aylott J, Salmaso S, Jones AT, Alexander C. Switching of Macromolecular Ligand Display by Thermoresponsive Polymers Mediates Endocytosis of Multiconjugate Nanoparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1030-1046. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Sayers
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Ave, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes P. Magnusson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Moody
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Ave, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Mastrotto
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Conte
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Brazzale
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Borri
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Peter Watson
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Mantovani
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Aylott
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Arwyn T. Jones
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Ave, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom
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12
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Abstract
Initial research on vitamin E and cancer has focused on α-tocopherol (αT), but recent clinical studies on cancer-preventive effects of αT supplementation have shown disappointing results, which has led to doubts about the role of vitamin E, including different vitamin E forms, in cancer prevention. However, accumulating mechanistic and preclinical animal studies show that other forms of vitamin E, such as γ-tocopherol (γT), δ-tocopherol (δT), γ-tocotrienol (γTE), and δ-tocotrienol (δTE), have far superior cancer-preventive activities than does αT. These vitamin E forms are much stronger than αT in inhibiting multiple cancer-promoting pathways, including cyclo-oxygenase (COX)- and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX)-catalyzed eicosanoids, and transcription factors such as nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3). These vitamin E forms, but not αT, cause pro-death or antiproliferation effects in cancer cells via modulating various signaling pathways, including sphingolipid metabolism. Unlike αT, these vitamin E forms are quickly metabolized to various carboxychromanols including 13'-carboxychromanols, which have even stronger anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects than some vitamin precursors. Consistent with mechanistic findings, γT, δT, γTE, and δTE, but not αT, have been shown to be effective for preventing the progression of various types of cancer in preclinical animal models. This review focuses on cancer-preventive effects and mechanisms of γT, δT, γTE, and δTE in cells and preclinical models and discusses current progress in clinical trials. The existing evidence strongly indicates that these lesser-known vitamin E forms are effective agents for cancer prevention or as adjuvants for improving prevention, therapy, and control of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jiang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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13
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Tan DMY, Fu JY, Wong FS, Er HM, Chen YS, Nesaretnam K. Tumor regression and modulation of gene expression via tumor-targeted tocotrienol niosomes. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2487-2502. [PMID: 28972460 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To develop 6-O-palmitoyl-ascorbic acid-based niosomes targeted to transferrin receptor for intravenous administration of tocotrienols (T3) in breast cancer. MATERIALS & METHODS Niosomes were prepared using film hydration and ultrasonication methods. Transferrin was coupled to the surface of niosomes via chemical linker. Nanovesicles were characterized for size, zeta potential, morphology, stability and biological efficacy. RESULTS When evaluated in MDA-MB-231 cells, entrapment of T3 in niosomes caused 1.5-fold reduction in IC50 value compared with nonformulated T3. In vivo, the average tumor volume of mice treated with tumor-targeted niosomes was 12-fold lower than that of untreated group, accompanied by marked downregulation of three genes involved in metastasis. CONCLUSION Findings suggested that tumor-targeted niosomes served as promising delivery system for T3 in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doryn Meam-Yee Tan
- Product Development & Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ju-Yen Fu
- Product Development & Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Fu-Shun Wong
- Product Development & Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Meng Er
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yu-Sui Chen
- Department of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kalanithi Nesaretnam
- Product Development & Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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14
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Karim R, Somani S, Al Robaian M, Mullin M, Amor R, McConnell G, Dufès C. Tumor regression after intravenous administration of targeted vesicles entrapping the vitamin E α-tocotrienol. J Control Release 2016; 246:79-87. [PMID: 27993600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of tocotrienol, a member of the vitamin E family of compounds with potent in vitro anti-cancer properties, is limited by its inability to specifically reach tumors following intravenous administration. The purpose of this study is to determine whether a novel tumor-targeted vesicular formulation of tocotrienol would suppress the growth of A431 epidermoid carcinoma and B16-F10 melanoma in vitro and in vivo. In this work, we demonstrated that novel transferrin-bearing multilamellar vesicles entrapping α-T3 resulted in a dramatically improved (by at least 52-fold) therapeutic efficacy in vitro on A431 cell line, compared to the free drug. In addition, the intravenous administration of tocotrienol entrapped in transferrin-bearing vesicles resulted in tumor suppression for 30% of A431 and 60% of B16-F10 tumors, without visible toxicity. Mouse survival was enhanced by >13days compared to controls administered with the drug solution only. This tumor-targeted, tocotrienol-based nanomedicine therefore significantly improved the therapeutic response in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reatul Karim
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Sukrut Somani
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Majed Al Robaian
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Mullin
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Rumelo Amor
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Gail McConnell
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Dufès
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom.
