1
|
Qi B, Li Y, Zhao J, Zhang J, Zhang X, Chen G, Yang Z. Regulating Bacterial Culture through Tailored Silk Inverse Opal Scaffolds. Macromol Biosci 2024:e2400238. [PMID: 38843881 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the growth of microbial consortia is of great significance in the biomedical field. Selective bacterial growth is achieved by fabricating silk inverse opal (SIO) scaffolds with varying pore sizes ranging from 0.3 to 4.5 µm. Pore size significantly influences the growth dynamics of bacteria in both single and mixed-strain cultures. Specially, the SIO-4.5 µm scaffold is observed to be more favorable for cultivating S. aureus, whereas the SIO-0.3 µm scaffold is more suitable for cultivating E. coli and P. aeruginosa. By adjusting the secondary conformation of silk fibroin, the stiffness of the SIO substrate will be altered, which results in the increase of bacteria on the SIO by 16 times compared with that on the silk fibroin film. Manipulating the pore size allows for the adjustment of the S. aureus to P. aeruginosa ratio from 0.8 to 9.3, highlighting the potential of this approach in regulating bacterial culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Qi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Frontier Material Physics and Devices, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yitan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Junyan Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jiapeng Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Frontier Material Physics and Devices, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Frontier Material Physics and Devices, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Frontier Material Physics and Devices, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang L, Yu L. The role of the microscopic world: Exploring the role and potential of intratumoral microbiota in cancer immunotherapy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38078. [PMID: 38758914 PMCID: PMC11098217 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, coexist in the human body, forming a symbiotic microbiota that plays a vital role in human health and disease. Intratumoral microbial components have been discovered in various tumor tissues and are closely linked to the occurrence, progression, and treatment results of cancer. The intratumoral microbiota can enhance antitumor immunity through mechanisms such as activating the stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathway, stimulating T and NK cells, promoting the formation of TLS, and facilitating antigen presentation. Conversely, the intratumoral microbiota might suppress antitumor immune responses by increasing reactive oxygen species levels, creating an anti-inflammatory environment, inducing T cell inactivation, and enhancing immune suppression, thereby promoting cancer progression. The impact of intratumoral microbiota on antitumor immunity varies based on microbial composition, interactions with cancer cells, and the cancer's current state. A deep understanding of the complex interactions between intratumoral microbiota and antitumor immunity holds the potential to bring new therapeutic strategies and targets to cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang City, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Wang P, Wang J, Wei X, Wang M. Unveiling intratumoral microbiota: An emerging force for colorectal cancer diagnosis and therapy. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107185. [PMID: 38615875 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Microbes, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other eukaryotic organisms, are commonly present in multiple organs of the human body and contribute significantly to both physiological and pathological processes. Nowadays, the development of sequencing technology has revealed the presence and composition of the intratumoral microbiota, which includes Fusobacterium, Bifidobacteria, and Bacteroides, and has shed light on the significant involvement in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we summarized the current understanding of the intratumoral microbiota in CRC and outline the potential translational and clinical applications in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CRC. We focused on reviewing the development of microbial therapies targeting the intratumoral microbiota to improve the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy and immunotherapy for CRC and to identify biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. Finally, we emphasized the obstacles and potential solutions to translating the knowledge of the intratumoral microbiota into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Zhang
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Penghui Wang
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Mengchuan Wang
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo P, Wang S, Yue H, Zhang X, Ma G, Li X, Wei W. Advancement of Engineered Bacteria for Orally Delivered Therapeutics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302702. [PMID: 37537714 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of bacteria and their biotic components as therapeutics has shown great potential in the treatment of diseases. Orally delivered bacteria improve patient compliance compared with injection-administered bacteria and are considered the preferred mode. However, due to the harsh gastrointestinal environment, the viability and therapeutic efficacy of orally delivered bacteria are significantly reduced in vivo. In recent years, with the rapid development of synthetic biology and nanotechnology, bacteria and biotic components have been engineered to achieve directed genetic reprogramming for construction and precise spatiotemporal control in the gastrointestinal tract, which can improve viability and therapeutic efficiency. Herein, a state-of-the-art review on the current progress of engineered bacterial systems for oral delivery is provided. The different types of bacterial and biotic components for oral administration are first summarized. The engineering strategies of these bacteria and biotic components and their treatment of diseases are next systematically summarized. