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Mendes GG, Faulk B, Kaparthi B, Irion AR, Fong BL, Bayless K, Bondos SE. Genetic Functionalization of Protein-Based Biomaterials via Protein Fusions. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4639-4662. [PMID: 39074364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Proteins implement many useful functions, including binding ligands with unparalleled affinity and specificity, catalyzing stereospecific chemical reactions, and directing cell behavior. Incorporating proteins into materials has the potential to imbue devices with these desirable traits. This review highlights recent advances in creating active materials by genetically fusing a self-assembling protein to a functional protein. These fusion proteins form materials while retaining the function of interest. Key advantages of this approach include elimination of a separate functionalization step during materials synthesis, uniform and dense coverage of the material by the functional protein, and stabilization of the functional protein. This review focuses on macroscale materials and discusses (i) multiple strategies for successful protein fusion design, (ii) successes and limitations of the protein fusion approach, (iii) engineering solutions to bypass any limitations, (iv) applications of protein fusion materials, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, enzyme immobilization, electronics, and biosensing, and (v) opportunities to further develop this useful technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Geraldo Mendes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807-3260, United States
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech University, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, United States
| | - Britt Faulk
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Bhavika Kaparthi
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Andrew R Irion
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Brandon Look Fong
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Kayla Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807-3260, United States
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Sarah E Bondos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807-3260, United States
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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2
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Jiang A, Guan X, He L, Guan X. Engineered elastin-like polypeptides: An efficient platform for enhanced cancer treatment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1113079. [PMID: 36699056 PMCID: PMC9868590 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1113079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDSs) have recently gained widespread attention for improving drug loading and delivery efficiency in treating many cancers. Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are synthetic peptides derived from a precursor of elastin (tropoelastin), reserving similar structural and physicochemical properties. ELPs have gained a variety of applications in tissue engineering and cancer therapy due to their excellent biocompatibility, complete degradability, temperature-responsive property, controllable sequence and length, and precisely tuned structure and function. ELPs-based drug delivery systems can improve the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of therapeutic reagents, leading to enhanced antitumor efficacy. In this review, we summarize the recent application of ELPs in cancer treatment, focusing on the delivery of functional peptides, therapeutic proteins, small molecule drugs, and photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taizhou University Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xinqiang Guan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lianping He
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xingang Guan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taizhou University Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China,Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China,*Correspondence: Xingang Guan,
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3
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Tailored Functionalized Protein Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy: Recent Developments and Prospects. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010168. [PMID: 36678796 PMCID: PMC9861211 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the potential use of nanoparticles for the targeted delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents has garnered increased interest. Several nanoparticle drug delivery systems have been developed for cancer treatment. Typically, protein-based nanocarriers offer several advantages, including biodegradability and biocompatibility. Using genetic engineering or chemical conjugation approaches, well-known naturally occurring protein nanoparticles can be further prepared, engineered, and functionalized in their self-assembly to meet the demands of clinical production efficiency. Accordingly, promising protein nanoparticles have been developed with outstanding tumor-targeting capabilities, ultimately overcoming multidrug resistance issues, in vivo delivery barriers, and mimicking the tumor microenvironment. Bioinspired by natural nanoparticles, advanced computational techniques have been harnessed for the programmable design of highly homogenous protein nanoparticles, which could open new routes for the rational design of vaccines and drug formulations. The current review aims to present several significant advancements made in protein nanoparticle technology, and their use in cancer therapy. Additionally, tailored construction methods and therapeutic applications of engineered protein-based nanoparticles are discussed.
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Elastin-like polypeptide-based micelles as a promising platform in nanomedicine. J Control Release 2023; 353:713-726. [PMID: 36526018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
New and improved nanomaterials are constantly being developed for biomedical purposes. Nanomaterials based on elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) have increasingly shown potential over the past two decades. These polymers are artificial proteins of which the design is based on human tropoelastin. Due to this similarity, ELP-based nanomaterials are biodegradable and therefore well suited to drug delivery. The assembly of ELP molecules into nanoparticles spontaneously occurs at temperatures above a transition temperature (Tt). The ELP sequence influences both the Tt and the physicochemical properties of the assembled nanomaterial. Nanoparticles with desired properties can hence be designed by choosing the appropriate sequence. A promising class of ELP nanoparticles are micelles assembled from amphiphilic ELP diblock copolymers. Such micelles are generally uniform and well defined. Furthermore, site-specific attachment of cargo to the hydrophobic block results in micelles with the cargo shielded inside their core, while conjugation to the hydrophilic block causes the cargo to reside in the corona where it is available for interactions. Such control over particle design is one of the main contributing factors for the potential of ELP-based micelles as a drug delivery system. Additionally, the micelles are easily loaded with protein or peptide-based cargo by expressing it as a fusion protein. Small molecule drugs and other cargo types can be either covalently conjugated to ELP domains or physically entrapped inside the micelle core. This review aims to give an overview of ELP-based micelles and their applications in nanomedicine.
