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Esteves M, Cristóvão AC, Vale A, Machado-Pereira M, Ferreira R, Bernardino L. MicroRNA-124-3p Modulates Alpha-Synuclein Expression Levels in a Paraquat-Induced in vivo Model for Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1677-1686. [PMID: 38451434 PMCID: PMC11144150 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and the most common movement disorder. Although PD etiology is not fully understood, alpha (α)-synuclein is a key protein involved in PD pathology. MicroRNAs (miRNA), small gene regulatory RNAs that control gene expression, have been identified as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for brain diseases, including PD. In particular, miR-124 is downregulated in the plasma and brain samples of PD patients. Recently we showed that the brain delivery of miR-124 counteracts 6-hydroxydopamine-induced motor deficits. However, its role in α-synuclein pathology has never been addressed. Here we used paraquat (PQ)-induced rat PD model to evaluate the role of miR-124-3p in α-synuclein accumulation and dopaminergic neuroprotection. Our results showed that an intranigral administration of miR-124-3p reduced the expression and aggregation of α-synuclein in the substantia nigra (SN) of rats exposed to PQ. NADPH oxidases (NOX), responsible for reactive oxygen species generation, have been considered major players in the development of α-synuclein pathology. Accordingly, miR-124-3p decreased protein expression levels of NOX1 and its activator, small GTPase Rac1, in the SN of PQ-lesioned rats. Moreover, miR-124-3p was able to counteract the reduced levels of pituitary homeobox 3 (PITX3), a protein required for the dopaminergic phenotype, induced by PQ in the SN. This is the first study showing that miR-124-3p decreases PQ-induced α-synuclein levels and the associated NOX1/Rac1 signaling pathway, and impacts PITX3 protein levels, supporting the potential of miR-124-3p as a disease-modifying agent for PD and related α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Esteves
- CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Clara Cristóvão
- CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- NeuroSov, UBImedical, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Vale
- CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marta Machado-Pereira
- CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ferreira
- CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Liliana Bernardino
- CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
- Brain Repair Group, CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã, 6200-506, Portugal.
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2
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Di Francesco V, Chua AJ, Huang D, D'Souza A, Yang A, Bleier BS, Amiji MM. RNA therapies for CNS diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115283. [PMID: 38494152 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are a diverse group of conditions that pose an increasing health burden worldwide. There is a general lack of effective therapies due to multiple reasons, of which a key obstacle is the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which limits drug delivery to the central nervous system, and generally restricts the pool of candidate drugs to small, lipophilic molecules. However, in many cases, these are unable to target key pathways in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. As a group, RNA therapies have shown tremendous promise in treating various conditions because they offer unique opportunities for specific targeting by leveraging Watson-Crick base pairing systems, opening up possibilities to modulate pathological mechanisms that previously could not be addressed by small molecules or antibody-protein interactions. This potential paradigm shift in disease management has been enabled by recent advances in synthesizing, purifying, and delivering RNA. This review explores the use of RNA-based therapies specifically for central nervous system disorders, where we highlight the inherent limitations of RNA therapy and present strategies to augment the effectiveness of RNA therapeutics, including physical, chemical, and biological methods. We then describe translational challenges to the widespread use of RNA therapies and close with a consideration of future prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Francesco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 140 The Fenway Building, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andy J Chua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 140 The Fenway Building, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, 110 Sengkang E Way, 544886, Singapore
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 140 The Fenway Building, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anisha D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 140 The Fenway Building, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alicia Yang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Benjamin S Bleier
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 140 The Fenway Building, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 140 The Fenway Building, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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3
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Lui A, Do T, Alzayat O, Yu N, Phyu S, Santuya HJ, Liang B, Kailash V, Liu D, Inslicht SS, Shahlaie K, Liu D. Tumor Suppressor MicroRNAs in Clinical and Preclinical Trials for Neurological Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:426. [PMID: 38675388 PMCID: PMC11054060 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancers and neurological disorders are two major types of diseases in humans. We developed the concept called the "Aberrant Cell Cycle Disease (ACCD)" due to the accumulating evidence that shows that two different diseases share the common mechanism of aberrant cell cycle re-entry. The aberrant cell cycle re-entry is manifested as kinase/oncoprotein activation and tumor suppressor (TS) inactivation, which are associated with both tumor growth in cancers and neuronal death in neurological disorders. Therefore, some cancer therapies (e.g., kinase/oncogene inhibition and TS elevation) can be leveraged for neurological treatments. MicroRNA (miR/miRNA) provides a new style of drug-target binding. For example, a single tumor suppressor miRNA (TS-miR/miRNA) can bind to and decrease tens of target kinases/oncogenes, producing much more robust efficacy to block cell cycle re-entry than inhibiting a single kinase/oncogene. In this review, we summarize the miRNAs that are altered in both cancers and neurological disorders, with an emphasis on miRNA drugs that have entered into clinical trials for neurological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Lui
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Timothy Do
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Omar Alzayat
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Nina Yu
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Su Phyu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hillary Joy Santuya
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Benjamin Liang
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Vidur Kailash
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Dewey Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Sabra S. Inslicht
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Kiarash Shahlaie
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - DaZhi Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (A.L.); (V.K.)
- Mirnova Therapeutics Inc., Davis, CA 95618, USA
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4
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Chen Y, Mateski J, Gerace L, Wheeler J, Burl J, Prakash B, Svedin C, Amrick R, Adams BD. Non-coding RNAs and neuroinflammation: implications for neurological disorders. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10120. [PMID: 38463392 PMCID: PMC10911137 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is considered a balanced inflammatory response important in the intrinsic repair process after injury or infection. Under chronic states of disease, injury, or infection, persistent neuroinflammation results in a heightened presence of cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species that result in tissue damage. In the CNS, the surrounding microglia normally contain macrophages and other innate immune cells that perform active immune surveillance. The resulting cytokines produced by these macrophages affect the growth, development, and responsiveness of the microglia present in both white and gray matter regions of the CNS. Controlling the levels of these cytokines ultimately improves neurocognitive function and results in the repair of lesions associated with neurologic disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are master regulators of the genome and subsequently control the activity of inflammatory responses crucial in sustaining a robust and acute immunological response towards an acute infection while dampening pathways that result in heightened levels of cytokines and chemokines associated with chronic neuroinflammation. Numerous reports have directly implicated miRNAs in controlling the abundance and activity of interleukins, TGF-B, NF-kB, and toll-like receptor-signaling intrinsically linked with the development of neurological disorders such as Parkinson's, ALS, epilepsy, Alzheimer's, and neuromuscular degeneration. This review is focused on discussing the role miRNAs play in regulating or initiating these chronic neurological states, many of which maintain the level and/or activity of neuron-specific secondary messengers. Dysregulated miRNAs present in the microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and epididymal cells, contribute to an overall glial-specific inflammatory niche that impacts the activity of neuronal conductivity, signaling action potentials, neurotransmitter robustness, neuron-neuron specific communication, and neuron-muscular connections. Understanding which miRNAs regulate microglial activation is a crucial step forward in developing non-coding RNA-based therapeutics to treat and potentially correct the behavioral and cognitive deficits typically found in patients suffering from chronic neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Chen
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
- Department of RNA Sciences, The Brain Institute of America, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Julia Mateski
- Department of RNA Sciences, The Brain Institute of America, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, MN, United States
| | - Linda Gerace
- Department of RNA Sciences, The Brain Institute of America, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of English, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, United States
| | - Jonathan Wheeler
- Department of RNA Sciences, The Brain Institute of America, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tech, New York Institute of Tech, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Jan Burl
- Department of RNA Sciences, The Brain Institute of America, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of English, Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester, NH, United States
| | - Bhavna Prakash
- Department of RNA Sciences, The Brain Institute of America, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Cherie Svedin
- Department of RNA Sciences, The Brain Institute of America, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Biology, Utah Tech University, St. George, UT, United States
| | - Rebecca Amrick
- Department of RNA Sciences, The Brain Institute of America, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of English, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
| | - Brian D Adams
- Department of RNA Sciences, The Brain Institute of America, New Haven, CT, United States
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5
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Onkar A, Khan F, Goenka A, Rajendran RL, Dmello C, Hong CM, Mubin N, Gangadaran P, Ahn BC. Smart Nanoscale Extracellular Vesicles in the Brain: Unveiling their Biology, Diagnostic Potential, and Therapeutic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6709-6742. [PMID: 38315446 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Information exchange is essential for the brain, where it communicates the physiological and pathological signals to the periphery and vice versa. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-bound cellular informants actively transferring informative calls to and from the brain via lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid cargos. In recent years, EVs have also been widely used to understand brain function, given their "cell-like" properties. On the one hand, the presence of neuron and astrocyte-derived EVs in biological fluids have been exploited as biomarkers to understand the mechanisms and progression of multiple neurological disorders; on the other, EVs have been used in designing targeted therapies due to their potential to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Despite the expanding literature on EVs in the context of central nervous system (CNS) physiology and related disorders, a comprehensive compilation of the existing knowledge still needs to be made available. In the current review, we provide a detailed insight into the multifaceted role of brain-derived extracellular vesicles (BDEVs) in the intricate regulation of brain physiology. Our focus extends to the significance of these EVs in a spectrum of disorders, including brain tumors, neurodegenerative conditions, neuropsychiatric diseases, autoimmune disorders, and others. Throughout the review, parallels are drawn for using EVs as biomarkers for various disorders, evaluating their utility in early detection and monitoring. Additionally, we discuss the promising prospects of utilizing EVs in targeted therapy while acknowledging the existing limitations and challenges associated with their applications in clinical scenarios. A foundational comprehension of the current state-of-the-art in EV research is essential for informing the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Onkar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Fatima Khan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Anshika Goenka
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Crismita Dmello
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Nida Mubin
- Department of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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6
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Gomez Ramos B, Ohnmacht J, de Lange N, Valceschini E, Ginolhac A, Catillon M, Ferrante D, Rakovic A, Halder R, Massart F, Arena G, Antony P, Bolognin S, Klein C, Krause R, Schulz MH, Sauter T, Krüger R, Sinkkonen L. Multiomics analysis identifies novel facilitators of human dopaminergic neuron differentiation. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:254-285. [PMID: 38177910 PMCID: PMC10897179 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDANs) control voluntary movement, cognition, and reward behavior under physiological conditions and are implicated in human diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Many transcription factors (TFs) controlling human mDAN differentiation during development have been described, but much of the regulatory landscape remains undefined. Using a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) human iPSC reporter line, we here generate time series transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles of purified mDANs during differentiation. Integrative analysis predicts novel regulators of mDAN differentiation and super-enhancers are used to identify key TFs. We find LBX1, NHLH1 and NR2F1/2 to promote mDAN differentiation and show that overexpression of either LBX1 or NHLH1 can also improve mDAN specification. A more detailed investigation of TF targets reveals that NHLH1 promotes the induction of neuronal miR-124, LBX1 regulates cholesterol biosynthesis, and NR2F1/2 controls neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Gomez Ramos
