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Kirti A, Simnani FZ, Jena S, Lenka SS, Kalalpitiya C, Naser SS, Singh D, Choudhury A, Sahu RN, Yadav A, Sinha A, Nandi A, Panda PK, Kaushik NK, Suar M, Verma SK. Nanoparticle-mediated metronomic chemotherapy in cancer: A paradigm of precision and persistence. Cancer Lett 2024; 594:216990. [PMID: 38801886 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Current methods of cancer therapy have demonstrated enormous potential in tumor inhibition. However, a high dosage regimen of chemotherapy results in various complications which affect the normal body cells. Tumor cells also develop resistance against the prescribed drugs in the whole treatment regimen increasing the risk of cancer relapse. Metronomic chemotherapy is a modern treatment method that involves administering drugs at low doses continuously, allowing the drug sufficient time to take its effect. This method ensures that the toxicity of the drugs is to a minimum in comparison to conventional chemotherapy. Nanoparticles have shown efficacy in delivering drugs to the tumor cells in various cancer therapies. Combining nanoparticles with metronomic chemotherapy can yield better treatment results. This combination stimulates the immune system, improving cancer cells recognition by immune cells. Evidence from clinical and pre-clinical trials supports the use of metronomic delivery for drug-loaded nanoparticles. This review focuses on the functionalization of nanoparticles for improved drug delivery and inhibition of tumor growth. It emphasizes the mechanisms of metronomic chemotherapy and its conjunction with nanotechnology. Additionally, it explores tumor progression and the current methods of chemotherapy. The challenges associated with nano-based metronomic chemotherapy are outlined, paving the way for prospects in this dynamic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorv Kirti
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | | | - Snehasmita Jena
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Sudakshya S Lenka
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | | | | | - Dibyangshee Singh
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Anmol Choudhury
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Rudra Narayan Sahu
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Anu Yadav
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Adrija Sinha
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Aditya Nandi
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India; Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, UNAM, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India.
| | - Suresh K Verma
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India.
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Yang J, Wang Z, Ma C, Tang H, Hao H, Li M, Luo X, Yang M, Gao L, Li J. Advances in Hydrogels of Drug Delivery Systems for the Local Treatment of Brain Tumors. Gels 2024; 10:404. [PMID: 38920950 PMCID: PMC11202553 DOI: 10.3390/gels10060404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The management of brain tumors presents numerous challenges, despite the employment of multimodal therapies including surgical intervention, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Owing to the distinct location of brain tumors and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), these tumors exhibit considerable heterogeneity and invasiveness at the histological level. Recent advancements in hydrogel research for the local treatment of brain tumors have sought to overcome the primary challenge of delivering therapeutics past the BBB, thereby ensuring efficient accumulation within brain tumor tissues. This article elaborates on various hydrogel-based delivery vectors, examining their efficacy in the local treatment of brain tumors. Additionally, it reviews the fundamental principles involved in designing intelligent hydrogels that can circumvent the BBB and penetrate larger tumor areas, thereby facilitating precise, controlled drug release. Hydrogel-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) are posited to offer a groundbreaking approach to addressing the challenges and limitations inherent in traditional oncological therapies, which are significantly impeded by the unique structural and pathological characteristics of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; (Z.W.); (C.M.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Zhijie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; (Z.W.); (C.M.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Chenyan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; (Z.W.); (C.M.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Hongyu Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; (Z.W.); (C.M.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Haoyang Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; (Z.W.); (C.M.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mengyao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; (Z.W.); (C.M.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Xianwei Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; (Z.W.); (C.M.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mingxin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; (Z.W.); (C.M.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;
| | - Juan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China; (Z.W.); (C.M.); (H.T.); (H.H.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (M.Y.)
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3
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Li J, Mi D, Wang R, Li Y, Zhao M, Shi S. A lava-inspired proteolytic enzyme therapy on cancer with a PEG-based hydrogel enhances tumor distribution and penetration of liposomes. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:216. [PMID: 38698399 PMCID: PMC11067103 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect has become the guiding principle for nanomedicine against cancer for a long time. However, several biological barriers severely resist therapeutic agents' penetration and retention into the deep tumor tissues, resulting in poor EPR effect and high tumor mortality. Inspired by lava, we proposed a proteolytic enzyme therapy to improve the tumor distribution and penetration of nanomedicine. A trypsin-crosslinked hydrogel (Trypsin@PSA Gel) was developed to maintain trypsin's activity. The hydrogel postponed trypsin's self-degradation and sustained the release. Trypsin promoted the cellular uptake of nanoformulations in breast cancer cells, enhanced the penetration through endothelial cells, and degraded total and membrane proteins. Proteomic analysis reveals that trypsin affected ECM components and down-regulated multiple pathways associated with cancer progression. Intratumoral injection of Trypsin@PSA Gel significantly increased the distribution of liposomes in tumors and reduced tumor vasculature. Combination treatment with intravenous injection of gambogic acid-loaded liposomes and intratumoral injection of Trypsin@PSA Gel inhibited tumor growth. The current study provides one of the first investigations into the enhanced tumor distribution of liposomes induced by a novel proteolytic enzyme therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Dandan Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Rujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yuke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mengnan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Sanjun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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4
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Castro-Ribeiro ML, Castro VIB, Vieira de Castro J, Pires RA, Reis RL, Costa BM, Ferreira H, Neves NM. The Potential of the Fibronectin Inhibitor Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser in the Development of Therapies for Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4910. [PMID: 38732135 PMCID: PMC11084566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal and common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. An important feature that supports GBM aggressiveness is the unique composition of its extracellular matrix (ECM). Particularly, fibronectin plays an important role in cancer cell adhesion, differentiation, proliferation, and chemoresistance. Thus, herein, a hydrogel with mechanical properties compatible with the brain and the ability to disrupt the dynamic and reciprocal interaction between fibronectin and tumor cells was produced. High-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) functionalized with the inhibitory fibronectin peptide Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) was used to produce the polymeric matrix. Liposomes encapsulating doxorubicin (DOX) were also included in the hydrogel to kill GBM cells. The resulting hydrogel containing liposomes with therapeutic DOX concentrations presented rheological properties like a healthy brain. In vitro assays demonstrated that unmodified HMW-HA hydrogels only caused GBM cell killing after DOX incorporation. Conversely, RGDS-functionalized hydrogels displayed per se cytotoxicity. As GBM cells produce several proteolytic enzymes capable of disrupting the peptide-HA bond, we selected MMP-2 to illustrate this phenomenon. Therefore, RGDS internalization can induce GBM cell apoptosis. Importantly, RGDS-functionalized hydrogel incorporating DOX efficiently damaged GBM cells without affecting astrocyte viability, proving its safety. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential of the RGDS-functionalized hydrogel to develop safe and effective GBM treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Castro-Ribeiro
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.L.C.-R.); (V.I.B.C.); (J.V.d.C.); (R.A.P.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Vânia I. B. Castro
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.L.C.-R.); (V.I.B.C.); (J.V.d.C.); (R.A.P.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Joana Vieira de Castro
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.L.C.-R.); (V.I.B.C.); (J.V.d.C.); (R.A.P.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Ricardo A. Pires
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.L.C.-R.); (V.I.B.C.); (J.V.d.C.); (R.A.P.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.L.C.-R.); (V.I.B.C.); (J.V.d.C.); (R.A.P.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Bruno M. Costa
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal;
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.L.C.-R.); (V.I.B.C.); (J.V.d.C.); (R.A.P.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Nuno M. Neves
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.L.C.-R.); (V.I.B.C.); (J.V.d.C.); (R.A.P.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal;
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Shaha S, Rodrigues D, Mitragotri S. Locoregional drug delivery for cancer therapy: Preclinical progress and clinical translation. J Control Release 2024; 367:737-767. [PMID: 38325716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Systemic drug delivery is the current clinically preferred route for cancer therapy. However, challenges associated with tumor localization and off-tumor toxic effects limit the clinical effectiveness of this route. Locoregional drug delivery is an emerging viable alternative to systemic therapies. With the improvement in real-time imaging technologies and tools for direct access to tumor lesions, the clinical applicability of locoregional drug delivery is becoming more prominent. Theoretically, locoregional treatments can bypass challenges faced by systemic drug delivery. Preclinically, locoregional delivery of drugs has demonstrated enhanced therapeutic efficacy with limited off-target effects while still yielding an abscopal effect. Clinically, an array of locoregional strategies is under investigation for the delivery of drugs ranging in target and size. Locoregional tumor treatment strategies can be classified into two main categories: 1) direct drug infusion via injection or implanted port and 2) extended drug elution via injected or implanted depot. The number of studies investigating locoregional drug delivery strategies for cancer treatment is rising exponentially, in both preclinical and clinical settings, with some approaches approved for clinical use. Here, we highlight key preclinical advances and the clinical relevance of such locoregional delivery strategies in the treatment of cancer. Furthermore, we critically analyze 949 clinical trials involving locoregional drug delivery and discuss emerging trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyog Shaha
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Danika Rodrigues
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Bagheri M, Zandieh MA, Daryab M, Samaei SS, Gholami S, Rahmanian P, Dezfulian S, Eary M, Rezaee A, Rajabi R, Khorrami R, Salimimoghadam S, Hu P, Rashidi M, Ardakan AK, Ertas YN, Hushmandi K. Nanostructures for site-specific delivery of oxaliplatin cancer therapy: Versatile nanoplatforms in synergistic cancer therapy. Transl Oncol 2024; 39:101838. [PMID: 38016356 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As a clinically approved treatment strategy, chemotherapy-mediated tumor suppression has been compromised, and in spite of introducing various kinds of anticancer drugs, cancer eradication with chemotherapy is still impossible. Chemotherapy drugs have been beneficial in improving the prognosis of cancer patients, but after resistance emerged, their potential disappeared. Oxaliplatin (OXA) efficacy in tumor suppression has been compromised by resistance. Due to the dysregulation of pathways and mechanisms in OXA resistance, it is suggested to develop novel strategies for overcoming drug resistance. The targeted delivery of OXA by nanostructures is described here. The targeted delivery of OXA in cancer can be mediated by polymeric, metal, lipid and carbon nanostructures. The advantageous of these nanocarriers is that they enhance the accumulation of OXA in tumor and promote its cytotoxicity. Moreover, (nano)platforms mediate the co-delivery of OXA with drugs and genes in synergistic cancer therapy, overcoming OXA resistance and improving insights in cancer patient treatment in the future. Moreover, smart nanostructures, including pH-, redox-, light-, and thermo-sensitive nanostructures, have been designed for OXA delivery and cancer therapy. The application of nanoparticle-mediated phototherapy can increase OXA's potential in cancer suppression. All of these subjects and their clinical implications are discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Bagheri