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15
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Montagnani Marelli M, Marzagalli M, Moretti RM, Beretta G, Casati L, Comitato R, Gravina GL, Festuccia C, Limonta P. Vitamin E δ-tocotrienol triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in human melanoma cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30502. [PMID: 27461002 PMCID: PMC4996065 DOI: 10.1038/srep30502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the leading cause of death from skin cancer. Drug toxicity and resistance represent a serious challange for melanoma treatments. Evidence demonstrates that natural compounds may play a crucial role in cancer prevention, growth and progression. Vitamin E tocotrienols (TT) were shown to possess antitumor activity. Here, we analyzed the effects of δ-TT on melanoma cell growth and the involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in this activity. The experiments were performed on human melanoma cell lines, BLM and A375. δ-TT exerted a significant proapoptotic effect on both cell lines, involving the intrinsic apoptosis pathway; importantly, this compound did not affect the viability of normal human melanocytes. In melanoma cells, δ-TT exerted its antitumor effect through activation of the PERK/p-eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP, IRE1α and caspase-4 ER stress-related branches. Salubrinal, an inhibitor of the ER stress, counteracted the cytotoxic activity of δ-TT. In vivo experiments performed in nude mice bearing A375 xenografts evidenced that δ-TT reduces tumor volume and tumor mass; importantly, tumor progression was significantly delayed by δ-TT treatment. In conclusion, δ-TT exerts a proapoptotic activity on melanoma cells, through activation of the ER stress-related pathways. δ-TT might represent an effective option for novel chemopreventive/therapeutic strategies for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Montagnani Marelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Monica Marzagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Roberta M. Moretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Lavinia Casati
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20129, Italy
| | - Raffaella Comitato
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Roma, 00178, Italy
| | - Giovanni L. Gravina
- Department of Applied and Biotechnological Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, L’Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Applied and Biotechnological Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, L’Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
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16
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Drug Delivery Innovations for Enhancing the Anticancer Potential of Vitamin E Isoforms and Their Derivatives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:584862. [PMID: 26137487 PMCID: PMC4475563 DOI: 10.1155/2015/584862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E isoforms have been extensively studied for their anticancer properties. Novel drug delivery systems (DDS) that include liposomes, nanoparticles, and micelles are actively being developed to improve Vitamin E delivery. Furthermore, several drug delivery systems that incorporate Vitamin E isoforms have been synthesized in order to increase the bioavailability of chemotherapeutic agents or to provide a synergistic effect. D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (Vitamin E TPGS or TPGS) is a synthetic derivative of natural alpha-tocopherol which is gaining increasing interest in the development of drug delivery systems and has also shown promising anticancer effect as a single agent. This review provides a summary of the properties and anticancer effects of the most potent Vitamin E isoforms and an overview of the various formulations developed to improve their efficacy, with an emphasis on the use of TPGS in drug delivery approaches.
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17
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Ng MH, Choo YM. Packed Supercritical Fluid Chromatography for the Analyses and Preparative Separations of Palm Oil Minor Components. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2015.68062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Al Robaian M, Chiam KY, Blatchford DR, Dufès C. Therapeutic efficacy of intravenously administered transferrin-conjugated dendriplexes on prostate carcinomas. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:421-34. [PMID: 24910874 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Improved treatments for prostate cancer are critically needed in order to overcome metastasis and lethal recurrence. Intravenously administered gene therapy would be an attractive anticancer treatment strategy; however, the lack of suitable carrier systems able to selectively deliver therapeutic genes to tumors has so far limited this investigation. Given that transferrin receptors are overexpressed on prostate cancer cells, the purpose of this study is to determine whether transferrin-conjugated dendriplexes encoding TNF-α, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and IL-12 would suppress the growth of prostate cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS & METHODS Transferrin-conjugated dendriplexes encoding TNF-α, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and IL-12 were intravenously administered to mice bearing subcutaneous PC-3 and DU145 tumors. RESULTS The administration of the transferrin-conjugated generation 3 diaminobutyric polypropylenimine dendriplex encoding TNF-a resulted in tumor suppression for 60% of PC-3 and 50% of DU145 prostate tumors. CONCLUSION These dendriplexes hold great potential as a novel approach for prostate cancer therapy.
