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Liang D, Walker J, Schwendeman PS, Chandrashekar A, Ackermann R, Olsen KF, Beck-Broichsitter M, Schwendeman SP. Effect of PLGA raw materials on in vitro and in vivo performance of drug-loaded microspheres. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01577-y. [PMID: 38643259 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acids) (PLGAs) play a critical role in the development of commercial long-acting injectable microsphere formulations. However, very little information is available describing the impact of PLGA manufacturer and monomer distribution along the polymer chain (e.g., glycolic blockiness (Rc) and average lactic block length (LL)) on the degradation and release behavior of PLGA drug carriers in vitro and in vivo. Here, we compared the in vitro and in vivo performance of (a) four leuprolide-loaded microsphere formulations prepared from similar low-molecular-weight acid-capped PLGAs (10-14 kD, i.e., Expansorb® DLG 75-2A, Purasorb® PDLG 7502A, Resomer® RG 752H and Wako® 7515) and (b) two triamcinolone acetonide-loaded (Tr-A) microsphere formulations from similar medium-molecular-weight ester-capped PLGAs (i.e., Expansorb® DLG 75-4E and Resomer® RG 753S). Lupron Depot® and Zilretta® were used as reference commercial products. The six 75/25 PLGAs displayed block lengths that were either above or below values expected from a random copolymer. Drug release and polymer degradation were monitored simultaneously in vitro and in vivo using a cage implant system. The four leuprolide-loaded formulations showed similar release and degradation patterns with some notable differences between each other. Microspheres from the Expansorb® polymer displayed lower LL and higher Rc relative to the other 3 PLGA 75/25 microspheres, and likewise exhibited distinct peptide release and degradation behavior compared to the other 3 formulations. For each formulation, leuprolide release was erosion-controlled up to about 30% release after the initial burst followed by a faster than erosion release phase. In vitro release was similar as that in vivo over the first phase but notably different from the latter release phase, particularly for the most blocky Expansorb® formulation. The Purasorb® and Wako® formulations displayed highly similar performance in release, degradation, and erosion analysis. By contrast, the two ester-capped Expansorb® DLG 75-4E and Resomer® RG 753S used to prepare Tr-A microspheres shared essentially identical LL and higher Rc and behaved similarly although the Expansorb® degraded and released the steroid faster in vivo, suggestive of other factors responsible (e.g., residual monomer). The in vivo release performance for both drugs from the six microsphere formulations was similar to that of the commercial reference products. In summary, this work details information on comparing the similarities and differences in in vitro and in vivo performance of drug-loaded microspheres as a function of manufacturing and microstructural variables of different types of PLGA raw materials utilized and could, therefore, be meaningful in guiding the source control during development and manufacturing of PLGA microsphere-based drug products. Future work will expand the analysis to include a broader range of LL and higher Rc, and add additional important formulation metrics (e.g., thermal analysis, and residual monomer, moisture, and organic solvent levels).
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer Walker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Peter S Schwendeman
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Aishwarya Chandrashekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rose Ackermann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Karl F Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Moritz Beck-Broichsitter
- MilliporeSigma a Business of Merck Life Science KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Steven P Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Kim W, Ngo HV, Nguyen HD, Park JM, Lee KW, Park C, Park JB, Lee BJ. Nanonization and Deformable Behavior of Fattigated Peptide Drug in Mucoadhesive Buccal Films. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:468. [PMID: 38675128 PMCID: PMC11054133 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was tasked with the design of mucoadhesive buccal films (MBFs) containing a peptide drug, leuprolide (LEU), or its diverse nanoparticles (NPs), for enhanced membrane permeability via self-assembled nanonization and deformable behavior. An LEU-oleic acid conjugate (LOC) and its self-assembled NPs (LON) were developed. Additionally, a deformable variant of LON (d-LON) was originally developed by incorporating l-α-phosphatidylcholine into LON as an edge activator. The physicochemical properties of LON and d-LON, encompassing particle size, zeta potential, and deformability index (DI), were evaluated. MBFs containing LEU, LOC, and NPs (LON, d-LON) were prepared using the solvent casting method by varying the ratio of Eudragit RLPO and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, with propylene glycol used as a plasticizer. The optimization of MBF formulations was based on their physicochemical properties, including in vitro residence time, dissolution, and permeability. The dissolution results demonstrated that the conjugation of oleic acid to LEU exhibited a more sustained LEU release pattern by cleaving the ester bond of the conjugate, as compared to the native LEU, with reduced variability. Moreover, the LOC and its self-assembled NPs (LON, d-LON), equivalent to 1 mg LEU doses in MBF, exhibited an amorphous state and demonstrated better permeability through the nanonization process than LEU alone, regardless of membrane types. The incorporation of lauroyl-L-carnitine into the films as a permeation enhancer synergistically augmented drug permeability. Most importantly, the d-LON-loaded buccal films showed the highest permeability, due to the deformability of NPs. Overall, MBF-containing peptide NPs and permeation enhancers have the potential to replace parenteral LEU administration by improving LEU druggability and patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Hai V. Ngo
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Hy D. Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Ji-Min Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Kye Wan Lee
- Dongkook Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul 06072, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chulhun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun-Bom Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.); (J.-M.P.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Wang M, Wang S, Zhang C, Ma M, Yan B, Hu X, Shao T, Piao Y, Jin L, Gao J. Microstructure Formation and Characterization of Long-Acting Injectable Microspheres: The Gateway to Fully Controlled Drug Release Pattern. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1571-1595. [PMID: 38406600 PMCID: PMC10888034 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s445269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-acting injectable microspheres have been on the market for more than three decades, but if calculated on the brand name, only 12 products have been approved by the FDA due to numerous challenges in achieving a fully controllable drug release pattern. Recently, more and more researches on the critical factors that determine the release kinetics of microspheres shifted from evaluating the typical physicochemical properties to exploring the microstructure. The microstructure of microspheres mainly includes the spatial distribution and the dispersed state of drug, PLGA and pores, which has been considered as one of the most important characteristics of microspheres, especially when comparative characterization of the microstructure (Q3) has been recommended by the FDA for the bioequivalence assessment. This review extracted the main variables affecting the microstructure formation from microsphere formulation compositions and preparation processes and highlighted the latest advances in microstructure characterization techniques. The further understanding of the microsphere microstructure has significant reference value for the development of long-acting injectable microspheres, particularly for the development of the generic microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changhao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain of Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bohua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinming Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain of Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain of Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Piao
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain of Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain of Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People’s Republic of China
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Prayag KS, Paul AT, Ghorui SK, Jindal AB. Long-term antitrypanosomal effect of quinapyramine sulphate-loaded oil-based nanosuspension in T. evansi-infected mouse model. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:542-554. [PMID: 37648938 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present work consisted of the formulation development and evaluation of quinapyramine sulphate (QS)-loaded long-acting oil-based nanosuspension for improved antitrypanosomal effect. QS was transformed into a hydrophobic ionic complex using anionic sodium cholate (Na.C). The complex was characterized by FTIR, DSC, and XRD. Oil-based nanosuspension was prepared by dispersing the QS-Na.C complex in thixotropically thickened olive oil. The nanoformulation was found to be cytocompatible (82.5 ± 5.87% cell viability at the minimum effective concentration [MEC]) in THP-1 cell lines and selectively trypanotoxic (p < 0.0001). The pharmacokinetic studies of QS-Na.C complex-loaded oily nanosuspension showed 13.54-fold, 7.09-fold, 1.78-fold, and 17.35-fold increases in t1/2, AUC0-∞, Vz/F, and MRT0-ꝏ, respectively, as compared to free QS. Moreover, a 7.08-fold reduction in plasma clearance was observed after the treatment with the optimized formulation in Wistar rats. Furthermore, treatment with QS-Na.C complex-loaded oily nanosuspension (7.5 mg/kg) in T. evansi-infected mice model showed the absence of parasitaemia for more than 75 days after the treatment during in vivo efficacy studies. The efficacy of the treatment was assessed by observation of blood smear and PCR assay for DNA amplification. To conclude, our findings suggest that the efficient delivery of QS from the developed QS-Na.C complex-loaded oily nanosuspension could be a promising treatment option for veterinary infections against trypanosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedar S Prayag
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, 333031, Pilani, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India
| | - Atish T Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, 333031, Pilani, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India
| | - Samar Kumar Ghorui
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, 334001, Jorbeer, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anil B Jindal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, 333031, Pilani, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India.