- Radiology Resident, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Daryab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Setareh Samaei
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Gholami
- Young Researcher and Elite Club, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Parham Rahmanian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Dezfulian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Eary
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aryan Rezaee
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Romina Rajabi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Khorrami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Alireza Khodaei Ardakan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Wang M, Bergès R, Malfanti A, Préat V, Bastiancich C. Local delivery of doxorubicin prodrug via lipid nanocapsule-based hydrogel for the treatment of glioblastoma. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023:10.1007/s13346-023-01456-y. [PMID: 37889402 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01456-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) recurrences appear in most cases around the resection cavity borders and arise from residual GBM cells that cannot be removed by surgery. Here, we propose a novel treatment that combines the advantages of nanomedicine and local drug delivery to target these infiltrating GBM cells. We developed an injectable lipid nanocapsule (LNC)-based formulation loaded with lauroyl-doxorubicin prodrug (DOXC12). Firstly, we demonstrated the efficacy of intratumoral administration of DOXC12 in GL261 GBM-bearing mice, which extended mouse survival. Then, we formulated an injectable hydrogel by mixing the appropriate amount of prodrug with the lipophilic components of LNC. We optimized the hydrogel by incorporating cytidine-C16 (CytC16) to achieve a mechanical stiffness adapted for an application in the brain post-surgery (DOXC12-LNCCL). DOXC12-LNCCL exhibited high DOXC12 encapsulation efficiency (95%) and a size of approximately 60 nm with sustained drug release for over 1 month in vitro. DOXC12-LNCCL exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity compared to free DOXC12 (IC50 of 349 and 86 nM, respectively) on GL261 GBM cells and prevented the growth of GL261 spheroids cultured on organotypic brain slices. In vivo, post-surgical treatment with DOXC12-LNCCL significantly improved the survival of GL261-bearing mice. The combination of this local treatment with the systemic administration of anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen further delayed the onset of recurrences. In conclusion, our study presents a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of GBM. By targeting residual GBM cells and reducing the inflammation post-surgery, we present a new strategy to delay the onset of recurrences in the gap period between surgery and standard of care therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Wang
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raphaël Bergès
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Alessio Malfanti
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Chiara Bastiancich
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13005, France.
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, 10125, Italy.
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8
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Gazaille C, Bozzato E, Madadian-Bozorg N, Mellinger A, Sicot M, Farooq U, Saulnier P, Eyer J, Préat V, Bertrand N, Bastiat G. Glioblastoma-targeted, local and sustained drug delivery system based on an unconventional lipid nanocapsule hydrogel. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213549. [PMID: 37453243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to develop an implantable therapeutic hydrogel that will ensure continuity in treatment between surgery and radiochemotherapy for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). A hydrogel of self-associated gemcitabine-loaded lipid nanocapsules (LNC) has shown therapeutic efficacy in vivo in murine GBM resection models. To improve the targeting of GBM cells, the NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide (NFL), was associated with LNC. The LNC-based hydrogels were formulated with the NFL. The peptide was totally and instantaneously adsorbed at the LNC surface, without modifying the hydrogel mechanical properties, and remained adsorbed to the LNC surface after the hydrogel dissolution. In vitro studies on GBM cell lines showed a faster internalization of the LNC and enhanced cytotoxicity, in the presence of NFL. Finally, in vivo studies in the murine GBM resection model proved that the gemcitabine-loaded LNC with adsorbed NFL could target the non-resected GBM cells and significantly delay or even inhibit the apparition of recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gazaille
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | | | | | - Adélie Mellinger
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Marion Sicot
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Umer Farooq
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Patrick Saulnier
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Joël Eyer
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | | | - Nicolas Bertrand
- Univ Laval, Faculty of Pharmacy, CHU Quebec Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
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9
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Cook AB, Palange A, Schlich M, Bellotti E, Brahmachari S, di Francesco M, Decuzzi P. Matrix metalloproteinase responsive hydrogel microplates for programmed killing of invasive tumour cells. RSC APPLIED POLYMERS 2023; 1:19-29. [PMID: 38013908 PMCID: PMC10540463 DOI: 10.1039/d3lp00057e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Interactive materials are an emerging class of systems that can offer control over response and adaptivity in polymer structures towards the meso- and macroscale. Here, we use enzyme regulated cleavage of peptide crosslinkers in polymer hydrogels to release a cytotoxic therapeutic nanoparticle with an adaptable mechanism. Hydrogel microplates were formed through polyethylene glycol/peptide photoinitiated thiol-ene chemistry in a soft-lithography process to give square plates of 20 by 20 μm with a height of 10 μm. The peptide was chosen to be degradable in the presence of matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 (MMP-2/9). The hydrogel material's mechanical properties, swelling, and protease degradation were characterised. The microfabricated hydrogels were loaded with docetaxel (DTXL) containing poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles, and characterised for enzyme responsivity, and toxicity to MMP-2/9 overexpressing brain cancer cell line U87-MG. A 5-fold decrease in EC50 was seen compared to free DTXL, and a 20-fold decrease was seen for the MMP responsive microplates versus a non-degradable control microplate. Potential applications of this system in post-resection glioblastoma treatment are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Cook
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Annalisa Palange
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Michele Schlich
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Elena Bellotti
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Sayanti Brahmachari
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Martina di Francesco
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 16163 Genova Italy
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10
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Lima-Sousa R, Alves CG, Melo BL, Costa FJP, Nave M, Moreira AF, Mendonça AG, Correia IJ, de Melo-Diogo D. Injectable hydrogels for the delivery of nanomaterials for cancer combinatorial photothermal therapy. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6082-6108. [PMID: 37539702 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00845b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Progress in the nanotechnology field has led to the development of a new class of materials capable of producing a temperature increase triggered by near infrared light. These photothermal nanostructures have been extensively explored in the ablation of cancer cells. Nevertheless, the available data in the literature have exposed that systemically administered nanomaterials have a poor tumor-homing capacity, hindering their full therapeutic potential. This paradigm shift has propelled the development of new injectable hydrogels for the local delivery of nanomaterials aimed at cancer photothermal therapy. These hydrogels can be assembled at the tumor site after injection (in situ forming) or can undergo a gel-sol-gel transition during injection (shear-thinning/self-healing). Besides incorporating photothermal nanostructures, these injectable hydrogels can also incorporate or be combined with other agents, paving the way for an improved therapeutic outcome. This review analyses the application of injectable hydrogels for the local delivery of nanomaterials aimed at cancer photothermal therapy as well as their combination with photodynamic-, chemo-, immuno- and radio-therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Lima-Sousa
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Cátia G Alves
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Bruna L Melo
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Francisco J P Costa
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Micaela Nave
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - André F Moreira
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - António G Mendonça
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
- Departamento de Química, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ilídio J Correia
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Duarte de Melo-Diogo
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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11
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Martins C, Pacheco C, Faria P, Sarmento B. Nanomedicine approaches for treating glioblastoma. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1135-1138. [PMID: 37593960 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Martins
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pacheco
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- IUCS-CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, Gandra, 4585-116, Portugal
| | - Paulo Faria
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- IUCS-CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, Gandra, 4585-116, Portugal
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12
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Wu Y, Qian Y, Peng W, Qi X. Functionalized nanoparticles crossing the brain-blood barrier to target glioma cells. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15571. [PMID: 37426416 PMCID: PMC10327649 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common tumor of the central nervous system (CNS), with a 5-year survival rate of <35%. Drug therapy, such as chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents, remains one of the main treatment modalities for glioma, including temozolomide, doxorubicin, bortezomib, cabazitaxel, dihydroartemisinin, immune checkpoint inhibitors, as well as other approaches such as siRNA, ferroptosis induction, etc. However, the filter function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) reduces the amount of drugs needed to effectively target CNS tumors, making it one of the main reasons for poor drug efficacies in glioma. Thus, finding a suitable drug delivery platform that can cross the BBB, increase drug aggregation and retainment in tumoral areas and avoid accumulation in non-targeted areas remains an unsolved challenge in glioma drug therapy. An ideal drug delivery system for glioma therapy should have the following features: (1) prolonged drug life in circulation and effective penetration through the BBB; (2) adequate accumulation within the tumor (3) controlled-drug release modulation; (4) good clearance from the body without significant toxicity and immunogenicity, etc. In this regard, due to their unique structural features, nanocarriers can effectively span the BBB and target glioma cells through surface functionalization, providing a new and effective strategy for drug delivery. In this article, we discuss the characteristics and pathways of different nanocarriers for crossing the BBB and targeting glioma by listing different materials for drug delivery platforms, including lipid materials, polymers, nanocrystals, inorganic nanomaterials, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Medical Research Center, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuchen Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Nguyen TT, Nguyen-Thi PT, Nguyen THA, Ho TT, Tran NMA, Van Vo T, Van Vo G. Recent Advancements in Nanomaterials: A Promising Way to Manage Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:457-473. [PMID: 37217723 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00654-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are some of the most prevalent disorders currently afflicting healthcare systems. Many of these diseases share similar pathological hallmarks, including elevated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation, all of which contribute to the deterioration of the nervous system's structure and function. The development of diagnostic and therapeutic materials in the monitoring and treatment of these diseases remains challenging. One of the biggest challenges facing therapeutic and diagnostic materials is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a multifunctional membrane possessing a plethora of biochemical, cellular, and immunological features that ensure brain homeostasis by preventing the entry and accumulation of unwanted compounds. With regards to neurodegenerative diseases, the recent application of tailored nanomaterials (nanocarriers and nanoparticles) has led to advances in diagnostics and therapeutics. In this review, we provide an overview of commonly used nanoparticles and their applications in NDs, which may offer new therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Trang Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 71420, Vietnam
