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Wan D, Wu Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Pan J. Advances in 2,3-Dimethylmaleic Anhydride (DMMA)-Modified Nanocarriers in Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:809. [PMID: 38931929 PMCID: PMC11207803 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents a significant threat to human health. The cells and tissues within the microenvironment of solid tumors exhibit complex and abnormal properties in comparison to healthy tissues. The efficacy of nanomedicines is inhibited by the presence of substantial and complex physical barriers in the tumor tissue. The latest generation of intelligent drug delivery systems, particularly nanomedicines capable of charge reversal, have shown promise in addressing this issue. These systems can transform their charge from negative to positive upon reaching the tumor site, thereby enhancing tumor penetration via transcytosis and promoting cell internalization by interacting with the negatively charged cell membranes. The modification of nanocarriers with 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride (DMMA) and its derivatives, which are responsive to weak acid stimulation, represents a significant advance in the field of charge-reversal nanomedicines. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the recent insights into DMMA-modified nanocarriers in drug delivery systems, with a particular focus on their potential in targeted therapeutics. It also discusses the synthesis of DMMA derivatives and their role in charge reversal, shell detachment, size shift, and ligand reactivation mechanisms, offering the prospect of a tailored, next-generation therapeutic approach to overcome the diverse challenges associated with cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wan
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (D.W.); (Y.W.)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China;
| | - Yanan Wu
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (D.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yujun Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China;
| | - Yonghui Liu
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (D.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jie Pan
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (D.W.); (Y.W.)
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2
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Khoury DM, Ghaoui N, El Tayar E, Dagher R, El Hawa M, Rubeiz N, Abbas O, Kurban M. Topical statins as antifungals: a review. Int J Dermatol 2024; 63:747-753. [PMID: 38344878 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous fungal infections affect millions around the world. However, severe, multi-resistant fungal infections are increasingly being reported over the past years. As a result of the high rate of resistance which urged for drug repurposing, statins were studied and found to have multiple pleiotropic effects, especially when combined with other already-existing drugs. An example of this is the synergism found between several typical antifungals and statins, such as antifungals Imidazole and Triazole with a wide range of statins shown in this review. The main mechanisms in which they exert an antifungal effect are ergosterol inhibition, protein prenylation, mitochondrial disruption, and morphogenesis/mating inhibition. This article discusses multiple in vitro studies that have proven the antifungal effect of systemic statins against many fungal species, whether used alone or in combination with other typical antifungals. However, as a result of the high rate of drug-drug interactions and the well-known side effects of systemic statins, topical statins have become of increasing interest. Furthermore, patients with dyslipidemia treated with systemic statins who have a new topical fungal infection could benefit from the antifungal effect of their statin. However, it is still not indicated to initiate systemic statins in patients with topical mycotic infections if they do not have another indication for statin use, which raises the interest in using topical statins for fungal infections. This article also tackles the different formulations that have been studied to enhance topical statins' efficacy, as well as the effect of different topical statins on distinct dermatologic fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Khoury
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nohra Ghaoui
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Ruby Dagher
- American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mariana El Hawa
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nelly Rubeiz
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ossama Abbas
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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3
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Dakkak BE, Taneera J, El-Huneidi W, Abu-Gharbieh E, Hamoudi R, Semreen MH, Soares NC, Abu-Rish EY, Alkawareek MY, Alkilany AM, Bustanji Y. Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of BCL-2 Associated Protein Family: Exploring BCL-2 Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2024; 32:267-280. [PMID: 38589288 PMCID: PMC11063480 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, programmed cell death pathway, is a vital physiological mechanism that ensures cellular homeostasis and overall cellular well-being. In the context of cancer, where evasion of apoptosis is a hallmark, the overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 has been documented. Consequently, these proteins have emerged as promising targets for therapeutic interventions. The BCL-2 protein family is central to apoptosis and plays a significant importance in determining cellular fate serving as a critical determinant in this biological process. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of the BCL-2 protein family, emphasizing its dual nature. Specifically, certain members of this family promote cell survival (known as anti-apoptotic proteins), while others are involved in facilitating cell death (referred to as pro-apoptotic and BH3-only proteins). The potential of directly targeting these proteins is examined, particularly due to their involvement in conferring resistance to traditional cancer therapies. The effectiveness of such targeting strategies is also discussed, considering the tumor's propensity for anti-apoptotic pathways. Furthermore, the review highlights emerging research on combination therapies, where BCL-2 inhibitors are used synergistically with other treatments to enhance therapeutic outcomes. By understanding and manipulating the BCL-2 family and its associated pathways, we open doors to innovative and more effective cancer treatments, offering hope for resistant and aggressive cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisan El Dakkak
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jalal Taneera
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waseem El-Huneidi
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eman Abu-Gharbieh
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad H. Semreen
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nelson C. Soares
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon 1649-016, Portugal
| | - Eman Y. Abu-Rish
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | | | | | - Yasser Bustanji
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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4
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Zhang L, Cao X, Chen J, Dong Y, Chen W, Gao Y, Guo J, Huang H. Co-delivery of siBcl-2 and PTX with mitochondria-targeted functions to overcoming multidrug resistance. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123970. [PMID: 38447779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) poses a significant impediment to the efficacy of chemotherapy in clinical settings. Despite Paclitaxel (PTX) being designated as the primary pharmaceutical agent for treating recurrent and metastatic breast cancer, the emergence of PTX resistance frequently results in therapeutic shortcomings, representing a substantial obstacle in clinical breast cancer management. In response, we developed a delivery system exhibiting dual specificity for both tumors and mitochondria. This system facilitated the sequential administration of small interfering B-cell lymphoma-2 (siBcl-2) and PTX to the tumor cytoplasm and mitochondria, respectively, with the aim of surmounting PTX resistance in tumor cells through the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Notably, we employed genetic engineering techniques to fabricate a recombinant ferritin containing the H-subunit (HFn), known for its tumor-targeting capabilities, for loading siBcl-2. This HFn-siBcl-2 complex was then combined with positively charged Triphenylphosphine-Liposome@PTX (TL@PTX) nanoparticles (NPs) to formulate HFn/siBcl-2@TL/PTX. Guided by HFn, these nanoparticles efficiently entered cells and released siBcl-2 through the action of triphenylphosphine (TPP)-mediated "proton sponge," thereby precisely modulating the expression of Bcl-2 protein. Simultaneously, PTX was directed to the mitochondria through the accurate targeting of TL@PTX, synergistically initiating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and effectively suppressing PTX resistance both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, the development of this dual-targeting delivery system presents a promising therapeutic strategy for overcoming PTX resistance in the clinical treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, PR China.
| | - Xinyu Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Yanyan Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, PR China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, PR China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Jiangsu Medical Devices Inspection Center, PR China.
| | - Haiqin Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China.