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5
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Schutzman R, Shi NQ, Olsen KF, Ackermann R, Tang J, Liu YY, Hong JKY, Wang Y, Qin B, Schwendeman A, Schwendeman SP. Mechanistic evaluation of the initial burst release of leuprolide from spray-dried PLGA microspheres. J Control Release 2023; 361:297-313. [PMID: 37343723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Spray-dried poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) peptide-loaded microspheres have demonstrated similar long-term in vitro release kinetics compared to those produced by the solvent evaporation method and commercial products. However, the difficult-to-control initial burst release over the first 24 h after administration presents an obstacle to product development and establishing bioequivalence. Currently, detailed information about underlying mechanisms of the initial burst release from microspheres is limited. We investigated the mechanism and extent of initial burst release using 16 previously developed spray-dried microsphere formulations of the hormone drug, leuprolide acetate, with similar composition to the commercial 1-month Lupron Depot® (LD). The burst release kinetics was measured with a previously validated continuous monitoring system as well as traditional sample-and-separate methods. The changes in pore structure and polymer permeability were investigated by SEM imaging and the uptake of a bodipy-dextran probe. In vitro results were compared to pharmacokinetics in rats over the same interval. High-burst, spray-dried microspheres were differentiated in the well-mixed continuous monitoring system but reached an upper limit when measured by the sample-and-separate method. Pore-like occlusions observed by confocal microscopy in some formulations indicated that particle swelling may have contributed to probe diffusion through the polymer phase and showed the extensive internal pore structure of spray-dried particles. Continuous monitoring revealed a rapid primary (1°) phase followed by a constant-rate secondary (2°) release phase, which comprised ∼80% and 20% of the 24-hr release, respectively. The ratio of 1° phase duration (t1°) and the characteristic probe diffusion time (τ) was highly correlated to 1° phase release for spray dried particles. Of the four spray-dried formulations administered in vivo, three spray-dried microspheres with similar polymer density showed nearly ideal linear correlation between in vivo absorption and well-mixed in vitro release kinetics over the first 24 h. By contrast, the more structurally dense LD and a more-dense in-house formulation showed a slight lag phase in vivo relative to in vitro. Furthermore, in vitro dimensionless times (tburst/τ) were highly correlated with pharmacokinetic parameters for spray-dried microspheres but not for LD. While the correlation of increases in effective probe diffusion and 1° phase release strongly suggests diffusion through the polymer matrix as a major release mechanism both in vitro and in vivo, a fixed lower limit for this release fraction implies an alternative release mechanism. Overall, continuous monitoring release and probe diffusion appears to have potential in differentiating between leuprolide formulations and establishing relationships between in vitro release and in vivo absorption during the initial burst period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Schutzman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nian-Qiu Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
| | - Karl F Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rose Ackermann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ya-Yuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Justin K Y Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Bin Qin
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Steven P Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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6
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Chandrashekar A, Beig A, Wang Y, Schwendeman SP. In vitro performance of composition-equivalent PLGA microspheres encapsulating exenatide acetate by solvent evaporation. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123213. [PMID: 37423376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The once-weekly Bydureon® (Bdn) PLGA microsphere formulation encapsulating the GLP-1 receptor agonist, exenatide acetate, is an important complex injectable product prepared by coacervation for the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients. Encapsulation by coacervation is useful to minimize an undesirable initial burst of exenatide, but it suffers from manufacturing difficulties such as process scale-up and batch-to-batch variations. Herein we prepared exenatide acetate-PLGA formulations of similar compositions using the desirable alternative double emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. After screening several process variables, we varied the PLGA concentration, the hardening temperature, and the collected particle size range, and determined the resulting drug and sucrose loading, initial burst release, in vitro retention kinetics, and peptide degradation profiles using Bdn as a positive control. All formulations exhibited a triphasic release profile with a burst, lag, and rapid release phase, although the burst release was greatly decreased to <5% for some. Marked differences were observed in the peptide degradation profiles, particularly the oxidized and acylated fractions, when the polymer concentration was varied. For one optimal formulation, the release and peptide degradation profiles were similar to Bdn microspheres, albeit with an induction time shift of one week, likely due to the slightly higher Mw of PLGA in Bdn. These results highlight the effects of key manufacturing variables on drug release and stability in composition-equivalent microspheres encapsulating exenatide acetate and indicate the potential of manufacturing the microsphere component of Bdn by solvent evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Chandrashekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Avital Beig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Steven P Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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7
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Rahmani F, Naderpour S, Nejad BG, Rahimzadegan M, Ebrahimi ZN, Kamali H, Nosrati R. The recent insight in the release of anticancer drug loaded into PLGA microspheres. Med Oncol 2023; 40:229. [PMID: 37410278 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a series of diseases leading to a high rate of death worldwide. Microspheres display specific characteristics that make them appropriate for a variety of biomedical purposes such as cancer therapy. Newly, microspheres have the potentials to be used as controlled drug release carriers. Recently, PLGA-based microspheres have attracted exceptional attention relating to effective drug delivery systems (DDS) because of their distinctive properties for a simple preparation, biodegradability, and high capability of drug loading which might be increased drug delivery. In this line, the mechanisms of controlled drug release and parameters that influence the release features of loaded agents from PLGA-based microspheres should be mentioned. The current review is focused on the new development of the release features of anticancer drugs, which are loaded into PLGA-based microspheres. Consequently, future perspective and challenges of anticancer drug release from PLGA-based microspheres are mentioned concisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Rahmani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saghi Naderpour
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Ghorbani Nejad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Milad Rahimzadegan
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zivar Nejad Ebrahimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hossein Kamali
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Rahim Nosrati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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8
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Shen Y, Liu Y, Nunes JK, Wang C, Xu M, To MKT, Stone HA, Shum HC. Fibro-Gel: An All-Aqueous Hydrogel Consisting of Microfibers with Tunable Release Profile and its Application in Wound Healing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211637. [PMID: 36789886 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels are valuable tools in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their unique advantages of injectability with minimal invasiveness and usability for irregularly shaped sites. However, it remains challenging to achieve scalable manufacturing together with matching physicochemical properties and on-demand drug release for a high level of control over biophysical and biomedical cues to direct endogenous cells. Here, the use of an injectable fibro-gel is demonstrated, a water-filled network of entangled hydrogel microfibers, whose physicochemical properties and drug release profiles can be tailored to overcome these shortcomings. This fibro-gel exhibits favorable in vitro biocompatibility and the capability to aid vascularization. The potential use of the fibro-gel for advancing tissue regeneration is explored with a mice excision skin model. Preliminary in vivo tests indicate that the fibro-gel promotes wound healing and new healthy tissue regeneration at a faster rate than a commercial gel. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the release of distinct drugs at different rates can further accelerate wound healing with higher efficiency, by using a two-layer fibro-gel model. The combination of injectability and tailorable properties of this fibro-gel offers a promising approach in biomedical fields such as therapeutic delivery, medical dressings, and 3D tissue scaffolds for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Janine K Nunes
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Chenmin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michael K T To
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Howard A Stone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Donepezil accelerates the release of PLGA microparticles via catalyzing the polymer degradation regardless of the end groups and molecular weights. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122566. [PMID: 36586633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is one of the most successful polymers for sustained parenteral drug products in the market. However, rational selection of PLGA in the formulations is still challenging due to the lack of fundamental studies. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of donepezil (DP) on the in-vitro and in-vivo performance of PLGA sustained microspheres. Three kinds of PLGAs with different end groups and molecular weights were selected. Then DP-loaded PLGA microspheres (DP-MSs) with similar particle size, drug loading, and encapsulation efficiency were prepared using an o/w emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Laser diffraction and scanning electron microscopy showed that the prepared DP-MSs were about 35 μm and spherical in shape. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction indicated that DP was in an amorphous state inside the microspheres. Unexpectedly, the molecular weight and end group of PLGAs did not significantly influence the in-vitro and in-vivo performance of the DP-MSs. The gel permeation chromatography indicated that the degradation rates of PLGAs were accelerated with the incorporation of DP into the microspheres, and the molecular weight of all three kinds of PLGAs sharply dropped to about 11,000 Da within the initial three days. The basic catalysis effect induced by DP might be responsible for the accelerated degradation of PLGAs, which led to similar in-vitro release profiles of DP from different PLGA matrices. A point-to-point level A correlation between the in-vitro release and the in-vivo absorption was observed, which confirmed the accelerated release of DP from the DP-MSs in-vivo. The results indicated that the influence of DP on the degradation of PLGA should be considered when developing DP-sustained microspheres.