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Gueta O, Amiram M. Expanding the chemical repertoire of protein-based polymers for drug-delivery applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114460. [PMID: 36030987 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Expanding the chemical repertoire of natural and artificial protein-based polymers (PBPs) can enable the production of sequence-defined, yet chemically diverse, biopolymers with customized or new properties that cannot be accessed in PBPs composed of only natural amino acids. Various approaches can enable the expansion of the chemical repertoire of PBPs, including chemical and enzymatic treatments or the incorporation of unnatural amino acids. These techniques are employed to install a wide variety of chemical groups-such as bio-orthogonally reactive, cross-linkable, post-translation modifications, and environmentally responsive groups-which, in turn, can facilitate the design of customized PBP-based drug-delivery systems with modified, fine-tuned, or entirely new properties and functions. Here, we detail the existing and emerging technologies for expanding the chemical repertoire of PBPs and review several chemical groups that either demonstrate or are anticipated to show potential in the design of PBP-based drug delivery systems. Finally, we provide our perspective on the remaining challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osher Gueta
- The Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Miriam Amiram
- The Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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6
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Haas S, Desombre M, Kirschhöfer F, Huber MC, Schiller SM, Hubbuch J. Purification of a Hydrophobic Elastin-Like Protein Toward Scale-Suitable Production of Biomaterials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:878838. [PMID: 35814018 PMCID: PMC9257828 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.878838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastin-like proteins (ELPs) are polypeptides with potential applications as renewable bio-based high-performance polymers, which undergo a stimulus-responsive reversible phase transition. The ELP investigated in this manuscript—ELP[V2Y-45]—promises fascinating mechanical properties in biomaterial applications. Purification process scalability and purification performance are important factors for the evaluation of potential industrial-scale production of ELPs. Salt-induced precipitation, inverse transition cycling (ITC), and immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) were assessed as purification protocols for a polyhistidine-tagged hydrophobic ELP showing low-temperature transition behavior. IMAC achieved a purity of 86% and the lowest nucleic acid contamination of all processes. Metal ion leakage did not propagate chemical modifications and could be successfully removed through size-exclusion chromatography. The simplest approach using a high-salt precipitation resulted in a 60% higher target molecule yield compared to both other approaches, with the drawback of a lower purity of 60% and higher nucleic acid contamination. An additional ITC purification led to the highest purity of 88% and high nucleic acid removal. However, expensive temperature-dependent centrifugation steps are required and aggregation effects even at low temperatures have to be considered for the investigated ELP. Therefore, ITC and IMAC are promising downstream processes for biomedical applications with scale-dependent economical costs to be considered, while salt-induced precipitation may be a fast and simple alternative for large-scale bio-based polymer production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Haas
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Molecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Monika Desombre
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Molecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Kirschhöfer
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Matthias C. Huber
- Center for Biosystems Analysis, Albert‐Ludwigs‐University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT, Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan M. Schiller
- Center for Biosystems Analysis, Albert‐Ludwigs‐University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT, Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Molecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jürgen Hubbuch,
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7
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Bidwell GL. Novel Protein Therapeutics Created Using the Elastin-Like Polypeptide Platform. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:367-381. [PMID: 34486397 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00026.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are bioengineered proteins that have a unique physical property, a thermally triggered inverse phase transition, that can be exploited for drug delivery. ELP-fusion proteins can be used as soluble biologics, thermally targeted drug carriers, self-assembling nanoparticles, and slow-release drug depots. Because of their unique physical characteristics and versatility for delivery of nearly any type of therapeutic, ELP-based drug delivery systems represent a promising platform for biologics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene L Bidwell
- Departments of Neurology, Cell and Molecular Biology, and Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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8
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Seyyednia E, Oroojalian F, Baradaran B, Mojarrad JS, Mokhtarzadeh A, Valizadeh H. Nanoparticles modified with vasculature-homing peptides for targeted cancer therapy and angiogenesis imaging. J Control Release 2021; 338:367-393. [PMID: 34461174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The two major challenges in cancer treatment include lack of early detection and ineffective therapies with various side effects. Angiogenesis is the key process in the growth, survival, invasiveness, and metastasis of many of cancerous tumors. Imaging of the angiogenesis could lead to diagnosis of tumors in the early stage and evaluation of the therapeutic responses. Angiogenic blood vessels express specific molecular markers different from normal blood vessels (in level or kind). This fact would make the tumor vasculature a suitable site to target therapeutics and imaging agents within the tumor. Surface modified nanoparticles using peptide ligands with high binding affinity to the vasculature markers, provide efficient delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents, while avoiding undesirable side effects. In this review, we discuss discoveries of various tumor targeting peptides useful for tumor angiogenesis imaging and targeted therapy with emphasis on surface modified nanomedicines using vasculature targeting peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Seyyednia
- Student Research Committee and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Oroojalian
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javid Shahbazi Mojarrad
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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9