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Cho H, Kim K. Multi-functional nanomedicines for combinational cancer immunotherapy that transform cold tumors to hot tumors. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:627-638. [PMID: 38682272 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2348656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, cancer immunotherapy is widely used as a groundbreaking method that can completely cure advanced cancers. However, this new immunotherapy has the challenge of low patient response, which is often due to many patients' tumors having an immunosuppressive environment, known as cold tumors. AREAS COVERED This review aims to introduce various nanomedicine-derived combinational cancer immunotherapy that can transform cold tumor into hot tumors. Initially, we discuss new technologies for combinational immunotherapy based on multifunctional nanomedicines that can deliver combinational immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers, immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) and immune modulators (IMs) to targeted tumor tissues at the same time. Ultimately, we highlight how multifunctional nanomedicines for combinational cancer immunotherapy can be used to transform cold tumor into hot tumors against advanced cancers. EXPERT OPINION Nanomedicine-derived combinational cancer immunotherapy for delivering multiple ICD inducers, ICBs, and IMs at the same time is recognized as a new potential technology that can activate tumor immunity and simultaneously increase the therapeutic efficacy of immune cells that can transform effectively the cold tumors into hot tumors. Finally, nanomedicine-derived combinational cancer immunotherapy can solve the serious problems of low therapeutic efficacy that occurs when treating single drug or simple combinational drugs in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhee Cho
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim J, Shim MK, Moon Y, Kim J, Cho H, Yun WS, Shim N, Seong JK, Lee Y, Lim DK, Kim K. Cancer cell-specific and pro-apoptotic SMAC peptide-doxorubicin conjugated prodrug encapsulated aposomes for synergistic cancer immunotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:109. [PMID: 38481326 PMCID: PMC10938764 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02314-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a crucial approach to turn immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITM) into immune-responsive milieu and improve the response rate of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. However, cancer cells show resistance to ICD-inducing chemotherapeutic drugs, and non-specific toxicity of those drugs against immune cells reduce the immunotherapy efficiency. METHODS Herein, we propose cancer cell-specific and pro-apoptotic liposomes (Aposomes) encapsulating second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases mimetic peptide (SMAC-P)-doxorubicin (DOX) conjugated prodrug to potentiate combinational ICB therapy with ICD. The SMAC-P (AVPIAQ) with cathepsin B-cleavable peptide (FRRG) was directly conjugated to DOX, and the resulting SMAC-P-FRRG-DOX prodrug was encapsulated into PEGylated liposomes. RESULTS The SMAC-P-FRRG-DOX encapsulated PEGylated liposomes (Aposomes) form a stable nanostructure with an average diameter of 109.1 ± 5.14 nm and promote the apoptotic cell death mainly in cathepsin B-overexpressed cancer cells. Therefore, Aposomes induce a potent ICD in targeted cancer cells in synergy of SMAC-P with DOX in cultured cells. In colon tumor models, Aposomes efficiently accumulate in targeted tumor tissues via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and release the encapsulated prodrug of SMAC-P-FRRG-DOX, which is subsequently cleaved to SMAC-P and DOX in cancer cells. Importantly, the synergistic activity of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs)-inhibitory SMAC-P sensitizing the effects of DOX induces a potent ICD in the cancer cells to promote dendritic cell (DC) maturation and stimulate T cell proliferation and activation, turning ITM into immune-responsive milieu. CONCLUSIONS Eventually, the combination of Aposomes with anti-PD-L1 antibody results in a high rate of complete tumor regression (CR: 80%) and also prevent the tumor recurrence by immunological memory established during treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Kyu Shim
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Moon
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongrae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhee Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Su Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Shim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Kyung Seong
- Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Lim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Arunrungvichian K, Vajragupta O, Hayakawa Y, Pongrakhananon V. Targeting Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Lung Cancer: Insights, Challenges, and Therapeutic Strategies. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:28-41. [PMID: 38230275 PMCID: PMC10789132 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) is an ion-gated calcium channel that plays a significant role in various aspects of cancer pathogenesis, particularly in lung cancer. Preclinical studies have elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying α7 nAChR-associated lung cancer proliferation, chemotherapy resistance, and metastasis. Understanding and targeting this mechanism are crucial for developing therapeutic interventions aimed at disrupting α7 nAChR-mediated cancer progression and improving treatment outcomes. Drug research and discovery have determined natural compounds and synthesized chemical antagonists that specifically target α7 nAChR. However, approved α7 nAChR antagonists for clinical use are lacking, primarily due to challenges related to achieving the desired selectivity, efficacy, and safety profiles required for effective therapeutic intervention. This comprehensive review provided insights into the molecular mechanisms associated with α7 nAChR and its role in cancer progression, particularly in lung cancer. Furthermore, it presents an update on recent evidence about α7 nAChR antagonists and addresses the challenges encountered in drug research and discovery in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntarat Arunrungvichian
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Unit
of Compounds Library for Drug Discovery, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Opa Vajragupta
- Research
Affairs, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Institute
of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Varisa Pongrakhananon
- Department
of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Preclinical
Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research
Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Yu J, Wang L, Ling Y, Xiao X, Gong J, Jin H, Xu J, Chen P, Xie X, Zhang L. Peptide-modified bioresponsive chondroitin sulfate micelles for targeted doxorubicin delivery in triple-negative breast cancer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 227:113381. [PMID: 37257299 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is an offensive tumor that is highly challenging to cure. In this study, we developed novel polymeric nanoparticles that target dual receptors and respond to reducing conditions for chemotherapeutic drug release in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Then we synthesized and characterized a targeted peptide-grafted chondroitin sulfate A-ss-deoxycholic acid (TCSSD) copolymer and prepare doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded TCSSD (TCSSD-D) micelles high-loading content. The bioresponsive drug release of TCSSD-D nanoparticles was demonstrated in a glutathione-containing phosphate buffer solution. We found that TCSSD-D effectively targeted CD44 and P-selectin receptors both in vitro and in vivo. TCSSD-D micelles were higher cytotoxicity and cellular uptake than unmodified DOX-containing micelles in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, TCSSD-D micelles showed the strongest suppression of tumor growth among three DOX-based formulations in triple-negative MDA-MB-231-bearing nude mice. These results suggest that amphiphilic TCSSD nanoparticles can serve as a targeted and intelligent delivery vehicle for triple-negative breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmou Yu
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Medical and Environmental Applications Technologies, School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of System Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Yun Ling
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Juntao Gong
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Hongguang Jin
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Xin Xie
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of System Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada.