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of these bacterial therapeutics are highlighted that will contribute to the development of next-generation orally delivered bacteriotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Little A, Tangney M, Tunney MM, Buckley NE. Fusobacterium nucleatum: a novel immune modulator in breast cancer? Expert Rev Mol Med 2023; 25:e15. [PMID: 37009688 PMCID: PMC10407221 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide in 2020. Greater understanding of the factors which promote tumour progression, metastatic development and therapeutic resistance is needed. In recent years, a distinct microbiome has been detected in the breast, a site previously thought to be sterile. Here, we review the clinical and molecular relevance of the oral anaerobic bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum in breast cancer. F. nucleatum is enriched in breast tumour tissue compared with matched healthy tissue and has been shown to promote mammary tumour growth and metastatic progression in mouse models. Current literature suggests that F. nucleatum modulates immune escape and inflammation within the tissue microenvironment, two well-defined hallmarks of cancer. Furthermore, the microbiome, and F. nucleatum specifically, has been shown to affect patient response to therapy including immune checkpoint inhibitors. These findings highlight areas of future research needed to better understand the influence of F. nucleatum in the development and treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Little
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Mark Tangney
- Cancer Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael M. Tunney
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Niamh E. Buckley
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Intratumoral microbiota: roles in cancer initiation, development and therapeutic efficacy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:35. [PMID: 36646684 PMCID: PMC9842669 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other eukaryotes, play critical roles in human health. An altered microbiome can be associated with complex diseases. Intratumoral microbial components are found in multiple tumor tissues and are closely correlated with cancer initiation and development and therapy efficacy. The intratumoral microbiota may contribute to promotion of the initiation and progression of cancers by DNA mutations, activating carcinogenic pathways, promoting chronic inflammation, complement system, and initiating metastasis. Moreover, the intratumoral microbiota may not only enhance antitumor immunity via mechanisms including STING signaling activation, T and NK cell activation, TLS production, and intratumoral microbiota-derived antigen presenting, but also decrease antitumor immune responses and promote cancer progression through pathways including upregulation of ROS, promoting an anti-inflammatory environment, T cell inactivation, and immunosuppression. The effect of intratumoral microbiota on antitumor immunity is dependent on microbiota composition, crosstalk between microbiota and the cancer, and status of cancers. The intratumoral microbiota may regulate cancer cell physiology and the immune response by different signaling pathways, including ROS, β-catenin, TLR, ERK, NF-κB, and STING, among others. These viewpoints may help identify the microbiota as diagnosis or prognosis evaluation of cancers, and as new therapeutic strategy and potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ding M, Lin J, Qin C, Wei P, Tian J, Lin T, Xu T. Application of synthetic biology in bladder cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:2178-2187. [PMID: 36209735 PMCID: PMC9771244 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor of the genitourinary system. The age of individuals diagnosed with BC tends to decrease in recent years. A variety of standard therapeutic options are available for the clinical management of BC, but limitations exist. It is difficult to surgically eliminate small lesions, while radiation and chemotherapy damage normal tissues, leading to severe side effects. Therefore, new approaches are required to improve the efficacy and specificity of BC treatment. Synthetic biology is a field emerging in the last decade that refers to biological elements, devices, and materials that are artificially synthesized according to users' needs. In this review, we discuss how to utilize genetic elements to regulate BC-related gene expression periodically and quantitatively to inhibit the initiation and progression of BC. In addition, the design and construction of gene circuits to distinguish cancer cells from normal cells to kill the former but spare the latter are elaborated. Then, we introduce the development of genetically modified T cells for targeted attacks on BC. Finally, synthetic nanomaterials specializing in detecting and killing BC cells are detailed. This review aims to describe the innovative details of the clinical diagnosis and treatment of BC from the perspective of synthetic biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Ding
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jiaxing Lin
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Caipeng Qin
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiahe Tian
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 528403, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ze Y, Wang R, Deng H, Zhou Z, Chen X, Huang L, Yao Y. Three-dimensional bioprinting: A cutting-edge tool for designing and fabricating engineered living materials. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 140:213053. [PMID: 35964390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The design of engineered living materials (ELMs) is an emerging field developed from synthetic biology and materials science principles. ELMs are multi-scale bulk materials that combine the properties of self-healing and organism adaptability with the designed physicochemical or mechanical properties for functional applications in various fields, including therapy, electronics, and architecture. Among the many ELM design and manufacturing methods, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting stands out for its precise control over the structure of the fabricated constructs and the spatial distribution of cells. In this review, we summarize the progress in the field, cell type and material selection, and the latest applications of 3D bioprinting to manufacture ELMs, as well as their advantages and limitations, hoping to deepen our understanding and provide new insights into ELM design. We believe that 3D bioprinting will become an important development direction and provide more contributions to this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Ze