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Georgilis E, Abdelghani M, Pille J, Aydinlioglu E, van Hest JC, Lecommandoux S, Garanger E. Nanoparticles based on natural, engineered or synthetic proteins and polypeptides for drug delivery applications. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Saha S, Banskota S, Roberts S, Kirmani N, Chilkoti A. Engineering the Architecture of Elastin-Like Polypeptides: From Unimers to Hierarchical Self-Assembly. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020; 3:1900164. [PMID: 34307837 PMCID: PMC8297442 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Well-defined tunable nanostructures formed through the hierarchical self-assembly of peptide building blocks have drawn significant attention due to their potential applications in biomedical science. Artificial protein polymers derived from elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs), which are based on the repeating sequence of tropoelastin (the water-soluble precursor to elastin), provide a promising platform for creating nanostructures due to their biocompatibility, ease of synthesis, and customizable architecture. By designing the sequence and composition of ELPs at the gene level, their physicochemical properties can be controlled to a degree that is unmatched by synthetic polymers. A variety of ELP-based nanostructures are designed, inspired by the self-assembly of elastin and other proteins in biological systems. The choice of building blocks determines not only the physical properties of the nanostructures, but also their self-assembly into architectures ranging from spherical micelles to elongated nanofibers. This review focuses on the molecular determinants of ELP and ELP-hybrid self-assembly and formation of spherical, rod-like, worm-like, fibrillar, and vesicle architectures. A brief discussion of the potential biomedical applications of these supramolecular assemblies is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Saha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Samagya Banskota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Stefan Roberts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Nadia Kirmani
- Department of Biology, Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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11
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Israeli B, Vaserman L, Amiram M. Multi‐Site Incorporation of Nonstandard Amino Acids into Protein‐Based Biomaterials. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bar Israeli
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva Israel
| | - Livne Vaserman
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva Israel
| | - Miriam Amiram
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva Israel
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12
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Mie M, Matsumoto R, Mashimo Y, Cass AEG, Kobatake E. Development of drug-loaded protein nanoparticles displaying enzymatically-conjugated DNA aptamers for cancer cell targeting. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:261-269. [PMID: 30421127 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Modification of protein-based drug carriers with tumor-targeting properties is an important area of research in the field of anticancer drug delivery. To this end, we developed nanoparticles comprised of elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) with fused poly-aspartic acid chains (ELP-D) displaying DNA aptamers. DNA aptamers were enzymatically conjugated to the surface of the nanoparticles via genetic incorporation of Gene A* protein into the sequence of the ELP-D fusion protein. Gene A* protein, derived from bacteriophage ϕX174, can form covalent complexes with single-stranded DNA via the latter's recognition sequence. Gene A* protein-displaying nanoparticles exhibited the ability to deliver the anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX), whilst retaining activity of the conjugated Gene A* protein. PTX-loaded protein nanoparticles displaying DNA aptamers known to bind to the MUC1 tumor marker resulted in increased cytotoxicity with MCF-7 breast cancer cells compared to PTX-loaded protein nanoparticles without the DNA aptamer modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayasu Mie
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Midori-ku, Nagatsuta, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Rie Matsumoto
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Midori-ku, Nagatsuta, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mashimo
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Midori-ku, Nagatsuta, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Anthony E G Cass
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Eiry Kobatake
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Midori-ku, Nagatsuta, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan.
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13
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Jain A, Singh SK, Arya SK, Kundu SC, Kapoor S. Protein Nanoparticles: Promising Platforms for Drug Delivery Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3939-3961. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annish Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Sumit K. Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Shailendra K. Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Subhas C. Kundu
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs − Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sonia Kapoor
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida 201 313, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Spicer CD, Jumeaux C, Gupta B, Stevens MM. Peptide and protein nanoparticle conjugates: versatile platforms for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:3574-3620. [PMID: 29479622 PMCID: PMC6386136 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00877e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Peptide- and protein-nanoparticle conjugates have emerged as powerful tools for biomedical applications, enabling the treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of disease. In this review, we focus on the key roles played by peptides and proteins in improving, controlling, and defining the performance of nanotechnologies. Within this framework, we provide a comprehensive overview of the key sequences and structures utilised to provide biological and physical stability to nano-constructs, direct particles to their target and influence their cellular and tissue distribution, induce and control biological responses, and form polypeptide self-assembled nanoparticles. In doing so, we highlight the great advances made by the field, as well as the challenges still faced in achieving the clinical translation of peptide- and protein-functionalised nano-drug delivery vehicles, imaging species, and active therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Spicer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles Väg 2, Stockholm, Sweden.
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15
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Novel NGR anchored pullulan micelles for controlled and targeted delivery of doxorubicin to HeLa cancerous cells. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-018-0606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Park J, Kim JY, Choi SK, Kim JY, Kim JH, Jeon WB, Lee JE. Thermo-sensitive assembly of the biomaterial REP reduces hematoma volume following collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1853-1862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Zhang W, Garg S, Eldi P, Zhou FHH, Johnson IR, Brooks DA, Lam F, Rychkov G, Hayball J, Albrecht H. Targeting prostate cancer cells with genetically engineered polypeptide-based micelles displaying gastrin-releasing peptide. Int J Pharm 2016; 513:270-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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18
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Sarangthem V, Kim Y, Singh TD, Seo BY, Cheon SH, Lee YJ, Lee BH, Park RW. Multivalent Targeting Based Delivery of Therapeutic Peptide using AP1-ELP Carrier for Effective Cancer Therapy. Theranostics 2016; 6:2235-2249. [PMID: 27924160 PMCID: PMC5135405 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastin-like polypeptide (ELP)-based drug delivery has been utilized for various applications
including cancer therapies for many years. Genetic incorporation of internalization ligands and
cell-targeting peptides along with ELP polymer enhanced tumor accumulation and retention time
as well as stability and activities of the drug conjugates. Herein, we described a unique
delivery system comprised of genetically engineered ELP incorporated with multiple copies of
IL-4 receptor targeting peptide (AP1) periodically and proapoptotic peptide
(KLAKLAK)2 referred to as AP1-ELP-KLAK. It triggered thermal-responsive
self-assembly into a nanoparticle-like structure at physiological body temperature and
stabilized its helical conformation, which is critical for its membrane-disrupting activities.