| | | | - Thi Hong Anh Nguyen
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry (HUFI), 140 Le Trong Tan Street, Tay Thanh Ward, Tan Phu District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Tam Ho
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen-Minh-An Tran
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 71420, Vietnam
| | - Toi Van Vo
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Department, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Giau Van Vo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
- Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health (CGRH), School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
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14
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Zhu H, Zheng J, Oh XY, Chan CY, Low BQL, Tor JQ, Jiang W, Ye E, Loh XJ, Li Z. Nanoarchitecture-Integrated Hydrogel Systems toward Therapeutic Applications. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7953-7978. [PMID: 37071059 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels, as one of the most feasible soft biomaterials, have gained considerable attention in therapeutic applications by virtue of their tunable properties including superior patient compliance, good biocompatibility and biodegradation, and high cargo-loading efficiency. However, hydrogel application is still limited by some challenges like inefficient encapsulation, easy leakage of loaded cargoes, and the lack of controllability. Recently, nanoarchitecture-integrated hydrogel systems were found to be therapeutics with optimized properties, extending their bioapplication. In this review, we briefly presented the category of hydrogels according to their synthetic materials and further discussed the advantages in bioapplication. Additionally, various applications of nanoarchitecture hybrid hydrogels in biomedical engineering are systematically summarized, including cancer therapy, wound healing, cardiac repair, bone regeneration, diabetes therapy, and obesity therapy. Last, the current challenges, limitations, and future perspectives in the future development of nanoarchitecture-integrated flexible hydrogels are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houjuan Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jie Zheng
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xin Yi Oh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chui Yu Chan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Beverly Qian Ling Low
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jia Qian Tor
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wenbin Jiang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Enyi Ye
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Republic of Singapore
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15
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Padmakumar S, Amiji MM. Long-Acting Therapeutic Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Gliomas. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114853. [PMID: 37149040 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the emergence of cutting-edge therapeutic strategies and tremendous progress in research, a complete cure of glioma remains elusive. The heterogenous nature of tumor, immunosuppressive state and presence of blood brain barrier are few of the major obstacles in this regard. Long-acting depot formulations such as injectables and implantables are gaining attention for drug delivery to brain owing to their ease in administration and ability to elute drug locally for extended durations in a controlled manner with minimal toxicity. Hybrid matrices fabricated by incorporating nanoparticulates within such systems help to enhance pharmaceutical advantages. Utilization of long-acting depots as monotherapy or in conjunction with existing strategies rendered significant survival benefits in many preclinical studies and some clinical trials. The discovery of novel targets, immunotherapeutic strategies and alternative drug administration routes are now coupled with several long-acting systems with an ultimate aim to enhance patient survival and prevent glioma recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi Padmakumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115.
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16
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Chin SM, Reina G, Chau NDQ, Chabrol T, Wion D, Bouamrani A, Gay E, Nishina Y, Bianco A, Berger F. Functional Graphene for Peritumoral Brain Microenvironment Modulation Therapy in Glioblastoma. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2208227. [PMID: 36732906 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Peritumoral brain invasion is the main target to cure glioblastoma. Chemoradiotherapy and targeted therapies fail to combat peritumoral relapse. Brain inaccessibility and tumor heterogeneity explain this failure, combined with overlooking the peritumor microenvironment. Reduce graphene oxide (rGO) provides a unique opportunity to modulate the local brain microenvironment. Multimodal graphene impacts are reported on glioblastoma cells in vitro but fail when translated in vivo because of low diffusion. This issue is solved by developing a new rGO formulation involving ultramixing during the functionalization with polyethyleneimine (PEI) leading to the formation of highly water-stable rGO-PEI. Wide mice brain diffusion and biocompatibility are demonstrated. Using an invasive GL261 model, an anti-invasive effect is observed. A major unexpected modification of the peritumoral area is also observed with the neutralization of gliosis. In vitro, mechanistic investigations are performed using primary astrocytes and cytokine array. The result suggests that direct contact of rGO-PEIUT neutralizes astrogliosis, decreasing several proinflammatory cytokines that would explain a bystander tumor anti-invasive effect. rGO also significantly downregulates several proinvasive/protumoral cytokines at the tumor cell level. The results open the way to a new microenvironment anti-invasive nanotherapy using a new graphene nanomaterial that is optimized for in vivo brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Min Chin
- Emmanuel Gay, François Berger, INSERM UMR1205, Brain Tech Lab, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Giacomo Reina
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Ngoc Do Quyen Chau
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Tanguy Chabrol
- Emmanuel Gay, François Berger, INSERM UMR1205, Brain Tech Lab, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Didier Wion
- Emmanuel Gay, François Berger, INSERM UMR1205, Brain Tech Lab, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Ali Bouamrani
- Emmanuel Gay, François Berger, INSERM UMR1205, Brain Tech Lab, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Emmanuel Gay
- Emmanuel Gay, François Berger, INSERM UMR1205, Brain Tech Lab, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Yuta Nishina
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - François Berger
- Emmanuel Gay, François Berger, INSERM UMR1205, Brain Tech Lab, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, 38000, France
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17
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Erthal LCS, Shi Y, Sweeney KJ, Gobbo OL, Ruiz-Hernandez E. Nanocomposite formulation for a sustained release of free drug and drug-loaded responsive nanoparticles: an approach for a local therapy of glioblastoma multiforme. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5094. [PMID: 36991081 PMCID: PMC10060267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are a type of primary brain tumour that originates in glial cells. Among them, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and the most aggressive brain tumour in adults, classified as grade IV by the World Health Organization. The standard care for GBM, known as the Stupp protocol includes surgical resection followed by oral chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). This treatment option provides a median survival prognosis of only 16-18 months to patients mainly due to tumour recurrence. Therefore, enhanced treatment options are urgently needed for this disease. Here we show the development, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a new composite material for local therapy of GBM post-surgery. We developed responsive nanoparticles that were loaded with paclitaxel (PTX), and that showed penetration in 3D spheroids and cell internalization. These nanoparticles were found to be cytotoxic in 2D (U-87 cells) and 3D (U-87 spheroids) models of GBM. The incorporation of these nanoparticles into a hydrogel facilitates their sustained release in time. Moreover, the formulation of this hydrogel containing PTX-loaded responsive nanoparticles and free TMZ was able to delay tumour recurrence in vivo after resection surgery. Therefore, our formulation represents a promising approach to develop combined local therapies against GBM using injectable hydrogels containing nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza C S Erthal
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kieron J Sweeney
- National Neurosurgical Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Oliviero L Gobbo
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Hernandez
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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18
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Gherardini L, Vetri Buratti V, Maturi M, Inzalaco G, Locatelli E, Sambri L, Gargiulo S, Barone V, Bonente D, Bertelli E, Tortorella S, Franci L, Fioravanti A, Comes Franchini M, Chiariello M. Loco-regional treatment with temozolomide-loaded thermogels prevents glioblastoma recurrences in orthotopic human xenograft models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4630. [PMID: 36944737 PMCID: PMC10030813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31811-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary tumor of the central nervous system and the diagnosis is often dismal. GBM pharmacological treatment is strongly limited by its intracranial location beyond the blood-brain barrier (BBB). While Temozolomide (TMZ) exhibits the best clinical performance, still less than 20% crosses the BBB, therefore requiring administration of very high doses with resulting unnecessary systemic side effects. Here, we aimed at designing new negative temperature-responsive gel formulations able to locally release TMZ beyond the BBB. The biocompatibility of a chitosan-β-glycerophosphate-based thermogel (THG)-containing mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles (THG@SiO2) or polycaprolactone microparticles (THG@PCL) was ascertained in vitro and in vivo by cell counting and histological examination. Next, we loaded TMZ into such matrices (THG@SiO2-TMZ and THG@PCL-TMZ) and tested their therapeutic potential both in vitro and in vivo, in a glioblastoma resection and recurrence mouse model based on orthotopic growth of human cancer cells. The two newly designed anticancer formulations, consisting in TMZ-silica (SiO2@TMZ) dispersed in the thermogel matrix (THG@SiO2-TMZ) and TMZ, spray-dried on PLC and incorporated into the thermogel (THG@PCL-TMZ), induced cell death in vitro. When applied intracranially to a resected U87-MG-Red-FLuc human GBM model, THG@SiO2-TMZ and THG@PCL-TMZ caused a significant reduction in the growth of tumor recurrences, when compared to untreated controls. THG@SiO2-TMZ and THG@PCL-TMZ are therefore new promising gel-based local therapy candidates for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gherardini
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fiorentina, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Veronica Vetri Buratti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mirko Maturi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Inzalaco
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fiorentina, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL), Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
- University of Siena, Siena, Via Banchi di Sotto 55, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Erica Locatelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Letizia Sambri
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Gargiulo
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fiorentina, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Virginia Barone
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Denise Bonente
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Eugenio Bertelli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Tortorella
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Franci
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fiorentina, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL), Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Comes Franchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Mario Chiariello
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fiorentina, 53100, Siena, Italy.