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanzhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoju Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Z, Fattah A, Timashev P, Zaikin A. An Account of Models of Molecular Circuits for Associative Learning with Reinforcement Effect and Forced Dissociation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5907. [PMID: 35957464 PMCID: PMC9371404 DOI: 10.3390/s22155907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of synthetic biology has enabled massive progress in biotechnology and in approaching research questions from a brand-new perspective. In particular, the design and study of gene regulatory networks in vitro, in vivo, and in silico have played an increasingly indispensable role in understanding and controlling biological phenomena. Among them, it is of great interest to understand how associative learning is formed at the molecular circuit level. Mathematical models are increasingly used to predict the behaviours of molecular circuits. Fernando's model, which is one of the first works in this line of research using the Hill equation, attempted to design a synthetic circuit that mimics Hebbian learning in a neural network architecture. In this article, we carry out indepth computational analysis of the model and demonstrate that the reinforcement effect can be achieved by choosing the proper parameter values. We also construct a novel circuit that can demonstrate forced dissociation, which was not observed in Fernando's model. Our work can be readily used as reference for synthetic biologists who consider implementing circuits of this kind in biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zonglun Li
- Department of Mathematics, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alya Fattah
- Department of Mathematics, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey Zaikin
- Department of Mathematics, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Laboratory of Systems Biology of Aging, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Progress of engineered bacteria for tumor therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114296. [PMID: 35439571 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, with the rapid development of bioengineering technology and nanotechnology, natural bacteria were modified to change their physiological activities and therapeutic functions for improved therapeutic efficiency of diseases. These engineered bacteria were equipped to achieve directed genetic reprogramming, selective functional reorganization and precise spatio-temporal control. In this review, research progress in the basic modification methodologies of engineered bacteria were summarized, and representative researches about their therapeutic performances for tumor treatment were illustrated. Moreover, the strategies for the construction of engineered colonies based on engineering of individual bacteria were summarized, providing innovative ideas for complex functions and efficient anti-tumor treatment. Finally, current limitation and challenges of tumor therapy utilizing engineered bacteria were discussed.
Collapse
|
11
|
Insuasti‐Cruz E, Suárez‐Jaramillo V, Mena Urresta KA, Pila‐Varela KO, Fiallos‐Ayala X, Dahoumane SA, Alexis F. Natural Biomaterials from Biodiversity for Healthcare Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101389. [PMID: 34643331 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural biomaterials originating during the growth cycles of all living organisms have been used for many applications. They span from bioinert to bioactive materials including bioinspired ones. As they exhibit an increasing degree of sophistication, natural biomaterials have proven suitable to address the needs of the healthcare sector. Here the different natural healthcare biomaterials, their biodiversity sources, properties, and promising healthcare applications are reviewed. The variability of their properties as a result of considered species and their habitat is also discussed. Finally, some limitations of natural biomaterials are discussed and possible future developments are provided as more natural biomaterials are yet to be discovered and studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erick Insuasti‐Cruz
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering Yachay Tech University Urcuquí 100119 Ecuador
| | | | | | - Kevin O. Pila‐Varela
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering Yachay Tech University Urcuquí 100119 Ecuador
| | - Xiomira Fiallos‐Ayala
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering Yachay Tech University Urcuquí 100119 Ecuador
| | - Si Amar Dahoumane
- Department of Chemical Engineering Polytech Montreal Montreal Quebec H3C 3A7 Canada
- Center for Advances in Water and Air Quality (CAWAQ) Lamar University Beaumont TX 77710 USA
| | - Frank Alexis
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering Yachay Tech University Urcuquí 100119 Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The intratumoral microbiome: Characterization methods and functional impact. Cancer Lett 2021; 522:63-79. [PMID: 34517085 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Live-pathogenic bacteria, which were identified inside tumors hundreds year ago, are key elements in modern cancer research. As they have a relatively accessible genome, they offer a multitude of metabolic engineering opportunities, useful in several clinical fields. Better understanding of the tumor microenvironment and its associated microbiome would help conceptualize new metabolically engineered species, triggering efficient therapeutic responses against cancer. Unfortunately, given the low microbial biomass nature of tumors, characterizing the tumor microbiome remains a challenge. Tumors have a high host versus bacterial DNA ratio, making it extremely complex to identify tumor-associated bacteria. Nevertheless, with the improvements in next-generation analytic tools, recent studies demonstrated the existence of intratumor bacteria inside defined tumors. It is now proven that each cancer subtype has a unique microbiome, characterized by bacterial communities with specific metabolic functions. This review provides a brief overview of the main approaches used to characterize the tumor microbiome, and of the recently proposed functions of intracellular bacteria identified in oncological entities. The therapeutic aspects of live-pathogenic microbes are also discussed, regarding the tumor microenvironment of each cancer type.