Increased IL-4 receptor specific cellular internalization was associated with the enhanced
cytotoxic effect of (KLAKLAK)2 peptide. Additionally, multivalent presentation of
targeting ligands by AP1-ELP-KLAK significantly enhanced intratumoral localization and
prolonged the retention time compared to ELP-KLAK, non-targeted control. Systemic
administration of AP1-ELP-KLAK significantly inhibited tumor growth by provoking cell apoptosis
in various tumor xenograft models without any specific organ toxicity. Thus, our newly designed
AP1-ELP-KLAK polymer nanoparticle is a promising candidate for effective cancer therapy and due
to the simple preparative procedures of ELPs, this platform can be used as a good carrier for
tumor-specific delivery of other therapeutics.
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Shi J, Wang B, Wang L, Lu T, Fu Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z. Fullerene (C 60 )-based tumor-targeting nanoparticles with “off-on” state for enhanced treatment of cancer. J Control Release 2016; 235:245-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Yeboah A, Cohen RI, Rabolli C, Yarmush ML, Berthiaume F. Elastin-like polypeptides: A strategic fusion partner for biologics. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:1617-27. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Yeboah
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Rutgers University; Piscataway New Jersey
| | - Rick I. Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rutgers University; 599 Taylor Road Piscataway 08854 New Jersey
| | - Charles Rabolli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rutgers University; 599 Taylor Road Piscataway 08854 New Jersey
| | - Martin L. Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rutgers University; 599 Taylor Road Piscataway 08854 New Jersey
- Center for Engineering in Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Burns Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Francois Berthiaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rutgers University; 599 Taylor Road Piscataway 08854 New Jersey
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21
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Rodríguez-Cabello JC, Arias FJ, Rodrigo MA, Girotti A. Elastin-like polypeptides in drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:85-100. [PMID: 26705126 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of recombinant elastin-like materials, or elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs), in drug-delivery applications is reviewed in this work. Although ELRs were initially used in similar ways to other, more conventional kinds of polymeric carriers, their unique properties soon gave rise to systems of unparalleled functionality and efficiency, with the stimuli responsiveness of ELRs and their ability to self-assemble readily allowing the creation of advanced systems. However, their recombinant nature is likely the most important factor that has driven the current breakthrough properties of ELR-based delivery systems. Recombinant technology allows an unprecedented degree of complexity in macromolecular design and synthesis. In addition, recombinant materials easily incorporate any functional domain present in natural proteins. Therefore, ELR-based delivery systems can exhibit complex interactions with both their drug load and the tissues and cells towards which this load is directed. Selected examples, ranging from highly functional nanocarriers to macrodepots, will be presented.
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22
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Wu Y, Yang C, Lai Q, Zhang Q, Wang W, Yuan Z. Fabrication of thermo-sensitive complex micelles for reversible cell targeting. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:255. [PMID: 26449445 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To ideally solve the contradiction between enhanced cellular uptake and prolonged blood circulation, reversible targeting polymeric micelles based on the expanding and shrinking behavior of a temperature-responsive polymer were developed. The micelle contained a hydrophobic PCL core and a mixed shell consisting of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and biotin-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (Biotin-PEG), and its targeting ability could be switched on/off by temperature. The cellular uptake of the complex polymeric micelles was studied. The results from a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated that the surface biotin content increased by as much as 11.6-fold when the temperature increased above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). More importantly, the ELISA confirmed that biotin-mediated targeting on the surface was reversibly switched on and off for at least five cycles. In addition, the results from quantitative flow cytometry and confocal spectroscopy indicated that the cellular uptake of the targeted micelles at temperatures above the LCST was much higher than that at temperatures below the LCST. This complex polymeric micelle with reversible targeting property could be a promising alternative for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chengling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Quanyong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China.
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23
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Eetezadi S, Ekdawi SN, Allen C. The challenges facing block copolymer micelles for cancer therapy: In vivo barriers and clinical translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 91:7-22. [PMID: 25308250 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The application of block copolymer micelles (BCMs) in oncology has benefitted from advances in polymer chemistry, drug formulation and delivery as well as in vitro and in vivo biological models. While great strides have been made in each of these individual areas, there remains some disappointment overall, citing, in particular, the absence of more BCM formulations in clinical evaluation and practice. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the challenges presented by in vivo systems to the effective design and development of BCMs. In particular, the barriers posed by systemic administration and tumor properties are examined. The impact of critical features, such as the size, stability and functionalization of BCMs is discussed, while key pre-clinical endpoints and models are critiqued. Given clinical considerations, we present this work as a means to stimulate a renewed focus on the unique chemical versatility bestowed by BCMs and a measured grasp of representative in vitro and in vivo models.