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL), Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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19
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Mi D, Li J, Wang R, Li Y, Zou L, Sun C, Yan S, Yang H, Zhao M, Shi S. Postsurgical wound management and prevention of triple-negative breast cancer recurrence with a pryoptosis-inducing, photopolymerizable hydrogel. J Control Release 2023; 356:205-218. [PMID: 36870543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Surgical removal remains the predominant treatment strategy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, risks that include high locoregional recurrence and remote metastasis threaten patient survival and quality of life after surgery. In this study, a hydrogel based on poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate and sericin methacryloyl was fabricated by photopolymerization to fill the resection cavity and prevent recurrence. The obtained hydrogel exhibited mechanical properties compatible with breast tissue and facilitated postsurgical wound management by promoting tissue regeneration. The DNA methylation inhibitor decitabine (DEC) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)-encapsulated phytochemical gambogic acid (GA) were loaded into the hydrogel. The as-prepared hydrogel promoted fast release of DEC and sustained release of GA, leading to gasdermin E-mediated tumor cell pyroptosis and activating antitumor immune responses. Inducing postsurgical tumor cell pyroptosis inhibited local tumor recurrence and lung metastasis. While the dual-drug-loaded hydrogel system cured less than half of tumor-bearing mice, the cured mice survived for over half a year. These findings indicate that our hydrogel system is an excellent biocompatible platform for postsurgical TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Rujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yuke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shenao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Huan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Mengnan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Sanjun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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20
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Qian Q, Song J, Chen C, Pu Q, Liu X, Wang H. Recent advances in hydrogels for preventing tumor recurrence. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:2678-2692. [PMID: 36877511 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00003f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Malignant tumors remain a high-risk disease with high mortality all over the world. Among all the cancer treatments, surgery is the primary approach in the clinical treatment of tumors. However, tumor invasion and metastasis pose challenges for complete tumor resection, accompanied by high recurrence rates and reduced quality of life. Hence, there is an urgent need to explore effective adjuvant therapies to prevent postoperative tumor recurrence and relieve the pain of the patients. Nowadays, the booming local drug delivery systems which can be applied as postoperative adjuvant therapies have aroused people's attention, along with the rapid development in the pharmaceutical and biological materials fields. Hydrogels are a kind of unique carrier with prominent biocompatibility among a variety of biomaterials. Due to their high similarity to human tissues, hydrogels which load drugs/growth factors can prevent rejection reactions and promote wound healing. In addition, hydrogels are able to cover the postoperative site and maintain sustained drug release for the prevention of tumor recurrence. In this review, we survey controlled drug delivery hydrogels such as implantable, injectable and sprayable formulations and summarize the properties required for hydrogels used as postoperative adjuvant therapies. The opportunities and challenges in the design and clinical application of these hydrogels are also elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhui Qian
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Jie Song
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Qian Pu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Xingcheng Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Huili Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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21
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Qi Z, Yan Z, Tan G, Jia T, Geng Y, Shao H, Kundu SC, Lu S. Silk Fibroin Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Where Do We Stand and How Far Can We Proceed? Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020355. [PMID: 36839676 PMCID: PMC9964088 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microneedles are a patient-friendly technique for delivering drugs to the site of action in place of traditional oral and injectable administration. Silk fibroin represents an interesting polymeric biomaterial because of its mechanical properties, thermal stability, biocompatibility and possibility of control via genetic engineering. This review focuses on the critical research progress of silk fibroin microneedles since their inception, analyzes in detail the structure and properties of silk fibroin, the types of silk fibroin microneedles, drug delivery applications and clinical trials, and summarizes the future development trend in this field. It also proposes the future research direction of silk fibroin microneedles, including increasing drug loading doses and enriching drug loading types as well as exploring silk fibroin microneedles with stimulation-responsive drug release functions. The safety and effectiveness of silk fibroin microneedles should be further verified in clinical trials at different stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guohongfang Tan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tianshuo Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yiyu Geng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huiyan Shao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Subhas C. Kundu
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegrabilities, and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Guimaraes, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal
| | - Shenzhou Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-512-67061152
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22
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Zhu H, Li B, Yu Chan C, Low Qian Ling B, Tor J, Yi Oh X, Jiang W, Ye E, Li Z, Jun Loh X. Advances in Single-component inorganic nanostructures for photoacoustic imaging guided photothermal therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 192:114644. [PMID: 36493906 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phototheranostic based on photothermal therapy (PTT) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI), as one of avant-garde medical techniques, have sparked growing attention because it allows noninvasive, deeply penetrative, and highly selective and effective therapy. Among a variety of phototheranostic nanoagents, single-component inorganic nanostructures are found to be novel and attractive PAI and PTT combined nanotheranostic agents and received tremendous attention, which not only exhibit structural controllability, high tunability in physiochemical properties, size-dependent optical properties, high reproducibility, simple composition, easy functionalization, and simple synthesis process, but also can be endowed with multiple therapeutic and imaging functions, realizing the superior therapy result along with bringing less foreign materials into body, reducing systemic side effects and improving the bioavailability. In this review, according to their synthetic components, conventional single-component inorganic nanostructures are divided into metallic nanostructures, metal dichalcogenides, metal oxides, carbon based nanostructures, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), MXenes, graphdiyne and other nanostructures. On the basis of this category, their detailed applications in PAI guide PTT of tumor treatment are systematically reviewed, including synthesis strategies, corresponding performances, and cancer diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy. Before these, the factors to influence on photothermal effect and the principle of in vivo PAI are briefly presented. Finally, we also comprehensively and thoroughly discussed the limitation, potential barriers, future perspectives for research and clinical translation of this single-component inorganic nanoagent in biomedical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houjuan Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Bofan Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore; Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Chui Yu Chan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Beverly Low Qian Ling
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jiaqian Tor
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Xin Yi Oh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Wenbin Jiang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Enyi Ye
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore; Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore; Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore.
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23
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Sperring CP, Argenziano MG, Savage WM, Teasley DE, Upadhyayula PS, Winans NJ, Canoll P, Bruce JN. Convection-enhanced delivery of immunomodulatory therapy for high-grade glioma. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad044. [PMID: 37215957 PMCID: PMC10195574 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for glioblastoma has remained poor despite multimodal standard of care treatment, including temozolomide, radiation, and surgical resection. Further, the addition of immunotherapies, while promising in a number of other solid tumors, has overwhelmingly failed in the treatment of gliomas, in part due to the immunosuppressive microenvironment and poor drug penetrance to the brain. Local delivery of immunomodulatory therapies circumvents some of these challenges and has led to long-term remission in select patients. Many of these approaches utilize convection-enhanced delivery (CED) for immunological drug delivery, allowing high doses to be delivered directly to the brain parenchyma, avoiding systemic toxicity. Here, we review the literature encompassing immunotherapies delivered via CED-from preclinical model systems to clinical trials-and explore how their unique combination elicits an antitumor response by the immune system, decreases toxicity, and improves survival among select high-grade glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin P Sperring
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael G Argenziano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - William M Savage
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Damian E Teasley
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pavan S Upadhyayula
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nathan J Winans
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bruce
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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24
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Flexible polymeric patch based nanotherapeutics against non-cancer therapy. Bioact Mater 2022; 18:471-491. [PMID: 35415299 PMCID: PMC8971585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible polymeric patches find widespread applications in biomedicine because of their biological and tunable features including excellent patient compliance, superior biocompatibility and biodegradation, as well as high loading capability and permeability of drug. Such polymeric patches are classified into microneedles (MNs), hydrogel, microcapsule, microsphere and fiber depending on the formed morphology. The combination of nanomaterials with polymeric patches allows for improved advantages of increased curative efficacy and lowered systemic toxicity, promoting on-demand and regulated drug administration, thus providing the great potential to their clinic translation. In this review, the category of flexible polymeric patches that are utilized to integrate with nanomaterials is briefly presented and their advantages in bioapplications are further discussed. The applications of nanomaterials embedded polymeric patches in non-cancerous diseases were also systematically reviewed, including diabetes therapy, wound healing, dermatological disease therapy, bone regeneration, cardiac repair, hair repair, obesity therapy and some immune disease therapy. Alternatively, the limitations, latest challenges and future perspectives of such biomedical therapeutic devices are addressed. The most explored polymeric patches, such as microneedle, hydrogel, microsphere, microcapsule, and fiber are summarized. Polymeric patches integrated with a diversity of nanomaterials are systematically overviewed in non-cancer therapy. The future prospective for the development of polymeric patch based nanotherapeutics is discussed.
