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Sun F, Peers de Nieuwburgh M, Hubinont C, Debiève F, Colson A. Gene therapy in preeclampsia: the dawn of a new era. Hypertens Pregnancy 2024; 43:2358761. [PMID: 38817101 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2024.2358761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a severe complication of pregnancy, affecting an estimated 4 million women annually. It is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal mortality worldwide, and it has life-long consequences. The maternal multisystemic symptoms are driven by poor placentation, which causes syncytiotrophoblastic stress and the release of factors into the maternal bloodstream. Amongst them, the soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1) triggers extensive endothelial dysfunction by acting as a decoy receptor for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the placental growth factor (PGF). Current interventions aim to mitigate hypertension and seizures, but the only definite treatment remains induced delivery. Thus, there is a pressing need for novel therapies to remedy this situation. Notably, CBP-4888, a siRNA drug delivered subcutaneously to knock down sFLT1 expression in the placenta, has recently obtained Fast Track approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is undergoing a phase 1 clinical trial. Such advance highlights a growing interest and significant potential in gene therapy to manage preeclampsia. This review summarizes the advances and prospects of gene therapy in treating placental dysfunction and illustrates crucial challenges and considerations for these emerging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxuan Sun
- Department of Reproduction Physiopathology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maureen Peers de Nieuwburgh
- Department of Reproduction Physiopathology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neonatology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Corinne Hubinont
- Department of Obstetrics, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Debiève
- Department of Reproduction Physiopathology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arthur Colson
- Department of Reproduction Physiopathology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Gong F, Cui Y, Lv P, Liu J, Sun X, Han P, Zhou L, Xia T, Cao W. Role of ESCCAL-1 in regulating exocytosis of AuNPs in human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 59:102754. [PMID: 38797223 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Exocytosis is a critical factor for designing efficient nanocarriers and determining cytotoxicity. However, the research on the exocytosis mechanism of nanoparticles, especially the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), has not been reported. In this study, the exocytosis of AuNPs in the KYSE70 cells and the involved molecular pathways of exocytosis are analyzed. It demonstrates that nanoparticles underwent time-dependent release from the cells by exocytosis, and the release of β-hexosaminidase confirms that AuNPs are excreted through lysosomes. Mechanistic studies reveal that lncRNA ESCCAL-1 plays a vital role in controlling the exocytosis of AuNPs through activation of the MAPK pathway, including the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK. The study implies that the ESCCAL-1-mediated pathway plays an important role in the exocytosis of AuNPs in KYSE70 cells. This finding has implications for the role of ESCCAL-1 on the drug resistance of esophagus cancer by controlling lysosome-mediated exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Gong
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Yuanbo Cui
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Pengju Lv
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Pengli Han
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095 Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Wei Cao
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China; Henan Province Joint International Laboratory for Bioconjugation and Antibody Coupling, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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3
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Hu M, Li X, You Z, Cai R, Chen C. Physiological Barriers and Strategies of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Nucleic Acid Drug Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2303266. [PMID: 37792475 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based nanoparticles (LBNPs) are currently the most promising vehicles for nucleic acid drug (NAD) delivery. Although their clinical applications have achieved success, the NAD delivery efficiency and safety are still unsatisfactory, which are, to a large extent, due to the existence of multi-level physiological barriers in vivo. It is important to elucidate the interactions between these barriers and LBNPs, which will guide more rational design of efficient NAD vehicles with low adverse effects and facilitate broader applications of nucleic acid therapeutics. This review describes the obstacles and challenges of biological barriers to NAD delivery at systemic, organ, sub-organ, cellular, and subcellular levels. The strategies to overcome these barriers are comprehensively reviewed, mainly including physically/chemically engineering LBNPs and directly modifying physiological barriers by auxiliary treatments. Then the potentials and challenges for successful translation of these preclinical studies into the clinic are discussed. In the end, a forward look at the strategies on manipulating protein corona (PC) is addressed, which may pull off the trick of overcoming those physiological barriers and significantly improve the efficacy and safety of LBNP-based NADs delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhen You
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Rong Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 100049, China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou, 510700, China
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4
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Majer J, Kindermann M, Pinkas D, Chvatil D, Cigler P, Libusova L. Cellular uptake and fate of cationic polymer-coated nanodiamonds delivering siRNA: a mechanistic study. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2490-2503. [PMID: 38197438 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05738k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Gene silencing using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is a selective and promising approach for treatment of numerous diseases. However, broad applications of siRNAs are compromised by their low stability in a biological environment and limited ability to penetrate cells. Nanodiamonds (NDs) coated with cationic polymers can enable cellular delivery of siRNAs. Recently, we developed a new type of ND coating based on a random copolymer consisting of (2-dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate (DMAEMA) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) monomers. These hybrid ND-polymer particles (Cop+-FND) provide near-infrared fluorescence, form stable complexes with siRNA in serum, show low toxicity, and effectively deliver siRNA into cells in vitro and in vivo. Here, we present data on the mechanism of cellular uptake and cell trafficking of Cop+-FND : siRNA complexes and their ability to selectively suppress mRNA levels, as well as their cytotoxicity, viability and colloidal stability. We identified clathrin-mediated endocytosis as the predominant entry mechanism for Cop+-FND : siRNA into U-2 OS human bone osteosarcoma cells, with a substantial fraction of Cop+-FND : siRNA following the lysosome pathway. Cop+-FND : siRNA potently inhibited the target GAPDH gene with negligible toxicity and sufficient colloidal stability. Based on our results, we suggest that Cop+-FND : siRNA can serve as a suitable in vivo delivery system for siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Majer
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague 2, 128 00, Czechia.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czechia.