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10
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Ghareh Sheikhlou M, Shabani Ravari N, Behrouzi M, Goodarzi N, Saghafian Larijani R, Varshochian R, Dinarvand R, Rouini MR. Engineered PLGA microspheres for extended-release of naltrexone: in vitro, in vivo, and IVIVR. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:190-199. [PMID: 36688610 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2172041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-based formulation is one of the most often used parenteral extended-release forms to deliver various therapeutics. VIVITROL® as a commercialized PLGA microsphere formulation encapsulates naltrexone, a narcotic antagonist for opioid addiction and alcohol dependency. However, no U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved generic product of naltrexone PLGA microsphere formulation has entered the market. The availability of generic naltrexone PLGA microspheres in low-income countries will broaden patients' accessibility to the safe, effective, and more affordable drug. A major challenge in developing such generic forms is the sensitivity of the drug-loaded microspheres' critical characteristics to the small manufacturing changes, even in formulations with the same compositions as the reference product. In this study, we evaluated the different key manufacturing parameters on the physicochemical, in vitro and in vivo release characteristics of naltrexone microspheres to develop a generic form of naltrexone PLGA microspheres. The selected formulations demonstrated a significant similarity in physicochemical characteristics and release profiles (f2 > 50) to the reference product, VIVITROL®. A strong relationship was observed between in vitro release profile of naltrexone as against its corresponding in vivo profile. It helped to roughly predict the in vivo release behavior of the different manufactured formulations by their corresponding in vitro release profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghareh Sheikhlou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Shabani Ravari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Behrouzi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Goodarzi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reyhaneh Varshochian
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rouini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Walker J, Albert J, Liang D, Sun J, Schutzman R, Kumar R, White C, Beck-Broichsitter M, Schwendeman SP. In vitro degradation and erosion behavior of commercial PLGAs used for controlled drug delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:237-251. [PMID: 35672653 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Copolymers of lactic (or lactide) and glycolic (or glycolide) acids (PLGAs) are among the most commonly used materials in biomedical applications, such as parenteral controlled drug delivery, due to their biocompatibility, predictable degradation rate, and ease of processing. Besides manufacturing variables of drug delivery vehicles, changes in PLGA raw material properties can affect product behavior. Accordingly, an in-depth understanding of polymer-related "critical quality attributes" can improve selection and predictability of PLGA performance. Here, we selected 19 different PLGAs from five manufacturers to form drug-free films, submillimeter implants, and microspheres and evaluated differences in their water uptake, degradation, and erosion during in vitro incubation as a function of L/G ratio, polymerization method, molecular weight, end-capping, and geometry. Uncapped PLGA 50/50 films from different manufacturers with similar molecular weights and higher glycolic unit blockiness and/or block length values showed faster initial degradation rates. Geometrically, larger implants of 75/25, uncapped PLGA showed higher water uptake and faster degradation rates in the first week compared to microspheres of the same polymers, likely due to enhanced effects of acid-catalyzed degradation from PLGA acidic byproducts unable to escape as efficiently from larger geometries. Manufacturer differences such as increased residual monomer appeared to increase water uptake and degradation in uncapped 50/50 PLGA films and poly(lactide) implants. This dataset of different polymer manufacturers could be useful in selecting desired PLGAs for controlled release applications or comparing differences in behavior during product development, and these techniques to further compare differences in less reported properties such as sequence distribution may be useful for future analyses of PLGA performance in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Walker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jason Albert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Desheng Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Richard Schutzman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Cameron White
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - Steven P Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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12
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Surface analysis of sequential semi-solvent vapor impact (SAVI) for studying microstructural arrangements of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles. J Control Release 2022; 350:600-612. [PMID: 36057396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles have been used as long-acting injectable (LAI) drug delivery systems for more than three decades. Despite extensive use, few tools have been available to examine and compare the three-dimensional (3D) structures of microparticles prepared using different compositions and processing parameters, all collectively affecting drug release kinetics. Surface analysis after sequential semi-solvent impact (SASSI) was conducted by exposing PLGA microparticles to different semi-solvent in the liquid phase. The use of semi-solvent liquids presented practical experimental difficulties, particularly in observing the same microparticles before and after exposure to semi-solvents. The difficulties were overcome by using a new sequential semi-solvent vapor (SSV) method to examine the morphological changes of the same microparticles. The SASSI method based on SSV is called surface analysis of semi-solvent vapor impact (SAVI). Semi-solvents are the solvents that dissolve PLGA polymers depending on the polymer's lactide:glycolide (L:G) ratio. A sequence of semi-solvents was used to dissolve portions of PLGA microparticles in an L:G ratio-dependent manner, thus revealing different structures depending on how microparticles were prepared. Exposing PLGA microparticles to semi-solvents in the vapor phase demonstrated significant advantages over using semi-solvents in the liquid phase, such as in control of exposure conditions, access to imaging, decreasing the time for sequential exposure of semi-solvents, and using the same microparticles. The SSV approach for morphological analysis provides another tool to enhance our understanding of the microstructural arrangement of PLGA polymers. It will improve our comprehensive understanding of the factors controlling drug release from LAI formulations based on PLGA polymers.
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13
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Bazybek N, Wei Y, Ma G. Advances in encapsulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists for controlled release: a review. J Microencapsul 2022; 39:452-466. [PMID: 35876729 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2022.2100934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists are peptides consisting of nine or ten amino acid residues. GnRH agonists have been applied in the therapy of sexual hormone disorders like prostate cancer, endometriosis, uterine myoma, central precious puberty, and in-vitro fertility. Treatment is achieved by continuous hormone intake and long-term agonists administration, which is usually associated with poor patient compliance. Because GnRH agonists that are administered with the parenteral route are broken down by peptidase, their half-life is short. As a result, developing sustained release for the drug delivery system is significant. Even though some drugs have been successfully delivered with long-acting release microspheres and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), some challenges remain. This review highlighted current approaches to encapsulate GnRH agonists into delivery systems and strategies encountered during the loading process. Moreover, the following sections provide strategies to improve the release profile, and animal and human studies were summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardana Bazybek
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Kim M, Kim JH, Kim S, Maharjan R, Kim NA, Jeong SH. New long-acting injectable microspheres prepared by IVL-DrugFluidic™ system: 1-month and 3-month in vivo drug delivery of leuprolide. Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121875. [PMID: 35636628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The microspheres for 1-month (PLGA-based) and 3-month (PLA-based) drug releases of leuprolide were manufactured using an IVL-DrugFluidic™ system and their morphology, particle size and distribution, and encapsulation efficiency were compared with the commercialized products. In vivo test was also conducted to monitor the amount of leuprolide and testosterone in plasma after a single subcutaneous injection in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and male Beagle dogs. The median diameter, span value, drug loading, and encapsulation efficiency of PLGA-based microspheres (63.29 μm, 0.26, 13.15%, and 78.90%, respectively) and PLA-based microspheres (80.28 μm, 0.21, 14.42%, and 86.50%, respectively) demonstrated narrow particle size distribution (monodispersed) and efficient drug loading/encapsulation efficiency. Both the microspheres exhibited a desired time-dependent drug release profile and reduced initial burst release by 16-fold in SD rats and 240-fold in Beagle dogs compared to Leuplin DPS®. Moreover, the testosterone level in plasma was suppressed to < 0.50 ng/mL after 28 days with a steady plasma drug concentration. The results suggested that newly developed leuprolide-loaded microspheres produced by the IVL-DrugFluidic™ system could provide extended drug release with advantages such as reduced initial burst release and testosterone level suppression, along with steady plasma drug concentration, over the existing products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsung Kim
- Inventage Lab Inc, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13438, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- Inventage Lab Inc, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13438, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seyeon Kim
- Inventage Lab Inc, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13438, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ravi Maharjan
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam Ah Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Korea.