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Chang H, Yhee JY, Jeon S, Shim MK, Yoon HY, Lee S, Kim K. In vivo toxicity evaluation of tumor targeted glycol chitosan nanoparticles in healthy mice: repeated high-dose of glycol chitosan nanoparticles potentially induce cardiotoxicity. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:82. [PMID: 36894943 PMCID: PMC9999623 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycol chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) have emerged as an effective drug delivery system for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Although they have great biocompatibility owing to biodegradable chemical structure and low immunogenicity, sufficient information on in vivo toxicity to understand the potential risks depending on the repeated high-dose have not been adequately studied. Herein, we report the results of in vivo toxicity evaluation for CNPs focused on the number and dose of administration in healthy mice to provide a toxicological guideline for a better clinical application of CNPs. RESULTS The CNPs were prepared by conjugating hydrophilic glycol chitosan with hydrophobic 5β-cholanic acid and the amphiphilic glycol chitosan-5β-cholanic acid formed self-assembled nanoparticles with its concentration-dependent homogeneous size distributions (265.36-288.3 nm) in aqueous condition. In cell cultured system, they showed significantly high cellular uptake in breast cancer cells (4T1) and cardiomyocytes (H9C2) than in fibroblasts (L929) and macrophages (Raw264.7) in a dose- and time-dependent manners, resulting in severe necrotic cell death in H9C2 at a clinically relevant highly concentrated condition. In particular, when the high-dose (90 mg/kg) of CNPs were intravenously injected into the healthy mice, considerable amount was non-specifically accumulated in major organs (liver, lung, spleen, kidney and heart) after 6 h of injection and sustainably retained for 72 h. Finally, repeated high-dose of CNPs (90 mg/kg, three times) induced severe cardiotoxicity accompanying inflammatory responses, tissue damages, fibrotic changes and organ dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that repeated high-dose CNPs induce severe cardiotoxicity in vivo. Through the series of toxicological assessments in the healthy mice, this study provides a toxicological guideline that may expedite the application of CNPs in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoun Chang
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Yhee
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Jeon
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Kyu Shim
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea. .,College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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10
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PEGylated Reduced Graphene Oxide as Nanoplatform for Targeted Gene and Drug Delivery. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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11
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Co-encapsulation of PI3-Kδ/HDAC6 dual inhibitor and Navitoclax in Quatramer™ nanoparticles for synergistic effect in ER+ breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Zamyatnin AA, Gregory LC, Townsend PA, Soond SM. Beyond basic research: the contribution of cathepsin B to cancer development, diagnosis and therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:963-977. [PMID: 36562407 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2161888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In view of other candidate proteins from the cathepsin family of proteases holding great potential in being targeted during cancer therapy, the importance of Cathepsin B (CtsB) stands out as being truly exceptional. Based on its contribution to oncogenesis, its intimate connection with regulating apoptosis and modulating extracellular and intracellular functions through its secretion or compartmentalized subcellular localization, collectively highlight its complex molecular involvement with a myriad of normal and pathological regulatory processes. Despite its complex functional nature, CtsB is emerging as one of the few cathepsin proteases that has been extensively researched to yield tangible outcomes for cancer therapy. AREAS COVERED In this article, we review the scientific literature that has justified or shaped the importance of CtsB expression in cancer progression, from the perspective of highlighting a paradigm that is rapidly changing from basic research toward a broader clinical and translational context. EXPERT OPINION In doing so, we detail its maturation as a diagnostic marker through describing the development of CtsB-specific Activity-Based Probes, the rapid evolution of these toward a new generation of Prodrugs, and the evaluation of these in model systems for their therapeutic potential as anti-cancer agents in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Zamyatnin
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Levy C Gregory
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Paul A Townsend
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Surinder M Soond
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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13
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Cho H, Shim MK, Moon Y, Song S, Kim J, Choi J, Kim J, Lee Y, Park JY, Kim Y, Ahn CH, Kim MR, Yoon HY, Kim K. Tumor-Specific Monomethyl Auristatin E (MMAE) Prodrug Nanoparticles for Safe and Effective Chemotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102131. [PMID: 36297566 PMCID: PMC9609178 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A prodrug is bioreversible medication that is specifically converted to the active drugs by enzymes overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment, which can considerably reduce the chemotherapy-induced side effects. However, prodrug strategies usually have low antitumor efficacy compared to free drugs by delayed drug release. This is because they need time to be activated by enzymatic cleavage and they also cannot be fully recovered to the active drugs. Therefore, highly potent anticancer drug should be considered to expect a sufficient antitumor efficacy. Herein, we propose tumor-specific monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) prodrug nanoparticles for safe and effective chemotherapy. The cathepsin B-specific cleavable FRRG peptide and MMAE are chemically conjugated via one-step simple synthetic chemistry. The resulting FRRG-MMAE molecules form stable nanoparticles without any additional carrier materials by hydrophobic interaction-derived aggregations. The FRRG-MMAE nanoparticles efficiently accumulate within the tumor tissues owing to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and inhibit the tubulin polymerization by releasing free MMAE in the cathepsin B-overexpressed tumor cells. In contrast, FRRG-MMAE nanoparticles maintain a non-toxic inactive state in the normal tissues owing to innately low cathepsin B expression, thereby reducing MMAE-related severe toxicity. Collectively, this study provides a promising approach for safe and effective chemotherapy via MMAE-based prodrug nanoparticles, which may open new avenues for advanced drug design for translational nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhee Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Man Kyu Shim
- Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Yujeong Moon
- Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Sukyung Song
- Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jinseong Kim
- Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jiwoong Choi
- Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jeongrae Kim
- Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Youngjoo Lee
- Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yongju Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Mi Ra Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 48108, Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Correspondence:
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14