| | - Marek Kindermann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czechia.
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Dominik Pinkas
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility of the Microscopy Centre, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czechia
| | - David Chvatil
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, 250 68 Husinec-Rez 130, Czechia
| | - Petr Cigler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czechia.
| | - Lenka Libusova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague 2, 128 00, Czechia.
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Tang M, Zhang X, Fei W, Xin Y, Zhang M, Yao Y, Zhao Y, Zheng C, Sun D. Advance in placenta drug delivery: concern for placenta-originated disease therapy. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2184315. [PMID: 36883905 PMCID: PMC10003143 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2184315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the therapy of placenta-originated diseases during pregnancy, the main challenges are fetal exposure to drugs, which can pass through the placenta and cause safety concerns for fetal development. The design of placenta-resident drug delivery system is an advantageous method to minimize fetal exposure as well as reduce adverse maternal off-target effects. By utilizing the placenta as a biological barrier, the placenta-resident nanodrugs could be trapped in the local placenta to concentrate on the treatment of this abnormal originated tissue. Therefore, the success of such systems largely depends on the placental retention capacity. This paper expounds on the transport mechanism of nanodrugs in the placenta, analyzes the factors that affect the placental retention of nanodrugs, and summarizes the advantages and concerns of current nanoplatforms in the treatment of placenta-originated diseases. In general, this review aims to provide a theoretical basis for the construction of placenta-resident drug delivery systems, which will potentially enable safe and efficient clinical treatment for placenta-originated diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Weidong Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yunchun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Dongli Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
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Park JS, Lee C, Cheon SY, Lee Y, Jeon H, Lee D, Kim SH, Lim SG, Koo H. Efficient drug supply in stem cell cytosol via pore-forming saponin nanoparticles promotes in vivo osteogenesis and bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122342. [PMID: 37804721 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Directional differentiation of stem cells is a key step in stem cell therapy. In this study, we developed saponin-based nanoparticles (Ad-SNPs) containing dexamethasone (Dex) and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) to promote osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and bone regeneration. The Ad-SNPs can achieve rapid cellular uptake through a pore-forming effect without cytotoxic cationic charges. They also provide extended retention in cell cytosol due to their uptake route. These properties are advantageous in efficiently supplying drugs to the hMSCs. The combination of Dex and ALA facilitated mitochondrial fusion and prevented reactive oxygen species-induced DNA damage. It also helped to preserve mitochondrial dynamics, and the efficient supply of it provided by the Ad-SNPs induced differentiation of hMSCs into osteoblasts. The Ad-SNPs showed outstanding performance in osteoblast differentiation, maturation, and mineralization in 3D culture compared with NPs without saponin and with free drugs. When Ad-SNP-treated hMSCs were tested in a rat femoral bone defect model, they showed the fastest regeneration of bones and complete repair in the shortest period among all groups. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first application of pore-forming saponin-based NPs with rapid cellular uptake and extended retention to stem cell therapy, and we demonstrated their promising potential in bone regeneration and efficient delivery of Dex and ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Park
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, and Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaehyun Lee
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, and Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Cheon
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, and Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeeun Lee
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, and Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Jeon
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, and Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Lee
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, and Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hee Kim
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, and Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Gi Lim
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, and Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebeom Koo
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, and Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Wu J, Xing L, Zheng Y, Yu Y, Wu R, Liu X, Li L, Huang Y. Disease-specific protein corona formed in pathological intestine enhances the oral absorption of nanoparticles. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3876-3891. [PMID: 37719377 PMCID: PMC10501873 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein corona (PC) has been identified to impede the transportation of intravenously injected nanoparticles (NPs) from blood circulation to their targeted sites. However, how intestinal PC (IPC) affects the delivery of orally administered NPs are still needed to be elucidated. Here, we found that IPC exerted "positive effect" or "negative effect" depending on different pathological conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. We prepared polystyrene nanoparticles (PS) adsorbed with different IPC derived from the intestinal tract of healthy, diabetic, and colitis rats (H-IPC@PS, D-IPC@PS, C-IPC@PS). Proteomics analysis revealed that, compared with healthy IPC, the two disease-specific IPC consisted of a higher proportion of proteins that were closely correlated with transepithelial transport across the intestine. Consequently, both D-IPC@PS and C-IPC@PS mainly exploited the recycling endosome and ER-Golgi mediated secretory routes for intracellular trafficking, which increased the transcytosis from the epithelium. Together, disease-specific IPC endowed NPs with higher intestinal absorption. D-IPC@PS posed "positive effect" on intestinal absorption into blood circulation for diabetic therapy. Conversely, C-IPC@PS had "negative effect" on colitis treatment because of unfavorable absorption in the intestine before arriving colon. These results imply that different or even opposite strategies to modulate the disease-specific IPC need to be adopted for oral nanomedicine in the treatment of variable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liyun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaxian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruinan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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8