| | - Seong Hoon Jeong
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Giles MB, Hong JKY, Liu Y, Tang J, Li T, Beig A, Schwendeman A, Schwendeman SP. Efficient aqueous remote loading of peptides in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid). Nat Commun 2022; 13:3282. [PMID: 35676271 PMCID: PMC9177552 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) long-acting release depots are effective for extending the duration of action of peptide drugs. We describe efficient organic-solvent-free remote encapsulation based on the capacity of common uncapped PLGA to bind and absorb into the polymer phase net positively charged peptides from aqueous solution after short exposure at modest temperature. Leuprolide encapsulated by this approach in low-molecular-weight PLGA 75/25 microspheres slowly and continuously released peptide for over 56 days in vitro and suppressed testosterone production in rats in an equivalent manner as the 1-month Lupron Depot®. The technique is generalizable to encapsulate a number of net cationic peptides of various size, including octreotide, with competitive loading and encapsulation efficiencies to traditional methods. In certain cases, in vitro and in vivo performance of remote-loaded PLGA microspheres exceeded that relative to marketed products. Remote absorption encapsulation further removes the need for a critical organic solvent removal step after encapsulation, allowing for simple and cost-effective sterilization of the drug-free microspheres before encapsulation of the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan B Giles
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Justin K Y Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yayuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tinghui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Avital Beig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Steven P Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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16
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Beig A, Ackermann R, Wang Y, Schutzman R, Schwendeman SP. Minimizing the initial burst of octreotide acetate based long-acting microspheres by the solvent evaporation method. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121842. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Bassand C, Benabed L, Verin J, Danede F, Lefol L, Willart J, Siepmann F, Siepmann J. Hot melt extruded PLGA implants loaded with ibuprofen: How heat exposure alters the physical drug state. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Kim Y, Park EJ, Kim TW, Na DH. Recent Progress in Drug Release Testing Methods of Biopolymeric Particulate System. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1313. [PMID: 34452274 PMCID: PMC8399039 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymeric microparticles have been widely used for long-term release formulations of short half-life chemicals or synthetic peptides. Characterization of the drug release from microparticles is important to ensure product quality and desired pharmacological effect. However, there is no official method for long-term release parenteral dosage forms. Much work has been done to develop methods for in vitro drug release testing, generally grouped into three major categories: sample and separate, dialysis membrane, and continuous flow (flow-through cell) methods. In vitro drug release testing also plays an important role in providing insight into the in vivo performance of a product. In vitro release test with in vivo relevance can reduce the cost of conducting in vivo studies and accelerate drug product development. Therefore, investigation of the in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) is increasingly becoming an essential part of particulate formulation development. This review summarizes the principles of the in vitro release testing methods of biopolymeric particulate system with the recent research articles and discusses their characteristics including IVIVC, accelerated release testing methods, and stability of encapsulated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.K.); (T.W.K.)
- G2GBIO, Inc., Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | | | - Tae Wan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.K.); (T.W.K.)
| | - Dong Hee Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.K.); (T.W.K.)
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19
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Huang Y, Yu Q, Chen Z, Wu W, Zhu Q, Lu Y. In vitro and in vivo correlation for lipid-based formulations: Current status and future perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2469-2487. [PMID: 34522595 PMCID: PMC8424225 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based formulations (LBFs) have demonstrated a great potential in enhancing the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, construction of in vitro and in vivo correlations (IVIVCs) for LBFs is quite challenging, owing to a complex in vivo processing of these formulations. In this paper, we start with a brief introduction on the gastrointestinal digestion of lipid/LBFs and its relation to enhanced oral drug absorption; based on the concept of IVIVCs, the current status of in vitro models to establish IVIVCs for LBFs is reviewed, while future perspectives in this field are discussed. In vitro tests, which facilitate the understanding and prediction of the in vivo performance of solid dosage forms, frequently fail to mimic the in vivo processing of LBFs, leading to inconsistent results. In vitro digestion models, which more closely simulate gastrointestinal physiology, are a more promising option. Despite some successes in IVIVC modeling, the accuracy and consistency of these models are yet to be validated, particularly for human data. A reliable IVIVC model can not only reduce the risk, time, and cost of formulation development but can also contribute to the formulation design and optimization, thus promoting the clinical translation of LBFs.
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Key Words
- ANN, artificial neural network
- AUC, area under the curve
- Absorption
- BCS, biopharmaceutics classification system
- BE, bioequivalence
- CETP, cholesterol ester transfer protein
- Cmax, peak plasma concentration
- DDS, drug delivery system
- FDA, US Food and Drug Administration
- GI, gastrointestinal
- HLB, hydrophilic–lipophilic balance
- IVIVC, in vitro and in vivo correlation
- IVIVR, in vitro and in vivo relationship
- In silico prediction
- In vitro and in vivo correlations
- LBF, lipid-based formulation
- LCT, long-chain triglyceride
- Lipid-based formulation
- Lipolysis
- MCT, medium-chain triglyceride
- Model
- Oral delivery
- PBPK, physiologically based pharmacokinetic
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- Perspectives
- SCT, short-chain triglyceride
- SEDDS, self-emulsifying drug delivery system
- SGF, simulated gastric fluid
- SIF, simulated intestinal fluid
- SLS, sodium lauryl sulfate
- SMEDDS, self-microemulsifying drug delivery system
- SNEDDS, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system
- TIM, TNO gastrointestinal model
- TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research
- Tmax, time to reach the peak plasma concentration
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20
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Practical quality attributes of polymeric microparticles with current understanding and future perspectives. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Development and characterization of composition-equivalent formulations to the Sandostatin LAR® by the solvent evaporation method. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:695-707. [PMID: 34215997 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sandostatin long-acting release® (SLAR) is a long-acting injectable somatostatin analogue formulation composed of octreotide encapsulated in glucose-initiated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres. Despite the end of patent protection, SLAR remains resistant to generic competition likely due to complexity of production process, the uniqueness of the glucose star polymer, and the instability of octreotide in the formulation. Here, we describe development of glucose-PLGA-based composition-equivalent to SLAR formulations prepared by double emulsion-solvent evaporation method and the effect of variations in encapsulation variables on release kinetics and other formulation characteristics. The following encapsulation variables were adjusted at constant theoretical loading of 7.0% peptide: PLGA concentration, pH of inner water phase, and stirring rate. After final drying, the microspheres were examined with and without annealing at 50 °C under vacuum for 3 days. The loading and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of octreotide acetate, manufacturing yield, and in vitro drug release kinetics in PBStc (10 mM phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with 1% triethyl citrate and 0.02% sodium azide at pH 7.4) were determined by UPLC. The in vitro release and acylation kinetics of octreotide for the solvent evaporation formulations prepared were similar to SLAR although the initial burst was slightly higher. Key formulation steps identified to maximize microsphere yield and minimize residual solvent and initial burst release included (a) addition of acetic acid to the peptide before preparation and (b) annealing the microspheres under vacuum after drying. Controlled release octreotide formulations prepared and investigated in this study could provide a better understanding of the effect of production variables on release performance and supply information useful for making progress in manufacturing of SLAR generic equivalents.
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22
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Ochi M, Wan B, Bao Q, Burgess DJ. Influence of PLGA molecular weight distribution on leuprolide release from microspheres. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120450. [PMID: 33675924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is a biodegradable copolymer used in many long-acting drug products. The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of polymer molecular weight distribution differences of PLGA on the in vitro release profile of leuprolide acetate microspheres. Eight microsphere formulations were prepared using the same manufacturing process but with different PLGA polymers. The physicochemical properties (drug loading, particle size and morphology) as well as the in vitro release profiles of the prepared microspheres were evaluated using a sample-and-separate method. The amount of burst release increased with increasing amount of low molecular weight fractions of PLGA, indicating that the drug release profiles appeared to be affected not only by the average molecular weight but also the molecular weight distribution of PLGA. In conclusion, quality control of the molecular weight distribution of PLGA as well as the weight average molecular weight is highly desirable in order to control the burst release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Ochi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Bo Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Quanying Bao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Diane J Burgess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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23
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Baino F, Fiume E, Ciavattini S, Kargozar S, Borges R, Genova LA, Marchi J, Verné E. Biomedical Radioactive Glasses for Brachytherapy. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14051131. [PMID: 33673726 PMCID: PMC7957637 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The fight against cancer is an old challenge for mankind. Apart from surgery and chemotherapy, which are the most common treatments, use of radiation represents a promising, less invasive strategy that can be performed both from the outside or inside the body. The latter approach, also known as brachytherapy, relies on the use of implantable beta-emitting seeds or microspheres for killing cancer cells. A set of radioactive glasses have been developed for this purpose but their clinical use is still mainly limited to liver cancer. This review paper provides a picture of the biomedical glasses developed and experimented for brachytherapy so far, focusing the discussion on the production methods and current limitations of the available options to their diffusion in clinical practice. Highly-durable neutron-activatable glasses in the yttria-alumina-silica oxide system are typically preferred in order to avoid the potentially-dangerous release of radioisotopes, while the compositional design of degradable glass systems suitable for use in radiotherapy still remains a challenge and would deserve further investigation in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Baino
- Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy; (E.F.); (S.C.); (E.V.)
- Interdepartmental Center PoliTO BIOMedLab, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center J Tech@PoliTO, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-090-4668
| | - Elisa Fiume
- Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy; (E.F.); (S.C.); (E.V.)
- Interdepartmental Center PoliTO BIOMedLab, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center J Tech@PoliTO, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Ciavattini
- Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy; (E.F.); (S.C.); (E.V.)
| | - Saeid Kargozar
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 917794-8564, Iran;
| | - Roger Borges
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-580 Santo André, SP, Brazil; (R.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Luis A. Genova
- Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia dos Materiais, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 05508-000 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil;
| | - Juliana Marchi
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-580 Santo André, SP, Brazil; (R.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Enrica Verné
- Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy; (E.F.); (S.C.); (E.V.)