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Shim MK, Yang S, Park J, Yoon JS, Kim J, Moon Y, Shim N, Jo M, Choi Y, Kim K. Preclinical development of carrier-free prodrug nanoparticles for enhanced antitumor therapeutic potential with less toxicity. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:436. [PMID: 36195911 PMCID: PMC9531438 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanomedicine has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. The most representative nanomedicine used in clinic is PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin DOXIL®, which is first FDA-approved nanomedicine. However, several shortcomings, such as low drug loading capacity, low tumor targeting, difficulty in mass production and potential toxicity of carrier materials, have hindered the successful clinical translation of nanomedicines. In this study, we report a preclinical development process of the carrier-free prodrug nanoparticles designed as an alternative formulation to overcome limitations of conventional nanomedicines in the terms of technical- and industrial-aspects. Results The carrier-free prodrug nanoparticles (F68-FDOX) are prepared by self-assembly of cathepsin B-specific cleavable peptide (FRRG) and doxorubicin (DOX) conjugates without any additional carrier materials, and further stabilized with Pluronic F68, resulting in high drug loading (> 50%). The precise and concise structure allow mass production with easily controllable quality control (QC), and its lyophilized powder form has a great long-term storage stability at different temperatures (− 4, 37 and 60 °C). With high cathepsin B-specificity, F68-FDOX induce a potent cytotoxicity preferentially in cancer cells, whereas their cytotoxicity is greatly minimized in normal cells with innately low cathepsin B expression. In tumor models, F68-FDOX efficiently accumulates within tumor tissues owing to enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and subsequently release toxic DOX molecules by cathepsin B-specific cleavage mechanism, showing a broad therapeutic spectrum with significant antitumor activity in three types of colon, breast and pancreatic cancers. Finally, the safety of F68-FDOX treatment is investigated after single-/multi-dosage into mice, showing greatly minimized DOX-related toxicity, compared to free DOX in normal mice. Conclusions Collectively, these results provide potential preclinical development process of an alternative approach, new formulation of carrier-free prodrug nanoparticles, for clinical translation of nanomedicines. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01644-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Kyu Shim
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Suah Yang
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.,KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooho Park
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sik Yoon
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseong Kim
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.,KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Moon
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Shim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihee Jo
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwhan Choi
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea. .,College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Shim N, Jeon SI, Yang S, Park JY, Jo M, Kim J, Choi J, Yun WS, Kim J, Lee Y, Shim MK, Kim Y, Kim K. Comparative study of cathepsin B-cleavable linkers for the optimal design of cathepsin B-specific doxorubicin prodrug nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121806. [PMID: 36156411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A carrier-free prodrug nanoparticle has emerged as a potential approach to cancer therapy. It plays a vital role in enhancing the tumor targeting and therapeutic efficacy of the anticancer agent at sites of intention wherein the prodrug nanoparticle is potentially activated. Herein, five derivatives of cathepsin B-cleavable prodrugs are synthesized via chemically conjugating different cathepsin B-cleavable peptides (Phe-Arg-Arg-Gly, Phe-Arg-Arg-Leu, Phe-Arg-Arg-Leu-Gly, Phe-Leu-Arg-Arg-Gly) to doxorubicin (DOX). The peptide-DOX prodrugs can spontaneously assemble into nanoparticles via their intermolecular hydrophobic and π-π stacking interactions. The resulting cathepsin B-cleavable prodrugs nanoparticles formed different nanoparticle structures according to the amphiphilicity and flexibility of different peptides and their particle stability and cellular uptake mechanism are carefully evaluated in vitro. Among five prodrug nanoparticles, the Phe-Arg-Arg-Leu-DOX (FRRL-DOX) nanoparticle was formed to a size of 167.5 ± 12.4 nm and stably maintains its nanoparticle structure in saline media for 3 days. The FRRL-DOX nanoparticle is well taken up by tumoral nuclei and effectively induces cancer cell death with minimal toxicity to normal cells. In addition, the FRRL-DOX nanoparticle shows 2.3-16.3-fold greater tumor-specific accumulation in vivo than other prodrug nanoparticles and free DOX. The therapeutic effect of FRRL-DOX is finally examined, demonstrating 2.1-fold better anticancer efficacy compared to that of free DOX. Notably, the FRRL-DOX nanoparticle does not exert serious toxicity in its repeated intravenous administration at a high dose of up to 10 mg/kg (equiv. to DOX). In conclusion, the peptide sequence for cathepsin B-cleavable prodrug nanoparticle is determined to be successfully optimized in a way of increasing its tumor selectivity and lowering toxicity to normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeon Shim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ik Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Suah Yang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihee Jo
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseong Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Choi
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Su Yun
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongrae Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Kyu Shim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongju Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Shim MK, Song SK, Jeon SI, Hwang KY, Kim K. Nano-sized drug delivery systems to potentiate the immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:641-652. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2081683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man Kyu Shim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Kyung Song
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ik Jeon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Yeon Hwang
- Department of Biosystems & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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17
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Foglizzo V, Marchiò S. Nanoparticles as Physically- and Biochemically-Tuned Drug Formulations for Cancers Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102473. [PMID: 35626078 PMCID: PMC9139219 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Conventional antitumor drugs have limitations, including poor water solubility and lack of targeting capability, with consequent non-specific distribution, systemic toxicity, and low therapeutic index. Nanotechnology promises to overcome these drawbacks by exploiting the physical properties of diverse nanocarriers that can be linked to moieties with binding selectivity for cancer cells. The use of nanoparticles as therapeutic formulations allows a targeted delivery and a slow, controlled release of the drug(s), making them tunable modules for applications in precision medicine. In addition, nanoparticles are also being developed as cancer vaccines, offering an opportunity to increase both cellular and humoral immunity, thus providing a new weapon to beat cancer. Abstract Malignant tumors originate from a combination of genetic alterations, which induce activation of oncogenes and inactivation of oncosuppressor genes, ultimately resulting in uncontrolled growth and neoplastic transformation. Chemotherapy prevents the abnormal proliferation of cancer cells, but it also affects the entire cellular network in the human body with heavy side effects. For this reason, the ultimate aim of cancer therapy remains to selectively kill cancer cells while sparing their normal counterparts. Nanoparticle formulations have the potential to achieve this aim by providing optimized drug delivery to a pathological site with minimal accumulation in healthy tissues. In this review, we will first describe the characteristics of recently developed nanoparticles and how their physical properties and targeting functionalization are exploited depending on their therapeutic payload, route of delivery, and tumor type. Second, we will analyze how nanoparticles can overcome multidrug resistance based on their ability to combine different therapies and targeting moieties within a single formulation. Finally, we will discuss how the implementation of these strategies has led to the generation of nanoparticle-based cancer vaccines as cutting-edge instruments for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Foglizzo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Serena Marchiò