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Liu J, Liu YY, Li CS, Cao A, Wang H. Exocytosis of Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2215. [PMID: 37570533 PMCID: PMC10421347 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Both biomedical applications and safety assessments of manufactured nanomaterials require a thorough understanding of the interaction between nanomaterials and cells, including how nanomaterials enter cells, transport within cells, and leave cells. However, compared to the extensively studied uptake and trafficking of nanoparticles (NPs) in cells, less attention has been paid to the exocytosis of NPs. Yet exocytosis is an indispensable process of regulating the content of NPs in cells, which in turn influences, even decides, the toxicity of NPs to cells. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and influencing factors of the exocytosis of NPs is not only essential for the safety assessment of NPs but also helpful for guiding the design of safe and highly effective NP-based materials for various purposes. Herein, we review the current status and progress of studies on the exocytosis of NPs. Firstly, we introduce experimental procedures and considerations. Then, exocytosis mechanisms/pathways are summarized with a detailed introduction of the main pathways (lysosomal and endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi pathway) and the role of microtubules; the patterns of exocytosis kinetics are presented and discussed. Subsequently, the influencing factors (initial content and location of intracellular NPs, physiochemical properties of NPs, cell type, and extracellular conditions) are fully discussed. Although there are inconsistent results, some rules are obtained, like smaller and charged NPs are more easily excreted. Finally, the challenges and future directions in the field have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Haifang Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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9
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Fan W, Xiang J, Wei Q, Tang Y, Piao Y, Shao S, Zhou Z, Tang J, Li ZC, Shen Y. Role of Micelle Size in Cell Transcytosis-Based Tumor Extravasation, Infiltration, and Treatment Efficacy. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3904-3912. [PMID: 37043295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Transcytosis-based active transport of cancer nanomedicine has shown great promise for enhancing its tumor extravasation and infiltration and antitumor activity, but how the key nanoproperties of nanomedicine, particularly particle size, influence the transcytosis remains unknown. Herein, we used a transcytosis-inducing polymer, poly[2-(N-oxide-N,N-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (OPDEA), and fabricated stable OPDEA-based micelles with different sizes (30, 70, and 140 nm in diameter) from its amphiphilic block copolymer, OPDEA-block-polystyrene (OPDEA-PS). The study of the micelle size effects on cell transcytosis, tumor extravasation, and infiltration showed that the smallest micelles (30 nm) had the fastest transcytosis and, thus, the most efficient tumor extravasation and infiltration. So, the 7-ethyl-10-hydroxyl camptothecin (SN38)-conjugated OPDEA micelles of 30 nm had much enhanced antitumor activity compared with the 140 nm micelles. These results are instructive for the design of active cancer nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wufa Fan
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province and Center for Bionanoengineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiajia Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province and Center for Bionanoengineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qiuyu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province and Center for Bionanoengineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yisi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province and Center for Bionanoengineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ying Piao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province and Center for Bionanoengineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shiqun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province and Center for Bionanoengineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province and Center for Bionanoengineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province and Center for Bionanoengineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zi-Chen Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials of Zhejiang Province and Center for Bionanoengineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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10
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li X, Nie D, Liu C, Gan Y. Ligand-modified nanocarriers for oral drug delivery: Challenges, rational design, and applications. J Control Release 2022; 352:813-832. [PMID: 36368493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-modified nanocarriers (LMNCs) specific to their targets have attracted increasing interest for enhanced oral drug delivery in recent decades. Although the design of LMNCs for enhanced endocytosis and improved exposure of the loaded drugs through the oral route has received abundant attention, it remains unclear how the design influences their transcellular process, especially the key factors affecting their functions. This review discusses the extracellular and cellular barriers to orally administered LMNCs in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and new discoveries regarding the GI protein corona and the sequential transport barriers that impede the preplanned movements of LMNCs after oral administration. Furthermore, innovative progress in considering key factors (including target selection, ligand properties, and other important factors) in the rational design of LMNCs for oral drug delivery is presented. In particular, some factors that endow LMNCs with efficient transcytosis rather than only endocytosis are highlighted. Finally, the prospects of orally administered LMNCs in disease therapy for the enhanced oral/local bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients, as well as emerging delivery routes, such as lymphatic drug delivery and systemic location-specific drug release based on oral transcellular LMNCs, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Di Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China.