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24
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Blum A, Kammeyer JK, Rush AM, Callmann CE, Hahn ME, Gianneschi NC. Stimuli-responsive nanomaterials for biomedical applications. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2140-54. [PMID: 25474531 PMCID: PMC4353031 DOI: 10.1021/ja510147n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nature employs a variety of tactics to precisely time and execute the processes and mechanics of life, relying on sequential sense and response cascades to transduce signaling events over multiple length and time scales. Many of these tactics, such as the activation of a zymogen, involve the direct manipulation of a material by a stimulus. Similarly, effective therapeutics and diagnostics require the selective and efficient homing of material to specific tissues and biomolecular targets with appropriate temporal resolution. These systems must also avoid undesirable or toxic side effects and evade unwanted removal by endogenous clearing mechanisms. Nanoscale delivery vehicles have been developed to package materials with the hope of delivering them to select locations with rates of accumulation and clearance governed by an interplay between the carrier and its cargo. Many modern approaches to drug delivery have taken inspiration from natural activatable materials like zymogens, membrane proteins, and metabolites, whereby stimuli initiate transformations that are required for cargo release, prodrug activation, or selective transport. This Perspective describes key advances in the field of stimuli-responsive nanomaterials while highlighting some of the many challenges faced and opportunities for development. Major hurdles include the increasing need for powerful new tools and strategies for characterizing the dynamics, morphology, and behavior of advanced delivery systems in situ and the perennial problem of identifying truly specific and useful physical or molecular biomarkers that allow a material to autonomously distinguish diseased from normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela
P. Blum
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jacquelin K. Kammeyer
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Anthony M. Rush
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Cassandra E. Callmann
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Michael E. Hahn
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department
of Radiology, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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25
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Wang W, Despanie J, Shi P, Edman-Woolcott MC, Lin YA, Cui H, Heur JM, Fini ME, Hamm-Alvarez SF, MacKay JA. Lacritin-mediated regeneration of the corneal epithelia by protein polymer nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:8131-8141. [PMID: 25530855 PMCID: PMC4270104 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00979g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The avascular corneal epithelium plays an important role in maintaining normal vision and protecting the corneal interior from environmental infections. Delayed recovery of ocular wounds caused by trauma or refractive surgery strengthens the need to accelerate corneal wound healing and better restore the ocular surface. To address this need, we fused elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) based nanoparticles SI with a model mitogenic protein called lacritin. Lacritin fused at the N-terminus of the SI diblock copolymer is called LSI. This LSI fusion protein undergoes thermo-responsive assembly of nanoparticles at physiologically relevant temperatures. In comparison to ELP nanoparticles without lacritin, LSI showed potent signs of lacritin specific effects on a human corneal epithelial cell line (HCE-T), which included enhancement of cellular uptake, calcium-mediated signaling, and closure of a scratch. In vivo, the corneas of non-obese diabetic mice (NOD) were found to be highly responsive to LSI. Fluorescein imaging and corneal histology suggested that topical administration of LSI onto the ocular surface significantly promoted corneal wound healing and epithelial integrity compared to mice treated with or without plain ELP. Most interestingly, it appears that ELP-mediated assembly of LSI is essential to produce this potent activity. This was confirmed by comparison to a control lacritin ELP fusion called LS96, which does not undergo thermally-mediated assembly at relevant temperatures. In summary, fusion of a mitogenic protein to ELP nanoparticles appears to be a promising new strategy to bioengineer more potent biopharmaceuticals with potential applications in corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA; 90033-9121
| | - Jordan Despanie
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA; 90033-9121
| | - Pu Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA; 90033-9121
| | - Maria C Edman-Woolcott
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA; 90033-9121
| | - Yi-An Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; 21218
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; 21218
| | - J Martin Heur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; 90033-9121
| | - M Elizabeth Fini
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; 90033-9121
| | - Sarah F Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA; 90033-9121 ; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; 90033-9121
| | - J Andrew MacKay
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA; 90033-9121 ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; 90033
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26
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Kim W, Haller C, Dai E, Wang X, Hagemeyer CE, Liu DR, Peter K, Chaikof EL. Targeted antithrombotic protein micelles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1461-5. [PMID: 25504546 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Activated platelets provide a promising target for imaging inflammatory and thrombotic events along with site-specific delivery of a variety of therapeutic agents. Multifunctional protein micelles bearing targeting and therapeutic proteins were now obtained by one-pot transpeptidation using an evolved sortase A. Conjugation to the corona of a single-chain antibody (scFv), which binds to the ligand-induced binding site (LIBS) of activated GPIIb/IIIa receptors, enabled the efficient detection of thrombi. The inhibition of thrombus formation was subsequently accomplished by incorporating the catalytically active domain of thrombomodulin (TM) onto the micelle corona for the local generation of activated protein C, which inhibits the formation of thrombin. An effective strategy has been developed for the preparation of protein micelles that can be targeted to sites of activated platelets with broad potential for treatment of acute thrombotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wookhyun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St, Suite 9F, Boston, MA 02115 (USA); the Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard University, Boston, MA (USA)
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27
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Kim W, Haller C, Dai E, Wang X, Hagemeyer CE, Liu DR, Peter K, Chaikof EL. Targeted Antithrombotic Protein Micelles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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Smits FCM, Buddingh BC, van Eldijk MB, van Hest JCM. Elastin-like polypeptide based nanoparticles: design rationale toward nanomedicine. Macromol Biosci 2014; 15:36-51. [PMID: 25407963 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are characterized by a high sequence control, temperature responsiveness and biocompatibility, which make them highly interesting as smart materials for application in nanomedicine. In particular the construction of ELP-based nanoparticles has recently become a focal point of attention in materials research. This review will give an overview of the ELP-based nanoparticles that have been developed until now and their underlying design principles. First a short introduction on ELPs and their stimulus-responsive behavior will be given. This characteristic has been applied for the development of ELP-based block copolymers that can self-assemble into nanoparticles. Both the fully ELP-based as well as several ELP hybrid materials that have been reported to form nanoparticles will be discussed, which is followed by a concise description of the promising biomedical applications reported for this class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinanda C M Smits