- Interdepartmental Center PoliTO BIOMedLab, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center J Tech@PoliTO, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
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Xiao P, Qi P, Chen J, Song Z, Wang Y, He H, Tang X, Wang P. The effect of polymer blends on initial release regulation and in vitro-in vivo relationship of peptides loaded PLGA-Hydrogel Microspheres. Int J Pharm 2020; 591:119964. [PMID: 33137449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to resolve the lag time problem for peptides loaded PLGA-Hydrogel Microspheres (PLGA-gel-Ms) by blending low molecular PLGA (Mw. 1 kDa) into PLGA (Mw. 10 kDa) as an intrinsic porogen, and then assess the in vitro-in vivo relationship (IVIVR). Here, Goserelin acetate (GOS) was chosen as the model peptides. When compared to additional types of porogen, the intrinsic porogen avoided impurities remaining and protected the bioactivities of the peptides. By adding 10% PLGA (Mw. 1 kDa), the lag time was eliminated both in vitro and in vivo with a desirable EE (97.04% ± 0.51%). The release mechanisms were found to be: a) initial GOS release mainly controlled by pores diffusion and b) autocatalysis of PLGA (Mw. 1 kDa) which increased the quantity of aqueous pores, as revealed by SEM images. To solve the challenges caused by multiphasic release profiles, for the first time the Segmented phases IVIVR were proposed and developed, and showed improved linear fitting effects and supported the proposed release mechanisms. The application of PLGA blends could provide a new insight into PLGA microsphere initial release rate regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifu Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilin Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Puxiu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Challenges and opportunities in the delivery of cancer therapeutics: update on recent progress. Ther Deliv 2020; 12:55-76. [PMID: 33307811 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2020-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Global cancer prevalence has continuously increased in the last decades despite substantial progress achieved for patient care. Cancer is no longer recognized as a singular disease but as a plurality of different ones, leading to the important choice of the drug administration route and promoting the development of novel drug-delivery systems (DDS). Due to their structural diversity, therapeutic cancer drugs present specific challenges in physicochemical properties that can adversely affect their efficacy and toxicity profile. These challenges are addressed by innovative DDS to improve bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution profiles. Here, we define the drug delivery challenges related to oral, intravenous, subcutaneous or alternative routes of administration, and review innovative DDS, marketed or in development, that answer those challenges.
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26
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Nkanga CI, Fisch A, Rad-Malekshahi M, Romic MD, Kittel B, Ullrich T, Wang J, Krause RWM, Adler S, Lammers T, Hennink WE, Ramazani F. Clinically established biodegradable long acting injectables: An industry perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 167:19-46. [PMID: 33202261 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Long acting injectable formulations have been developed to sustain the action of drugs in the body over desired periods of time. These delivery platforms have been utilized for both systemic and local drug delivery applications. This review gives an overview of long acting injectable systems that are currently in clinical use. These products are categorized in three different groups: biodegradable polymeric systems, including microparticles and implants; micro and nanocrystal suspensions and oil-based formulations. Furthermore, the applications of these drug delivery platforms for the management of various chronic diseases are summarized. Finally, this review addresses industrial challenges regarding the development of long acting injectable formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Isalomboto Nkanga
- Center for Chemico- and Bio-Medicinal Research (CCBR), Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, B.P. 212, Kinshasa, XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Fisch
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Mazda Rad-Malekshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Birgit Kittel
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Ullrich
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Jing Wang
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Rui Werner Maçedo Krause
- Center for Chemico- and Bio-Medicinal Research (CCBR), Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Sabine Adler
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Farshad Ramazani
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
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27
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Jin H, Chong H, Zhu Y, Zhang M, Li X, Bazybek N, Wei Y, Gong F, He Y, Ma G. Preparation and evaluation of amphipathic lipopeptide-loaded PLGA microspheres as sustained-release system for AIDS prevention. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:476-484. [PMID: 33204234 PMCID: PMC7645643 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, AIDS drugs are typical inhibitors that cannot achieve permanent effects. Therefore, the research of blocking HIV infection is essential. Especially for people in the high-risk environment, long-term prevention is important, because HIV can easily infect cells once the drug is interrupted. However, there is still no long-acting AIDS prevention drug approved. Hence, the purpose of this study is to prepare a fusion inhibitor loaded poly(d, l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres as a sustained-release system for long-term AIDS prevention. As the HIV membrane fusion inhibitor (LP-98) used in this research is amphiphilic lipopeptide, W1/O/W2 double-emulsion method was chosen, and premix membrane emulsification technique was used for controlling the uniformity of particle size. Several process parameters that can impact drug loading efficiency were summarized: the concentration of LP-98 and PLGA, and the preparation condition of primary emulsion. Finally, the microspheres with high loading efficiency (>8%) and encapsulation efficiency (>90%) were successfully prepared under optimum conditions. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that LP-98-loaded microspheres were capable to continuously release for 24 days in rats. This research can promote the application of sustained-release microspheres in AIDS prevention, and the embedding technique used in this study can also provide references for the loading of other amphipathic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Huihui Chong
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of PathogensInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingP. R. China
| | - Yuanmei Zhu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of PathogensInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingP. R. China
| | - Mengqiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Xun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Nardana Bazybek
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Yi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Fangling Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Yuxian He
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of PathogensInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingP. R. China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
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28
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Characterization of attributes and in vitro performance of exenatide-loaded PLGA long-acting release microspheres. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 158:401-409. [PMID: 33122118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bydureon® (Bdn) is a once-weekly injectable long-acting release (LAR) product for adults with type 2 diabetes based on PLGA microspheres encapsulating the glucagon like peptide (GLP-1) analog, exenatide. Despite its widespread use in type 2 diabetes treatment, little information has been published concerning the physical-chemical aspects and exenatide stability in this product. Here, we developed and validated methods to evaluate attributes and performance of Bdn such as particle size/size distribution and residual levels of moisture and organic solvent(s). The reverse engineering of the exenatide LAR was also performed to identify and quantify principal components in the product. Stability-indicating UPLC and LC-MS methods were applied to characterize exenatide degradation (such as oxidation, deamidation and acylation products) during in vitro release evaluation. The 55-μm volume-median Bdn microspheres slowly released the exenatidein vitroover two months with a very low initial burst release to avoid unwanted side effects. Residual organic solvent levels (methylene chloride, ethanol, heptane, and silicon oil) also met the USP criteria. Peptide acylation was the most prominent peptide reaction during both encapsulation and in vitro release, and the acylated peptide steadily increased during release relative to parent exenatide, becoming the most abundant peptide species extracted from the microspheres at later release stages. The presence of peptide impurities during the release period, which are not extractable in the polymer and likely insoluble in water, might be one potential cause for immunogenicity. Further evaluation will be needed to confirm this hypothesis. Release of peptide was minimal over the first 2 weeks before the microspheres steadily released peptide for more than 28 days. The rigorous technical approach discussed in this paper may provide critical information for both companies and the FDA for developing generic exenatide-PLGA formulations and other important PLGA microsphere products.