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19
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Bioavailability of tocotrienols: evidence in human studies. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2014; 11:5. [PMID: 24410975 PMCID: PMC3895660 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a minor component of vitamin E, tocotrienols were evident in exhibiting biological activities such as neuroprotection, radio-protection, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and lipid lowering properties which are not shared by tocopherols. However, available data on the therapeutic window of tocotrienols remains controversial. It is important to understand the absorption and bioavailability mechanisms before conducting in-depth investigations into the therapeutic efficacy of tocotrienols in humans. In this review, we updated current evidence on the bioavailability of tocotrienols from human studies. Available data from five studies suggested that tocotrienols may reach its target destination through an alternative pathway despite its low affinity for α-tocopherol transfer protein. This was evident when studies reported considerable amount of tocotrienols detected in HDL particles and adipose tissues after oral consumption. Besides, plasma concentrations of tocotrienols were shown to be higher when administered with food while self-emulsifying preparation of tocotrienols was shown to enhance the absorption of tocotrienols. Nevertheless, mixed results were observed based on the outcome from 24 clinical studies, focusing on the dosages, study populations and formulations used. This may be due to the variation of compositions and dosages of tocotrienols used, suggesting a need to understand the formulation of tocotrienols in the study design. Essentially, implementation of a control diet such as AHA Step 1 diet may influence the study outcomes, especially in hypercholesterolemic subjects when lipid profile might be modified due to synergistic interaction between tocotrienols and control diet. We also found that the bioavailability of tocotrienols were inconsistent in different target populations, from healthy subjects to smokers and diseased patients. In this review, the effect of dosage, composition and formulation of tocotrienols as well as study populations on the bioavailability of tocotrienols will be discussed.
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20
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Transferrin and the transferrin receptor for the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain and cancer cells. Ther Deliv 2013; 4:629-40. [PMID: 23647279 DOI: 10.4155/tde.13.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential use of many promising novel drugs is limited by their inability to specifically reach their site of action after intravenous administration, without secondary effects on healthy tissues. In order to remediate this problem, the protein transferrin (Tf) has been extensively studied as a targeting molecule for the transport of drug and gene delivery systems to the brain and cancer cells. A wide range of delivery approaches have been developed to target the Tf receptor and they have already improved the specific delivery of Tf-bearing therapeutic agents to their site of action. This review provides a summary of the numerous delivery strategies used to target the Tf receptor and focuses on recent therapeutic advances.
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21
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Alayoubi AY, Anderson JF, Satyanarayanajois SD, Sylvester PW, Nazzal S. Concurrent delivery of tocotrienols and simvastatin by lipid nanoemulsions potentiates their antitumor activity against human mammary adenocarcenoma cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 48:385-92. [PMID: 23262057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) of vitamin E was previously shown to have anticancer activity against murine tumor cells in vitro. TRF was also shown to potentiate the anticancer activity of statins. The objectives of this study were therefore (a) to prepare and characterize stable parenteral lipid nanoemulsions as a novel platform for the concurrent delivery of TRF and simvastatin for subsequent use in combination chemotherapy, and (b) to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of the nanoemulsions against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human mammary tumor cells. Nanoemulsions were prepared by the high-pressure homogenization technique using a viscous 70/30 blend of TRF and medium chain triglycerides as the oil phase in which simvastatin was dissolved at 9%w/w loading. Nanoemulsion droplets were about 200 nm in size and had surface potential of -45 mV. In a dissolution study, approximately 20% of simvastatin was released in sink conditions after 24h. The stability of the nanoemulsions was monitored over 6 months of storage. No oxidation or degradation products were detected and no loss in simvastatin loading was observed during this period. The antiproliferative activity of the nanoemulsions was also retained after storage. The IC50 of the TRF nanoemulsions against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 was 14 and 7 μM, respectively, which decreased to 10 μM and 4.8 μM when simvastatin was added to the nanoemulsions. Nanoemulsions prepared with tocopherol had no anticancer activity and were used as negative control. This study demonstrated that parenteral lipid nanoemulsions are viable delivery platform for potential use in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaadin Y Alayoubi
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, United States
| | - John F Anderson
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Earth Sciences & Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, United States
| | - Seetharama D Satyanarayanajois
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, United States
| | - Paul W Sylvester
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, United States
| | - Sami Nazzal
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, United States.