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-01199333239
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18
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Yun WS, Park JH, Lim DK, Ahn CH, Sun IC, Kim K. How Did Conventional Nanoparticle-Mediated Photothermal Therapy Become "Hot" in Combination with Cancer Immunotherapy? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14082044. [PMID: 35454950 PMCID: PMC9029053 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14082044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Photothermal therapy (PTT) has become effective through the development of nanoparticle-based photoabsorbers with various functions, such as targeting properties, high light-to-heat conversion, and photostability. Conventional nanoparticle-mediated PTT has attained localized efficiency in cancer treatment by heat-induced apoptosis or necrosis of cancer cells. Currently, such treatment methods evolve into cancer immunotherapy through the induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD). Damage-associated molecular patterns from dead cells by nanoparticle-mediated PTT activate immune cells for systemic anti-cancer effect. In this review, we investigate various nanoparticle-based PTT and compare its methodology to clarify how it undergoes a transition from thermotherapy to immunotherapy. Abstract One of the promising cancer treatment methods is photothermal therapy (PTT), which has achieved good therapeutic efficiency through nanoparticle-based photoabsorbers. Because of the various functions of nanoparticles, such as targeting properties, high light-to-heat conversion, and photostability, nanoparticle-mediated PTT successfully induces photothermal damage in tumor tissues with minimal side effects on surrounding healthy tissues. The therapeutic efficacy of PTT originates from cell membrane disruption, protein denaturation, and DNA damage by light-induced heat, but these biological impacts only influence localized tumor areas. This conventional nanoparticle-mediated PTT still attracts attention as a novel cancer immunotherapy, because PTT causes immune responses against cancer. PTT-induced immunogenic cell death activates immune cells for systemic anti-cancer effect. Additionally, the excellent compatibility of PTT with other treatment methods (e.g., chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade therapy) reinforces the therapeutic efficacy of PTT as combined immunotherapy. In this review, we investigate various PTT agents of nanoparticles and compare their applications to reveal how nanoparticle-mediated PTT undergoes a transition from thermotherapy to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Su Yun
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seoul 02841, Korea; (W.S.Y.); (D.-K.L.)
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- NanoBio Materials Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.-H.P.); (C.-H.A.)
| | - Dong-Kwon Lim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seoul 02841, Korea; (W.S.Y.); (D.-K.L.)
| | - Cheol-Hee Ahn
- NanoBio Materials Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.-H.P.); (C.-H.A.)
| | - In-Cheol Sun
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.-C.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seoul 02841, Korea; (W.S.Y.); (D.-K.L.)
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.-C.S.); (K.K.)
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19
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Kyu Shim M, Yang S, Sun IC, Kim K. Tumor-activated carrier-free prodrug nanoparticles for targeted cancer Immunotherapy: Preclinical evidence for safe and effective drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 183:114177. [PMID: 35245568 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers initiating antitumor immune responses, certain chemotherapeutic drugs have shown considerable potential to reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITM) into immune-responsive tumors. The application of these drugs in nanomedicine provides a more enhanced therapeutic index by improving unfavorable pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles and inefficient tumor targeting. However, the clinical translation of conventional nanoparticles is restricted by fundamental problems, such as risks of immunogenicity and potential toxicity by carrier materials, premature drug leakage in off-target sites during circulation, low drug loading contents, and complex structure and synthetic processes that hinder quality control (QC) and scale-up industrial production. To address these limitations, tumor-activated carrier-free prodrug nanoparticles (PDNPs), constructed only by the self-assembly of prodrugs without any additional carrier materials, have been widely investigated with distinct advantages for safe and more effective drug delivery. In addition, combination immunotherapy based on PDNPs with other diverse modalities has efficiently reversed the ITM to immune-responsive tumors, potentiating the response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. In this review, the trends and advances in PDNPs are outlined, and each self-assembly mechanism is discussed. In addition, various combination immunotherapies based on PDNPs are reviewed. Finally, a physical tumor microenvironment remodeling strategy to maximize the potential of PDNPs, and key considerations for clinical translation are highlighted.
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20
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Emerging Albumin-Binding Anticancer Drugs for Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery: Current Understandings and Clinical Translation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040728. [PMID: 35456562 PMCID: PMC9028280 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Albumin has shown remarkable promise as a natural drug carrier by improving pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of anticancer drugs for tumor-targeted delivery. The exogenous or endogenous albumin enhances the circulatory half-lives of anticancer drugs and passively target the tumors by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Thus, the albumin-based drug delivery leads to a potent antitumor efficacy in various preclinical models, and several candidates have been evaluated clinically. The most successful example is Abraxane, an exogenous human serum albumin (HSA)-bound paclitaxel formulation approved by the FDA and used to treat locally advanced or metastatic tumors. However, additional clinical translation of exogenous albumin formulations has not been approved to date because of their unexpectedly low delivery efficiency, which can increase the risk of systemic toxicity. To overcome these limitations, several prodrugs binding endogenous albumin covalently have been investigated owing to distinct advantages for a safe and more effective drug delivery. In this review, we give account of the different albumin-based drug delivery systems, from laboratory investigations to clinical applications, and their potential challenges, and the outlook for clinical translation is discussed. In addition, recent advances and progress of albumin-binding drugs to move more closely to the clinical settings are outlined.