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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29
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Desai MS, Lee SW. Protein-based functional nanomaterial design for bioengineering applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 7:69-97. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malav S. Desai
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA USA
- Physical Biosciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley CA USA
| | - Seung-Wuk Lee
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA USA
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30
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Bergueiro J, Calderón M. Thermoresponsive nanodevices in biomedical applications. Macromol Biosci 2014; 15:183-99. [PMID: 25324003 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the last couple of decades several drug carriers have been tailored on the nanometric scale by taking advantage of new stimuli responsive materials. Thermoresponsive polymers in particular have been extensively employed as stimuli-responsive building blocks that in combination with other environmental-responsive materials allowed the birth of smarter systems that can respond to more than one stimulus. Examples that highlight the different polymers for thermally triggered drug delivery will be described. A special emphasis will be given to the description of novel theranostic nanodevices that combine more than one responsive modality in order to create a local hyperthermia that leads to the polymer phase transition and triggered drug release, cell recognition, and/or appearance of an imaging signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Bergueiro
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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31
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MacEwan SR, Chilkoti A. Applications of elastin-like polypeptides in drug delivery. J Control Release 2014; 190:314-30. [PMID: 24979207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are biopolymers inspired by human elastin. Their lower critical solution temperature phase transition behavior and biocompatibility make them useful materials for stimulus-responsive applications in biological environments. Due to their genetically encoded design and recombinant synthesis, the sequence and size of ELPs can be exactly defined. These design parameters control the structure and function of the ELP with a precision that is unmatched by synthetic polymers. Due to these attributes, ELPs have been used extensively for drug delivery in a variety of different embodiments-as soluble macromolecular carriers, self-assembled nanoparticles, cross-linked microparticles, or thermally coacervated depots. These ELP systems have been used to deliver biologic therapeutics, radionuclides, and small molecule drugs to a variety of anatomical sites for the treatment of diseases including cancer, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R MacEwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Research Triangle MRSEC, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Research Triangle MRSEC, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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32
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Matsumoto R, Hara R, Andou T, Mie M, Kobatake E. Targeting of EGF-displayed protein nanoparticles with anticancer drugs. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 102:1792-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Matsumoto
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering; Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Rieko Hara
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering; Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Takashi Andou
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering; Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Masayasu Mie
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering; Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Eiry Kobatake
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering; Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
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33
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Gagner JE, Kim W, Chaikof EL. Designing protein-based biomaterials for medical applications. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1542-57. [PMID: 24121196 PMCID: PMC3960372 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials produced by nature have been honed through billions of years, evolving exquisitely precise structure-function relationships that scientists strive to emulate. Advances in genetic engineering have facilitated extensive investigations to determine how changes in even a single peptide within a protein sequence can produce biomaterials with unique thermal, mechanical and biological properties. Elastin, a naturally occurring protein polymer, serves as a model protein to determine the relationship between specific structural elements and desirable material characteristics. The modular, repetitive nature of the protein facilitates the formation of well-defined secondary structures with the ability to self-assemble into complex three-dimensional architectures on a variety of length scales. Furthermore, many opportunities exist to incorporate other protein-based motifs and inorganic materials into recombinant protein-based materials, extending the range and usefulness of these materials in potential biomedical applications. Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) can be assembled into 3-D architectures with precise control over payload encapsulation, mechanical and thermal properties, as well as unique functionalization opportunities through both genetic and enzymatic means. An overview of current protein-based materials, their properties and uses in biomedicine will be provided, with a focus on the advantages of ELPs. Applications of these biomaterials as imaging and therapeutic delivery agents will be discussed. Finally, broader implications and future directions of these materials as diagnostic and therapeutic systems will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Gagner
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, and the Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wookhyun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, and the Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Elliot L Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, and the Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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34
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Abstract
Cytotoxicity, low water solubility, rapid clearance from circulation, and off-target side-effects are common drawbacks of conventional small-molecule drugs. To overcome these shortcomings, many multifunctional nanocarriers have been proposed to enhance drug delivery. In concept, multifunctional nanoparticles might carry multiple agents, control release rate, biodegrade, and utilize target-mediated drug delivery; however, the design of these particles presents many challenges at the stage of pharmaceutical development. An emerging solution to improve control over these particles is to turn to genetic engineering. Genetically engineered nanocarriers are precisely controlled in size and structure and can provide specific control over sites for chemical attachment of drugs. Genetically engineered drug carriers that assemble nanostructures including nanoparticles and nanofibers can be polymeric or non-polymeric. This review summarizes the recent development of applications in drug and gene delivery utilizing nanostructures of polymeric genetically engineered drug carriers such as elastin-like polypeptides, silk-like polypeptides, and silk-elastin-like protein polymers, and non-polymeric genetically engineered drug carriers such as vault proteins and viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua A Gustafson