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11
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Liu YY, Sun ZX, Liu J, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Cao A, Sun YP, Wang H. On the Cellular Uptake and Exocytosis of Carbon Dots─Significant Cell Type Dependence and Effects of Cell Division. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4378-4389. [PMID: 36044400 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the cellular uptake and exocytosis processes of nanoparticles (NPs) is essential for developing the nanomedicines and assessing the health risk of nanomaterials. Considerable efforts have been made to reveal how physicochemical properties of NPs influence these processes. However, little attention has been paid to how cell type impacts these processes, especially exocytosis. Herein, the uptake and exocytosis of the carbon dots (CDs) obtained from the carbonization of citric acid with polyethylenimine (PEI) oligomers (CDs-PEI) in five human cell lines (HeLa, A549, BEAS-2B, A431, and MDA-MB-468) are analyzed to understand how cell type influences the fate of CDs in cells. The cell division is taken into account by the correction of cell number for accurate quantification of the uptake and exocytosis of CDs-PEI. The results indicate that the cell type significantly affects the cellular uptake, trafficking, and exocytosis of CDs-PEI. Among the cell types investigated, MDA-MB-468 cells have the greatest capacity for both uptake and exocytosis, and HeLa cells have the least capacity. The kinetics of the exocytosis largely follows a single exponential decay function, with the remaining CDs-PEI in cells reaching plateaus within 24 h. The kinetic parameters are cell-dependent but insensitive to the initial intracellular CDs-PEI content. Generally, the Golgi apparatus pathways are more important in exocytosis than the lysosomal pathway, and the locations of CDs-PEI in the beginning of exocytosis are not correlated with their exocytosis pathways. The findings on the cell type-dependent cellular uptake and exocytosis reported here may be valuable to the future design of high-performance and safe CDs and related nanomaterials in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zao-Xia Sun
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuanfang Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aoneng Cao
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ya-Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Haifang Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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12
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Yang X, Wen X, Dai J, Chen Y, Ding W, Wang J, Gu X, Zhang X, Chen J, Sutliff RL, Emory SR, Ruan G. Probing the Intracellular Delivery of Nanoparticles into Hard-to-Transfect Cells. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8751-8765. [PMID: 35579595 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hard-to-transfect cells are cells that are known to present special difficulties in intracellular delivery of exogenous entities. However, the special transport behaviors underlying the special delivery problem in these cells have so far not been examined carefully. Here, we combine single-particle motion analysis, cell biology studies, and mathematical modeling to investigate nanoparticle transport in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), a technologically important type of hard-to-transfect cells. Tat peptide-conjugated quantum dots (QDs-Tat) were used as the model nanoparticles. Two different yet complementary single-particle methods, namely, pair-correlation function and single-particle tracking, were conducted on the same cell samples and on the same viewing stage of a confocal microscope. Our results reveal significant differences in each individual step of transport of QDs-Tat in BMSCs vs a commonly used model cell line, HeLa cells. Single-particle motion analysis demonstrates that vesicle escape and cytoplasmic diffusion are dramatically more difficult in BMSCs than in HeLa cells. Cell biology studies show that BMSCs use different biological pathways for the cellular uptake, vesicular transport, and exocytosis of QDs-Tat than HeLa cells. A reaction-diffusion-advection model is employed to mathematically integrate the individual steps of cellular transport and can be used to predict and design nanoparticle delivery in BMSCs. This work provides dissective, quantitative, and mechanistic understandings of nanoparticle transport in BMSCs. The investigative methods described in this work can help to guide the tailored design of nanoparticle-based delivery in specific types and subtypes of hard-to-transfect cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210023
- Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China 215123
- Nanobiotechnology & Nanomedicine Center, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China 215123
- Institute of Materials Engineering of Nanjing University, Nantong, China 226001
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China 518063
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210093
| | - Xiaowei Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210023
- Institute of Materials Engineering of Nanjing University, Nantong, China 226001
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China 518063
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210093
| | - Jie Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210023
- Institute of Materials Engineering of Nanjing University, Nantong, China 226001
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China 518063
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210093
| | - Yanming Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210023
- Institute of Materials Engineering of Nanjing University, Nantong, China 226001
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China 518063
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210093
| | - Wanchuan Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210023
- Institute of Materials Engineering of Nanjing University, Nantong, China 226001
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China 518063