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25
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Madsen SJ, Devarajan AG, Chandekar A, Nguyen L, Hirschberg H. Fibrin glue as a local drug and photosensitizer delivery system for photochemical internalization: Potential for bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 41:103206. [PMID: 36414151 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy has had disappointing results in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This is in part due to limited systemic drug penetration through the blood-brain barrier. This limitation can be overcome by implantation of drug-loaded hydrogels, such as fibrin glue (FG), directly into the tumor resection cavity. Photochemical internalization (PCI) has been shown to enhance the efficacy of a large number of chemotherapeutic agents, including bleomycin (BLM). This study examined the ability of loaded FG to release BLM and photosensitizer to enable PCI-induced growth inhibition of glioma spheroids in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS FG layers, loaded with drug and photosensitizer, were formed in wells of a 24-well plate. Supernatants covering the FG layers were harvested after 48 h. F98 glioma spheroids were co-incubated with harvested supernatants for 24 h, followed by light exposure. Spheroid growth was monitored for an additional 14 days. RESULTS 100% of the drug bleomycin and 90% of the photosensitizer (AlPcS2a) was released from the FG over a 48 h interval. Spheroid growth was significantly inhibited or completely suppressed by PCI of released drug and photosensitizer in many of the concentration combinations tested. PCI-induced growth inhibition increased with increasing light levels. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that both drug and photosensitizer were loaded into and released in a non-degraded form for an extended time period. The growth inhibition caused by FG-released BLM was significantly enhanced by FG-released AlPcS2a-mediated PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steen J Madsen
- Dept. of Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Nevada, 4505 South Maryland Pkwy, Box 453037, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States of America.
| | - Ananya Ganga Devarajan
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 United States of America
| | - Akhil Chandekar
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 United States of America
| | - Lina Nguyen
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 United States of America
| | - Henry Hirschberg
- Dept. of Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Nevada, 4505 South Maryland Pkwy, Box 453037, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States of America; Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 United States of America
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26
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Gao J, Pan L, Zhang X, Ye C, Chen J, Li C. Host-guest complexation of cyclophosphamide by carboxylatopillar[6]arene for increasing stability and enhancing its curative effect on breast carcinoma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 78:129060. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Advances in Preclinical/Clinical Glioblastoma Treatment: Can Nanoparticles Be of Help? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194960. [PMID: 36230883 PMCID: PMC9563739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As one of the most lethal human cancers, glioblastoma treatment is a real challenge because of several resistance mechanisms, including limited drug entry into the central nervous system through the blood–brain barrier and the vast heterogeneity of this family of tumors. In the development of precision medicine, various nanoconstructs are being proposed to cross the BBB, specifically target GB tumors, release the therapeutic cargo in a controlled manner, and reduce therapeutic resistance. This review summarizes the different families of nanoparticles and approaches followed so far pursuing these aims. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GB) is the most aggressive and frequent primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system (CNS), with unsatisfactory and challenging treatment nowadays. Current standard of care includes surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, these treatments do not much improve the overall survival of GB patients, which is still below two years (the 5-year survival rate is below 7%). Despite various approaches having been followed to increase the release of anticancer drugs into the brain, few of them demonstrated a significant success, as the blood brain barrier (BBB) still restricts its uptake, thus limiting the therapeutic options. Therefore, enormous efforts are being devoted to the development of novel nanomedicines with the ability to cross the BBB and specifically target the cancer cells. In this context, the use of nanoparticles represents a promising non-invasive route, allowing to evade BBB and reducing systemic concentration of drugs and, hence, side effects. In this review, we revise with a critical view the different families of nanoparticles and approaches followed so far with this aim.
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Mehra A, Tharmatt A, Saini N, Singh G, Kaur K, Singh G, Bedi N. In situ Hydrogels for Effective Treatment of Cancer: Strategies and Polymers Used. RECENT ADVANCES IN DRUG DELIVERY AND FORMULATION 2022; 16:RADDF-EPUB-126772. [PMID: 36200152 DOI: 10.2174/2667387816666221005102931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a worldwide health ailment with no known boundaries in terms of mortality and occurrence rates, thus is one of the biggest threats to humankind. Hence, there is an absolute need to develop novel therapeutics to bridge the infirmities associated with chemotherapy and conventional surgical methodologies including impairment of normal tissue, compromised drug efficiency and an escalation in side effects. In lieu of this, there's been a surge in curiosity towards development of injectable hydrogels for cancer therapy because local administration of the active pharmaceutical agent offers encouraging advantages such as providing higher effective dose at target site, prolonged retention time of drug, ease of administration, mitigation of dose in vivo ,improved patient compliance. Furthermore, due to its biocompatible nature such systems can significantly reduce the side effects that occur on long-term exposure to chemotherapy. The present review details the most recent advancements in in-situ gel forming polymers (natural and synthetic), polymeric cross-linking methodologies and in-situ gelling mechanisms, focusing on their clinical benefits in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshula Mehra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab-143005, India
| | - Abhay Tharmatt
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan-333031, India
| | - Navdeep Saini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab-143005, India
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab-143005, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab-143005, India
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab-143005, India
| | - Neena Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab-143005, India
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Sandbhor P, Goda JS, Mohanty B, Chaudhari P, Dutt S, Banerjee R. Bio-polymeric transferrin-targeted temozolomide nanoparticles in gel for synergistic post-surgical GBM therapy. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12773-12788. [PMID: 36001382 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00171c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal targeting of anti-glioma drugs remains a pressing issue in glioblastoma (GBM) treatment. We challenge this issue by developing a minimally invasive in situ implantable hydrogel implant comprising transferrin-targeted temozolomide-miltefosine nanovesicles in the surgically resected GBM cavity (tumour bed). Injection of the "nanovesicle in hydrogel system" in orthotopic GBM-bearing mice improved drug penetration into the peri-cavitary region (∼4.5 mm in depth) with the potential to act as a bridge therapy in the immediate postoperative period, before the initiation of adjuvant radiotherapy. The controlled and sustained release of temozolomide over a month in the surgical cavity eradicated the microscopic GBM cells present within the tumour bed, thereby augmenting the efficacy of adjuvant therapy. The drug (temozolomide and miltefosine) combination was tolerable and efficiently inhibited tumour growth, causing significant prolongation of the survival of tumour-bearing mice compared to that with the free drug. Direct implantation at the target site in the brain resulted in spatiotemporal anti-glioma activity with minimal extracranial and systemic distribution. Nanovesicle in flexible hydrogel systems can be used as potential platforms for the post-surgical management of GBM before initiating adjuvant radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Sandbhor
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Jayant S Goda
- Radiation Oncology Department, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar Navi-Mumbai, and Homi Bhabha National Institute, India.
| | - Bhabani Mohanty
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
- Department of Comparative Oncology and Small Animal Imaging Facility, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar Navi-Mumbai, and Homi Bhabha National Institute, India
| | - Pradip Chaudhari
- Radiation Oncology Department, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar Navi-Mumbai, and Homi Bhabha National Institute, India.
- Department of Comparative Oncology and Small Animal Imaging Facility, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar Navi-Mumbai, and Homi Bhabha National Institute, India
| | - Shilpee Dutt
- Department Shilpee Lab/DNA Repair and Cellular Oncology Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Center, Kharghar Navi-Mumbai, and Homi Bhabha National Institute, India
| | - Rinti Banerjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
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Rajan R, Pal K, Jayadev D, Jayan JS, U A, Appukuttan S, de Souza FG, Joseph K, Kumar SS. Polymeric Nanoparticles in Hybrid Catalytic Processing and Drug Delivery System. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pitz M, Elpers M, Nukovic A, Wilde S, Gregory AJ, Alexander-Bryant A. De Novo Self-Assembling Peptides Mediate the Conversion of Temozolomide and Delivery of a Model Drug into Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092164. [PMID: 36140265 PMCID: PMC9495814 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive central nervous system tumor, and standard treatment, including surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy, has not significantly improved patient outcomes over the last 20 years. Temozolomide (TMZ), the prodrug most commonly used to treat GBM, must pass the blood–brain barrier and requires a basic pH to convert to its active form. Due to these barriers, less than 30% of orally delivered TMZ reaches the central nervous system and becomes bioactive. In this work, we have developed a novel biomaterial delivery system to convert TMZ to its active form and that shows promise for intracellular TMZ delivery. Self-assembling peptides were characterized under several different assembly conditions and evaluated for TMZ loading and conversion. Both solvent and method of assembly were found to affect the supramolecular and secondary structure of peptide assemblies. Additionally, as peptides degraded in phosphate-buffered saline, TMZ was rapidly converted to its active form. This work demonstrates that peptide-based drug delivery systems can effectively create a local stimulus during drug delivery while remaining biocompatible. This principle could be used in many future biomedical applications in addition to cancer treatment, such as wound healing and regenerative medicine.