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jochen Ohnmacht
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Nikola de Lange
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Elena Valceschini
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Aurélien Ginolhac
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Marie Catillon
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Daniele Ferrante
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Aleksandar Rakovic
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rashi Halder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - François Massart
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Silvia Bolognin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Roland Krause
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Marcel H Schulz
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Rhein-Main, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1445, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Lasse Sinkkonen
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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7
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Jiang W, Jia Q, Ma H, Han S, Bi S, Zhu K, Chen L, Liang G. MicroRNA-124 conducts neuroprotective effect via inhibiting AK4/ATF3 after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:33-45. [PMID: 37932484 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accounts for approximately 5% of all cases of stroke. SAH is correlated with elevated rates of mortality and disability. Despite significant advancements in comprehending the pathogenesis and surgical management, efficacious clinical interventions remain restricted, and the prognosis is yet to be enhanced. MicroRNAs play a crucial role in various pathological processes in organisms. Revealing these regulatory processes is conducive to the development of new treatment methods. MicroRNA-124 is highly expressed in the nervous system and has significant research value for SAH. This study aims to explore the role of miR-124 in the early post-SAH period on neural function and verify whether it is involved in the pathological and physiological processes of SAH. In this study, we used methods such as comparing the expression levels of miR-124 in cerebrospinal fluid, establishing a rat SAH model, and a mouse embryonic primary neuron hemoglobin stimulation model to verify the downstream proteins of miR-124 in SAH. Through transfection techniques, we adjusted the expression of this small RNA in Vitro and in Vivo models using miR-124 inhibitor and mimic in the primary neuron hemoglobin stimulation model and rat SAH model, and observed the phenotype. Finally, by consulting the literature and verifying in Vivo and in Vitro methods, AK4 and downstream molecule ATF3 were identified as downstream targets of miR-124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Wenhua Rd. No.83, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingge Jia
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongxin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Wenhua Rd. No.83, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Wenhua Rd. No.83, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Shijun Bi
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Wenhua Rd. No.83, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Kunyuan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Wenhua Rd. No.83, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Wenhua Rd. No.83, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Guobiao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Wenhua Rd. No.83, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China.
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8
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Mohammed OA, Elballal MS, El-Husseiny AA, Khidr EG, El Tabaa MM, Elazazy O, Abd-Elmawla MA, Elesawy AE, Ibrahim HM, Abulsoud AI, El-Dakroury WA, Abdel Mageed SS, Elrebehy MA, Nomier Y, Abdel-Reheim MA, El-Husseiny HM, Mahmoud AMA, Saber S, Doghish AS. Unraveling the role of miRNAs in the diagnosis, progression, and therapeutic intervention of Parkinson's disease. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155023. [PMID: 38081104 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurological disorder characterized by the impairment of the motor system, resulting in symptoms such as resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, bradykinesia, difficulty with gait, and postural instability. The occurrence of striatal dopamine insufficiency can be attributed to a notable decline in dopaminergic neurons inside the substantia nigra pars compacta. Additionally, the development of Lewy bodies serves as a pathological hallmark of PD. While current therapy approaches for PD aim to preserve dopaminergic neurons or replenish dopamine levels in the brain, it is important to acknowledge that achieving complete remission of the condition remains elusive. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miR) are a class of small, non-coding ribonucleic acids involved in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The miRNAs play a crucial part in the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of several neurodegenerative illnesses, including PD. The aim of this review is to explore the role of miRNAs in regulating genes associated with the onset and progression of PD, investigate the potential of miRNAs as a diagnostic tool, assess the effectiveness of targeting specific miRNAs as an alternative therapeutic strategy to impede disease advancement, and discuss the utilization of newly developed nanoparticles for delivering miRNAs as neurodegenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Elballal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, 11829 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad Gamil Khidr
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manar Mohammed El Tabaa
- Pharmacology & Environmental Toxicology, Environmental Studies & Research Institute (ESRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897 Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ola Elazazy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mai A Abd-Elmawla
- Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Elesawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Henwa M Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt.
| | - Walaa A El-Dakroury
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Sherif S Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elrebehy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Yousra Nomier
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt.
| | - Hussein M El-Husseiny
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt
| | - Abdulla M A Mahmoud
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt.
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9
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Saleem A, Javed M, Akhtar MF, Sharif A, Akhtar B, Naveed M, Saleem U, Baig MMFA, Zubair HM, Bin Emran T, Saleem M, Ashraf GM. Current Updates on the Role of MicroRNA in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:122-134. [PMID: 37861022 DOI: 10.2174/0115665232261931231006103234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small noncoding RNAs that play a significant role in the regulation of gene expression. The literature has explored the key involvement of miRNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDD), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). The miRNA regulates various signalling pathways; its dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of NDD. OBJECTIVE The present review is focused on the involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of NDD and their role in the treatment or management of NDD. The literature provides comprehensive and cutting-edge knowledge for students studying neurology, researchers, clinical psychologists, practitioners, pathologists, and drug development agencies to comprehend the role of miRNAs in the NDD's pathogenesis, regulation of various genes/signalling pathways, such as α-synuclein, P53, amyloid-β, high mobility group protein (HMGB1), and IL-1β, NMDA receptor signalling, cholinergic signalling, etc. Methods: The issues associated with using anti-miRNA therapy are also summarized in this review. The data for this literature were extracted and summarized using various search engines, such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus, and NCBI using different terms, such as NDD, PD, AD, HD, nanoformulations of mRNA, and role of miRNA in diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS The miRNAs control various biological actions, such as neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, cytoprotection, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and chaperone-mediated autophagy, and neurite growth in the central nervous system and diagnosis. Various miRNAs are involved in the regulation of protein aggregation in PD and modulating β-secretase activity in AD. In HD, mutation in the huntingtin (Htt) protein interferes with Ago1 and Ago2, thus affecting the miRNA biogenesis. Currently, many anti-sense technologies are in the research phase for either inhibiting or promoting the activity of miRNA. CONCLUSION This review provides new therapeutic approaches and novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of NDDs by using miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Maira Javed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 5400, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Hafiz Muhammad Zubair
- Post Graduate Medical College, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong-4381, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, College of Health Sciences, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Sharjah 27272, UAE
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10
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Nayab DE, Din FU, Ali H, Kausar WA, Urooj S, Zafar M, Khan I, Shabbir K, Khan GM. Nano biomaterials based strategies for enhanced brain targeting in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: an up-to-date perspective. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:477. [PMID: 38087359 PMCID: PMC10716964 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons and their connecting axons gradually degenerate in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), leading to dysfunctionality of the neuronal cells and eventually their death. Drug delivery for the treatment of effected nervous system is notoriously complicated because of the presence of natural barriers, i.e., the blood-brain barrier and the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Palliative care is currently the standard care for many diseases. Therefore, treatment programs that target the disease's origin rather than its symptoms are recommended. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery platforms offer an innovative way to circumvent these obstacles and deliver medications directly to the central nervous system, thereby enabling treatment of several common neurological problems, i.e., Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Interestingly, the combination of nanomedicine and gene therapy enables targeting of selective mutant genes responsible for the progression of NDs, which may provide a much-needed boost in the struggle against these diseases. Herein, we discussed various central nervous system delivery obstacles, followed by a detailed insight into the recently developed techniques to restore neurological function via the differentiation of neural stem cells. Moreover, a comprehensive background on the role of nanomedicine in controlling neurogenesis via differentiation of neural stem cells is explained. Additionally, numerous phytoconstituents with their neuroprotective properties and molecular targets in the identification and management of NDs are also deliberated. Furthermore, a detailed insight of the ongoing clinical trials and currently marketed products for the treatment of NDs is provided in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dur E Nayab
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid- i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Warda Arooj Kausar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shaiza Urooj
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid- i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Zafar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Shabbir
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid- i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid- i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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11
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Chen Y, Ren P, He X, Yan F, Gu R, Bai J, Zhang X. Olfactory bulb neurogenesis depending on signaling in the subventricular zone. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11102-11111. [PMID: 37746807 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfaction is a crucial sense that is essential for the well-being and survival of individuals. Olfactory bulb (OB) is the first olfactory relay station, and its function depends on newly generated neurons from the subventricular zone (SVZ). These newly born neurons constantly migrate through the rostral migratory stream to integrate into existing neural networks within the OB, thereby contributing to olfactory information processing. However, the mechanisms underlying the contribution of SVZ adult neurogenesis to OB neurogenesis remain largely elusive. Adult neurogenesis is a finely regulated multistep process involving the proliferation of adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) and neural precursor cells, as well as the migration and differentiation of neuroblasts, and integration of newly generated neurons into preexisting neuronal circuitries. Recently, extensive studies have explored the mechanism of SVZ and OB neurogenesis. This review focused on elucidating various molecules and signaling pathways associated with OB neurogenesis dependent on the SVZ function. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the OB neurogenesis on the adult brain is an attractive prospect to induce aNSCs in SVZ to generate new neurons to ameliorate olfactory dysfunction that is involved in various diseases. It will also contribute to developing new strategies for the human aNSCs-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Peng Ren
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiongjie He
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rou Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xianwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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12