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29
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Priwitaningrum DL, Jentsch J, Bansal R, Rahimian S, Storm G, Hennink WE, Prakash J. Apoptosis-inducing peptide loaded in PLGA nanoparticles induces anti-tumor effects in vivo. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119535. [PMID: 32534162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Induction of apoptosis in tumor cells specifically within the complex tumor microenvironment is highly desirable to kill them efficiently and to enhance the effects of chemotherapy. Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac) is a key pro-apoptotic pathway which can be activated with a Smac mimetic peptide. However, in vivo application of peptides is hampered by several limitations such as poor pharmacokinetics, rapid elimination, enzymatic degradation, and insufficient intracellular delivery. In this study, we developed a nanosystem to deliver a Smac peptide to tumor by passive targeting. We first synthesized a chimeric peptide that consists of the 8-mer Smac peptide and a 14-mer cell penetrating peptide (CPP) and then encapsulated the Smac-CPP into polymeric nanoparticles (Smac-CPP-NPs). In vitro, Smac-CPP-NPs were rapidly internalized by 4T1 mammary tumor cells and subsequently released Smac-CPP into the cells, as shown with fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, Smac-CPP-NPs induced apoptosis in tumor cells, as confirmed with cell viability and caspase 3/7 assays. Interestingly, combination of Smac-CPP-NPs with doxorubicin (dox), a clinically used cytostatic drug, showed combined effects in vitro in 4T1 cells. The effect was significantly better than that of SMAC-CPP-NPs alone as well as empty nanoparticles and dox. In vivo, co-treatment with Smac-CPP-NPs and free dox reduced the tumor growth to 85%. Furthermore, the combination of Smac-CPP-NPs and free dox showed reduced proliferating tumor cells (Ki-67 staining) and increased apoptotic cells (cleaved caspase-3 staining) in tumors. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the intracellular delivery of Smac-mimetic peptide using nanoparticle system can be an interesting strategy to attenuate the tumor growth and to potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi L Priwitaningrum
- Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Julian Jentsch
- Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sima Rahimian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Jai Prakash
- Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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30
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Zhang C, Yang L, Wan F, Bera H, Cun D, Rantanen J, Yang M. Quality by design thinking in the development of long-acting injectable PLGA/PLA-based microspheres for peptide and protein drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119441. [PMID: 32442645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adopting the Quality by Design (QbD) approach in the drug development process has transformed from "nice-to-do" into a crucial and required part of the development, ensuring the quality of pharmaceutical products throughout their whole life cycles. This review is discussing the implementation of the QbD thinking into the production of long-acting injectable (LAI) PLGA/PLA-based microspheres for the therapeutic peptide and protein drug delivery. Various key elements of the QbD approaches are initially elaborated using Bydureon®, a commercial product of LAI PLGA/PLA-based microspheres, as a classical example. Subsequently, the factors influencing the release patterns and the stability of the peptide and protein drugs are discussed. This is followed by a summary of the state-of-the-art of manufacturing LAI PLGA/PLA-based microspheres and the related critical process parameters (CPPs). Finally, a landscape of generic product development of LAI PLGA/PLA-based microspheres is reviewed including some major challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqian Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Yang
- CSPC ZhongQi Pharmaceutical Technology (Shijiazhuang) Company, Ltd, Huanghe Road 226, 050035 Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hriday Bera
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Cun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, 110016 Shenyang, China; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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31
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Shi NQ, Zhou J, Walker J, Li L, Hong JKY, Olsen KF, Tang J, Ackermann R, Wang Y, Qin B, Schwendeman A, Schwendeman SP. Microencapsulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres by spray-drying. J Control Release 2020; 321:756-772. [PMID: 31935481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A spray drying technique was developed to prepare injectable and biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres encapsulating a model luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (LHRHa)-based peptide, leuprolide. Various spray drying parameters were evaluated to prepare 1-month controlled release formulations with a similar composition to the commercial Lupron Depot® (LD). A single water-in-oil emulsion of aqueous leuprolide/gelatin solution in PLGA 75/25 acid capped (13 kDa Mw) dissolved in methylene chloride (DCM) was spray-dried before washing the microspheres in cold ddH2O and freeze-drying. The spray-drying microencapsulation was characterized by: particle size/distribution (span), morphology, drug/gelatin loading, encapsulation efficiency, and residual DCM and water content. Long-term release was tested over 9 weeks in PBS + 0.02% Tween 80 + 0.02% sodium azide pH 7.4 (PBST) at 37 °C. Several physical-chemical parameters were monitored simultaneously for selected formulations, including: water uptake, mass loss, dry and hydrated glass transition temperature, to help understand the related long-term release profiles and explore the underlying controlled-release mechanisms. Compared with the commercial LD microspheres, some of the in-house spray-dried microspheres presented highly similar or even improved long-term release profiles, providing viable long-acting release (LAR) alternatives to the LD. The in vitro release mechanism of the peptide was shown to be controlled either by kinetics of polymer mass loss or by a second process, hypothesized to involve peptide desorption from the polymer. These data indicate spray drying can be optimized to prepare commercially relevant PLGA microsphere formulations for delivery of peptides, including the LHRHa, leuprolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Qiu Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer Walker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
| | - Justin K Y Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Karl F Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rose Ackermann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Bin Qin
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Steven P Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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32
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Li J, Yang L, Zhu C, Peng T, Huang D, Ma X, Pan X, Wu C. Release mechanisms of bovine serum albumin loaded-PLGA microspheres prepared by ultra-fine particle processing system. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:1267-1277. [PMID: 32378176 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ultra-fine particle processing system (UPPS) previously developed by our lab has been used to prepare various microparticulate formulations. Microspheres prepared by UPPS can achieve sustained release with a reduced initial burst compared to the microspheres prepared by the conventional water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsion technique. However, the in vitro drug release mechanism of the microspheres prepared by UPPS is still uninvestigated. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of bovine serum albumin (BSA) released from poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres prepared by UPPS in comparison with microspheres prepared by the W/O/W double emulsion technique. The morphology, in vitro drug release, water uptake, and structural evolution of microspheres prepared by both techniques were evaluated. UPPS microspheres showed solid and compact internal structures without any pores or channels thereby exhibiting a reduced rate of water permeation in the release medium. In addition, the release of BSA in UPPS microspheres was mainly controlled by the erosion of the polymer matrix during the entire process, while BSA was released from W/O/W microspheres by both drug diffusion and matrix erosion. Moreover, the observed surface and internal structural evolution also confirmed their different release mechanisms. This work elaborates the release mechanism of PLGA microspheres prepared by UPPS and facilitates the design of microparticulate formulations. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chune Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Tingting Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Di Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Mail Stop A1920, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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33
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Zhou J, Walker J, Ackermann R, Olsen K, Hong JKY, Wang Y, Schwendeman SP. Effect of Manufacturing Variables and Raw Materials on the Composition-Equivalent PLGA Microspheres for 1-Month Controlled Release of Leuprolide. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1502-1515. [PMID: 32074448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The 1-month Lupron Depot (LD) is a 75/25 acid-capped poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microsphere product encapsulating water-soluble leuprolide acetate with no generic products available in the U.S. Composition-equivalent PLGA microsphere formulations to the LD as a function of raw material and manufacturing variables were developed by using the solvent evaporation encapsulation method. The following variables were adjusted: polymer supplier/polymerization type, gelatin supplier/bloom number, polymer concentration, first homogenization speed and time, volume of primary water phase, second homogenization time, volume of secondary water phase, and stirring rate. The loading and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of leuprolide and gelatin were determined to identify a large number of composition-equivalent formulations within a ±10% specification of the LD. Key physical-chemical properties of the formulations (e.g., morphology, particle size distribution, glass transition temperature (Tg), residual moisture and solvent, and porosity) were characterized to determine the effect of manufacturing variables on the product attributes. The EE of gelatin across all formulations prepared (101 ± 1%) was observed to be much higher than the EE of leuprolide (57 ± 1%). Judicious adjustment of polymer concentration, second homogenization time, and volume of second water phase was key to achieving high EE of leuprolide, although EE higher than 70% was not easily achievable owing to the difficulty of emulsifying highly viscous primary emulsion into homogeneous small droplets that could prevent peptide loss during the second homogenization under the conditions and equipment used. The in vitro release kinetics of the formulations was highly similar to the LD in a zero-order manner after ∼20% initial burst release, indicating a critical role of the composition on peptide release in this formulation. The characterization of composition-equivalent formulations described here could be useful for further development of generic leuprolide PLGA microspheres and for guiding decisions on the influence of process variables on product physicochemical attributes and release performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jennifer Walker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rose Ackermann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Karl Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Justin K Y Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Steven P Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Haney NM, Talwar S, Akula PK, Reddy AG, Pema GS, Ninh TV, Rezk BM, Heidari Z, Bouljihad MT, Sikka SC, John V, Abdel-Mageed AB, Hellstrom WJG. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1-Loaded Polymeric Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic) Acid Microspheres Improved Erectile Function in a Rat Model of Bilateral Cavernous Nerve Injury. J Sex Med 2020; 16:383-393. [PMID: 30846112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have documented improvement in erectile function after bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI) in rats with the use of pioglitazone. Our group determined this improvement to be mediated by the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway. AIM To eliminate the systemic effects of pioglitazone and evaluate the local delivery of IGF-1 by polymeric microspheres after BCNI in the rat. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 10-12 weeks were assigned at random to 3 groups: sham operation with phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-loaded microspheres (sham group), crush injury with PBS-loaded microspheres (crush group), and crush injury with IGF-1-loaded microspheres (IGF-1 group). Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid microspheres were injected underneath the major pelvic ganglion (MPG). IGF-1 was released at approximately 30 ng/mL/day per MPG per rat. OUTCOMES Functional results were demonstrated by maximal intracavernosal pressure (ICP) normalized to mean arterial pressure (MAP). Protein-level analysis data of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) were obtained using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry for both the cavernosal tissue and the MPG and cavernous nerve (CN). RESULTS At 2 weeks after nerve injury, animals treated with IGF-1 demonstrated improved erectile functional recovery (ICP/MAP) at all voltages compared with BCNI (2.5V, P = .001; 5V, P < .001; 7.5V, P < .001). Western blot results revealed that up-regulation of the IGF-1R and ERK-1/2 in both the nervous and erectile tissue was associated with improved erectile function recovery. There were no significant between-group differences in nNOS protein levels in cavernosal tissue, but there was an up-regulation of nNOS in the MPG and CN. Immunohistochemistry confirmed these trends. CLINICAL TRANSLATION Local up-regulation of the IGF-1R in the neurovascular bed at the time of nerve injury may help men preserve erectile function after pelvic surgery, such as radical prostatectomy, eliminating the need for systemic therapy. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS This study demonstrates that local drug delivery to the MPG and CN can affect the CN tissue downstream, but did not investigate the potential effects of up-regulation of the growth factor receptors on prostate cancer tissue. CONCLUSION Stimulating the IGF-1R at the level of the CN has the potential to mitigate erectile dysfunction in men after radical prostatectomy, but further research is needed to evaluate the safety of this growth factor in the setting of prostate cancer. Haney NM, Talwar S, Akula PK, et al. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1-Loaded Polymeric Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic) Acid Microspheres Improved Erectile Function in a Rat Model of Bilateral Cavernous Nerve Injury. J Sex Med 2019;16:383-393.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora M Haney
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sudha Talwar
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Prasad K Akula
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amit G Reddy
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Geoffroy Sanga Pema
- Department of Natural Sciences, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Thien V Ninh
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bashir M Rezk
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Natural Sciences, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mostafa T Bouljihad
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Suresh C Sikka
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Vijay John
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Asim B Abdel-Mageed
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wayne J G Hellstrom
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Chen L, Ahmed AMQ, Deng Y, Cao D, Du H, Cui J, Lee BJ, Cao Q. Novel triptorelin acetate-loaded microspheres prepared by a liquid/oil/oil method with high encapsulation efficiency and low initial burst release. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Qiao X, Yang Y, Huang R, Shi X, Chen H, Wang J, Chen Y, Tan Y, Tan Z. E-Jet 3D-Printed Scaffolds as Sustained Multi-Drug Delivery Vehicles in Breast Cancer Therapy. Pharm Res 2019; 36:182. [PMID: 31741089 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Combination chemotherapy is gradually receiving more attention because of its potential synergistic effect and reduced drug doses in clinical application. However, how to precisely control drug release dose and time using vehicles remains a challenge. This work developed an efficient drug delivery system to combat breast cancer, which can enhance drug effects despite reducing its concentration. METHODS Controlled-release poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds were fabricated by E-jet 3D printing to deliver doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin (CDDP) simultaneously. RESULTS This drug delivery system allowed the use of a reduced drug dosage resulting in a better effect on the human breast cancer cell apoptosis and inhibiting tumor growth, compared with the effect of each drug and the two drugs administrated without PLGA scaffolds. Our study suggested that DOX-CDDP-PLGA scaffolds could efficiently destroy MDA-MB-231 cells and restrain tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS The 3D printed PLGA scaffolds with their time-programmed drug release might be useful as a new multi-drug delivery vehicle in cancer therapy, which has a potential advantage in a long term tumor cure and prevention of tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Qiao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Yikun Yang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Ruiying Huang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Xuelei Shi
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Haoxiang Chen
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Yanxiang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Yongjun Tan
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Zhikai Tan
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China. .,Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
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E-jet 3D printed drug delivery implants to inhibit growth and metastasis of orthotopic breast cancer. Biomaterials 2019; 230:119618. [PMID: 31757530 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug-loaded implants have attracted considerable attention in cancer treatment due to their precise delivery of drugs into cancer tissues. Contrary to injected drug delivery, the application of drug-loaded implants remains underutilized given the requirement for a surgical operation. Nevertheless, drug-loaded implants have several advantages, including a reduction in frequency of drug administration, minimal systemic toxicity, and increased delivery efficacy. Herein, we developed a new, precise, drug delivery device for orthotopic breast cancer therapy able to suppress breast tumor growth and reduce pulmonary metastasis using combination chemotherapy. Poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid scaffolds were fabricated by 3D printing to immobilize 5-fluorouracil and NVP-BEZ235. The implantable scaffolds significantly reduced the required drug dosages and ensured curative drug levels near tumor sites for prolonged period, while drug exposure to normal tissues was minimized. Moreover, long-term drug release was achieved, potentially allowing one-off implantation and, thus, a major reduction in the frequency of drug administration. This drug-loaded scaffold has great potential in anti-tumor treatment, possibly paving the way for precise, effective, and harmless cancer therapy.
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Andhariya JV, Jog R, Shen J, Choi S, Wang Y, Zou Y, Burgess DJ. Development of Level A in vitro-in vivo correlations for peptide loaded PLGA microspheres. J Control Release 2019; 308:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Often neglected: PLGA/PLA swelling orchestrates drug release: HME implants. J Control Release 2019; 306:97-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Qi P, Bu R, Zhang H, Yin J, Chen J, Zhang A, Gou J, Yin T, Zhang Y, He H, Wang P, Tang X, Wang Y. Goserelin Acetate Loaded Poloxamer Hydrogel in PLGA Microspheres: Core–Shell Di-Depot Intramuscular Sustained Release Delivery System. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3502-3513. [PMID: 31251642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Puxiu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
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Fang Y, Zhang N, Li Q, Chen J, Xiong S, Pan W. Characterizing the release mechanism of donepezil-loaded PLGA microspheres in vitro and in vivo. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Park K, Skidmore S, Hadar J, Garner J, Park H, Otte A, Soh BK, Yoon G, Yu D, Yun Y, Lee BK, Jiang X, Wang Y. Injectable, long-acting PLGA formulations: Analyzing PLGA and understanding microparticle formation. J Control Release 2019; 304:125-134. [PMID: 31071374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Injectable, long-acting depot formulations based on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) have been used clinically since 1989. Despite 30 years of development, however, there are only 19 different drugs in PLGA formulations approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The difficulty in developing depot formulations stems in large part from the lack of a clear molecular understanding of PLGA polymers and a mechanistic understanding of PLGA microparticles formation. The difficulty is readily apparent by the absence of approved PLGA-based generic products, limiting access to affordable medicines to all patients. PLGA has been traditionally characterized by its molecular weight, lactide:glycolide (L:G) ratio, and end group. Characterization of non-linear PLGA, such as star-shaped glucose-PLGA, has been difficult due to the shortcomings in analytical methods typically used for PLGA. In addition, separation of a mixture of different PLGAs has not been previously identified, especially when only their L:G ratios are different while the molecular weights are the same. New analytical methods were developed to determine the branch number of star-shaped PLGAs, and to separate PLGAs based on L:G ratios regardless of the molecular weight. A deeper understanding of complex PLGA formulations can be achieved with these new characterization methods. Such methods are important for further development of not only PLGA depot formulations with controllable drug release kinetics, but also generic formulations of current brand-name products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinam Park
- Purdue University, Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Akina, Inc., 3495 Kent Avenue, Suite A200, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
| | - Sarah Skidmore
- Akina, Inc., 3495 Kent Avenue, Suite A200, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Justin Hadar
- Akina, Inc., 3495 Kent Avenue, Suite A200, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - John Garner
- Akina, Inc., 3495 Kent Avenue, Suite A200, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Haesun Park
- Akina, Inc., 3495 Kent Avenue, Suite A200, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Andrew Otte
- Purdue University, Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Bong Kwan Soh
- Purdue University, Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Gwangheum Yoon
- Purdue University, Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Dijia Yu
- Purdue University, Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yeonhee Yun
- Purdue University, Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Byung Kook Lee
- Purdue University, Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xiaohui Jiang
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Generic Drugs, Office of Research and Standards, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Generic Drugs, Office of Research and Standards, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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Biocompatibility, biodegradation and biomedical applications of poly(lactic acid)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) micro and nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-019-00439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Development of composite PLGA microspheres containing exenatide-encapsulated lecithin nanoparticles for sustained drug release. Asian J Pharm Sci 2019; 15:347-355. [PMID: 32636952 PMCID: PMC7327764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PLGA microspheres based on exenatide encapsulated in nanoparticles were developed. Ex-NPs-PLGA-Ms was prepared by modified S/O/W method with a low initial burst. Ex-NPs-PLGA-Ms achieved zero-order controlled release. S/O/W method could preserve the bioactivity of exenatide without cytotoxicity.