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Intracranial In Situ Thermosensitive Hydrogel Delivery of Temozolomide Accomplished by PLGA–PEG–PLGA Triblock Copolymer Blending for GBM Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163368. [PMID: 36015626 PMCID: PMC9413267 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence after surgical excision has grown to be a formidable obstacle to conquer. In this research, biodegradable thermosensitive triblock copolymer, poly(D, L–lactic acid–co–glycolic acid)–b–poly(ethylene glycol)–b–poly(D, L–lactic acid–co–glycolic acid (PLGA–PEG–PLGA) was utilized as the drug delivery system, loading with micronized temozolomide(micro-TMZ) to form an in situ drug–gel depot inside the resection cavity. The rheology studies revealed the viscoelastic profile of hydrogel under various conditions. To examine the molecular characteristics that affect gelation temperature, 1H–NMR, inverse gated decoupling 13C–NMR, and GPC were utilized. Cryo-SEM and XRD were intended to disclose the appearance of the hydrogel and the micro-TMZ existence state. We worked out how to blend polymers to modify the gelation point (Tgel) and fit the correlation between Tgel and other dependent variables using linear regression. To simulate hydrogel dissolution in cerebrospinal fluid, a membraneless dissolution approach was used. In vitro, micro-TMZ@PLGA–PEG–PLGA hydrogel exhibited Korsmeyer–Peppas and zero–order release kinetics in response to varying drug loading, and in vivo, it suppressed GBM recurrence at an astoundingly high rate. Micro-TMZ@PLGA–PEG–PLGA demonstrates a safer and more effective form of chemotherapy than intraperitoneal TMZ injection, resulting in a spectacular survival rate (40%, n = 10) that is much more than intraperitoneal TMZ injection (22%, n = 9). By proving the viability and efficacy of micro-TMZ@PLGA–PEG–PLGA hydrogel, our research established a novel chemotherapeutic strategy for treating GBM recurrence.
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Dong M, Shi C, Yu X, Yang Q, Wu S, Liu R, Liu T, Wang L, Niu W. Milk-derived small extracellular vesicles: nanomaterials to promote bone formation. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:370. [PMID: 35953855 PMCID: PMC9367159 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are an important component in the paracrine pathway. They can be used as a substitute for seed cells and have shown good application prospects in promoting bone regeneration. Cow’s milk could be used as a source of sEVs with good biocompatibility and cost-effectiveness, with easy availability, low cost and low toxicity. This study focused on the role and mechanism of small extracellular vesicles derived from milk in bone repair. In order to explore the mechanism via which Milk-sEVs promote bone repair, we screened the differential gene GJA1 in Milk-sEV-treated osteoblasts through transcriptome chips, and verified the transcript AP3B1 of GJA1 through chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP). We have proved by in vivo and in vitro experiments that milk-derived sEVs (Milk-sEVs) increase the repair ability of bone tissue, and promote expression of the osteogenic gene GJA1 through the transcript AP3B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dong
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Chun Shi
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinxin Yu
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Yang
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Saixuan Wu
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Runyuan Liu
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Tingjiao Liu
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200003, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Lina Wang
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China.
| | - Weidong Niu
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China.
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Liu Y, Wang W, Zhang D, Sun Y, Li F, Zheng M, Lovejoy DB, Zou Y, Shi B. Brain co‐delivery of first‐line chemotherapy drug and epigenetic bromodomain inhibitor for multidimensional enhanced synergistic glioblastoma therapy. EXPLORATION 2022; 2:20210274. [PMCID: PMC10190947 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Liu
- Henan–Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio‐nanomedicine School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Wendie Wang
- Henan–Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio‐nanomedicine School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Dongya Zhang
- Henan–Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio‐nanomedicine School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Yajing Sun
- Henan–Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio‐nanomedicine School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Fangzhou Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China Beijing China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Henan–Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio‐nanomedicine School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
| | - David B. Lovejoy
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research Macquarie Medical School Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Yan Zou
- Henan–Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio‐nanomedicine School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research Macquarie Medical School Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan–Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio‐nanomedicine School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research Macquarie Medical School Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Neganova ME, Aleksandrova YR, Sukocheva OA, Klochkov SG. Benefits and limitations of nanomedicine treatment of brain cancers and age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:805-833. [PMID: 35779712 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of central nervous system (CNS) malignancies, including brain cancers, is limited by a number of obstructions, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the heterogeneity and high invasiveness of tumors, the inaccessibility of tissues for early diagnosis and effective surgery, and anti-cancer drug resistance. Therapies employing nanomedicine have been shown to facilitate drug penetration across the BBB and maintain biodistribution and accumulation of therapeutic agents at the desired target site. The application of lipid-, polymer-, or metal-based nanocarriers represents an advanced drug delivery system for a growing group of anti-cancer chemicals. The nanocarrier surface is designed to contain an active ligand (cancer cell marker or antibody)-binding structure which can be modified to target specific cancer cells. Glioblastoma, ependymoma, neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, and primary CNS lymphomas were recently targeted by easily absorbed nanocarriers. The metal- (such as transferrin drug-loaded systems), polymer- (nanocapsules and nanospheres), or lipid- (such as sulfatide-containing nanoliposomes)-based nano-vehicles were loaded with apoptosis- and/or ferroptosis-stimulating agents and demonstrated promising anti-cancer effects. This review aims to discuss effective nanomedicine approaches designed to overcome the current limitations in the therapy of brain cancers and age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders. To accent current obstacles for successful CNS-based cancer therapy, we discuss nanomedicine perspectives and limitations of nanodrug use associated with the specificity of nervous tissue characteristics and the effects nanocarriers have on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Yulia R Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Olga A Sukocheva
- School of Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Sergey G Klochkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
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Novel Gels: An Emerging Approach for Delivering of Therapeutic Molecules and Recent Trends. Gels 2022; 8:gels8050316. [PMID: 35621614 PMCID: PMC9140900 DOI: 10.3390/gels8050316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gels are semisolid, homogeneous systems with continuous or discrete therapeutic molecules in a suitable lipophilic or hydrophilic three-dimensional network base. Innovative gel systems possess multipurpose applications in cosmetics, food, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and so forth. Formulating a gel-based delivery system is simple and the delivery system enables the release of loaded therapeutic molecules. Furthermore, it facilitates the delivery of molecules via various routes as these gel-based systems offer proximal surface contact between a loaded therapeutic molecule and an absorption site. In the past decade, researchers have potentially explored and established a significant understanding of gel-based delivery systems for drug delivery. Subsequently, they have enabled the prospects of developing novel gel-based systems that illicit drug release by specific biological or external stimuli, such as temperature, pH, enzymes, ultrasound, antigens, etc. These systems are considered smart gels for their broad applications. This review reflects the significant role of advanced gel-based delivery systems for various therapeutic benefits. This detailed discussion is focused on strategies for the formulation of different novel gel-based systems, as well as it highlights the current research trends of these systems and patented technologies.
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Ma J, Wang B, Shao H, Zhang S, Chen X, Li F, Liang W. Hydrogels for localized chemotherapy of liver cancer: a possible strategy for improved and safe liver cancer treatment. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1457-1476. [PMID: 35532174 PMCID: PMC9090357 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2070299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The systemic drug has historically been preferred for the treatment of the majority of pathological conditions, particularly liver cancer. Indeed, this mode of treatment is associated with adverse reactions, toxicity, off-target accumulation, and rapid hepatic and renal clearance. Numerous efforts have been made to design systemic therapeutic carriers to improve retention while decreasing side effects and clearance. Following systemic medication, local administration of therapeutic agents allows for higher 'effective' doses with fewer side effects, kidney accumulation, and clearance. Hydrogels are highly biocompatible and can be used for both imaging and therapy. Hydrogel-based drug delivery approach has fewer side effects than traditional chemotherapy and can deliver drugs to tumors for a longer time. The chemical and physical flexibility of hydrogels can be used to achieve disease-induced in situ accumulation as well as subsequent drug release and hydrogel-programmed degradation. Moreover, they can act as a biocompatible depot for localized chemotherapy when stimuli-responsive carriers are administrated. Herein, we summarize the design strategies of various hydrogels used for localized chemotherapy of liver cancer and their delivery routes, as well as recent research on smart hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Ma
- Department of General Practice, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Bingzhu Wang
- Internal Medicine of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Haibin Shao
- Internal Medicine of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Songou Zhang
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Chen
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Feize Li
- Internal Medicine of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Wenqing Liang
- Medical Research Center, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
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38
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Mao X, Calero-Pérez P, Montpeyó D, Bruna J, Yuste VJ, Candiota AP, Lorenzo J, Novio F, Ruiz-Molina D. Intranasal Administration of Catechol-Based Pt(IV) Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles for Glioblastoma Therapy. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071221. [PMID: 35407338 PMCID: PMC9003391 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin has been described as a potent anticancer agent for decades. However, in the case of glioblastomas, it is only considered a rescue treatment applied after the failure of second-line treatments. Herein, based on the versatility offered by coordination chemistry, we engineered nanoparticles by reaction of a platinum (IV) prodrug and iron metal ions showing in vitro dual pH- and redox-sensitivity, controlled release and comparable cytotoxicity to cisplatin against HeLa and GL261 cells. In vivo intranasal administration in orthotopic preclinical GL261 glioblastoma tumor-bearing mice demonstrated increased accumulation of platinum in tumors, leading in some cases to complete cure and prolonged survival of the tested cohort. This was corroborated by a magnetic resonance imaging follow-up, thus opening new opportunities for intranasal glioblastoma therapies while minimizing side effects. The findings derived from this research showed the potentiality of this approach as a novel therapy for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Mao
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (X.M.); (D.R.-M.)