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Nassar A, Satarker S, Gurram PC, Upadhya D, Fayaz SM, Nampoothiri M. Repressor Element-1 Binding Transcription Factor (REST) as a Possible Epigenetic Regulator of Neurodegeneration and MicroRNA-Based Therapeutic Strategies. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5557-5577. [PMID: 37326903 PMCID: PMC10471693 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDD) have grabbed significant scientific consideration due to their fast increase in prevalence worldwide. The specific pathophysiology of the disease and the amazing changes in the brain that take place as it advances are still the top issues of contemporary research. Transcription factors play a decisive role in integrating various signal transduction pathways to ensure homeostasis. Disruptions in the regulation of transcription can result in various pathologies, including NDD. Numerous microRNAs and epigenetic transcription factors have emerged as candidates for determining the precise etiology of NDD. Consequently, understanding by what means transcription factors are regulated and how the deregulation of transcription factors contributes to neurological dysfunction is important to the therapeutic targeting of pathways that they modulate. RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) also named neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF) has been studied in the pathophysiology of NDD. REST was realized to be a part of a neuroprotective element with the ability to be tuned and influenced by numerous microRNAs, such as microRNAs 124, 132, and 9 implicated in NDD. This article looks at the role of REST and the influence of various microRNAs in controlling REST function in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD) disease. Furthermore, to therapeutically exploit the possibility of targeting various microRNAs, we bring forth an overview of drug-delivery systems to modulate the microRNAs regulating REST in NDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Nassar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sairaj Satarker
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Prasada Chowdari Gurram
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Dinesh Upadhya
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - S M Fayaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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13
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Brentari I, Zadorozhna M, Denti MA, Giorgio E. RNA therapeutics for neurological diseases. Br Med Bull 2023; 147:50-61. [PMID: 37210633 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ribonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics are a new class of drugs whose importance is highlighted by the growing number of molecules in the clinic. SOURCES OF DATA We focus on RNA therapeutics for neurogenetic disorders, which are broadly defined as diseases with a genetic background and with at least one clinical sign affecting the nervous system. A systematic search identified 14 RNA drugs approved by FDA and many others in development. AREAS OF AGREEMENT The field of RNA therapeutics is changing the therapeutic scenario across many disorders. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Despite its recent successes, RNA therapeutics encountered several hurdles and some clinical failures. Delivery to the brain represents the biggest challenge. GROWING POINTS The many advantages of RNA drugs make the development of these technologies a worthwhile investment. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Clinical failures stress the importance of implementing clinical trial design and optimizing RNA molecules to hold the promise of revolutionizing the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Brentari
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare, Computazionale e Integrata (CIBIO), Università degli Studi di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Mariia Zadorozhna
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Michela Alessandra Denti
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare, Computazionale e Integrata (CIBIO), Università degli Studi di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Elisa Giorgio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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14
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Wang Z, Gonzalez KM, Cordova LE, Lu J. Nanotechnology-empowered therapeutics targeting neurodegenerative diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1907. [PMID: 37248794 PMCID: PMC10525015 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are posing pressing health issues due to the high prevalence among aging populations in the 21st century. They are evidenced by the progressive loss of neuronal function, often associated with neuronal necrosis and many related devastating complications. Nevertheless, effective therapeutical strategies to treat neurodegenerative diseases remain a tremendous challenge due to the multisystemic nature and limited drug delivery to the central nervous system. As a result, there is a pressing need to develop effective alternative therapeutics to manage the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. By utilizing the functional reconstructive materials and technologies with specific targeting ability at the nanoscale level, nanotechnology-empowered medicines can transform the therapeutic paradigms of neurodegenerative diseases with minimal systemic side effects. This review outlines the current applications and progresses of the nanotechnology-enabled drug delivery systems to enhance the therapeutic efficacy in treating neurodegenerative diseases. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiren Wang
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
| | - Karina Marie Gonzalez
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
| | - Leyla Estrella Cordova
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
| | - Jianqin Lu
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Program, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, United States
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15
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Saraiva C, Lopes-Nunes J, Esteves M, Santos T, Vale A, Cristóvão AC, Ferreira R, Bernardino L. CtBP Neuroprotective Role in Toxin-Based Parkinson's Disease Models: From Expression Pattern to Dopaminergic Survival. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4246-4260. [PMID: 37060501 PMCID: PMC10293336 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03331-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
C-terminal binding proteins (CtBP) are transcriptional co-repressors regulating gene expression. CtBP promote neuronal survival through repression of pro-apoptotic genes, and may represent relevant targets for neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Nevertheless, evidence of the role of CtBP1 and CtBP2 in neurodegeneration are scarce. Herein, we showed that CtBP1 and CtBP2 are expressed in neurons, dopaminergic neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum of adult mice. Old mice showed a lower expression of CtBP1 in the SN and higher expression of CtPB2 in the SN and striatum compared with adult mice. In vivo models for PD (paraquat, MPTP, 6-OHDA) showed increased expression of CtBP1 in the SN and striatum while CtBP2 expression was increased in the striatum of paraquat-treated rats only. Moreover, an increased expression of both CtBP was found in a dopaminergic cell line (N27) exposed to 6-OHDA. In the 6-OHDA PD model, we found a dual effect using an unspecific ligand of CtBP, the 4-methylthio 2-oxobutyric acid (MTOB): higher concentrations (e.g. 2500 µM, 1000 µM) inhibited dopaminergic survival, while at 250 μM it counteracted cell death. In vitro, this latter protective role was absent after the siRNA silencing of CtBP1 or CtBP2. Altogether, this is the first report exploring the cellular and regional expression pattern of CtBP in the nigrostriatal pathway and the neuroprotective role in PD toxin-based models. CtBP could counteract dopaminergic cell death in the 6-OHDA PD model and, therefore, CtBP function and therapeutic potential in PD should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Saraiva
- Brain Repair Group, Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Present Address: Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue Des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jéssica Lopes-Nunes
- Brain Repair Group, Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marta Esteves
- Brain Repair Group, Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago Santos
- Brain Repair Group, Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Vale
- Brain Repair Group, Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Clara Cristóvão
- Brain Repair Group, Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ferreira
- Brain Repair Group, Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Present Address: CEDOC, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Liliana Bernardino
- Brain Repair Group, Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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16
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Datta N, Johnson C, Kao D, Gurnani P, Alexander C, Polytarchou C, Monaghan TM. MicroRNA-based therapeutics for inflammatory disorders of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106870. [PMID: 37499702 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
An emerging but less explored shared pathophysiology across microbiota-gut-brain axis disorders is aberrant miRNA expression, which may represent novel therapeutic targets. miRNAs are small, endogenous non-coding RNAs that are important transcriptional repressors of gene expression. Most importantly, they regulate the integrity of the intestinal epithelial and blood-brain barriers and serve as an important communication channel between the gut microbiome and the host. A well-defined understanding of the mode of action, therapeutic strategies and delivery mechanisms of miRNAs is pivotal in translating the clinical applications of miRNA-based therapeutics. Accumulating evidence links disorders of the microbiota-gut-brain axis with a compromised gut-blood-brain-barrier, causing gut contents such as immune cells and microbiota to enter the bloodstream leading to low-grade systemic inflammation. This has the potential to affect all organs, including the brain, causing central inflammation and the development of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. In this review, we have examined in detail miRNA biogenesis, strategies for therapeutic application, delivery mechanisms, as well as their pathophysiology and clinical applications in inflammatory gut-brain disorders. The research data in this review was drawn from the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov. With increasing evidence of the pathophysiological importance for miRNAs in microbiota-gut-brain axis disorders, therapeutic targeting of cross-regulated miRNAs in these disorders displays potentially transformative and translational potential. Further preclinical research and human clinical trials are required to further advance this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Datta
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Charlotte Johnson
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dina Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christos Polytarchou
- Department of Biosciences, John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Tanya M Monaghan
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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17
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Szelągowski A, Kozakiewicz M. A Glance at Biogenesis and Functionality of MicroRNAs and Their Role in the Neuropathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:7759053. [PMID: 37333462 PMCID: PMC10270766 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7759053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNA transcripts. Mammalian miRNA coding sequences are located in introns and exons of genes encoding various proteins. As the central nervous system is the largest source of miRNA transcripts in living organisms, miRNA molecules are an integral part of the regulation of epigenetic activity in physiological and pathological processes. Their activity depends on many proteins that act as processors, transporters, and chaperones. Many variants of Parkinson's disease have been directly linked to specific gene mutations which in pathological conditions are cumulated resulting in the progression of neurogenerative changes. These mutations can often coexist with specific miRNA dysregulation. Dysregulation of different extracellular miRNAs has been confirmed in many studies on the PD patients. It seems reasonable to conduct further research on the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and their potential use in future therapies and diagnosis of the disease. This review presents the current state of knowledge about the biogenesis and functionality of miRNAs in the human genome and their role in the neuropathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD)-one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. The article also describes the process of miRNA formation which can occur in two ways-the canonical and noncanonical one. However, the main focus was on miRNA's use in in vitro and in vivo studies in the context of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of PD. Some issues, especially those regarding the usefulness of miRNAs in PD's diagnostics and especially its treatment, require further research. More standardization efforts and clinical trials on miRNAs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Szelągowski
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kozakiewicz
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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18
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Zhang WH, Jiang L, Li M, Liu J. MicroRNA‑124: an emerging therapeutic target in central nervous system disorders. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:1215-1226. [PMID: 36961552 PMCID: PMC10129929 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of neuron and non-neuron cells including neural stem/precursor cells (NSPCs), neuroblasts, glia cells (mainly astrocyte, oligodendroglia and microglia), which thereby form a precise and complicated network and exert diverse functions through interactions of numerous bioactive ingredients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), with small size approximately ~ 21nt and as well-documented post-transcriptional key regulators of gene expression, are a cluster of evolutionarily conserved endogenous non-coding RNAs. More than 2000 different miRNAs has been discovered till now. MicroRNA-124(miR-124), the most brain-rich microRNA, has been validated to possess important functions in the central nervous system, including neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation, cell fate determination, neuron migration, synapse plasticity and cognition, cell apoptosis etc. According to recent studies, herein, we provide a review of this conversant miR-124 to further understand the potential functions and therapeutic and clinical value in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA Medical School/Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100095, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050010, China
| | - Lian Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050010, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050010, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA Medical School/Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100095, China.
- Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Chaoyang District, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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19
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Tryphena KP, Singh G, Jain N, Famta P, Srivastava S, Singh SB, Khatri DK. Integration of miRNA's Theranostic Potential with Nanotechnology: Promises and Challenges for Parkinson's Disease Therapeutics. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111800. [PMID: 36958539 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the wide research going on in Parkinson's disease (PD), the burden of PD still remains high and continues to increase. The current drugs available for the treatment of PD are only aimed at symptomatic control. Hence, research is mainly focused on identifying the novel therapeutic targets that can be effectively targeted in order to slow down or culminate the disease progression. Recently the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of various pathological mechanisms of PD has been thoroughly explored and many of them were found to be dysregulated in the biological samples of PD patients. These miRNAs can be used as diagnostic markers and novel therapeutic options to manage PD. The delivery of miRNAs to the target site in brain is a challenging job owing to their nature of degradability by endonucleases as well as poor blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Nanoparticles appear to be the best solution to effectively encase the miRNA in their core as well as cross the BBB to deliver them into brain. Functionalisation of these nanoparticles further enhances the site-specific delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad
| | - Naitik Jain
- Department of pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad
| | - Paras Famta
- Department of pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad.
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad.
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20
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Sataer X, Qifeng Z, Yingying Z, Chunhua H, Bingzhenga F, Zhiran X, Wanli L, Yuwei Y, Shuangfeng C, Lingling W, Hongri H, Jibing C, Xiaoping R, Hongjun G. Exosomal microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurol Res 2023; 45:191-199. [PMID: 36184105 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2129768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2022]
Abstract
Originating from slow irreversible and progressive loss and dysfunction of neurons and synapses in the nervous system, neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) affect millions of people worldwide. Common NDDs include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Currently, no sensitive biomarkers are available to monitor the progression and treatment response of NDDs or to predict their prognosis. Exosomes (EXOs) are small bilipid layer-enclosed extracellular vesicles containing numerous biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Recent evidence indicates that EXOs are pathogenic participants in the spread of neurodegenerative diseases, contributing to disease progression and spread. EXOs are also important tools for diagnosis and treatment. Recently, studies have proposed exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) as the targets for therapies or biomarkers of NDDs. In this review, we outline the latest research on the roles of exosomal miRNAs in NDDs and their applications as potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers, targets, and drugs for NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehereti Sataer
- Center for Translational Medicine of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 530011 Nanning, China.,Department of Urology Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054 Urumqi, China
| | - Zhu Qifeng
- Center for Translational Medicine of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 530011 Nanning, China
| | - Zhang Yingying
- Department of Foreign Language, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 530200 Nanning, China
| | - He Chunhua
- Department of Urology Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054 Urumqi, China
| | - Feng Bingzhenga
- Center for Translational Medicine of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 530011 Nanning, China
| | - Xu Zhiran
- Center for Translational Medicine of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 530011 Nanning, China
| | - Li Wanli
- Department of Foreign Language, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 530200 Nanning, China
| | - Yang Yuwei
- Department of Foreign Language, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 530200 Nanning, China
| | - Chen Shuangfeng
- Department of Urology Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830054 Urumqi, China
| | - Wu Lingling
- Center for Translational Medicine of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 530011 Nanning, China
| | - Huang Hongri
- R & D Center, Guangxi Taimei Rensheng Biotechnology Co Ltd, 530006 Nanning, China
| | - Chen Jibing
- Center for Translational Medicine of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 530011 Nanning, China
| | - Ren Xiaoping
- Center for Translational Medicine of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 530011 Nanning, China
| | - Gao Hongjun
- Center for Translational Medicine of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 530011 Nanning, China
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21
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Elangovan A, Venkatesan D, Selvaraj P, Pasha MY, Babu HWS, Iyer M, Narayanasamy A, Subramaniam MD, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A, Kumar NS, Vellingiri B. miRNA in Parkinson's disease: From pathogenesis to theranostic approaches. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:329-354. [PMID: 36502506 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age associated neurological disorder which is specified by cardinal motor symptoms such as tremor, stiffness, bradykinesia, postural instability, and non-motor symptoms. Dopaminergic neurons degradation in substantia nigra region and aggregation of αSyn are the classic signs of molecular defects noticed in PD pathogenesis. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNA) predicted to have a pivotal part in various processes regarding regularizing the cellular functions. Studies on dysregulation of miRNA in PD pathogenesis has recently gained the concern where our review unravels the role of miRNA expression in PD and its necessity in clinical validation for therapeutic development in PD. Here, we discussed how miRNA associated with ageing process in PD through molecular mechanistic approach of miRNAs on sirtuins, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, dopamine loss, oxidative stress and autophagic dysregulation. Further we have also conferred the expression of miRNAs affected by SNCA gene expression, neuronal differentiation and its therapeutic potential with PD. In conclusion, we suggest more rigorous studies should be conducted on understanding the mechanisms and functions of miRNA in PD which will eventually lead to discovery of novel and promising therapeutics for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Elangovan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India
| | - Dhivya Venkatesan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India
| | - Priyanka Selvaraj
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India
| | - Md Younus Pasha
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India
| | - Harysh Winster Suresh Babu
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India.,Department of Zoology, Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Livestock Farming, & Bioresources Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Department of Zoology, Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India
| | - Mohana Devi Subramaniam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu, Vellore, India
| | | | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India.,Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, Bathinda, India
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22
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Rodrigues AF, Tavares APM, Simões S, Silva RPFF, Sobrino T, Figueiredo BR, Sales G, Ferreira L. Engineering graphene-based electrodes for optical neural stimulation. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:687-706. [PMID: 36515425 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05256c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials (GBMs) have been investigated in recent years with the aim of developing flexible interfaces to address a range of neurological disorders, where electrical stimulation may improve brain function and tissue regeneration. The recent discovery that GBM electrodes can generate an electrical response upon light exposure has inspired the development of non-genetic approaches capable of selectively modulating brain cells without genetic manipulation (i.e., optogenetics). Here, we propose the conjugation of graphene with upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), which enable wireless transcranial activation using tissue-penetrating near-infrared (NIR) radiation. Following a design of experiments approach, we first investigated the influence of different host matrices and dopants commonly used to synthesize UCNPs in the electrical response of graphene. Two UCNP formulations achieving optimal enhancement of electrical conductivity upon NIR activation at λ = 780 or 980 nm were identified. These formulations were then covalently attached to graphene nanoplatelets following selective hydroxyl derivatization. The resulting nanocomposites were evaluated in vitro using SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. NIR activation at λ = 980 nm promoted cell proliferation and downregulated neuronal and glial differentiation markers, suggesting the potential application of GBMs in minimally invasive stimulation of cells for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Filipe Rodrigues
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana P M Tavares
- BioMark@UC, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Simões
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Rui P F F Silva
- Graphenest S.A., Edifício Vouga Park, 3740-070 Paradela do Vouga, Portugal
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- NeuroAging Laboratory, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Bruno R Figueiredo
- Graphenest S.A., Edifício Vouga Park, 3740-070 Paradela do Vouga, Portugal
| | - Goreti Sales
- BioMark@UC, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lino Ferreira
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Central, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
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23
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Suvarna V, Deshmukh K, Murahari M. miRNA and antisense oligonucleotide-based α-synuclein targeting as disease-modifying therapeutics in Parkinson's disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1034072. [PMID: 36506536 PMCID: PMC9728483 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1034072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein is the synaptic protein majorly involved in neuronal dysfunction and death and it is well known for the last two decades as a hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Alpha-synuclein is involved in neurodegeneration mediated through various neurotoxic pathways, majorly including autophagy or lysosomal dysregulation, mitochondrial disruption, synaptic dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Moreover, the alpha-synuclein aggregation has been associated with the development of several neurodegenerative conditions such as various forms of Parkinson's disease. The recent discovery in oligonucleotide chemistry has developed potential alpha-synuclein targeting molecules for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The present review article focuses on recent advances in the applications of oligonucleotides acting via alpha-synuclein targeting mechanisms and their implication in combating Parkinson's disease. Moreover, the article emphasizes the potential of miRNAs, and antisense oligonucleotides and the challenges associated with their use in the therapeutical management of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanti Suvarna
- Department of Quality Assurance, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Kajal Deshmukh
- Department of Quality Assurance, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Manikanta Murahari
- Department of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India,*Correspondence: Manikanta Murahari,
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24