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210093
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China 211166
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210023
- Institute of Materials Engineering of Nanjing University, Nantong, China 226001
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China 518063
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210093
| | - Xuejin Zhang
- Department of Quantum Electronics and Optical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210023
- National Center of Microstructure and Quantum Manipulation, National Lab of Solid State Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210093
| | - Jin Chen
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China 211166
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Steven R Emory
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, United States
| | - Gang Ruan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210023
- Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China 215123
- Nanobiotechnology & Nanomedicine Center, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China 215123
- Institute of Materials Engineering of Nanjing University, Nantong, China 226001
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China 518063
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210093
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13
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Ma Z, Wong S, Forgham H, Esser L, Lai M, Leiske M, Kempe K, Sharbeen G, Youkhana J, Mansfeld F, Quinn J, Phillips P, Davis T, Kavallaris M, McCarroll J. Aerosol delivery of star polymer-siRNA nanoparticles as a therapeutic strategy to inhibit lung tumor growth. Biomaterials 2022; 285:121539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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14
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Wu Z. Editorial of Special Issue "Cytoplasmic Delivery of Bioactives". Pharm Res 2022; 39:1031-1034. [PMID: 35606599 PMCID: PMC9126431 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zimei Wu
- The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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15
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Zhang M, Kim DS, Patel R, Wu Q, Kim K. Intracellular Trafficking and Distribution of Cd and InP Quantum Dots in HeLa and ML-1 Thyroid Cancer Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091517. [PMID: 35564224 PMCID: PMC9104504 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The study of the interaction of engineered nanoparticles, including quantum dots (QDs), with cellular constituents and the kinetics of their localization and transport, has provided new insights into their biological consequences in cancers and for the development of effective cancer therapies. The present study aims to elucidate the toxicity and intracellular transport kinetics of CdSe/ZnS and InP/ZnS QDs in late-stage ML-1 thyroid cancer using well-tested HeLa as a control. Our XTT (2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) viability assay (Cell Proliferation Kit II) showed that ML-1 cells and non-cancerous mouse fibroblast cells exhibit no viability defect in response to these QDs, whereas HeLa cell viability decreases. These results suggest that HeLa cells are more sensitive to the QDs compared to ML-1 cells. To test the possibility that transporting rates of QDs are different between HeLa and ML-1 cells, we performed a QD subcellular localization assay by determining Pearson’s Coefficient values and found that HeLa cells showed faster QDs transporting towards the lysosome. Consistently, the ICP-OES test showed the uptake of CdSe/ZnS QDs in HeLa cells was significantly higher than in ML-1 cells. Together, we conclude that high levels of toxicity in HeLa are positively correlated with the traffic rate of QDs in the treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National, Springfield, MO 65897, USA;
| | - Daniel S. Kim
- Emory College of Arts and Science, Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Rishi Patel
- Jordan Valley Innovation Center, Missouri State University, 542 N Boonville Ave, Springfield, MO 65806, USA; (R.P.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qihua Wu
- Jordan Valley Innovation Center, Missouri State University, 542 N Boonville Ave, Springfield, MO 65806, USA; (R.P.); (Q.W.)
| | - Kyoungtae Kim
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National, Springfield, MO 65897, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-417-836-5440; Fax: +1-417-836-5126
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16
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Tumor Tropic Delivery of Hyaluronic Acid-Poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) Polymeric Micelles Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Glioma Therapy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082419. [PMID: 35458619 PMCID: PMC9027425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor penetration and the accumulation of nanomedicines are crucial challenges in solid tumor therapy. By taking advantage of the MSC tumor-tropic property, we developed a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based drug delivery system in which paclitaxel (PTX)-encapsulating hyaluronic acid-poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) polymeric micelles (PTX/HA-PLGA micelles) were loaded for glioma therapy. The results indicated that CD44 overexpressed on the surface of both MSCs and tumor cells not only improved PTX/HA-PLGA micelle loading in MSCs, but also promoted the drug transfer between MSCs and adjacent cancer cells. It was hypothesized that CD44-mediated transcytosis played a crucial role and allowed deep glioma penetration depending on sequential intra–intercellular delivery via endocytosis–exocytosis. MSC-micelles were able to infiltrate from normal brain parenchyma towards contralateral tumors and led to the eradication of glioma. The survival of orthotopic glioma-bearing rats was significantly extended. In conclusion, the MSC-based delivery of HA-PLGA micelles is a potential strategy for tumor-targeting drug delivery.