This study aimed to prepare poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres (PLGA-Ms) by a modified solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) multi-emulsion technique in order to achieve sustained release with reduced initial burst and maintain efficient drug concentration for a prolonged period of time. Composite PLGA microspheres containing exenatide-encapsulated lecithin nanoparticles (Ex-NPs-PLGA-Ms) were obtained by initial fabrication of exenatide-loaded lecithin nanoparticles (Ex-NPs) via the alcohol injection method, followed by encapsulation of Ex-NPs into PLGA microspheres. Compared to Ms prepared by the conventional water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) technique (Ex-PLGA-Ms), Ex-NPs-PLGA-Ms showed a more uniform particle size distribution, reduced initial burst release, and sustained release for over 60 d in vitro. Cytotoxicity studies showed that Ms prepared by both techniques had superior biocompatibility without causing any detectable cytotoxicity. In pharmacokinetic studies, the effective drug concentration was maintained for over 30 d following a single subcutaneous injection of two types of Ms formulation in rats, potentially prolonging the therapeutic action of Ex. In addition, administration of Ex-NPs-PLGA-Ms resulted in a more smooth plasma concentration-time profile with a higher area under the curve (AUC) compared to that of Ex-PLGA-Ms. Overall, Ex-NPs-PLGA-Ms prepared by the novel S/O/W method could be a promising sustained drug release system with reduced initial burst release and prolonged therapeutic efficacy.
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Guo N, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Yang H. Separation and identification of acylated leuprorelin inside PLGA microspheres. Int J Pharm 2019; 560:273-281. [PMID: 30731258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that the N-terminus and lysine side residue of peptides are prone to acylation in poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres. Peptides such as leuprorelin lack a free N-terminus or lysine and only contain serine, arginine, and tyrosine as nucleophilic residues. The purpose of this study was to detect potential acylation impurities and determine their corresponding acylation sites in commercial leuprorelin-loaded PLGA microspheres. Commercial samples from three vendors were selected as targets for our study. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) conditions of the European Pharmacopoeia were used to separate and collect impurities. HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was applied to confirm both the structure and acylation sites of the impurities. Our study demonstrated that impurities originating from both degradation of microspheres and synthesis of leuprorelin were well separated and identified using these HPLC conditions. HPLC-MS/MS analysis of acylated leuprorelin showed that diglycoyl, lactoyl-glycoyl, dilactoyl, and monolactoyl groups were conjugated to serine in leuprorelin-loaded PLGA microspheres. This is the first report showing serine to be the acylation site in peptide-loaded PLGA microspheres. Separation and identification of acylated leuprorelin derivatives will assist in minimising acylation and guiding the development of quality control for commercial leuprorelin-loaded PLGA microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningzi Guo
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31, Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Genova Biotechnology Corporation, No. 7, Hanshan Road, Xinbei District, Changzhou 213125, China
| | - Yue Sun
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31, Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Huaxin Yang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31, Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, China.
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Zhu C, Peng T, Huang D, Feng D, Wang X, Pan X, Tan W, Wu C. Formation Mechanism, In vitro and In vivo Evaluation of Dimpled Exenatide Loaded PLGA Microparticles Prepared by Ultra-Fine Particle Processing System. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:64. [PMID: 30627822 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spherical poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles (PLGA-MPs) have long been investigated in order to achieve sustained delivery of proteins/peptides. However, the formation mechanism and release characteristics of the specific shape MPs were still unknown. This study aimed to develop a novel-dimpled exenatide-loaded PLGA-MPs (Exe-PLGA-MPs) using an ultra-fine particle processing system (UPPS) and investigate the formation mechanism and release characteristics. Exe-PLGA-MPs were prepared by UPPS and optimized based on their initial burst within the first 24 h and drug release profiles. Physicochemical properties of Exe-PLGA-MPs, including morphology, particle size, and structural integrity of Exe extracted from Exe-PLGA-MPs, were evaluated. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic studies of the optimal formulation were conducted in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to establish in vitro-in vivo correlations (IVIVC) of drug release. Exe-PLGA-MPs with dimpled shapes and uniform particle sizes achieved a high encapsulation efficiency (EE%, 91.50 ± 2.65%) and sustained drug release for 2 months in vitro with reduced initial burst (20.42 ± 1.64%). Moreover, the pharmacokinetic studies revealed that effective drug concentration could be maintained for 3 weeks following a single injection of dimpled Exe-PLGA-MPs with high IVIVC. Dimpled PLGA-MPs prepared using the UPPS technique could thus have great potential for sustained delivery of macromolecular proteins/peptides.
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Zhang H, Pu C, Wang Q, Tan X, Gou J, He H, Zhang Y, Yin T, Wang Y, Tang X. Physicochemical Characterization and Pharmacokinetics of Agomelatine-Loaded PLGA Microspheres for Intramuscular Injection. Pharm Res 2018; 36:9. [PMID: 30411255 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to design agomelatine loaded long acting injectable microspheres, with an eventual goal of reducing the frequency of administration and improving patient compliance in treatment of depression. METHODS AGM-loaded microspheres were prepared by an O/W emulsion solvent evaporation method. The physicochemical properties and in vitro performance of the microspheres were characterized. The pharmacokinetics of different formulations with various particle sizes and drug loadings were evaluated. RESULTS AGM-loaded microspheres with drug loading of 23.7% and particle size of 60.2 μm were obtained. The in vitro release profiles showed a small initial burst release (7.36%) followed by a fast release, a period of lag time and a second accelerated release. Pore formation and pore closure were observed in vitro, indicating that the release of drug from microspheres is dominated by water-filled pores. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that AGM microspheres could release up to 30 days in vivo at a steady plasma concentration. As well, particle size and drug loading could significantly influence the in vivo release of AGM microspheres. CONCLUSIONS AGM-loaded microspheres are a promising carrier for the treatment of major depressant disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chenguang Pu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xinyi Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Haibing He
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yanjiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Xing Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
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Zhou J, Hirota K, Ackermann R, Walker J, Wang Y, Choi S, Schwendeman A, Schwendeman SP. Reverse Engineering the 1-Month Lupron Depot®. AAPS J 2018; 20:105. [PMID: 30280294 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The 1-month Lupron Depot® (LD) encapsulating water-soluble leuprolide in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres is a benchmark product upon which modern long-acting release products are often compared. Despite expiration of patent coverage, no generic product for the LD has been approved in the USA, likely due to the complexity of components and manufacturing processes involved in the product. Here, we describe the reverse engineering of the LD composition and important product attributes. Specific attributes analyzed for microspheres were as follows: leuprolide content by three methods; gelatin content, type, and molecular weight distribution; PLGA content, lactic acid/glycolic acid ratio, and molecular weight distribution; mannitol content; in vitro drug release; residual solvent and moisture content; particle size distribution and morphology; and glass transition temperature. For the diluent, composition, viscosity, and specific gravity were analyzed. Analyzed contents of the formulation and the determined PLGA characteristics matched well with the official numbers stated in the package insert and those found in literature, respectively. The gelatin was identified as type B consistent with ~ 300 bloom. The 11-μm volume-median microspheres in the LD slowly released the drug in vitro in a zero-order manner after ~ 23% initial burst release. Very low content of residual moisture (< 0.5%) and methylene chloride (< 1 ppm) in the product indicates in-water drying is capable of removing solvents to extremely low levels during manufacturing. The rigorous approach of reverse engineering described here may be useful for development of generic leuprolide-PLGA microspheres as well as other new and generic PLGA microsphere formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Keiji Hirota
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Production Engineering Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1, Ukima, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-8543, Japan
| | - Rose Ackermann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer Walker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Office of Generic Drugs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Stephanie Choi
- Office of Generic Drugs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Steven P Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
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Bode C, Kranz H, Siepmann F, Siepmann J. In-situ forming PLGA implants for intraocular dexamethasone delivery. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:337-348. [PMID: 29981408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Different types of in-situ forming implants based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP) were prepared for controlled ocular delivery of dexamethasone. The impact of the volume of the release medium, initial drug content, polymer molecular weight and PLGA concentration on the resulting drug release kinetics were studied and explained based on a thorough physico-chemical characterization of the systems. This included for instance the monitoring of dynamic changes in the implants' wet and dry mass, morphology, PLGA polymer molecular weight, pH of the surrounding bulk fluid and water/NMP contents upon exposure to phosphate buffer pH 7.4. Importantly, the systems can be expected to be rather robust with respect to variations in the vitreous humor volumes encountered in vivo. Interestingly, limited drug solubility effects within the implants as well as in the surrounding aqueous medium play an important role for the control of drug release at a drug loading of only 7.5%. Furthermore, the polymer molecular weight and PLGA concentration in the liquid formulations are decisive for how the polymer precipitates during solvent exchange and for the swelling behavior of the systems. These features determine the resulting inner system structure and the conditions for mass transport. Consequently, they affect the degradation and drug release of the in-situ formed implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bode
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, 59000 Lille, France
| | - H Kranz
- Bayer AG, Muellerstraße 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Siepmann
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, 59000 Lille, France
| | - J Siepmann
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, 59000 Lille, France.
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Lin X, Yang H, Su L, Yang Z, Tang X. Effect of size on the in vitro / in vivo drug release and degradation of exenatide-loaded PLGA microspheres. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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