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Siafaka PI, Okur ME, Erim PD, Çağlar EŞ, Özgenç E, Gündoğdu E, Köprülü REP, Karantas ID, Üstündağ Okur N. Protein and Gene Delivery Systems for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Where Do We Stand Today? Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2425. [PMID: 36365243 PMCID: PMC9698227 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been estimated that every year, millions of people are affected by neurodegenerative disorders, which complicate their lives and their caregivers' lives. To date, there has not been an approved pharmacological approach to provide the complete treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The only available drugs may only relieve the symptoms or slow down the progression of the disease. The absence of any treatment is quite rational given that neurodegeneration occurs by the progressive loss of the function or structure of the nerve cells of the brain or the peripheral nervous system, which eventually leads to their death either by apoptosis or necrotic cell death. According to a recent study, even though adult brain cells are injured, they can revert to an embryonic state, which may help to restore their function. These interesting findings might open a new path for the development of more efficient therapeutic strategies to combat devastating neurodegenerative disorders. Gene and protein therapies have emerged as a rapidly growing field for various disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases. Despite these promising therapies, the complete treatment of neurodegenerative disorders has not yet been achieved. Therefore, the aim of this review is to address the most up-to-date data for neurodegenerative diseases, but most importantly, to summarize the available delivery systems incorporating proteins, peptides, and genes that can potentially target such diseases and pass into the blood-brain barrier. The authors highlight the advancements, at present, on delivery based on the carrier, i.e., lipid, polymeric, and inorganic, as well as the recent studies on radiopharmaceutical theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmet Evren Okur
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Pelin Dilsiz Erim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Altınbaş University, Istanbul 34217, Turkey
| | - Emre Şefik Çağlar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Emre Özgenç
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Evren Gündoğdu
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Rabia Edibe Parlar Köprülü
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, İstanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
| | | | - Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
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25
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Esteves M, Abreu R, Fernandes H, Serra-Almeida C, Martins PAT, Barão M, Cristóvão AC, Saraiva C, Ferreira R, Ferreira L, Bernardino L. MicroRNA-124-3p-enriched small extracellular vesicles as a therapeutic approach for Parkinson's disease. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3176-3192. [PMID: 35689381 PMCID: PMC9552816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra with no effective cure available. MicroRNA-124 has been regarded as a promising therapeutic entity for Parkinson's disease due to its pro-neurogenic and neuroprotective roles. However, its efficient delivery to the brain remains challenging. Here, we used umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell-derived extracellular vesicles as a biological vehicle to deliver microRNA (miR)-124-3p and evaluate its therapeutic effects in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. In vitro, miR-124-3p-loaded small extracellular vesicles induced neuronal differentiation in subventricular zone neural stem cell cultures and protected N27 dopaminergic cells against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced toxicity. In vivo, intracerebroventricularly administered small extracellular vesicles were detected in the subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles and in the striatum and substantia nigra, the brain regions most affected by the disease. Most importantly, although miR-124-3p-loaded small extracellular vesicles did not increase the number of new neurons in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned striatum, the formulation protected dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and striatal fibers, which fully counteracted motor behavior symptoms. Our findings reveal a novel promising therapeutic application of small extracellular vesicles as delivery agents for miR-124-3p in the context of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Esteves
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Abreu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200, the Netherlands; CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC, Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Hugo Fernandes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC, Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Serra-Almeida
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Patrícia A T Martins
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC, Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Marta Barão
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC, Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Ana Clara Cristóvão
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Neurosov, UBImedical, EM506, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Saraiva
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ferreira
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Lino Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC, Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana Bernardino
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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26
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Xu J, Zheng Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Wang X, Li Y, Chi G. miR-124: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Central Nervous System Injuries and Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42:2031-2053. [PMID: 33886036 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system injuries and diseases, such as ischemic stroke, spinal cord injury, neurodegenerative diseases, glioblastoma, multiple sclerosis, and the resulting neuroinflammation often lead to death or long-term disability. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression in both physiological and pathological cellular processes, including central nervous system injuries and disorders. Studies on miR-124, one of the most abundant microRNAs in the central nervous system, have shown that its dysregulation is related to the occurrence and development of pathology within the central nervous system. Herein, we review the molecular regulatory functions, underlying mechanisms, and effective delivery methods of miR-124 in the central nervous system, where it is involved in pathological conditions. The review also provides novel insights into the therapeutic target potential of miR-124 in the treatment of human central nervous system injuries or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangjia Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xishu Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangfan Chi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Yang H, Han M, Li J, Ke H, Kong Y, Wang W, Wang L, Ma W, Qiu J, Wang X, Xin T, Liu H. Delivery of miRNAs through Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles for Assisting Neural Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Stroke. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14503-14516. [PMID: 36065995 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the most common cause of disability globally. Neural stem cell (NSC) therapy, which can replace lost and damaged neurons, has been proposed as a potential treatment for stroke. The therapeutic efficacy of NSC therapy is hindered by the fact that only a small number of NSCs undergo neuronal differentiation. Neuron-specific miR-124, which promotes the differentiation of NSCs into mature neurons, can be combined with NSC therapy to cure ischemic stroke. However, the instability and poor internalization of miR-124 seriously hamper its broad clinical application. Herein, an innovative strategy involving delivery of miR-124 via a Ca-MOF@miR-124 nanodelivery system, which effectively prevents the degradation of miR-124 by nucleases and promotes the internalization of miR-124 by NSCs, is presented. The effect of accelerated neuronal directed differentiation of NSCs was assessed through in vitro cell experiments, and the clinical application potential of this nanodelivery system for the treatment of ischemic stroke was assessed through in vivo experiments involving the combination of NSC therapy and Ca-MOF@miR-124 nanoparticles. The results indicate that Ca-MOF@miR-124 nanoparticles can promote the differentiation of NSCs into mature neurons with electrophysiological function within 5 days. The differentiation rate of cells treated with Ca-MOF@miR-124 nanoparticles was at least 5 days faster than that of untreated cells. Moreover, Ca-MOF@miR-124 nanoparticles decreased the ischemic area to almost normal levels by day 7. The combination of Ca-MOF@miR-124 nanoparticles and NSC therapy will enhance the treatment of traumatic nerve injury and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, People's Republic of China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfei Ke
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwei Wang
- Institute of Novel Semiconductors, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, People's Republic of China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250003, People's Republic of China
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The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease: Recent Advancement. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070811. [PMID: 35890110 PMCID: PMC9315906 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative aging disorder that manifests as motor and non-motor symptoms, and its etiopathogenesis is influenced by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Signal pathway and gene sequence studies have proposed that alteration of ncRNAs is relevant to the occurrence and development of PD. Furthermore, many studies on brain tissues and body fluids from patients with PD indicate that variations in ncRNAs and their target genes could trigger or exacerbate neurodegenerative pathogenesis and serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers of PD. Numerous ncRNAs have been considered regulators of apoptosis, α-syn misfolding and aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and neuroinflammation in PD etiology, and evidence is mounting for the determination of the role of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms in disease development. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the regulation and function of ncRNAs as well as ceRNA networks in PD pathogenesis, focusing on microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs to increase the understanding of the disease and propose potential target identification and treatment in the early stages of PD.
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29
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Pinto M, Silva V, Barreiro S, Silva R, Remião F, Borges F, Fernandes C. Brain drug delivery and neurodegenerative diseases: Polymeric PLGA-based nanoparticles as a forefront platform. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101658. [PMID: 35660114 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of effective drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) is a deadlock. Due to their complex etiology and high heterogeneity, progresses in the development of novel NDs therapies have been slow, raising social/economic and medical concerns. Nanotechnology and nanomedicine evolved exponentially in recent years and presented a panoply of tools projected to improve diagnosis and treatment. Drug-loaded nanosystems, particularly nanoparticles (NPs), were successfully used to address numerous drug glitches, such as efficacy, bioavailability and safety. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), mainly based on polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), have been already validated and approved for the treatment of cancer, neurologic dysfunctions and hormonal-related diseases. Despite promising no PNPs-based therapy for neurodegenerative disorders is available up to date. To stimulate the research in the area the studies performed so far with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles as well as the techniques aimed to improve PNPs BBB permeability and drug targeting were revised. Bearing in mind NDs pharmacological therapy landscape huge efforts must be done in finding new therapeutic solutions along with the translation of the most promising results to the clinic, which hopefully will converge in the development of effective drugs in a foreseeable future.