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17
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Ho LWC, Chan CKW, Han R, Lau YFY, Li H, Ho YP, Zhuang X, Choi CHJ. Mammalian Cells Exocytose Alkylated Gold Nanoparticles via Extracellular Vesicles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2032-2045. [PMID: 35137580 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the exocytosis of nanoparticles (NPs) from cells is valuable because it informs design rules of NPs that support desirable cellular retention for nanomedicine applications, but investigations into the mechanism for the exocytosis of NPs remain scarce. We elucidate the mechanism for the exocytosis of dodecyl-terminated, polyethylene glycol-coated gold NPs (termed "dodecyl-PEG-AuNP"). The Au core enables ultrastructural differentiation of the exocytosed NPs from the nearby extracellular vesicles (EVs). The PEG shell prevents interparticle agglomeration or aggregation that disfavors exocytosis. The minute amounts of alkyl chains on the PEG shell not only promote cellular uptake but also improve exocytosis by up to 4-fold higher probability and upregulate exocytosis- and vesicle-related genes. After entering Kera-308 keratinocytes and trafficking to multivesicular bodies and lysosomes, these NPs exit the cell predominantly via unconventional exocytosis, accompanied by enhanced secretion of sub-100 nm, CD81-enriched exosomes. The pathway for NP exocytosis and subpopulation of EVs that are secreted alongside the exocytosed NPs depends on dodecyl loading. This work provides insights into dissecting the mechanism of NP exocytosis and its relationship with EV secretion.
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18
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Van de Vyver T, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Modulating intracellular pathways to improve non-viral delivery of RNA therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114041. [PMID: 34763002 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RNA therapeutics (e.g. siRNA, oligonucleotides, mRNA, etc.) show great potential for the treatment of a myriad of diseases. However, to reach their site of action in the cytosol or nucleus of target cells, multiple intra- and extracellular barriers have to be surmounted. Several non-viral delivery systems, such as nanoparticles and conjugates, have been successfully developed to meet this requirement. Unfortunately, despite these clear advances, state-of-the-art delivery agents still suffer from relatively low intracellular delivery efficiencies. Notably, our current understanding of the intracellular delivery process is largely oversimplified. Gaining mechanistic insight into how RNA formulations are processed by cells will fuel rational design of the next generation of delivery carriers. In addition, identifying which intracellular pathways contribute to productive RNA delivery could provide opportunities to boost the delivery performance of existing nanoformulations. In this review, we discuss both established as well as emerging techniques that can be used to assess the impact of different intracellular barriers on RNA transfection performance. Next, we highlight how several modulators, including small molecules but also genetic perturbation technologies, can boost RNA delivery by intervening at differing stages of the intracellular delivery process, such as cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, endosomal escape, autophagy and exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Van de Vyver
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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19
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Xiao L, Ding Z, Zhang X, Wang X, Lu Q, Kaplan DL. Silk Nanocarrier Size Optimization for Enhanced Tumor Cell Penetration and Cytotoxicity In Vitro. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:140-150. [PMID: 34878245 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Silk nanofibers are versatile carriers for hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, but fall short in terms of effective delivery to cells, which is essential for therapeutic benefits. Here, the size of silk nanofibers was tuned by ultrasonic treatment to improve the cell penetration features without impacting the structural features. The gradual decrease in silk nanofiber length from 1700 to 40 nm resulted in improved cell uptake. The internalized silk nanofiber carriers evaded lysosomes, which facilitated retention in cancer cells in vitro. The smaller sizes also facilitated enhanced penetration of tumor spheroids for improved delivery in vitro. The cytotoxicity of paclitaxel (PTX)-laden nanocarriers increased when the length of the silk nanocarriers decreased. Both the drug loading capacity and delivery of silk nanocarriers with optimized sizes suggest potential utility in cell treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhaozhao Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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20
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Liu YY, Chang Q, Sun ZX, Liu J, Deng X, Liu Y, Cao A, Wang H. Fate of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in cells: Endocytosis, translocation and exocytosis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 208:112140. [PMID: 34597939 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have been extensively explored for extensive bioapplications, yet their cellular fate, especially exocytosis, has not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, we systematically investigated the whole cellular process from the endocytosis, intercellular trafficking, to the exocytosis of a typical QD, core/shell CdSe/ZnS QD. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry, and after carefully eliminating the effect of cell division, we found that the QDs were internalized by HeLa cells with a time-, dose-, and serum-dependent manner. The cellular uptake was inhibited by serum, but eventually peaked after 4-6 h incubation with or without serum. The primary endocytosis pathway was clathrin-mediated, and actin- and microtubule-dependent in the medium with serum, while the caveolae-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis were more important for the QDs in the serum-free medium. Inside cells, most QDs distributed in lysosomes, and some entered mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. The translocation of the QDs from other organelles to Golgi apparatus was observed. The exocytosis of QDs was faster than the endocytosis, reaching the maximum in about one hour after cultured in fresh culture medium, with around 60% of the internalized QDs remained undischarged. The exocytosis process was energy- and actin-dependent, and the lysosome exocytosis and endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi pathway were the main routes. This study provides a full picture of behavior and fate of QDs in cells, which may facilitate the design of ideal QDs applied in biomedical and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zao-Xia Sun