| | - Pilar Calero-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - David Montpeyó
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jordi Bruna
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-ICO (IDIBELL), Avinguda de la Gran Via de l’Hospitalet, 199-203, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Victor J. Yuste
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Candiota
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.P.C.); (J.L.); (F.N.); Tel.: +34-935814126 (A.P.C.); +34-935868957 (J.L.); +34-937373630 (F.N.)
| | - Julia Lorenzo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.P.C.); (J.L.); (F.N.); Tel.: +34-935814126 (A.P.C.); +34-935868957 (J.L.); +34-937373630 (F.N.)
| | - Fernando Novio
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (X.M.); (D.R.-M.)
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.P.C.); (J.L.); (F.N.); Tel.: +34-935814126 (A.P.C.); +34-935868957 (J.L.); +34-937373630 (F.N.)
| | - Daniel Ruiz-Molina
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (X.M.); (D.R.-M.)
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Fabrication and Modelling of a Reservoir-Based Drug Delivery System for Customizable Release. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040777. [PMID: 35456611 PMCID: PMC9025308 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized therapy approaches have emerged as an alternative drug administration route to overcome the limitations of systemic therapies, such as the crossing of the blood–brain barrier in the case of brain tumor treatment. For this, implantable drug delivery systems (DDS) have been developed and extensively researched. However, to achieve an effective localized treatment, the release kinetics of DDS needs to be controlled in a defined manner, so that the concentration at the tumor site is within the therapeutic window. Thus, a DDS, with patient-specific release kinetics, is crucial for the improvement of therapy. Here, we present a computationally supported reservoir-based DDS (rDDS) development towards patient-specific release kinetics. The rDDS consists of a reservoir surrounded by a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel membrane. By tailoring the rDDS, in terms of membrane porosity, geometry, and drug concentration, the release profiles can be precisely adapted, with respect to the maximum concentration, release rate, and release time. The release is investigated using a model dye for varying parameters, leading to different distinct release profiles, with a maximum release of up to 60 days. Finally, a computational simulation, considering exemplary in vivo conditions (e.g., exchange of cerebrospinal fluid), is used to study the resulting drug release profiles, demonstrating the customizability of the system. The establishment of a computationally supported workflow, for development towards a patient-specific rDDS, in combination with the transfer to suitable drugs, could significantly improve the efficacy of localized therapy approaches.
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40
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Liu Z, Ji X, He D, Zhang R, Liu Q, Xin T. Nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems in Glioblastoma. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:27. [PMID: 35171358 PMCID: PMC8850533 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03668-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive cerebral tumor in adults. However, the current pharmaceuticals in GBM treatment are mainly restricted to few chemotherapeutic drugs and have limited efficacy. Therefore, various nanoscale biomaterials that possess distinct structure and unique property were constructed as vehicles to precisely deliver molecules with potential therapeutic effect. In this review, nanoparticle drug delivery systems including CNTs, GBNs, C-dots, MOFs, Liposomes, MSNs, GNPs, PMs, Dendrimers and Nanogel were exemplified. The advantages and disadvantages of these nanoparticles in GBM treatment were illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Dong He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Tao Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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Bruinsmann FA, de Cristo Soares Alves A, de Fraga Dias A, Lopes Silva LF, Visioli F, Raffin Pohlmann A, Figueiró F, Sonvico F, Stanisçuaski Guterres S. Nose-to-brain delivery of simvastatin mediated by chitosan-coated lipid-core nanocapsules allows for the treatment of glioblastoma in vivo. Int J Pharm 2022; 616:121563. [PMID: 35151819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal malignant brain tumor. Despite simvastatin (SVT) showing potential anticancer properties, its antitumoral effect against glioblastoma appears limited when the conventional oral administration route is selected. As a consequence, nose-to-brain delivery has been proposed as an alternative route to deliver SVT into the brain. This study aimed to prepare chitosan-coated simvastatin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (LNCSVT-chit) suitable for nose-to-brain delivery and capable of fostering antitumor effects against glioblastoma both in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that the nanocapsules present adequate particle size (mean diameter below 200 nm), narrow particle size distribution (PDI < 0.2), positive zeta potential and high encapsulation efficiency (nearly 100%). In vitro cytotoxicity of LNCSVT-chit was comparable to non-encapsulated SVT in C6 rat glioma cells, whereas LNCSVT-chit were more cytotoxic than non-encapsulated SVT after 72 h of incubation against U-138 MG human glioblastoma cell line. In studies carried out in rats, LNCSVT-chit significantly enhanced the amount of drug in rat brain tissue after intranasal administration (2.4-fold) when compared with free SVT. Moreover, LNCSVT-chit promoted a significant decrease in tumor growth and malignancy in glioma-bearing rats in comparison to control and free SVT groups. Additionally, LNCSVT-chit did not cause any toxicity in treated rats. Considered overall, the results demonstrated that the nose-to-brain administration of LNCSVT-chit represents a novel potential strategy for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Aline Bruinsmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Aline de Cristo Soares Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Fraga Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035 000, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Lopes Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035 000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Adriana Raffin Pohlmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Figueiró
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035 000, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Innovation in Health Products - Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, Padiglione 33, Campus Universitario, 43124 Parma, PR, Italy.
| | - Silvia Stanisçuaski Guterres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil.
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Mathew EN, Berry BC, Yang HW, Carroll RS, Johnson MD. Delivering Therapeutics to Glioblastoma: Overcoming Biological Constraints. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031711. [PMID: 35163633 PMCID: PMC8835860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most lethal intrinsic brain tumor. Even with the existing treatment regimen of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the median survival time is only 15–23 months. The invasive nature of this tumor makes its complete removal very difficult, leading to a high recurrence rate of over 90%. Drug delivery to glioblastoma is challenging because of the molecular and cellular heterogeneity of the tumor, its infiltrative nature, and the blood–brain barrier. Understanding the critical characteristics that restrict drug delivery to the tumor is necessary to develop platforms for the enhanced delivery of effective treatments. In this review, we address the impact of tumor invasion, the molecular and cellular heterogeneity of the tumor, and the blood–brain barrier on the delivery and distribution of drugs using potential therapeutic delivery options such as convection-enhanced delivery, controlled release systems, nanomaterial systems, peptide-based systems, and focused ultrasound.
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43
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Gazaille C, Sicot M, Saulnier P, Eyer J, Bastiat G. Local Delivery and Glioblastoma: Why Not Combining Sustained Release and Targeting? FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 3:791596. [PMID: 35047971 PMCID: PMC8757870 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.791596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive brain tumors and is associated with a very low overall median survival despite the current treatment. The standard of care used in clinic is the Stupp's protocol which consists of a maximal resection of the tumor when possible, followed by radio and chemotherapy using temozolomide. However, in most cases, glioblastoma cells infiltrate healthy tissues and lead to fatal recurrences. There are a lot of hurdles to overcome in the development of new therapeutic strategies such as tumor heterogeneity, cell infiltration, alkylating agent resistance, physiological barriers, etc., and few treatments are on the market today. One of them is particularly appealing because it is a local therapy, which does not bring additional invasiveness since tumor resection is included in the gold standard treatment. They are implants: the Gliadel® wafers, which are deposited post-surgery. Nevertheless, in addition to presenting important undesirable effects, it does not bring any major benefit in the therapy despite the strategy being particularly attractive. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of recent advances in the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma using an implant-type approach. The combination of this local strategy with effective targeting of the tumor microenvironment as a whole, also developed in this review, may be of interest to alleviate some of the obstacles encountered in the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion Sicot
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | | | - Joël Eyer
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
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Design of Bio-Responsive Hyaluronic Acid-Doxorubicin Conjugates for the Local Treatment of Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010124. [PMID: 35057020 PMCID: PMC8781529 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an unmet clinical need. Local treatment strategies offer advantages, such as the possibility to bypass the blood–brain barrier, achieving high drug concentrations at the glioblastoma site, and consequently reducing systemic toxicity. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using hyaluronic acid (HA) for the local treatment of glioblastoma. HA was conjugated to doxorubicin (DOX) with distinct bio-responsive linkers (direct amide conjugation HA-NH-DOX), direct hydrazone conjugation (HA-Hz-DOX), and adipic hydrazone (HA-AdpHz-DOX). All HA-DOX conjugates displayed a small size (less than 30 nm), suitable for brain diffusion. HA-Hz-DOX showed the best performance in killing GBM cells in both 2D and 3D in vitro models and displayed superior activity in a subcutaneous GL261 tumor model in vivo compared to free DOX and other HA-DOX conjugates. Altogether, these results demonstrate the feasibility of HA as a polymeric platform for the local treatment of glioblastoma and the importance of rationally designing conjugates.