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22
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Lemarié F, Chang CW, Blatchford DR, Amor R, Norris G, Tetley L, McConnell G, Dufès C. Antitumor activity of the tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate encapsulated in targeted vesicles after intravenous administration. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 8:181-92. [PMID: 22891867 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The therapeutic potential of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol with anticancer properties, is limited by its inability to specifically reach tumors following intravenous administration. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a tumor-targeted vesicular formulation of EGCG would suppress the growth of A431 epidermoid carcinoma and B16-F10 melanoma in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS & METHODS Transferrin-bearing vesicles encapsulating EGCG were administered intravenously to mice bearing subcutaneous A431 and B16-F10 tumors. RESULTS The intravenous administration of EGCG encapsulated in transferrin-bearing vesicles resulted in tumor suppression in 40% of A431 and B16-F10 tumors. Animal survival was improved by more than 20 days compared with controls. CONCLUSION Encapsulation of EGCG in transferrin-bearing vesicles is a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Lemarié
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
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23
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Lemarié F, Croft DR, Tate RJ, Ryan KM, Dufès C. Tumor regression following intravenous administration of a tumor-targeted p73 gene delivery system. Biomaterials 2012; 33:2701-9. [PMID: 22200536 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential of gene therapy to treat cancer is hampered by the lack of safe and efficacious gene delivery systems able to selectively deliver therapeutic genes to tumors by intravenous administration. With the long-term aim of developing an efficacious cancer-targeted gene medicine, we demonstrated that transferrin-bearing polypropylenimine dendrimer complexed to a plasmid DNA encoding p73 led to an enhanced anti-proliferative activity in vitro, by up to 120-fold in A431 compared to the unmodified dendriplex. In vivo, the intravenous administration of this p73-encoding dendriplex resulted in a rapid and sustained inhibition of tumor growth over one month, with complete tumor suppression for 10% of A431 and B16-F10 tumors and long-term survival of the animals. The treatment was well tolerated by the animals, with no apparent signs of toxicity. These results suggest that the p73-encoding tumor-targeted polypropylenimine dendrimer should be further explored as a therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Lemarié
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
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24
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Ling MT, Luk SU, Al-Ejeh F, Khanna KK. Tocotrienol as a potential anticancer agent. Carcinogenesis 2011; 33:233-9. [PMID: 22095072 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is composed of two structurally similar compounds: tocopherols (TPs) and tocotrienols (T3). Despite being overshadowed by TP over the past few decades, T3 is now considered to be a promising anticancer agent due to its potent effects against a wide range of cancers. A growing body of evidence suggests that in addition to its antioxidative and pro-apoptotic functions, T3 possesses a number of anticancer properties that make it superior to TP. These include the inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions, the suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor tumor angiogenic pathway and the induction of antitumor immunity. More recently, T3, but not TP, has been shown to have chemosensitization and anti-cancer stem cell effects, further demonstrating the potential of T3 as an effective anticancer therapeutic agent. With most of the previous clinical studies on TP producing disappointing results, research has now focused on testing T3 as the next generation vitamin E for chemoprevention and cancer treatment. This review will summarize recent developments in the understanding of the anticancer effects of T3. We will also discuss current progress in clinical trials involving T3 as an adjuvant to conventional cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming T Ling
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Qld 4102, Australia.
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25
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Research Spotlight: Delivery of the vitamin E compound tocotrienol to cancer cells. Ther Deliv 2011; 2:1385-9. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tocotrienol, a member of the vitamin E family of compounds, is currently receiving increased attention owing to its highly promising anticancer effects. However, its potential in cancer therapy is limited by its poor bioavailability and its inability to specifically reach tumors at therapeutic concentrations after intravenous administration. In order to address these problems, various delivery strategies have been proposed, such as the inclusion of tocotrienol in γ-cyclodextrins, prodrugs and emulsions, and entrapment in lipid nanoparticles and vesicles. Among these approaches, we have demonstrated that the entrapment of tocotrienol within vesicles bearing transferrin, whose receptors are overexpressed on numerous cancer cells, significantly improved the uptake by cancer cells overexpressing transferrin receptors. Consequently, the intravenous administration of tocotrienol entrapped in transferrin-bearing vesicles led to tumor regression and even complete tumor suppression in some cases in a murine tumor model, as well as improvement of animal survival. Transferrin-bearing vesicles are therefore highly promising for the delivery of tocotrienol to cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and should be further investigated to optimize the anticancer therapeutic effect of tocotrienol.
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26
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Park K. Hexagonal prism nanocarriers for mitigated phagocytosis. J Control Release 2011; 154:1. [PMID: 21771619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kinam Park
- Purdue University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
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