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21
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Huang M, Zeng L, Zhu R, Chen G, Wu H, Fan B, Liu C, Guo B, Zhong H. Hyaluronic Acid Stabilized Doxorubicin Nano-Precipitations for Osteosarcoma Treatment. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a wide-spectrum drug to treat different kinds of cancers. However, in clinical practice, Dox usually showed untargeted distributions to the other organs, which can cause serious side effects, such as cardiotoxity. Herein, the formulation of Dox into nanoparticles
is critical to enhance its distribution to tumors. Herein, we used polysaccharide, hyaluronic acid, to stabilize the Dox to form nano-precipitations (PD NPs) for the therapy of osteosarcoma. The PD NPs showed enhanced drug accumulation to tumor cells and realized better anticancer effects
than free drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouzhang Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital (The Affitiated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University), Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Limei Zeng
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Rongping Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital (The Affitiated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University), Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Gongqun Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital (The Affitiated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University), Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital (The Affitiated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University), Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital (The Affitiated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University), Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Changtie Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital (The Affitiated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University), Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Bowen Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital (The Affitiated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University), Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Hongfa Zhong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital (The Affitiated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University), Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
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Cho H, Shim MK, Yang S, Song S, Moon Y, Kim J, Byun Y, Ahn CH, Kim K. Cathepsin B-Overexpressed Tumor Cell Activatable Albumin-Binding Doxorubicin Prodrug for Cancer-Targeted Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:83. [PMID: 35056979 PMCID: PMC8780658 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodrugs are bioreversible medications that should undergo an enzymatic or chemical transformation in the tumor microenvironment to release active drugs, which improve cancer selectivity to reduce toxicities of anticancer drugs. However, such approaches have been challenged by poor therapeutic efficacy attributed to a short half-life and low tumor targeting. Herein, we propose cathepsin B-overexpressed tumor cell activatable albumin-binding doxorubicin prodrug, Al-ProD, that consists of a albumin-binding maleimide group, cathepsin B-cleavable peptide (FRRG), and doxorubicin. The Al-ProD binds to in situ albumin, and albumin-bound Al-ProD indicates high tumor accumulation with prolonged half-life, and selctively releases doxorubicin in cathepsin B-overexpressed tumor cells, inducing a potent antitumor efficacy. Concurrently, toxicity of Al-ProD toward normal tissues with innately low cathepsin B expression is significantly reduced by maintaining an inactive state, thereby increasing the safety of chemotherapy. This study offers a promising approach for effective and safe chemotherapy, which may open new avenues for drug design and translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhee Cho
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.C.); (M.K.S.); (S.Y.); (S.S.); (Y.M.); (J.K.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Man Kyu Shim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.C.); (M.K.S.); (S.Y.); (S.S.); (Y.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Suah Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.C.); (M.K.S.); (S.Y.); (S.S.); (Y.M.); (J.K.)
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sukyung Song
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.C.); (M.K.S.); (S.Y.); (S.S.); (Y.M.); (J.K.)
- Department of Biosystems & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yujeong Moon
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.C.); (M.K.S.); (S.Y.); (S.S.); (Y.M.); (J.K.)
- Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jinseong Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.C.); (M.K.S.); (S.Y.); (S.S.); (Y.M.); (J.K.)
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Youngro Byun
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Cheol-Hee Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.C.); (M.K.S.); (S.Y.); (S.S.); (Y.M.); (J.K.)
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Pei Q, Lu S, Zhou J, Jiang B, Li C, Xie Z, Jing X. Intracellular Enzyme-Responsive Profluorophore and Prodrug Nanoparticles for Tumor-Specific Imaging and Precise Chemotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:59708-59719. [PMID: 34879654 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Responsive drug delivery systems possess great potential in disease diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we develop an activatable prodrug and fluorescence imaging material by engineering the endogenous NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) responsive linker. The as-prepared nanomaterials possess the NQO1-switched drug release and fluorescence enablement, which realizes the tumor-specific chemotherapy and imaging in living mice. The enzyme-sensitive prodrug nanoparticles exhibit selectively potent anticancer performance to NQO1-positive cancer and ignorable off-target toxicity. This work provides an alternative strategy for constructing smart prodrug nanoplatforms with precision, selectivity, and practicability for advanced cancer imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Shaojin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Junli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chaonan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiabin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
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24
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Cheng M, Dou H. Nano‐assemblies based on biomacromolecules to overcome cancer drug resistance. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Hongjing Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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Wang S, Jin J, Chen J, Lou W. MUC14-Related ncRNA-mRNA Network in Breast Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111677. [PMID: 34828282 PMCID: PMC8620399 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Background Growing evidences have showed that mucins (MUCs) are linked to occurrence and progression of human cancers. However, a comprehensive study regarding the expression, diagnosis, prognosis and mechanism of MUCs in breast cancer remains absent. Methods: A series of in silico analyses were employed in this study. Results: After performing comprehensive analysis for MUCs, MUC14 was identified as the most potential regulator in breast cancer, with downregulated expression in both mRNA and protein levels and significant diagnostic and prognostic values in breast cancer. Mechanistic exploration revealed that a potential ncRNA-mRNA axis, involving LINC01128/LINC01140/SGMS1-AS1/LINC00667-miR-137/miR-429-BCL2, might be partially responsible for MUC14′s functions in breast cancer. Conclusions: Collectively, our study elucidated a key role of MUC14 in breast cancer and also provided some clues for explanation of the molecular action mechanism of MUC14 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqian Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China;
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China;
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (W.L.)
| | - Weiyang Lou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China;
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (W.L.)
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26
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Kim J, Shim MK, Cho YJ, Jeon S, Moon Y, Choi J, Kim J, Lee J, Lee JW, Kim K. The safe and effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy with cathepsin B-specific doxorubicin prodrug nanoparticles in ovarian cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121189. [PMID: 34695659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy has shown promising efficacy in ovarian cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC), but in vivo rapid clearance and severe toxicity of free anticancer drugs hinder the effective treatment. Herein, we propose the safe and effective IP chemotherapy with cathepsin B-specific doxorubicin prodrug nanoparticles (PNPs) in ovarian cancer with PC. The PNPs are prepared by self-assembling cathepsin B-specific cleavable peptide (FRRG) and doxorubicin (DOX) conjugates, which are further formulated with pluronic F68. The PNPs exhibit stable spherical structure and cytotoxic DOX is specifically released from PNPs via sequential enzymatic degradation by cathepsin B and intracellular proteases. The PNPs induce cytotoxicity in cathepsin B-overexpressing ovarian (SKOV-3 and HeyA8) and colon (MC38 and CT26) cancer cells, but not in cathepsin B-deficient normal cells in cultured condition. With enhanced cancer-specificity and in vivo residence time, IP injected PNPs efficiently accumulate within PC through two targeting mechanisms of direct penetration (circulation independent) and systemic blood vessel-associated accumulation (circulation dependent). As a result, IP chemotherapy with PNPs efficiently inhibit tumor progression with minimal side effects in peritoneal human ovarian tumor-bearing xenograft (POX) and patient derived xenograft (PDX) models. These results demonstrate that PNPs effectively inhibit progression of ovarian cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis with minimal local and systemic toxicities by high cancer-specificity and favorable in vivo PK/PD profiles enhancing PC accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseong Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Kyu Shim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jae Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Jeon
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Moon
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Choi