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaoyong Deng
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuanfang Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aoneng Cao
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Haifang Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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21
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Extracellular vesicles mediated exocytosis of antisense peptide nucleic acids. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:302-315. [PMID: 34458012 PMCID: PMC8379631 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), a synthetic DNA mimic, have been extensively utilized for antisense- and antigene-based biomedical applications. Significant efforts have been made to increase the cellular uptake of PNAs, but here we examined relatively unexplored aspects of intracellular trafficking and endocytic recycling of PNAs. For proof-of-concept, we used anti-microRNA (miR) PNA targeting miR-155. The sub-cellular localization of PNA was studied via confocal and flow-cytometry-based assays in HeLa cells. A comprehensive characterization of PNA-containing extracellular vesicles revealed spherical morphology, negative surface charge density, and the presence of tetraspanin markers. Most importantly, we investigated rab11a and rab27b GTPases' role in regulating the exocytosis of PNAs. Organelle staining, followed by confocal imaging, showed higher localization of PNA in lysosomes. Gene-expression analysis established the enhanced functional activity of PNA after inhibition of endocytic recycling. Multiple studies report the exocytosis of single-stranded oligonucleotides, short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and nanocarriers. To our knowledge, this is the first mechanistic study to establish that PNA undergoes endocytic recycling and exocytosis out of tumor cells. The results presented here can serve as a platform to develop and optimize strategies for improving the therapeutic efficacy of PNAs by avoiding the recycling pathways.
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22
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Abstract
The development of molecular nanostructures with well-defined particle size and shape is of eminent interest in biomedicine. Among many studied nanostructures, dendrimers represent the group of those most thoroughly characterized ones. Due to their unique structure and properties, dendrimers are very attractive for medical and pharmaceutical applications. Owing to the controllable cavities inside the dendrimer, guest molecules may be encapsulated, and highly reactive terminal groups are susceptible to further modifications, e.g., to facilitate target delivery. To understand the potential of these nanoparticles and to predict and avoid any adverse cellular reactions, it is necessary to know the mechanisms responsible for an efficient dendrimer uptake and the destination of their intracellular journey. In this article, we summarize the results of studies describing the dendrimer uptake, traffic, and efflux mechanisms depending on features of specific nanoparticles and cell types. We also present mechanisms of dendrimers responsible for toxicity and alteration in signal transduction pathways at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ziemba
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Borowiec
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ida Franiak-Pietryga
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Abstract
This account comprises personal reflections on the field of nanosystems primarily designed for the delivery of biologically active agents. It emphasises the colloidal nature of nanoparticles obeying the same physical laws that dictate the behaviour of disperse systems. Research reveals not only intrinsic complexities but a variety of possible trajectories in vivo and ex vivo, issues of stability, interactions and behaviour in a range of often constrained environments. Such are the variations in the chemical and physical nature of the nanosystems and the active agents they carry, their putative "targets" and the many biological systems and models in which they are employed, it is not possible to generalise. Stochastic events may exclude precise prediction or extrapolation of outcomes, but embracing and studying complexity lead to new insights, often aided by consideration of analogies in cognate areas. This is part of the process of illumination. Unexpected results provide the true essence and excitement of scientific endeavour. Simplification is perhaps its antithesis.
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Qi Z, Jiang C, Gao H, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Liu J. Endocytic recycling as cellular trafficking fate of simvastatin-loaded discoidal reconstituted high-density lipoprotein to coordinate cholesterol efflux and drug influx. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 32:102323. [PMID: 33186693 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDLs) hold promise as nanocarriers for atherosclerosis-targeted delivery, with biofunctions typified by mediating cholesterol efflux. The paradox is how rHDL offloads the delivered drugs into atherosclerotic foam cells, while simultaneously transferring cholesterol out of cells. Herein, simvastatin-loaded discoidal rHDL (ST-d-rHDL), constructed based on established paradigms, was employed to investigate its basic trafficking mechanism in foam cells. As proved, ST-d-rHDL was resecreted via lysosomal and Golgi apparatus-recycling endosome-mediated pathways following clathrin-mediated endocytosis. And the resecretion ratio reached 60% within 6-h chase with excessive ST-d-rHDLs. During the rHDL resecretion, 39% of cellular cholesterol efflux was detected, accompanied by 85% of the encapsulated cargo released intracellularly. Furthermore, the recycling rate was demonstrated to be promoted by smaller rHDL size and higher cellular lipid contents. Collectively, endocytic recycling confers the synergism in ST-d-rHDL to coordinate cholesterol efflux and intracellular drug release, providing new insights into design of biofunctional rHDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Long-Acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Shandong Luye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yantai, PR China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hai Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China.