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30
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Dorostgou Z, Yadegar N, Dorostgou Z, Khorvash F, Vakili O. Novel insights into the role of circular RNAs in Parkinson disease: An emerging renaissance in the management of neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1775-1790. [PMID: 35642104 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), as a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, particularly affects the elderly population, and is clinically identified by resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Pathophysiologically, PD is characterized by an early loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia nigra pars compacta, accompanied by the extensive aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) in the form of Lewy bodies. The onset of PD has been reported to be influenced by multiple biological molecules. In this context, circular RNAs (circRNAs), as tissue-specific noncoding RNAs with closed structures, have been recently demonstrated to involve in a set of PD's pathogenic processes. These RNA molecules can either up- or downregulate the expression of α-Syn, as well as moderating its accumulation through different regulatory mechanisms, in which targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) is considered the most common pathway. Since circRNAs have prominent structural and biological characteristics, they could also be considered as promising candidates for PD diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately, PD has become a global health concern, and a large number of its pathogenic processes are still unclear; thus, it is crucial to elucidate the ambiguous aspects of PD pathophysiology to improve the efficiency of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In line with this fact, the current review aims to highlight the interplay between circRNAs and PD pathogenesis, and then discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of circRNAs in PD progression. This study will thus be the first of its kind reviewing the relationship between circRNAs and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dorostgou
- Department of Biochemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Negar Yadegar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zeynab Dorostgou
- Department of Biology, Kavian Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariborz Khorvash
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Al-zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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31
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Garcia G, Fernandes A, Stein F, Brites D. Protective Signature of IFNγ-Stimulated Microglia Relies on miR-124-3p Regulation From the Secretome Released by Mutant APP Swedish Neuronal Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:833066. [PMID: 35620289 PMCID: PMC9127204 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.833066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia-associated inflammation and miRNA dysregulation are key players in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiology. Previously, we showed miR-124 upregulation in APP Swedish SH-SY5Y (SWE) and PSEN1 iPSC-derived neurons and its propagation by the secretome (soluble and exosomal fractions). After modulation with miR-124 mimic/inhibitor, we identified common responsive mechanisms between such models. We also reported miR-124 colocalization with microglia in AD patient hippocampi. Herein, we determined how miR-124 modulation in SWE cells influences microglia polarized subtypes in the context of inflammation. We used a coculture system without cell-to-cell contact formed by miR-124 modulated SWE cells and human CHME3 microglia stimulated with interferon-gamma (IFNγ-MG), in which we assessed their adopted gene/miRNA profile and proteomic signature. The increase of miR-124 in SWE cells/secretome (soluble and exosomal) was mimicked in IFNγ-MG. Treatment of SWE cells with the miR-124 inhibitor led to RAGE overexpression and loss of neuronal viability, while the mimic caused RAGE/HMGB1 downregulation and prevented mitochondria membrane potential loss. When accessing the paracrine effects on microglia, SWE miR-124 inhibitor favored their IFNγ-induced inflammatory signature (upregulated RAGE/HMGB1/iNOS/IL-1β; downregulated IL-10/ARG-1), while the mimic reduced microglia activation (downregulated TNF-α/iNOS) and deactivated extracellular MMP-2/MMP-9 levels. Microglia proteomics identified 113 responsive proteins to SWE miR-124 levels, including a subgroup of 17 proteins involved in immune function/inflammation and/or miR-124 targets. A total of 72 proteins were downregulated (e.g., MAP2K6) and 21 upregulated (e.g., PAWR) by the mimic, while the inhibitor also upregulated 21 proteins and downregulated 17 (e.g., TGFB1, PAWR, and EFEMP1). Other targets were associated with neurodevelopmental mechanisms, synaptic function, and vesicular trafficking. To examine the source of miR-124 variations in microglia, we silenced the RNase III endonuclease Dicer1 to block miRNA canonical biogenesis. Despite this suppression, the coculture with SWE cells/exosomes still raised microglial miR-124 levels, evidencing miR-124 transfer from neurons to microglia. This study is pioneer in elucidating that neuronal miR-124 reshapes microglia plasticity and in revealing the relevance of neuronal survival in mechanisms underlying inflammation in AD-associated neurodegeneration. These novel insights pave the way for the application of miRNA-based neuropharmacological strategies in AD whenever miRNA dysregulated levels are identified during patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Garcia
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frank Stein
- Proteomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dora Brites
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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32
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Dysregulated miRNAs as Biomarkers and Therapeutical Targets in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050770. [PMID: 35629192 PMCID: PMC9143965 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are representative neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) characterized by degeneration of selective neurons, as well as the lack of effective biomarkers and therapeutic treatments. In the last decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained considerable interest in diagnostics and therapy of NDs, owing to their aberrant expression and their ability to target multiple molecules and pathways. Here, we provide an overview of dysregulated miRNAs in fluids (blood or cerebrospinal fluid) and nervous tissue of AD, PD, and ALS patients. By emphasizing those that are commonly dysregulated in these NDs, we highlight their potential role as biomarkers or therapeutical targets and describe the use of antisense oligonucleotides as miRNA therapies.
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33
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MiR-9-5p Inhibits the MMP+-Induced Neuron Apoptosis through Regulating SCRIB/β-Catenin Signaling in Parkinson’s Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9173514. [PMID: 35509839 PMCID: PMC9060974 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9173514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease remains unclear that there is no cure for Parkinson's disease yet. The abnormal expressions of certain miRNA are closely related to the occurrence and progression of Parkinson's disease. Here, we demonstrate that miR-9-5p inhibits the dopaminergic neuron apoptosis via the regulation of β-catenin signaling which directly targets SCRIB, a tumor suppressor gene. Besides, miR-9-5p improved the motor function of mice with Parkinson's disease. The results of this study suggest that miR-9-5p might be a potential therapeutic target against Parkinson's disease.
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El Ganainy SO, Cijsouw T, Ali MA, Schoch S, Hanafy AS. Stereotaxic-assisted gene therapy in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: therapeutic potentials and clinical frontiers. Expert Rev Neurother 2022; 22:319-335. [PMID: 35319338 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2022.2056446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are neurodegenerative disorders causing cognitive deficits and motor difficulties in the elderly. Conventional treatments are mainly symptomatic with little ability to halt disease progression. Gene therapies to correct or silence genetic mutations predisposing to AD or PD are currently being developed in preclinical studies and clinical trials, relying mostly on systemic delivery, which reduces their effectiveness. Imaging-guided stereotaxic procedures are used to locally deliver therapeutic cargos to well-defined brain sites, hence raising the question whether stereotaxic-assisted gene therapy has therapeutic potentials. AREAS COVERED The authors summarize the studies that investigated the use of gene therapy in PD and AD in animal and clinical studies over the past five years, with a special emphasis on the combinatorial potential with stereotaxic delivery. The advantages, limitations and futuristic challenges of this technique are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Robotic stereotaxis combined with intraoperative imaging has revolutionized brain surgeries. While gene therapies are bringing huge innovations to the medical field and new hope to AD and PD patients and medical professionals, the efficient and targeted delivery of such therapies is a bottleneck. We propose that careful application of stereotaxic delivery of gene therapies can improve PD and AD management. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar O El Ganainy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tony Cijsouw
- Institute of Neuropathology, Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mennatallah A Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Susanne Schoch
- Institute of Neuropathology, Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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35
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Alzate-Correa D, Lawrence WR, Salazar-Puerta A, Higuita-Castro N, Gallego-Perez D. Nanotechnology-Driven Cell-Based Therapies in Regenerative Medicine. AAPS J 2022; 24:43. [PMID: 35292878 PMCID: PMC9074705 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of cells as therapeutic agents has emerged as a novel approach to complement the use of small molecule drugs and other biologics for the treatment of numerous conditions. Although the use of cells for structural and/or functional tissue repair and regeneration provides new avenues to address increasingly complex disease processes, it also faces numerous challenges related to efficacy, safety, and translational potential. Recent advances in nanotechnology-driven cell therapies have the potential to overcome many of these issues through precise modulation of cellular behavior. Here, we describe several approaches that illustrate the use of different nanotechnologies for the optimization of cell therapies and discuss some of the obstacles that need to be overcome to allow for the widespread implementation of nanotechnology-based cell therapies in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Alzate-Correa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - W R Lawrence
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - A Salazar-Puerta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - N Higuita-Castro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA.,Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA.,Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 19th Ave, room 3018, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - D Gallego-Perez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA. .,Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 19th Ave, room 3018, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA.
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36
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Li MX, Weng JW, Ho ES, Chow SF, Tsang CK. Brain delivering RNA-based therapeutic strategies by targeting mTOR pathway for axon regeneration after central nervous system injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2157-2165. [PMID: 35259823 PMCID: PMC9083176 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Injuries to the central nervous system (CNS) such as stroke, brain, and spinal cord trauma often result in permanent disabilities because adult CNS neurons only exhibit limited axon regeneration. The brain has a surprising intrinsic capability of recovering itself after injury. However, the hostile extrinsic microenvironment significantly hinders axon regeneration. Recent advances have indicated that the inactivation of intrinsic regenerative pathways plays a pivotal role in the failure of most adult CNS neuronal regeneration. Particularly, substantial evidence has convincingly demonstrated that the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is one of the most crucial intrinsic regenerative pathways that drive axonal regeneration and sprouting in various CNS injuries. In this review, we will discuss the recent findings and highlight the critical roles of mTOR pathway in axon regeneration in different types of CNS injury. Importantly, we will demonstrate that the reactivation of this regenerative pathway can be achieved by blocking the key mTOR signaling components such as phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Given that multiple mTOR signaling components are endogenous inhibitory factors of this pathway, we will discuss the promising potential of RNA-based therapeutics which are particularly suitable for this purpose, and the fact that they have attracted substantial attention recently after the success of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination. To specifically tackle the blood-brain barrier issue, we will review the current technology to deliver these RNA therapeutics into the brain with a focus on nanoparticle technology. We will propose the clinical application of these RNA-mediated therapies in combination with the brain-targeted drug delivery approach against mTOR signaling components as an effective and feasible therapeutic strategy aiming to enhance axonal regeneration for functional recovery after CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xi Li
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing-Wen Weng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Eric S Ho
- Department of Biology and Department of Computer Science, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA
| | - Shing Fung Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chi Kwan Tsang
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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37
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Roy B, Lee E, Li T, Rampersaud M. Role of miRNAs in Neurodegeneration: From Disease Cause to Tools of Biomarker Discovery and Therapeutics. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030425. [PMID: 35327979 PMCID: PMC8951370 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases originate from neuronal loss in the central nervous system (CNS). These debilitating diseases progress with age and have become common due to an increase in longevity. The National Institute of Environmental Health Science’s 2021 annual report suggests around 6.2 million Americans are living with Alzheimer’s disease, and there is a possibility that there will be 1.2 million Parkinson’s disease patients in the USA by 2030. There is no clear-cut universal mechanism for identifying neurodegenerative diseases, and therefore, they pose a challenge for neurobiology scientists. Genetic and environmental factors modulate these diseases leading to familial or sporadic forms. Prior studies have shown that miRNA levels are altered during the course of the disease, thereby suggesting that these noncoding RNAs may be the contributing factor in neurodegeneration. In this review, we highlight the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Through this review, we aim to achieve four main objectives: First, we highlight how dysregulation of miRNA biogenesis led to these diseases. Second, we highlight the computational or bioinformatics tools required to identify the putative molecular targets of miRNAs, leading to biological molecular pathways or mechanisms involved in these diseases. Third, we focus on the dysregulation of miRNAs and their target genes leading to several neurodegenerative diseases. In the final section, we highlight the use of miRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers in the early asymptomatic preclinical diagnosis of these age-dependent debilitating diseases. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and advances in the development of miRNA therapeutics for brain targeting. We list some of the innovative strategies employed to deliver miRNA into target cells and the relevance of these viral and non-viral carrier systems in RNA therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. In summary, this review highlights the relevance of studying brain-enriched miRNAs, the mechanisms underlying their regulation of target gene expression, their dysregulation leading to progressive neurodegeneration, and their potential for biomarker marker and therapeutic intervention. This review thereby highlights ways for the effective diagnosis and prevention of these neurodegenerative disorders in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Roy
- Life Science Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ 07012, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Erica Lee
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA; (E.L.); (T.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Teresa Li
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA; (E.L.); (T.L.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria Rampersaud
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA; (E.L.); (T.L.); (M.R.)