Collapse
|
13
|
Allott EH, Dean K, Robson T, Meaney C. Characterizing and Exploiting Tumor Microenvironments to Optimize Treatment Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225752. [PMID: 34830906 PMCID: PMC8616459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Irish Association for Cancer Research (IACR) held its 57th annual conference from the 24–26 March 2021 in a virtual format due to the ongoing pandemic. This report provides a summary overview of the work presented at the conference, which had a particular focus on the tumor microenvironment. Tumors do not develop and grow in isolation, but rather within the context of their surrounding environment. The work presented at the conference outlined the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and highlighted several ways in which it influences tumor growth and progression. Moreover, the tumor microenvironment was discussed as a potential target for new cancer treatments. Traditionally, laboratory research has focused on the tumor only, but conference speakers highlighted the importance of modeling the surrounding microenvironment to gain a more physiologically relevant view of tumorigenesis. Finally, conference attendees heard from the patient’s perspective regarding the development of novel targeted therapies. Abstract Our understanding of cancer initiation, progression, and treatment is continually progressing through dedicated research achieved through laboratory investigation, clinical trials, and patient engagement. The importance and complexity of the microenvironment and its role in tumor development and behavior is pivotal to the understanding of tumor growth and the best course of treatment. The 57th Irish Association for Cancer Research (IACR) Annual Conference collected key researchers, clinicians, and patient advocates together to highlight and discuss the recognized importance of the microenvironment and treatment advances in cancer. In this article, we describe the key components of the microenvironment that influence tumor development and treatment, including the microbiome, metabolism, and immune response and the progress of preclinical models to reflect these complex environments. From a psycho-social oncology perspective, we highlight expert opinion and data on the process of shared decision-making in the context of emerging cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma H. Allott
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 HD53 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | - Kellie Dean
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Tracy Robson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Claire Meaney
- Department of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, Limerick Institute of Technology, V94 EC5T Limerick, Ireland;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rivera-Tarazona LK, Campbell ZT, Ware TH. Stimuli-responsive engineered living materials. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:785-809. [PMID: 33410841 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01905d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive materials are able to undergo controllable changes in materials properties in response to external cues. Increasing efforts have been directed towards building materials that mimic the responsive nature of biological systems. Nevertheless, limitations remain surrounding the way these synthetic materials interact and respond to their environment. In particular, it is difficult to synthesize synthetic materials that respond with specificity to poorly differentiated (bio)chemical and weak physical stimuli. The emerging area of engineered living materials (ELMs) includes composites that combine living cells and synthetic materials. ELMs have yielded promising advances in the creation of stimuli-responsive materials that respond with diverse outputs in response to a broad array of biochemical and physical stimuli. This review describes advances made in the genetic engineering of the living component and the processing-property relationships of stimuli-responsive ELMs. Finally, the implementation of stimuli-responsive ELMs as environmental sensors, biomedical sensors, drug delivery vehicles, and soft robots is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Rivera-Tarazona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 101 Bizzell Street, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pandurangan S, Murugesan P, Ramudu KN, Krishnaswamy B, Ayyadurai N. Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Sustained Transdermal Delivery of Collagen for Skin Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7540-7549. [PMID: 35019495 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports a method for transporting high molecular weight collagen for skin regeneration. An independent engineered enzymatic vehicle that has the ability for efficient transdermal delivery of regenerative biomaterial was developed for tissue regeneration. Collagen has been well recognized as a skin regeneration molecule due to its interaction with the extracellular matrix to stimulate skin cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. However, the transdermal delivery of collagen poses a significant challenge due to its high molecular weight as well as a lack of efficient approaches. Here, to improve the transdermal delivery efficiency, α-1,4-glycosidic hydrolase was engineered with genetically encoded 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, which enhanced its biological activity as revealed by microscale thermophoresis. The remodeled catalytic pocket resulted in enhanced substrate binding activity of the enzyme with a predominant glycosaminoglycan (chondroitin sulfate) present in the extracellular matrix of the skin. The engineered enzyme rapidly opened up the skin extracellular matrix fiber (15 min) to ferry collagen across the wall, without disturbing the cellular bundle architecture. Confocal microscopy indicated that macromolecules had diffused three times deeper into the engineered enzyme-treated skin than the native enzyme-treated skin. Gene expression, histopathology, and hematology analysis also supported the penetration of macromolecules. Cytotoxicity (mammalian cell culture) and in vivo (Caenorhabditis elegans and Rattus noryegicus) studies revealed that the congener enzyme could potentially be used as a penetration enhancer, which is of paramount importance for the multimillion cosmetic industries. Hence, it offers promise as a pharmaceutical enzyme for transdermal delivery bioenhancement and dermatological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suryalakshmi Pandurangan
- Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Central Leather Research Institute Campus, Chennai 600 020, India
| | | | - Kamini Numbi Ramudu
- Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Central Leather Research Institute Campus, Chennai 600 020, India
| | | | - Niraikulam Ayyadurai
- Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Central Leather Research Institute Campus, Chennai 600 020, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cortés A, Rooney J, Bartley DJ, Nisbet AJ, Cantacessi C. Helminths, hosts, and their microbiota: new avenues for managing gastrointestinal helminthiases in ruminants. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 18:977-985. [PMID: 32530331 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1782188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence is emerging of complex interactions occurring between gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of ruminants and the resident gut flora, with likely implications for the pathophysiology of worm infection and disease. Similarly, recent data point toward the occurrence of a GI nematode (GIN)-specific microbiota, with potential roles in worm fundamental physiology and reproduction. Parasite-microbiota relationships might represent potential targets for the development of novel parasiticides. AREAS COVERED In this article, we review current knowledge of the role(s) that host- and helminth-associated microbiota play in ruminant host-parasite relationships, and outline potential avenues for the control of GIN of farmed ruminants via the manipulation of resident microbial species with putative functions in infection establishment, host-immune modulation, and/or parasite fitness and survival. EXPERT OPINION In order for this knowledge to be translated into practical applications, we argue that several aspects of the nematode-microbiota cross-talk must be addressed, including (i) the causality of interactions between the parasite, the gut microbiota, and the host immune system, (ii) the modes of action of dietary prebiotics and probiotics, (iii) the mechanisms by which diet supplementation aids the development of resistance/tolerance to GI helminth infections and (iv) the composition of the GIN microbiome and its role(s) in parasite biology and physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cortés
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasotologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València , València, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
| | - James Rooney
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Walker SP, Tangney M, Claesson MJ. Sequence-Based Characterization of Intratumoral Bacteria-A Guide to Best Practice. Front Oncol 2020; 10:179. [PMID: 32154174 PMCID: PMC7046755 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are hospitable environments to bacteria and several recent studies on cancer patient samples have introduced the concept of an endogenous tumor microbiome. For a variety of reasons, this putative tumor microbiome is particularly challenging to investigate, and a failure to account for the various potential pitfalls will result in erroneous results and claims. Before this potentially extremely medically-significant habitat can be accurately characterized, a clear understanding of all potential confounding factors is required, and a best-practice approach should be developed and adopted. This review summarizes all of the potential issues confounding accurate bacterial DNA sequence analysis of the putative tumor microbiome, and offers solutions based on related research with the hope of assisting in the progression of research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidney P Walker
- Cancer Research at UCC, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- SynBioCentre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mark Tangney
- Cancer Research at UCC, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- SynBioCentre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcus J Claesson
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang F, Zhang X, Chen G, Zhao Y. Living Bacterial Microneedles for Fungal Infection Treatment. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:2760594. [PMID: 33623902 PMCID: PMC7877375 DOI: 10.34133/2020/2760594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections are everlasting health challenges all over the world, bringing about great financial and medical burdens. Here, inspired by the natural competition law of beneficial bacteria against other microbes, we present novel living microneedles (LMNs) with functionalized bacteria encapsulation for efficient fungal infection treatment. The chosen beneficial bacterial components, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), which are naturally found on the human skin and widely used for food processing, can get nutrients from the skin and escape from the immune system with the help of microneedles. Besides, the encapsulated B. subtilis can continuously produce and secrete various potential antifungal agents which can directly bind to fungal cell surface-associated proteins and destruct the cell membranes, thus avoiding drug resistance. After immobilization in the LMNs, the bacteria can stay within the LMNs without invasion and the encapsulated bacteria together with microneedles can be removed after application. Thus, the side effects, especially the risk for subsequent bacterial infections, are controlled to a minimum to ensure security. In addition, strong penetrability of the microneedles enhances penetration of antifungal agents, and their heights can be adjusted according to the infected depth to acquire better therapeutic effects. These features make the LMNs potentially valuable for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Wang
- Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Guopu Chen
- Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yallapragada VVB, Gowda U, Wong D, O’Faolain L, Tangney M, Devarapu GCR. ODX: A Fitness Tracker-Based Device for Continuous Bacterial Growth Monitoring. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12329-12335. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata V. B. Yallapragada