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Li H, Mo F, Li Y, Wang M, Li Z, Hu H, Deng W, Zhang R. Effects of silver(I) toxicity on microstructure, biochemical activities, and genic material of Lemna minor L. with special reference to application of bioindicator. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22735-22748. [PMID: 32323236 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this research, several biochemical variations in plant of Lemna minor L. were investigated to reflect Ag+ toxicity. Lemna minor L. changed colorless AgNO3 to colloidal brown at doses equal to and greater than 1 mg L-1. Optical and fluorescence microscopy revealed the presence of bright spots in roots of tested plant related to Ag/Ag2O-NPs. Photosynthetic pigment contents of Lemna minor L. declined upon exposure to Ag+ with an evidently higher decrease in chlorophyll a than in chlorophyll b. Similarly, Ag+ treatment caused an evident reduction in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). The reduction in antioxidase activity was significantly higher in POD than in SOD and CAT. Ag+ treatment resulted in a significant increment in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) content as the judging criteria of cellular injury which showed sign of dose-related. The alterations occurred in RAPD profiles of treated samples following Ag+ toxicity containing loss of normal bands, appearance of new bands, and variation in band intensities compared with the normal plants. In addition, morphological character and biomass of Lemna minor L. subjected to increasing Ag+ concentrations were evaluated to reveal Ag+ toxicity. Our study demonstrated that Lemna minor L. have a high sensitivity to indicate fluctuation of water quality. It would be beneficial that modulating the genotype of Lemna minor L. to bear high proportion of contaminates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Fan Mo
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Mingshuai Wang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Wenhe Deng
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, 11 Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, China
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26
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Dahiya U, Mishra S, Chattopadhyay S, Kumari A, Gangal A, Ganguli M. Role of Cellular Retention and Intracellular State in Controlling Gene Delivery Efficiency of Multiple Nonviral Carriers. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:20547-20557. [PMID: 31858039 PMCID: PMC6906788 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonviral gene delivery has seen major progress in the last two decades owing to facile synthesis, low toxicity, and ease of modification of nanocarriers that take nucleic acids to cells and tissues. Gene delivery nanocomplexes need to reach the target locations in significant amounts by overcoming multiple barriers. While the importance of nanocomplex stability, cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and nuclear localization has been studied extensively, the role of cellular retention and recycling of these nanocomplexes is less understood in the context of gene delivery. In this study, we used different DNA carriers and made efforts to understand the role played by cellular retention in determining their gene delivery efficiency across multiple cell lines. In addition, we also analyzed whether state of complexation and localization of the nanocomplexes play a role in conjunction with cellular retention. We observed higher transfection efficiencies for nanocomplexes showing better retention, lower unpackaging, and low recycling. Our data also suggests that nanocomplexes made of peptides with terminal cysteine modification show enhanced retention and transfection efficiency compared to their counterparts with no terminal cysteine. Overall, the work highlights myriad of factors to be considered for improving gene delivery efficiency of nanocomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal
Ranjan Dahiya
- CSIR—Institute
of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Sarita Mishra
- CSIR—Institute
of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| | | | - Anupama Kumari
- CSIR—Institute
of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Apurva Gangal
- CSIR—Institute
of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Munia Ganguli
- CSIR—Institute
of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
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Surface-Functionalized Nanoparticles as Efficient Tools in Targeted Therapy of Pregnancy Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153642. [PMID: 31349643 PMCID: PMC6695948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimizing exposure of the fetus to medication and reducing adverse off-target effects in the mother are the primary challenges in developing novel drugs to treat pregnancy complications. Nanomedicine has introduced opportunities for the development of novel platforms enabling targeted delivery of drugs in pregnancy. This review sets out to discuss the advances and potential of surface-functionalized nanoparticles in the targeted therapy of pregnancy complications. We first describe the human placental anatomy, which is fundamental for developing placenta-targeted therapy, and then we review current knowledge of nanoparticle transplacental transport mechanisms. Meanwhile, recent surface-functionalized nanoparticles for targeting the uterus and placenta are examined. Indeed, surface-functionalized nanoparticles could help prevent transplacental passage and promote placental-specific drug delivery, thereby enhancing efficacy and improving safety. We have achieved promising results in targeting the placenta via placental chondroitin sulfate A (plCSA), which is exclusively expressed in the placenta, using plCSA binding peptide (plCSA-BP)-decorated nanoparticles. Others have also focused on using placenta- and uterus-enriched molecules as targets to deliver therapeutics via surface-functionalized nanoparticles. Additionally, we propose that placenta-specific exosomes and surface-modified exosomes might be potential tools in the targeted therapy of pregnancy complications. Altogether, surface-functionalized nanoparticles have great potential value as clinical tools in the targeted therapy of pregnancy complications.
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