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38
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Exosomal microRNAs have great potential in the neurorestorative therapy for traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2022; 352:114026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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Oláh J, Szénási T, Lehotzky A, Norris V, Ovádi J. Challenges in Discovering Drugs That Target the Protein-Protein Interactions of Disordered Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031550. [PMID: 35163473 PMCID: PMC8835748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) outnumber proteins and are crucial to many fundamental processes; in consequence, PPIs are associated with several pathological conditions including neurodegeneration and modulating them by drugs constitutes a potentially major class of therapy. Classically, however, the discovery of small molecules for use as drugs entails targeting individual proteins rather than targeting PPIs. This is largely because discovering small molecules to modulate PPIs has been seen as extremely challenging. Here, we review the difficulties and limitations of strategies to discover drugs that target PPIs directly or indirectly, taking as examples the disordered proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Oláh
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.O.); (T.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Tibor Szénási
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.O.); (T.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Attila Lehotzky
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.O.); (T.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Victor Norris
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France;
| | - Judit Ovádi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.O.); (T.S.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence:
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40
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Penning A, Tosoni G, Abiega O, Bielefeld P, Gasperini C, De Pietri Tonelli D, Fitzsimons CP, Salta E. Adult Neural Stem Cell Regulation by Small Non-coding RNAs: Physiological Significance and Pathological Implications. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:781434. [PMID: 35058752 PMCID: PMC8764185 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.781434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult neurogenic niches are complex multicellular systems, receiving regulatory input from a multitude of intracellular, juxtacrine, and paracrine signals and biological pathways. Within the niches, adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) generate astrocytic and neuronal progeny, with the latter predominating in physiological conditions. The new neurons generated from this neurogenic process are functionally linked to memory, cognition, and mood regulation, while much less is known about the functional contribution of aNSC-derived newborn astrocytes and adult-born oligodendrocytes. Accumulating evidence suggests that the deregulation of aNSCs and their progeny can impact, or can be impacted by, aging and several brain pathologies, including neurodevelopmental and mood disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and also by insults, such as epileptic seizures, stroke, or traumatic brain injury. Hence, understanding the regulatory underpinnings of aNSC activation, differentiation, and fate commitment could help identify novel therapeutic avenues for a series of pathological conditions. Over the last two decades, small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of NSC fate determination in the adult neurogenic niches. In this review, we synthesize prior knowledge on how sncRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), may impact NSC fate determination in the adult brain and we critically assess the functional significance of these events. We discuss the concepts that emerge from these examples and how they could be used to provide a framework for considering aNSC (de)regulation in the pathogenesis and treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Penning
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Tosoni
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Oihane Abiega
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pascal Bielefeld
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Caterina Gasperini
- Neurobiology of miRNAs Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Carlos P. Fitzsimons
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Carlos Fitzsimons Evgenia Salta
| | - Evgenia Salta
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Carlos Fitzsimons Evgenia Salta
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Zhao J, He Z, Wang J. MicroRNA-124: A Key Player in Microglia-Mediated Inflammation in Neurological Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:771898. [PMID: 34795564 PMCID: PMC8593194 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.771898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are mainly characterized by progressive neuron loss and neurological deterioration, which cause human disability and death. However, many types of neurological disorders have similar pathological mechanisms, including the neuroinflammatory response. Various microRNAs (miRs), such as miR-21, miR-124, miR-146a, and miR-132 were recently shown to affect a broad spectrum of biological functions in the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia are innate immune cells with important roles in the physiological and pathological activities of the CNS. Recently, abnormal expression of miR-124 was shown to be associated with the occurrence and development of various diseases in CNS via regulating microglia function. In addition, miR-124 is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target. Studies on the role of miR-124 in regulating microglia function involved in pathogenesis of neurological disorders at different stages will provide new ideas for the use of miR-124 as a therapeutic target for different CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuhan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenwei He
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jialu Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Rinoldi C, Zargarian SS, Nakielski P, Li X, Liguori A, Petronella F, Presutti D, Wang Q, Costantini M, De Sio L, Gualandi C, Ding B, Pierini F. Nanotechnology-Assisted RNA Delivery: From Nucleic Acid Therapeutics to COVID-19 Vaccines. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100402. [PMID: 34514087 PMCID: PMC8420172 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the main quest of science has been the pioneering of the groundbreaking biomedical strategies needed for achieving a personalized medicine. Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) are outstanding bioactive macromolecules identified as pivotal actors in regulating a wide range of biochemical pathways. The ability to intimately control the cell fate and tissue activities makes RNA-based drugs the most fascinating family of bioactive agents. However, achieving a widespread application of RNA therapeutics in humans is still a challenging feat, due to both the instability of naked RNA and the presence of biological barriers aimed at hindering the entrance of RNA into cells. Recently, material scientists' enormous efforts have led to the development of various classes of nanostructured carriers customized to overcome these limitations. This work systematically reviews the current advances in developing the next generation of drugs based on nanotechnology-assisted RNA delivery. The features of the most used RNA molecules are presented, together with the development strategies and properties of nanostructured vehicles. Also provided is an in-depth overview of various therapeutic applications of the presented systems, including coronavirus disease vaccines and the newest trends in the field. Lastly, emerging challenges and future perspectives for nanotechnology-mediated RNA therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rinoldi
- Department of Biosystems and Soft MatterInstitute of Fundamental Technological ResearchPolish Academy of Sciencesul. Pawińskiego 5BWarsaw02‐106Poland
| | - Seyed Shahrooz Zargarian
- Department of Biosystems and Soft MatterInstitute of Fundamental Technological ResearchPolish Academy of Sciencesul. Pawińskiego 5BWarsaw02‐106Poland
| | - Pawel Nakielski
- Department of Biosystems and Soft MatterInstitute of Fundamental Technological ResearchPolish Academy of Sciencesul. Pawińskiego 5BWarsaw02‐106Poland
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and TechnologyDonghua UniversityWest Yan'an Road 1882Shanghai200051China
| | - Anna Liguori
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of BolognaUniversity of BolognaVia Selmi 2Bologna40126Italy
| | - Francesca Petronella
- Institute of Crystallography CNR‐ICNational Research Council of ItalyVia Salaria Km 29.300Monterotondo – Rome00015Italy
| | - Dario Presutti
- Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciencesul. M. Kasprzaka 44/52Warsaw01‐224Poland
| | - Qiusheng Wang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and TechnologyDonghua UniversityWest Yan'an Road 1882Shanghai200051China
| | - Marco Costantini
- Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciencesul. M. Kasprzaka 44/52Warsaw01‐224Poland
| | - Luciano De Sio
- Department of Medico‐Surgical Sciences and BiotechnologiesResearch Center for BiophotonicsSapienza University of RomeCorso della Repubblica 79Latina04100Italy
- CNR‐Lab. LicrylInstitute NANOTECArcavacata di Rende87036Italy
| | - Chiara Gualandi
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of BolognaUniversity of BolognaVia Selmi 2Bologna40126Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials TechnologyCIRI‐MAMUniversity of BolognaViale Risorgimento 2Bologna40136Italy
| | - Bin Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and TechnologyDonghua UniversityWest Yan'an Road 1882Shanghai200051China
| | - Filippo Pierini
- Department of Biosystems and Soft MatterInstitute of Fundamental Technological ResearchPolish Academy of Sciencesul. Pawińskiego 5BWarsaw02‐106Poland
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Garcia G, Pinto S, Cunha M, Fernandes A, Koistinaho J, Brites D. Neuronal Dynamics and miRNA Signaling Differ between SH-SY5Y APPSwe and PSEN1 Mutant iPSC-Derived AD Models upon Modulation with miR-124 Mimic and Inhibitor. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092424. [PMID: 34572073 PMCID: PMC8465877 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal miRNA dysregulation may have a role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). miRNA(miR)-124 is largely abundant and a critical player in many neuronal functions. However, the lack of models reliably recapitulating AD pathophysiology hampers our understanding of miR-124's role in the disease. Using the classical human SH-SY5Y-APP695 Swedish neuroblastoma cells (SH-SWE) and the PSEN1 mutant iPSC-derived neurons (iNEU-PSEN), we observed a sustained upregulation of miR-124/miR-125b/miR-21, but only miR-124 was consistently shuttled into their exosomes. The miR-124 mimic reduced APP gene expression in both AD models. While miR-124 mimic in SH-SWE neurons led to neurite outgrowth, mitochondria activation and small Aβ oligomer reduction, in iNEU-PSEN cells it diminished Tau phosphorylation, whereas miR-124 inhibitor decreased dendritic spine density. In exosomes, cellular transfection with the mimic predominantly downregulated miR-125b/miR-21/miR-146a/miR-155. The miR-124 inhibitor upregulated miR-146a in the two experimental cell models, while it led to distinct miRNA signatures in cells and exosomes. In sum, though miR-124 function may be dependent on the neuronal AD model, data indicate that keeping miR-124 level strictly controlled is crucial for proper neuronal function. Moreover, the iNEU-PSEN cellular model stands out as a useful tool for AD mechanistic studies and perhaps for the development of personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Garcia
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (G.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Sara Pinto
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (G.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.)