- Cancer Research@UCC, University College Cork, Cork T12 XF62, Ireland
- SynBioCentre, University College Cork, Cork T12 XF62, Ireland
| | - Uday Gowda
- Centre for Advanced Photonics and Process Analysis, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork T12 P928, Ireland
- Tyndall National Institute, Cork T12 R5CP, Ireland
| | - David Wong
- Cancer Research@UCC, University College Cork, Cork T12 XF62, Ireland
| | - Liam O’Faolain
- Centre for Advanced Photonics and Process Analysis, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork T12 P928, Ireland
- Tyndall National Institute, Cork T12 R5CP, Ireland
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics & Astronomy, St Andrews KY16 9SS, U.K
| | - Mark Tangney
- Cancer Research@UCC, University College Cork, Cork T12 XF62, Ireland
- SynBioCentre, University College Cork, Cork T12 XF62, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 XF62, Ireland
| | - Ganga C. R. Devarapu
- Centre for Advanced Photonics and Process Analysis, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork T12 P928, Ireland
- Tyndall National Institute, Cork T12 R5CP, Ireland
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics & Astronomy, St Andrews KY16 9SS, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Moos WH, Faller DV, Glavas IP, Harpp DN, Kanara I, Pinkert CA, Powers WR, Sampani K, Steliou K, Vavvas DG, Kodukula K, Zamboni RJ. Epigenetic treatment of dermatologic disorders. Drug Dev Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter H. Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of PharmacyUniversity of California, San Francisco San Francisco California
- ShangPharma Innovation Inc. South San Francisco California
| | - Douglas V. Faller
- Department of MedicineBoston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts
- Cancer Research CenterBoston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts
| | - Ioannis P. Glavas
- Department of OphthalmologyNew York University School of Medicine New York City New York
| | - David N. Harpp
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Carl A. Pinkert
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn University Auburn Alabama
| | - Whitney R. Powers
- Department of Health SciencesBoston University Boston Massachusetts
- Department of AnatomyBoston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts
| | - Konstantina Sampani
- Beetham Eye InstituteJoslin Diabetes Center Boston Massachusetts
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research CenterBoston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts
- PhenoMatriX, Inc. Natick Massachusetts
| | - Demetrios G. Vavvas
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis LaboratoryMassachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Boston Massachusetts
- Department of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Krishna Kodukula
- ShangPharma Innovation Inc. South San Francisco California
- PhenoMatriX, Inc. Natick Massachusetts
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rabinowitch I. What would a synthetic connectome look like? Phys Life Rev 2019; 33:1-15. [PMID: 31296448 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge of contemporary neuroscience is to unravel the structure of the connectome, the ensemble of neural connections that link between different functional units of the brain, and to reveal how this structure relates to brain function. This thriving area of research largely follows the general tradition in biology of reverse-engineering, which consists of first observing and characterizing a biological system or process, and then deconstructing it into its fundamental building blocks in order to infer its modes of operation. However, a complementary form of biology has emerged, synthetic biology, which emphasizes construction-based forward-engineering. The synthetic biology approach comprises the assembly of new biological systems out of elementary biological parts. The rationale is that the act of building a system can be a powerful method for gaining deep understanding of how that system works. As the fields of connectomics and synthetic biology are independently growing, I propose to consider the benefits of combining the two, to create synthetic connectomics, a new form of neuroscience and a new form of synthetic biology. The goal of synthetic connectomics would be to artificially design and construct the connectomes of live behaving organisms. Synthetic connectomics could serve as a unifying platform for unraveling the complexities of brain operation and perhaps also for generating new forms of artificial life, and, in general, could provide a valuable opportunity for empirically exploring theoretical predictions about network function. What would a synthetic connectome look like? What purposes would it serve? How could it be constructed? This review delineates the novel notion of a synthetic connectome and aims to lay out the initial steps towards its implementation, contemplating its impact on science and society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ithai Rabinowitch
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC - Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem Campus, Jerusalem, 9112002, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hogan G, Walker S, Turnbull F, Curiao T, Morrison AA, Flores Y, Andrews L, Claesson MJ, Tangney M, Bartley DJ. Microbiome analysis as a platform R&D tool for parasitic nematode disease management. ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:2664-2680. [PMID: 31239540 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between bacterial communities and their host is being extensively investigated for the potential to improve the host's health. Little is known about the interplay between the microbiota of parasites and the health of the infected host. Using nematode co-infection of lambs as a proof-of-concept model, the aim of this study was to characterise the microbiomes of nematodes and that of their host, enabling identification of candidate nematode-specific microbiota member(s) that could be exploited as drug development tools or for targeted therapy. Deep sequencing techniques were used to elucidate the microbiomes of different life stages of two parasitic nematodes of ruminants, Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta, as well as that of the co-infected ovine hosts, pre- and post infection. Bioinformatic analyses demonstrated significant differences between the composition of the nematode and ovine microbiomes. The two nematode species also differed significantly. The data indicated a shift in the constitution of the larval nematode microbiome after exposure to the ovine microbiome, and in the ovine intestinal microbial community over time as a result of helminth co-infection. Several bacterial species were identified in nematodes that were absent from their surrounding abomasal environment, the most significant of which included Escherichia coli/Shigella. The ability to purposefully infect nematode species with engineered E. coli was demonstrated in vitro, validating the concept of using this bacterium as a nematode-specific drug development tool and/or drug delivery vehicle. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the concept of exploiting a parasite's microbiome for drug development and treatment purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Hogan
- SynBioCentre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Cancer Research@UCC, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sidney Walker
- SynBioCentre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Cancer Research@UCC, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Frank Turnbull
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Tania Curiao
- SynBioCentre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Cancer Research@UCC, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alison A Morrison
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Yensi Flores
- SynBioCentre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Cancer Research@UCC, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Leigh Andrews
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Marcus J Claesson
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mark Tangney
- SynBioCentre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,Cancer Research@UCC, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Dave J Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dyer A, Baugh R, Chia SL, Frost S, Iris, Jacobus EJ, Khalique H, Pokrovska TD, Scott EM, Taverner WK, Seymour LW, Lei J. Turning cold tumours hot: oncolytic virotherapy gets up close and personal with other therapeutics at the 11th Oncolytic Virus Conference. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 26:59-73. [PMID: 30177818 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-018-0042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The 11th International Oncolytic Virus Conference (IOVC) was held from April 9-12, 2018 in Oxford, UK. This is part of the high-profile academic-led series of meetings that was started back in 2002 by Steve Russell and John Bell, with most of the previous meetings being held in North America (often in Banff). The conference brought together many of the major players in oncolytic virotherapy from all over the world, addressing all stages of research and development-from aspects of basic science and cellular immunology all the way through to early- and late-phase clinical trials. The meeting welcomed 352 delegates from 24 countries. The top seven delegate countries, namely, the UK, US, Canada, The Netherlands, Germany, Japan and South Korea, contributed 291 delegates while smaller numbers coming from Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, China, Finland, France, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Malaysia, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Academics comprised about half of the attendees, industry 30% and students 20%. The next IOVC is scheduled to be held on Vancouver Island in autumn 2019. Here we share brief summaries of the oral presentations from invited speakers and proffered papers in the different subtopics presented at IOVC 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Dyer
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Richard Baugh
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Suet Lin Chia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sally Frost
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Iris
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Egon J Jacobus
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Hena Khalique
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Tzveta D Pokrovska
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Eleanor M Scott
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - William K Taverner
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Len W Seymour
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Janet Lei
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sankaran S, Becker J, Wittmann C, Del Campo A. Optoregulated Drug Release from an Engineered Living Material: Self-Replenishing Drug Depots for Long-Term, Light-Regulated Delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804717. [PMID: 30589209 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
On-demand and long-term delivery of drugs are common requirements in many therapeutic applications, not easy to be solved with available smart polymers for drug encapsulation. This work presents a fundamentally different concept to address such scenarios using a self-replenishing and optogenetically controlled living material. It consists of a hydrogel containing an active endotoxin-free Escherichia coli strain. The bacteria are metabolically and optogenetically engineered to secrete the antimicrobial and antitumoral drug deoxyviolacein in a light-regulated manner. The permeable hydrogel matrix sustains a viable and functional bacterial population and permits diffusion and delivery of the synthesized drug to the surrounding medium at quantities regulated by light dose. Using a focused light beam, the site for synthesis and delivery of the drug can be freely defined. The living material is shown to maintain considerable levels of drug production and release for at least 42 days. These results prove the potential and flexibility that living materials containing engineered bacteria can offer for advanced therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith Becker
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christoph Wittmann