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongrae Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewan Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Cao L, Zhu YQ, Wu ZX, Wang GX, Cheng HW. Engineering nanotheranostic strategies for liver cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1213-1228. [PMID: 34721763 PMCID: PMC8529922 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i10.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma have continued to increase over the last few years, and the medicine-based outlook of patients is poor. Given great ideas from the development of nanotechnology in medicine, especially the advantages in the treatments of liver cancer. Some engineering nanoparticles with active targeting, ligand modification, and passive targeting capacity achieve efficient drug delivery to tumor cells. In addition, the behavior of drug release is also applied to the drug loading nanosystem based on the tumor microenvironment. Considering clinical use of local treatment of liver cancer, in situ drug delivery of nanogels is also fully studied in orthotopic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and ablation therapy. Furthermore, novel therapies including gene therapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy are also applied as combined therapy for liver cancer. Engineering nonviral polymers to function as gene delivery vectors with increased efficiency and specificity, and strategies of co-delivery of therapeutic genes and drugs show great therapeutic effect against liver tumors, including drug-resistant tumors. Phototherapy is also applied in surgical procedures, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Combination strategies significantly enhance therapeutic effects and decrease side effects. Overall, the application of nanotechnology could bring a revolutionary change to the current treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Department of Pathology, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yu-Qin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, The 900th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China
| | - Gao-Xiong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hong-Wei Cheng
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, Fujian Province, China
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28
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Xia W, Tao Z, Zhu B, Zhang W, Liu C, Chen S, Song M. Targeted Delivery of Drugs and Genes Using Polymer Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9118. [PMID: 34502028 PMCID: PMC8431379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the primary causes of worldwide human deaths. Most cancer patients receive chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but these treatments are usually only partially efficacious and lead to a variety of serious side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies. The emergence of nanotechnology has had a profound impact on general clinical treatment. The application of nanotechnology has facilitated the development of nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs) that are highly tumor selective and allow for the slow release of active anticancer drugs. In recent years, vehicles such as liposomes, dendrimers and polymer nanomaterials have been considered promising carriers for tumor-specific drug delivery, reducing toxicity and improving biocompatibility. Among them, polymer nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the most innovative methods of non-invasive drug delivery. Here, we review the application of polymer NPs in drug delivery, gene therapy, and early diagnostics for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Siyu Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (W.X.); (Z.T.); (B.Z.); (W.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Mingming Song
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (W.X.); (Z.T.); (B.Z.); (W.Z.); (C.L.)
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29
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Yang S, Sun IC, Hwang HS, Shim MK, Yoon HY, Kim K. Rediscovery of nanoparticle-based therapeutics: boosting immunogenic cell death for potential application in cancer immunotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3983-4001. [PMID: 33909000 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00397f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) occurring by chemical and physical stimuli has shown the potential to activate an adaptive immune response in the immune-competent living body through the release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) into the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, limitations to the long-term immune responses and systemic toxicity of conventional ICD inducers have led to unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy in ICD-based cancer immunotherapy. Until now, various nanoparticle-based ICD-inducers have been developed to induce an antitumor immune response without severe toxicity, and to efficiently elicit an anticancer immune response against target cancer cells. In this review, we introduce a recent advance in the designs and applications of nanoparticle-based therapeutics to elicit ICD for effective cancer immunotherapy. In particular, combination strategies of nanoparticle-based ICD inducers with typical theranostic modalities are introduced intensively. Subsequently, we discuss the expected challenges and future direction of nanoparticle-based ICD inducers to provide strategies for boosting ICD in cancer immunotherapy. These versatile designs and applications of nanoparticle-based therapeutics for ICD can provide advantages to improve the therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suah Yang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. and Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Cheol Sun
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sook Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Kyu Shim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. and Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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30
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Ye YX, Wu SY, Chen XY, Yu YW, Zeng SMZ, Wang ZC, Jiao QC, Zhu HL. Glutathione-responsive prodrug conjugates for image-guided combination in cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113746. [PMID: 34388382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Theranostic prodrug was highly desirable for precise diagnosis and anti-cancer therapy to decrease side effects. However, it is difficult to conjugate chemo-drug and molecular probe for combined therapy due to the complex pharmacokinetics of different molecules. Here, a novel anticancer theranostic prodrug (BTMP-SS-PTX) had been designed and synthesized by conjugating paclitaxel (PTX) with 2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4-methoxyphenol (BTMP) through a disulphide (-S-S-) linkage, which was redox-sensitive to the high concentration of glutathione in tumors. Upon activation with glutathione in weakly acid media, the BTMP-SS-PTX can be dissociated to release free PTX and visible BTMP, which realized the visual tracking of free drug. The cytotoxicity study demonstrated that soluble prodrug BTMP-SS-PTX displayed more outstanding anticancer activity in HepG2, MCF-7 and HeLa cells, lower toxicity to non-cancer cells (293 T) than free drugs. Furthermore, BTMP-SS-PTX was still able to induce apoptosis of HeLa cells and significantly inhibited tumor growth in HeLa-xenograft mouse model. On the basis of these findings, BTMP-SS-PTX could play a potential role in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Song-Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xin-Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Ya-Wen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Shang-Ming-Zhu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhong-Chang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Qing-Cai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
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31
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Brahma MK, Gilglioni EH, Zhou L, Trépo E, Chen P, Gurzov EN. Oxidative stress in obesity-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: sources, signaling and therapeutic challenges. Oncogene 2021; 40:5155-5167. [PMID: 34290399 PMCID: PMC9277657 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01950-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity affects more than 650 million individuals worldwide and is a well-established risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Oxidative stress can be considered as a bona fide tumor promoter, contributing to the initiation and progression of liver cancer. Indeed, one of the key events involved in HCC progression is excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from the fatty acid influx and chronic inflammation. This review provides insights into the different intracellular sources of obesity-induced ROS and molecular mechanisms responsible for hepatic tumorigenesis. In addition, we highlight recent findings pointing to the role of the dysregulated activity of BCL-2 proteins and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in the generation of hepatic oxidative stress and ROS-mediated dysfunctional signaling, respectively. Finally, we discuss the potential and challenges of novel nanotechnology strategies to prevent ROS formation in obesity-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoja K Brahma
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eduardo H Gilglioni
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lang Zhou
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, United States
| | - Eric Trépo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, C.U.B. Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, United States
| | - Esteban N Gurzov
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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32
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Li W, Cao Z, Yu L, Huang Q, Zhu D, Lu C, Lu A, Liu Y. Hierarchical drug release designed Au @PDA-PEG-MTX NPs for targeted delivery to breast cancer with combined photothermal-chemotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:143. [PMID: 34001161 PMCID: PMC8130275 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00883-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer with a low survival rate and one of the major causes of cancer-related death. Methotrexate (MTX) is an anti-tumor drug used in the treatment of BC. Poor dispersion in water and toxic side effects limit its clinical application. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), owing to their specific structures and unique biological and physiochemical properties, have emerged as potential vehicles for tumor targeting, bioimaging and cancer therapy. An innovative nano drug-loading system (Au @PDA-PEG-MTX NPs) was prepared for targeted treatment of BC. Au @PDA-PEG-MTX NPs under near infra-red region (NIR) irradiation showed effective photothermal therapy against MDA-MB-231 human BC cells growth in vitro by inducing apoptosis through triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and generating excessive heat. In vivo studies revealed deep penetration ability of Au @PDA-PEG-MTX NPs under NIR irradiation to find application in cancer-targeted fluorescence imaging, and exhibited effective photothermal therapy against BC xenograft growth by inducing apoptosis. Histopathological analysis, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity assay, and apoptosis experiments indicated that Au @PDA-PEG-MTX NPs possessed a good therapeutic effect with high biocompatibility and fewer side effects. This Au NPs drug-loading system achieved specific targeting of MTX to BC cells by surface functionalisation, fluorescence imaging under laser irradiation, combined photothermal-chemotherapy, and pH- and NIR- triggered hierarchical drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Liuchunyang Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qingcai Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dongjie Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hongkong, China.