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mar Cunha
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (G.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; or
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dora Brites
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (G.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-217946450
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Tung CW, Huang PY, Chan SC, Cheng PH, Yang SH. The regulatory roles of microRNAs toward pathogenesis and treatments in Huntington's disease. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:59. [PMID: 34412645 PMCID: PMC8375176 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is one of neurodegenerative diseases, and is defined as a monogenetic disease due to the mutation of Huntingtin gene. This disease affects several cellular functions in neurons, and further influences motor and cognitive ability, leading to the suffering of devastating symptoms in HD patients. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a non-coding RNA, and is responsible for gene regulation at post-transcriptional levels in cells. Since one miRNA targets to several downstream genes, it may regulate different pathways simultaneously. As a result, it raises a potential therapy for different diseases using miRNAs, especially for inherited diseases. In this review, we will not only introduce the update information of HD and miRNA, but also discuss the development of potential miRNA-based therapy in HD. With the understanding toward the progression of miRNA studies in HD, we anticipate it may provide an insight to treat this devastating disease, even applying to other genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Tung
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yu Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Siew Chin Chan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsun Cheng
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hsun Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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Ghosh S, Kumar V, Mukherjee H, Lahiri D, Roy P. Nutraceutical regulation of miRNAs involved in neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancers. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07262. [PMID: 34195404 PMCID: PMC8225984 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is a well-connected, intricate network of neurons and supporting glial cells. Neurodegenerative diseases arise as a consequence of extensive loss of neuronal cells leading to disruption of their natural structure and function. On the contrary, rapid proliferation and growth of glial as well as neuronal cells account for the occurrence of malignancy in brain. In both cases, the molecular microenvironment holds pivotal importance in the progression of the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are one of the major components of the molecular microenvironment. miRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that control gene expression post-transcriptionally. As compared to other tissues, the brain expresses a substantially high number of miRNAs. In the early stage of neurodegeneration, miRNA expression upregulates, while in oncogenesis, miRNA expression is gradually lost. Neurodegeneration and brain cancer is presumed to be under the influence of identical pathways of cell proliferation, differentiation and cell death which are tightly regulated by miRNAs. It has been confirmed experimentally that miRNA expression can be regulated by nutraceuticals - macronutrients, micronutrients or natural products derived from food; thereby making dietary supplements immensely significant for targeting miRNAs having altered expression patterns during neurodegeneration or oncogenesis. In this review, we will discuss in detail, about the common miRNAs involved in brain cancers and neurodegenerative diseases along with the comprehensive list of miRNAs involved separately in both pathological conditions. We will also discuss the role of nutraceuticals in the regulation of those miRNAs which are involved in both of these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Viney Kumar
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Haimanti Mukherjee
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Debrupa Lahiri
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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Islam Y, Leach AG, Smith J, Pluchino S, Coxon CR, Sivakumaran M, Downing J, Fatokun AA, Teixidò M, Ehtezazi T. Physiological and Pathological Factors Affecting Drug Delivery to the Brain by Nanoparticles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2002085. [PMID: 34105297 PMCID: PMC8188209 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of neurological/neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease is known to be increasing due to an aging population and is anticipated to further grow in the decades ahead. The treatment of brain diseases is challenging partly due to the inaccessibility of therapeutic agents to the brain. An increasingly important observation is that the physiology of the brain alters during many brain diseases, and aging adds even more to the complexity of the disease. There is a notion that the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) increases with aging or disease, however, the body has a defense mechanism that still retains the separation of the brain from harmful chemicals in the blood. This makes drug delivery to the diseased brain, even more challenging and complex task. Here, the physiological changes to the diseased brain and aged brain are covered in the context of drug delivery to the brain using nanoparticles. Also, recent and novel approaches are discussed for the delivery of therapeutic agents to the diseased brain using nanoparticle based or magnetic resonance imaging guided systems. Furthermore, the complement activation, toxicity, and immunogenicity of brain targeting nanoparticles as well as novel in vitro BBB models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamir Islam
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityByrom StreetLiverpoolL3 3AFUK
| | - Andrew G. Leach
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityByrom StreetLiverpoolL3 3AFUK
- Division of Pharmacy and OptometryThe University of ManchesterStopford Building, Oxford RoadManchesterM13 9PTUK
| | - Jayden Smith
- Cambridge Innovation Technologies Consulting (CITC) LimitedSt. John's Innovation CentreCowley RoadCambridgeCB4 0WSUK
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesClifford Allbutt Building – Cambridge Biosciences Campus and NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeHills RoadCambridgeCB2 0HAUK
| | - Christopher R. Coxon
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityByrom StreetLiverpoolL3 3AFUK
- School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot‐Watt UniversityWilliam Perkin BuildingEdinburghEH14 4ASUK
| | - Muttuswamy Sivakumaran
- Department of HaematologyPeterborough City HospitalEdith Cavell CampusBretton Gate PeterboroughPeterboroughPE3 9GZUK
| | - James Downing
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityByrom StreetLiverpoolL3 3AFUK
| | - Amos A. Fatokun
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityByrom StreetLiverpoolL3 3AFUK
| | - Meritxell Teixidò
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri Reixac 10Barcelona08028Spain
| | - Touraj Ehtezazi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityByrom StreetLiverpoolL3 3AFUK
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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of Exosomal MicroRNAs for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:8884642. [PMID: 34054944 PMCID: PMC8143892 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8884642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are characterized by a gradual loss of neurons and functions that eventually leads to progressive neurological impairment. In view of the heavy burden on the healthcare system, efficient and reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapeutic treatments to reverse the progression of NDs are in urgent need. There has been an increasing interest in using exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers or targeted therapies for neurological diseases recently. In this review, we overviewed the updated studies on exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers and potential therapeutic approaches in NDs, as well as their association with the pathophysiology of this group of disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD). The exosomal miRNAs that are commonly dysregulated across different NDs or are commonly used as therapeutic candidates were also identified and summarized. In summary, the feasibility of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers and potential targeted therapy for NDs has been verified. However, due to the limitations of existing studies and the discrepancies across different studies, high quality laboratory and clinical investigations are still required.
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Rasheed M, Liang J, Wang C, Deng Y, Chen Z. Epigenetic Regulation of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4956. [PMID: 34066949 PMCID: PMC8125491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the most significant factors involved in the initiation and progression of Parkinson's disease. PD is a neurodegenerative disorder with a motor disability linked with various complex and diversified risk factors. These factors trigger myriads of cellular and molecular processes, such as misfolding defective proteins, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neurotoxic substances that induce selective neurodegeneration of dopamine neurons. This neuronal damage activates the neuronal immune system, including glial cells and inflammatory cytokines, to trigger neuroinflammation. The transition of acute to chronic neuroinflammation enhances the susceptibility of inflammation-induced dopaminergic neuron damage, forming a vicious cycle and prompting an individual to PD development. Epigenetic mechanisms recently have been at the forefront of the regulation of neuroinflammatory factors in PD, proposing a new dawn for breaking this vicious cycle. This review examined the core epigenetic mechanisms involved in the activation and phenotypic transformation of glial cells mediated neuroinflammation in PD. We found that epigenetic mechanisms do not work independently, despite being coordinated with each other to activate neuroinflammatory pathways. In this regard, we attempted to find the synergic correlation and contribution of these epigenetic modifications with various neuroinflammatory pathways to broaden the canvas of underlying pathological mechanisms involved in PD development. Moreover, this study highlighted the dual characteristics (neuroprotective/neurotoxic) of these epigenetic marks, which may counteract PD pathogenesis and make them potential candidates for devising future PD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zixuan Chen
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.R.); (J.L.); (C.W.); (Y.D.)
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Meng X, Zhong J, Zeng C, Yung KKL, Zhang X, Wu X, Qu S. MiR-30a-5p Regulates GLT-1 Function via a PKCα-Mediated Ubiquitin Degradation Pathway in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1578-1592. [PMID: 33882234 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate excitotoxicity is caused by dysfunctional glutamate transporters and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the mechanisms that underlie the regulation of glutamate transporters in PD are still not fully elucidated. MicroRNAs(miRNA), which are abundant in astrocytes and neurons, have been reported to play key roles in regulating the translation of glutamate-transporter mRNA. In this study, we hypothesized that the miR-30a-5p contributes to the pathogenesis of PD by regulating the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1). We demonstrated that short-hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of miR-30a-5p ameliorated motor deficits and pathological changes like astrogliosis and reactive microgliosis in a mouse model of PD (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice). Western blotting and immunofluorescent labeling revealed that miR-30a-5p suppressed the expression and function of GLT-1 in MPTP-treated mice and specifically in astrocytes treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) (cell model of PD). Both in vitro and in vivo, we found that miR-30a-5p knockdown promoted glutamate uptake and increased GLT-1 expression by hindering GLT-1 ubiquitination and subsequent degradation in a PKCα-dependent manner. Therefore, we conclude that miR-30a-5p represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjun Meng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
- Central Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jianping Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
| | - Chong Zeng
- Central Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
| | - Ken Kin Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiuping Zhang
- Teaching Center of Experimental Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Shaogang Qu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
- Central Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong 528300, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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50
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Nies YH, Mohamad Najib NH, Lim WL, Kamaruzzaman MA, Yahaya MF, Teoh SL. MicroRNA Dysregulation in Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:660379. [PMID: 33994934 PMCID: PMC8121453 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.660379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a severely debilitating neurodegenerative disease, affecting the motor system, leading to resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, bradykinesia, walking and gait difficulties, and postural instability. The severe loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta causes striatal dopamine deficiency and the presence of Lewy bodies indicates a pathological hallmark of PD. Although the current treatment of PD aims to preserve dopaminergic neurons or to replace dopamine depletion in the brain, it is notable that complete recovery from the disease is yet to be achieved. Given the complexity and multisystem effects of PD, the underlying mechanisms of PD pathogenesis are yet to be elucidated. The advancement of medical technologies has given some insights in understanding the mechanism and potential treatment of PD with a special interest in the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) to unravel the pathophysiology of PD. In PD patients, it was found that striatal brain tissue and dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra demonstrated dysregulated miRNAs expression profiles. Hence, dysregulation of miRNAs may contribute to the pathogenesis of PD through modulation of PD-associated gene and protein expression. This review will discuss recent findings on PD-associated miRNAs dysregulation, from the regulation of PD-associated genes, dopaminergic neuron survival, α-synuclein-induced inflammation and circulating miRNAs. The next section of this review also provides an update on the potential uses of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic tools for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hui Nies
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Haliza Mohamad Najib
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Ling Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Amir Kamaruzzaman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Fairuz Yahaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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