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Aránzazu Del Campo
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sankaran S, Del Campo A. Optoregulated Protein Release from an Engineered Living Material. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 3:e1800312. [PMID: 32627372 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Developing materials to encapsulate and deliver functional proteins inside the body is a challenging yet rewarding task for therapeutic purposes. High production costs, mostly associated with the purification process, short-term stability in vivo, and controlled and prolonged release are major hurdles for the clinical application of protein-based biopharmaceuticals. In an attempt to overcome these hurdles, herein, the possibility of incorporating bacteria as protein factories into a material and externally controlling protein release using optogenetics is demonstrated. By engineering bacteria to express and secrete a red fluorescent protein in response to low doses of blue light irradiation and embedding them in agarose hydrogels, living materials are fabricated capable of releasing proteins into the surrounding medium when exposed to light. These bacterial hydrogels allow spatially confined protein expression and dosed protein release over several weeks, regulated by the area and extent of light exposure. The possibility of incorporating such complex functions in a material using relatively simple material and genetic engineering strategies highlights the immense potential and versatility offered by living materials for protein-based biopharmaceutical delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aránzazu Del Campo
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Evaluating the abilities of diverse nitroaromatic prodrug metabolites to exit a model Gram negative vector for bacterial-directed enzyme-prodrug therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:192-200. [PMID: 30352235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene-directed enzyme-prodrug therapy (GDEPT) employs tumour-tropic vectors including viruses and bacteria to deliver a genetically-encoded prodrug-converting enzyme to the tumour environment, thereby sensitising the tumour to the prodrug. Nitroreductases, able to activate a range of promising nitroaromatic prodrugs to genotoxic metabolites, are of great interest for GDEPT. The bystander effect (cell-to-cell transfer of activated prodrug metabolites) has been quantified for some nitroaromatic prodrugs in mixed multilayer human cell cultures, however while these provide a good model for viral DEPT (VDEPT) they do not inform on the ability of these prodrug metabolites to exit bacterial vectors (relevant to bacterial-DEPT (BDEPT)). To investigate this we grew two Escherichia coli strains in co-culture; an activator strain expressing the nitroreductase E. coli NfsA and a recipient strain containing an SOS-GFP DNA damage responsive gene construct. In this system, induction of GFP by reduced prodrug metabolites can only occur following their transfer from the activator to the recipient cells. We used this to investigate five clinically relevant prodrugs: metronidazole, CB1954, nitro-CBI-DEI, and two dinitrobenzamide mustard prodrug analogues, PR-104A and SN27686. Consistent with the bystander efficiencies previously measured in human cell multilayers, reduced metronidazole exhibited little bacterial cell-to-cell transfer, whereas nitro-CBI-DEI was passed very efficiently from activator to recipient cells post-reduction. However, in contrast with observations in human cell multilayers, the nitrogen mustard prodrug metabolites were not effectively passed between the two bacterial strains, whereas reduced CB1954 was transferred efficiently. Using nitroreductase enzymes that exhibit different biases for the 2- versus 4-nitro substituents of CB1954, we further showed that the 2-nitro reduction products exhibit substantially higher levels of bacterial cell-to-cell transfer than the 4-nitro reduction products, consistent with their relative bystander efficiencies in human cell culture. Overall, our data suggest that prodrugs may differ in their suitability for VDEPT versus BDEPT applications and emphasise the importance of evaluating an enzyme-prodrug partnership in an appropriate context for the intended vector.
Collapse
|
27
|
Eriyagama DNAM, Shahsavari S, Halami B, Lu BY, Wei F, Fang S. Parallel, Large-Scale, and Long Synthetic Oligodeoxynucleotide Purification Using the Catching Full-Length Sequence by Polymerization Technique. Org Process Res Dev 2018; 22:1282-1288. [PMID: 30906183 PMCID: PMC6428204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The catching by polymerization synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) purification technique was shown to be potentially suitable for high throughput purification by purifying 12 ODNs simultaneously, to be convenient for large-scale purification by purifying at 60 μmol synthesis scale, and to be highly powerful for long ODN purification by purifying ODNs as long as 303-mer. LC-MS analysis indicated that the ODNs purified with the technique have excellent purity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahien Shahsavari
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological
University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Bhaskar Halami
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological
University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Bao-Yuan Lu
- Nalco Champion, an Ecolab Company, 11177 S. Stadium
Drive, Sugar Land, TX 77478, USA
| | - Fengping Wei
- CGeneTech, Inc., 7202 E. 87th Street, Suite#100,
Indianapolis, IN 46256, USA
| | - Shiyue Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological
University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Volke DC, Nikel PI. Getting Bacteria in Shape: Synthetic Morphology Approaches for the Design of Efficient Microbial Cell Factories. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Volke
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability; Technical University of Denmark; Kemitorvet 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Pablo I. Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability; Technical University of Denmark; Kemitorvet 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| |
Collapse
|