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Andrew MacKay
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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35
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TURNER PAULA, JOSHI GAURAVV, WEEKS CANDREW, WILLIAMSON RSCOTT, PUCKETT AAROND, JANORKAR AMOLV. NANO AND MICRO-STRUCTURES OF ELASTIN-LIKE POLYPEPTIDE-BASED MATERIALS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984413430022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) containing materials have spurred significant research interest for biomedical applications exploiting their biocompatible, biodegradable and nonimmunogenic nature while maintaining precise control over their chemical structure and functionality through genetic engineering. Physical, mechanical and biological properties of ELPs could be further manipulated using genetic engineering or through conjugation with a variety of chemical moieties. These chemical and physical modifications also achieve interesting micro- and nanostructured ELP-based materials. Here, we review the recent developments during the past decade in the methods to engineer elastin-like materials, available genetic and chemical modification methods and applications of ELP micro and nanostructures in tissue engineering and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- PAUL A. TURNER
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - GAURAV V. JOSHI
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - C. ANDREW WEEKS
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - R. SCOTT WILLIAMSON
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - AARON D. PUCKETT
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - AMOL V. JANORKAR
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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36
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Sarangthem V, Cho EA, Bae SM, Singh TD, Kim SJ, Kim S, Jeon WB, Lee BH, Park RW. Construction and application of elastin like polypeptide containing IL-4 receptor targeting peptide. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81891. [PMID: 24339977 PMCID: PMC3858272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Various human solid tumors highly express IL-4 receptors which amplify the expression of some of anti-apoptotic proteins, preventing drug-induced cancer cell death. Thus, IL-4 receptor targeted drug delivery can possibly increase the therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment. Macromolecular carriers with multivalent targeting moieties offered great advantages in cancer therapy as they not only increase the plasma half-life of the drug but also allow delivery of therapeutic drugs to the cancer cells with higher specificity, minimizing the deleterious effects of the drug on normal cells. In this study we designed a library of elastin like polypeptide (ELP) polymers containing tumor targeting AP1 peptide using recursive directional ligation method. AP1 was previously discovered as an atherosclerotic plaque and breast tumor tissue homing peptide using phage display screening method, and it can selectively bind to the interleukin 4 receptor (IL-4R). The fluorescently labeled [AP1-V12]6, an ELP polymer containing six AP1 enhanced tumor-specific targeting ability and uptake efficiency in H226 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines in vitro. Surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that multivalent presentation of the targeting ligand in the ELP polymer increased the binding affinity towards IL-4 receptor compared to free peptide. The binding of [AP1-V12]6 to cancer cells was remarkably reduced when IL-4 receptors were blocked by antibody against IL-4 receptor further confirmed its binding. Importantly, the Cy5.5-labeled [AP1-V12]6 demonstrated excellent homing and longer retention in tumor tissues in MDA-MB-231 xenograft mouse model. Immunohistological studies of tumor tissues further validated the targeting efficiency of [AP1-V12]6 to tumor tissue. These results indicate that designed [AP1-V12]6 can serve as a novel carrier for selective delivery of therapeutic drugs to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Sarangthem
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun A. Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mun Bae
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Thoudam Debraj Singh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ji Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bae Jeon
- Division of NanoBioTechnology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Heon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Rang-Woon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Saxena R, Nanjan MJ. Elastin-like polypeptides and their applications in anticancer drug delivery systems: a review. Drug Deliv 2013; 22:156-67. [PMID: 24215207 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.853210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are large molecular weight biopolymers. They have been widely studied as macromolecular carriers for targeted delivery of drugs. The aim of the present article is to review the available information on ELPs (including our recent investigations), their properties, drug delivery applications to tumor sites and future perspectives. This review also provides information on the use of short synthetic ELPs for making ELP-drug conjugates, for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. In the present review we also focus on the point that short ELPs can also be used for targeting anticancer drugs to tumor sites as they behave similar to long ELPs regarding their capacity to undergo inverse temperature transition (ITT) behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubha Saxena
- TIFAC CORE HD, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy (Off Campus, JSS University, Mysore) , Ootacamund, Tamil Nadu , India
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Chen C, Hou L, Zhang H, Zhu L, Zhang H, Zhang C, Shi J, Wang L, Jia X, Zhang Z. Single-walled carbon nanotubes mediated targeted tamoxifen delivery system using aspargine-glycine-arginine peptide. J Drug Target 2013; 21:809-21. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.829071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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McDaniel JR, Dewhirst MW, Chilkoti A. Actively targeting solid tumours with thermoresponsive drug delivery systems that respond to mild hyperthermia. Int J Hyperthermia 2013; 29:501-10. [PMID: 23924317 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2013.819999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A diverse range of drug delivery vehicles have been developed to specifically target chemotherapeutics to solid tumours while avoiding systemic dose-limiting toxicity. Many of these active targeting strategies display limited efficacy because they rely on subtle differences in expression patterns between pathogenic tissue and healthy tissue. In contrast, drug delivery systems that exploit thermoresponsive behaviour allow a clinician to spatially and temporally control the accumulation and/or release of the toxic agents within tumour tissue by simply applying mild hyperthermia (defined as 39-43 °C) to the desired site. Although thermally sensitive materials comprise a significant portion of the literature on novel drug delivery systems, only a few systems have been methodically tuned to respond within this narrowly defined physiological temperature range in an in vivo environment. This review discusses the materials and strategies developed to control the primary tumour through the combined application of hyperthermia and chemotherapy.