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Therapeutic Silencing of BCL-2 Using NK Cell-Derived Exosomes as a Novel Therapeutic Approach in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102397. [PMID: 34063475 PMCID: PMC8156181 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein BCL-2 is correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) expression in breast cancer and plays an important role for disease pathophysiology. Here, we conceptualized a novel treatment strategy by targeting ER+ breast cancer with NK cell-derived exosomes used as a carrier for BCL-2 targeted siRNAs. With this new approach, we successfully enhanced killing ability of NK cell derived exosomes by silencing of BCL-2 overexpression. Abstract Overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 is frequently observed in multiple malignancies, including about 85% of patients with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer. Besides being studied as a prognostic marker, BCL-2 is investigated as a therapeutic target in ER+ breast cancer. Here, we introduce a new exosome-based strategy to target BCL-2 using genetically modified natural killer (NK) cells. The NK cell line NK92MI was lentivirally transduced to express and load BCL-2 siRNAs (siBCL-2) into exosomes (NKExos) and then evaluated for its potential to treat ER+ breast cancer. Transfected NK92MI cells produced substantial levels of BCL-2 siRNAs, without substantially affecting NK cell viability or effector function and led to loading of siBCL-2 in NKExos. Remarkably, targeting BCL-2 via siBCL-2 NKExos led to enhanced intrinsic apoptosis in breast cancer cells, without affecting non-malignant cells. Together, our prototypical results for BCL-2 in breast cancer provide proof of concept for a novel strategy to utilize NKExos as a natural delivery vector for siRNA targeting of oncogenes.
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Yang S, Shim MK, Kim WJ, Choi J, Nam GH, Kim J, Kim J, Moon Y, Kim HY, Park J, Park Y, Kim IS, Ryu JH, Kim K. Cancer-activated doxorubicin prodrug nanoparticles induce preferential immune response with minimal doxorubicin-related toxicity. Biomaterials 2021; 272:120791. [PMID: 33831739 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The effective chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DOX), elicits immunogenic cell death (ICD) and additional anticancer immune responses during chemotherapy. However, it also induces severe side effects and systemic immunosuppression, hampering its wide clinical application. Herein, we constructed cancer-activated DOX prodrug by conjugating the cathepsin B-cleavable peptide (Phe-Arg-Arg-Gly, FRRG) to a doxorubicin (DOX), resulting in FRRG-DOX that self-assembled into cancer-activated DOX prodrug nanoparticles (CAP-NPs). The resulting CAP-NPs were further stabilized with the FDA-approved compound, Pluronic F68. CAP-NPs formed stable prodrug nanoparticles and they were specifically cleaved to cytotoxic DOX molecules only in cathepsin B-overexpressing cancer cells, inducing a cancer cell-specific cytotoxicity. In particular, the CAP-NPs induced ICD through cathepsin B-cleavage mechanism only in targeted cancer cells in vitro. In colon tumor-bearing mice, selectively accumulated CAP-NPs at tumors enhanced antitumor immunity without DOX-related severe toxicity, inflammatory response and systemic immunosuppression. Moreover, cytotoxicity against immune cells infiltrated into tumor microenvironment was significantly reduced compared to free DOX, leading to increased response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. The combinatorial treatment of CAP-NPs with anti-PD-L1 exhibited high rate of complete tumor regression (50%) compared to free DOX with anti-PD-L1. Concurrently, DOX-related side effects were greatly reduced during chemoimmunotherapy. Collectively, our results suggest that cancer-activated DOX prodrug nanoparticles provide a promising approach to increase clinical benefit by inducing an immune response preferentially only to targeted cancer cells, not to normal cells and immune cells, and potentiates checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suah Yang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Kyu Shim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jun Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Choi
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Hoon Nam
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongrae Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseong Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Moon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooho Park
- Department of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Park
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Ryu
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Li B, Zhao X, Zhang L, Cheng W. Emodin Interferes With AKT1-Mediated DNA Damage and Decreases Resistance of Breast Cancer Cells to Doxorubicin. Front Oncol 2021; 10:588533. [PMID: 33634018 PMCID: PMC7900193 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.588533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a cytotoxic drug used for the treatment of breast cancer (BC). However, the rapid emergence of resistance toward doxorubicin threatens its clinical application, thus the need for combination therapy. Here, we interrogate the role of Emodin, a chemical compound with tumor inhibitory properties, in the resistance of BC to Doxorubicin. We first evaluated the efficacy of Emodin in the treatment of BC cells. We then used γH2A to examine doxorubicin-induced DNA damage in BC cells, with or without Emodin. Data from CCK-8, flow cytometry, and tumor xenograft assays showed that Emodin suppresses the growth of BC cells. Further, we demonstrated that Emodin enhances γH2A levels in BC cells. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis and western blot assays indicated that Emodin down-regulates the AKT1 expression, and marginally decreases the levels of DNA damage proteins (XRCC1, PARP1, and RAD51) as well as increased p53 expression in BC cells. Taken together, our data demonstrates that Emodin affects cell proliferation, and DNA damage pathways in BC cells, thus increasing the sensitivity of BC cells to doxorubicin. Besides, we confirmed that Emodin confers sensitization of BC to doxorubicin through AKT1-mediated DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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