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45
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Wang Z, Yang Z, Jiang J, Shi Z, Mao Y, Qin N, Tao TH. Silk Microneedle Patch Capable of On-Demand Multidrug Delivery to the Brain for Glioblastoma Treatment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106606. [PMID: 34618380 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. Surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy remains the standard treatment strategy for GBM patients. However, challenges still exist when surgery is difficult or impossible to remove the tumor completely. Herein, the design, fabrication and application of a heterogenous silk fibroin microneedle (SMN) patch is reported for circumventing the blood-brain barrier and releasing multiple drugs directly to the tumor site for drug combination treatment. The biocompatible and biodegradable SMN patch can dissolve slowly over time, allowing the sustained release of multiple drugs at different doses. Furthermore, it can be triggered remotely to induce rapid drug delivery at a designated stage after implantation. In the GBM mouse models, two clinically relevant chemotherapeutic agents (thrombin and temozolomide) and targeted drug (bevacizumab) are loaded into the SMN patch with individually controlled release profiles. The drugs are spatiotemporally and sequentially delivered for hemostasis, anti-angiogenesis, and apoptosis of tumor cells. Device application is non-toxic and results in decreased tumor volume and increased survival rate in mice. The SMN patch with on-demand multidrug delivery has potential applications for the combined administration of therapeutic drugs for the clinical treatment of brain tumors when other methods are insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhipeng Yang
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jianjuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Nan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Tiger H Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
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46
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Sonker M, Bajpai S, Khan MA, Yu X, Tiwary SK, Shreyash N. Review of Recent Advances and Their Improvement in the Effectiveness of Hydrogel-Based Targeted Drug Delivery: A Hope for Treating Cancer. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:8080-8109. [PMID: 35005919 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Using hydrogels for delivering cancer therapeutics is advantageous in pharmaceutical usage as they have an edge over traditional delivery, which is tainted due to the risk of toxicity that it imbues. Hydrogel usage leads to the development of a more controlled drug release system owing to its amenability for structural metamorphosis, its higher porosity to seat the drug molecules, and its ability to shield the drug from denaturation. The thing that makes its utility even more enhanced is that they make themselves more recognizable to the body tissues and hence can stay inside the body for a longer time, enhancing the efficiency of the delivery, which otherwise is negatively affected since the drug is identified by the human immunity as a foreign substance, and thus, an attack of the immunity begins on the drug injected. A variety of hydrogels such as thermosensitive, pH-sensitive, and magnetism-responsive hydrogels have been included and their potential usage in drug delivery has been discussed in this review that aims to present recent studies on hydrogels that respond to alterations under a variety of circumstances in "reducing" situations that mimic the microenvironment of cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muskan Sonker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States
| | - Sushant Bajpai
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, Amethi 229304, India
| | - Mohd Ashhar Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, Amethi 229304, India
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Saurabh Kr Tiwary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, Amethi 229304, India
| | - Nehil Shreyash
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, Amethi 229304, India
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47
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Villarreal-Otalvaro C, Coburn JM. Fabrication Methods and Form Factors of Gellan Gum-Based Materials for Drug Delivery and Anti-Cancer Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021. [PMID: 34898174 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success of cancer therapeutics, off target cell toxicity prevails as one of the main challenges of cancer treatment. Exploration of drug delivery methods is a growing field of research, which involves a variety of materials and processing techniques. A natural polymer, gellan gum presents physicochemical properties that enable drug loading for sustained release in a broad range of environmental conditions and anatomical locations. Gellan gum is an anionic exopolysaccharide, produced via fermentation by Sphingomonas elodea, which gels in the presence of cations. Additionally, it is biocompatible and nontoxic. Multiple physical and chemical gelation processes have been reported for the use of gellan gum in drug delivery applications to produced varying form factors, including hydrogels, nanohydrogels, beads, films, or patches, with tunable mechanical and physicochemical properties. The resulting formulations have shown promising outcomes for drug delivery including improving drug bioavailability, drug solubility, and drug release over time, without compromising biocompatibility or the introduction of adverse effects. This review presents studies in which gellan gum has been processed to enable the delivery of antibiotics, antiallergens, anti-inflammatory, or antifungal molecules with a special focus on drugs for anticancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Villarreal-Otalvaro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Jeannine M Coburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
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48
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Design of Biopolymer-Based Interstitial Therapies for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313160. [PMID: 34884965 PMCID: PMC8658694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common form of primary brain cancer and has the highest morbidity rate and current treatments result in a bleak 5-year survival rate of 5.6%. Interstitial therapy is one option to increase survival. Drug delivery by interstitial therapy most commonly makes use of a polymer implant encapsulating a drug which releases as the polymer degrades. Interstitial therapy has been extensively studied as a treatment option for GBM as it provides several advantages over systemic administration of chemotherapeutics. Primarily, it can be applied behind the blood–brain barrier, increasing the number of possible chemotherapeutic candidates that can be used and reducing systemic levels of the therapy while concentrating it near the cancer source. With interstitial therapy, multiple drugs can be released locally into the brain at the site of resection as the polymer of the implant degrades, and the release profile of these drugs can be tailored to optimize combination therapy or maintain synergistic ratios. This can bypass the blood–brain barrier, alleviate systemic toxicity, and resolve drug resistance in the tumor. However, tailoring drug release requires appropriate consideration of the complex relationship between the drug, polymer, and formulation method. Drug physicochemical properties can result in intermolecular bonding with the polymeric matrix and affect drug distribution in the implant depending on the formulation method used. This review is focused on current works that have applied interstitial therapy towards GBM, discusses polymer and formulation methods, and provides design considerations for future implantable biodegradable materials.
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49
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Chen J, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Chen L, Ma M, Du X, Meng Z, Li C, Meng Q. Supramolecular Drug Delivery System from Macrocycle-Based Self-Assembled Amphiphiles for Effective Tumor Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:53564-53573. [PMID: 34726381 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intelligent drug delivery systems (DDSs) that can improve therapeutic outcomes of antitumor agents and decrease their side effects are urgently needed to satisfy special requirements of treatment of malignant tumors in clinics. Here, the fabrication of supramolecular self-assembled amphiphiles based on the host-guest recognition between a cationic water-soluble pillar[6]arene (WP6A) host and a sodium decanesulfonate guest (G) is reported. The chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) can be encapsulated into the formed vesicle (G/WP6A) to construct supramolecular DDS (DOX@G/WP6A). WP6A affords strong affinities to G to avoid undesirable off-target leakage during delivery. Nanoscaled DOX@G/WP6A is capable of preferentially accumulating in tumor tissue via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. After internalization by tumor cells, the abundant adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binds competitively with WP6A to trigger the disintegration of self-assembled vesicles with the ensuing release of DOX. In vitro and in vivo research confirmed that DOX@G/WP6A is not only able to promote antitumor efficacy but also reduce DOX-related systemic toxicity. The above favorable findings are ascribed to the formation of ternary self-assembly, which profits from the combination of the factors of the EPR effect and the ATP-triggered release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Yadan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Yahan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Longming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Mengke Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Xinbei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Qingbin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
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50
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Song J, Zhang H, Wang D, Wang J, Zhou J, Zhang Z, Wang J, Hu Y, Xu Q, Xie C, Lu W, Liu M. Hydrogel loading functionalized PAMAM/shRNA complex for postsurgical glioblastoma treatment. J Control Release 2021; 338:583-592. [PMID: 34481020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system, readily relapses after surgery. Based on the CD47-SIRPα axis, we designed and implanted a thermo-sensitive hydrogel loaded with a gene complex into the postoperative cavity to inhibit the immune escape of residual tumor cells after surgery. A novel non-viral vector, G5-BGG, was synthesized and formed into a gene complex with shRNA plasmid. Our results showed that the G5-BGG/shRNA871 complex downregulated CD47 protein expression, leading to enhanced phagocytosis of U87MG cells by marrow-derived macrophages. G5-BGG/pDNA complex was loaded into a poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) hydrogel. Studies confirmed that the G5-BGG/pDNA complex remained integrated in the hydrogel and was sustainably released for up to 7 days. In an in vivo orthotopic U87MG postoperative tumor model, G5-BGG/shRNA871-loaded hydrogel combined with temozolomide downregulated CD47 protein expression, increased macrophage infiltration into residual tumors, and significantly prolonged the survival time of mice, indicating potential applications for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Dongli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jianfen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Qianzhu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Cao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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