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Soon ASC, Smith MH, Herman ES, Lyon LA, Barker TH. Development of self-assembling mixed protein micelles with temperature-modulated avidities. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:1045-55. [PMID: 23441099 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are polypentapeptides that undergo hydrophobic collapse and aggregation above a specific transition temperature, Tt . ELP diblocks sharing a common "core" block (I60) but varying "outer" blocks (A80, P40) were designed, where Tt,I < Tt,A < Tt,P . The formation of ∼55 nm diameter mixed micelles from these ELP diblocks was verified using dynamic light scattering (DLS), multiangle light scattering (MALS) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). To confer affinity to the blood circulating protein fibrinogen, a fibrinogen-binding tetrapeptide sequence (GPRP) was fused to A80-I60, while P40-I60 was fused to a non-binding control (GPSP). The self-assembling, peptide-displaying, mixed micelles exhibit temperature-modulated avidities for immobilized and soluble fibrinogen at 32 °C and 42 °C. In this initial proof-of-concept design, the engineered mixed micelles were shown to disengage fibrinogen at elevated temperatures. The modular nature of this system can be used for developing in vivo depot systems that will only be triggered to release in situ upon specific stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson S C Soon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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41
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Mathews AS, Ahmed S, Shahin M, Lavasanifar A, Kaur K. Peptide modified polymeric micelles specific for breast cancer cells. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:560-70. [PMID: 23514428 DOI: 10.1021/bc3004364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The specific targeting ability of novel breast cancer targeting peptides as ligands coupled to polymeric micelles was evaluated in the present study. In this context, engineered breast cancer cell targeting peptides, denoted as peptide 11 (RGDPAYQGRFL) and peptide 18 (WXEAAYQRFL), were compared with the lead 12-mer p160 peptide and cyclic RGDfK peptide. All four peptides were conjugated individually to poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCL) diblock polymeric micelles to obtain targeted carrier systems PM11, PM18, PM 160, and PM c-RGD. Physical blending of the peptides 11 and 18 with PEO-b-PCL was also done to yield combination micelles, comPM11 and comPM18. The structural confirmation of polymer was carried out using (1)H NMR and MALDI-TOF, and the size distribution and zeta potential of the micelles were determined using dynamic light scattering. Lipophilic cyanine fluorescent probe DiI was physically incorporated in the polymeric micelles to imitate the hydrophobic drug loaded in the micellar core. The cellular uptake of DiI-loaded peptide-containing polymeric micelles by MDA-MB-435, MDA-MB-231, and MCF7 breast cancer cell lines, as well as HUVEC and MCF10A noncancerous cells, were analyzed using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy techniques. Modification of polymeric micelles with peptide 11 or 18 led to an increase in micellar uptake specifically in breast cancer cells compared to p160, c-RGD modified, or naked micelles. The peptide-micelle combinations (comPM11 and comPM18) displayed better uptake by the cells compared to the covalently conjugated PM11 and PM18 micelles; however, the combinations were less selective toward cancer cells. The results point to a potential for peptides 11- and 18-micelle conjugates as attractive platforms for improved performance of a wide range of chemotherapeutic drugs and/or imaging agents in cancer therapy and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Stella Mathews
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E1
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Jeon WB. Application of elastin-mimetic recombinant proteins in chemotherapeutics delivery, cellular engineering, and regenerative medicine. Bioengineered 2013; 4:368-73. [PMID: 23475122 PMCID: PMC3937197 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.24158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
With the remarkable increase in the fields of biomedical engineering and regenerative medicine, biomaterial design has become an indispensable approach for developing the biocompatible carriers for drug or gene cargo and extracellular matrix (ECM) for cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Native ECM materials derived from animal tissues were believed to be the best choices for tissue engineering. However, possible pathogen contamination by cellular remnants from foreign animal tissues is an unavoidable issue that has limited the use of native ECM for human benefit. Some synthetic polymers have been used as alternative materials for manufacturing native ECM because of the biodegradability and ease of large-scale production of the polymers. However, the inherent polydispersity of the polymers causes batch-to-batch variation in polymer composition and possible cytotoxic interactions between chemical matrices and neighboring cells or tissues have not yet been fully resolved. Elastin-like proteins (ELPs) are genetically engineered biopolymers modeled after the naturally occurring tropoelastin and have emerged as promising materials for biomedical applications because they are biocompatible, non-immunogenic and biodegradable, and their composition, mechanical stiffness and even fate within the cell can be controlled at the gene level. This commentary highlights the recent progresses in the development of the ELP-based recombinant proteins that are being increasingly used for the delivery of chemotherapeutics and to provide a cell-friendly ECM environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Bae Jeon
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Engineering; Division of NanoBio Technology; Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology; Daegu, South Korea
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Kuan SL, Wu Y, Weil T. Precision Biopolymers from Protein Precursors for Biomedical Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:380-92. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abulateefeh SR, Spain SG, Thurecht KJ, Aylott JW, Chan WC, Garnett MC, Alexander C. Enhanced uptake of nanoparticle drug carriers via a thermoresponsive shell enhances cytotoxicity in a cancer cell line. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:434-442. [DOI: 10.1039/c2bm00184e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Yang G, Wang L, Yang Y, Chen X, Zhou D, Jia J, Li D. 4-Phosphatephenyl Covalently Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Real-Time Electrochemical Monitoring of Paracetamol Release from Electrospun Nanofibers. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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Multifunctional drug delivery system for targeting tumor and its acidic microenvironment. J Control Release 2012; 161:884-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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Moon HJ, Ko DY, Park MH, Joo MK, Jeong B. Temperature-responsive compounds as in situ gelling biomedical materials. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:4860-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35078e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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