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Sanchez AJDS, Loughrey D, Echeverri ES, Huayamares SG, Radmand A, Paunovska K, Hatit M, Tiegreen KE, Santangelo PJ, Dahlman JE. Substituting Poly(ethylene glycol) Lipids with Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) Lipids Improves Lipid Nanoparticle Repeat Dosing. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304033. [PMID: 38318754 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-lipids are used in Food-and-Drug-Administration-approved lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-RNA drugs, which are safe and effective. However, it is reported that PEG-lipids may also contribute to accelerated blood clearance and rare cases of hypersensitivity; this highlights the utility of exploring PEG-lipid alternatives. Here, it is shown that LNPs containing poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEOZ)-lipids can deliver messenger RNA (mRNA) to multiple cell types in mice inside and outside the liver. In addition, it is reported that LNPs formulated with PEOZ-lipids show reduced clearance from the bloodstream and lower levels of antistealth lipid immunoglobulin Ms than LNPs formulated with PEG-lipids. These data justify further exploration of PEOZ-lipids as alternatives to PEG-lipids in LNP-RNA formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro J Da Silva Sanchez
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - David Loughrey
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Elisa Schrader Echeverri
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Sebastian G Huayamares
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Afsane Radmand
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Kalina Paunovska
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Marine Hatit
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Karen E Tiegreen
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Philip J Santangelo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - James E Dahlman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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2
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Hori T, Shimizu T, Ando H, Okada N, Yamagami H, Yasui S, Hosoki M, Tojima A, Otoda T, Yuasa T, Aihara KI, Takishita M, Yoshida S, Abe M, Ishida T, Nakamura S. Humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 and polyethylene glycol elicited by anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, and effect of pre-existing anti-polyethylene glycol antibody in patients with hematological and autoimmune diseases. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31489. [PMID: 38813140 PMCID: PMC11133887 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of vaccination are modified by hematological and autoimmune diseases and/or treatment. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine contains polyethylene glycol (PEG), it is largely unknown whether PEG influences the effects of vaccination or induces a humoral response. This study examined whether anti-PEG antibodies before vaccination (pre-existing) influenced the acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and evaluated the relationship between the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and anti-PEG antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in hematological and autoimmune diseases. Methods Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody IgG, anti-PEG IgG, and IgM titers were evaluated in patients with hematological and autoimmune diseases after the second dose of BNT162B2. Anti-PEG IgG and IgM titers were also measured before vaccination to examine changes after vaccination and the relationship with vaccine efficacy. Results In patients with hematological (n = 182) and autoimmune diseases (n = 96), anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-PEG antibody titers were evaluated after a median of 33 days from 2nd vaccination. The median anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers were 1901 AU/mL and 3832 AU/mL in patients with hematological and autoimmune disease, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that age and days from 2nd vaccination were negatively associated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers. Anti-CD20 antibody treatment was negatively correlated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers in hematological disease, and C-reactive protein (CRP) was positively correlated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers in autoimmune disease. Baseline anti-PEG antibody titers were significantly higher in patients with autoimmune disease but were not correlated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers. Patients with increased anti-PEG IgG acquired higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers in patients with autoimmune disease. Conclusions Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody acquisition was suboptimal in patients with hematological disease, but both anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody and anti-PEG IgG were acquired in patients with autoimmune disease, reflecting robust humoral immune response. Pre-existing anti-PEG antibody titers did not affect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Hori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anan Medical Center, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Taro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naoto Okada
- Pharmacy Department, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamagami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anan Medical Center, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Saya Yasui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anan Medical Center, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Minae Hosoki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anan Medical Center, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tojima
- Department of Rheumatology, Anan Medical Center, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshiki Otoda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anan Medical Center, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yuasa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anan Medical Center, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Aihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anan Medical Center, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Makoto Takishita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anan Medical Center, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Hematology, Kawashima Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shingen Nakamura
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
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3
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Gaballa SA, Shimizu T, Ando H, Takata H, Emam SE, Ramadan E, Naguib YW, Mady FM, Khaled KA, Ishida T. Treatment-induced and Pre-existing Anti-peg Antibodies: Prevalence, Clinical Implications, and Future Perspectives. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:555-578. [PMID: 37931786 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a versatile polymer that is used in numerous pharmaceutical applications like the food industry, a wide range of disinfectants, cosmetics, and many commonly used household products. PEGylation is the term used to describe the covalent attachment of PEG molecules to nanocarriers, proteins and peptides, and it is used to prolong the circulation half-life of the PEGylated products. Consequently, PEGylation improves the efficacy of PEGylated therapeutics. However, after four decades of research and more than two decades of clinical applications, an unappealing side of PEGylation has emerged. PEG immunogenicity and antigenicity are remarkable challenges that confound the widespread clinical application of PEGylated therapeutics - even those under clinical trials - as anti-PEG antibodies (Abs) are commonly reported following the systemic administration of PEGylated therapeutics. Furthermore, pre-existing anti-PEG Abs have also been reported in healthy individuals who have never been treated with PEGylated therapeutics. The circulating anti-PEG Abs, both treatment-induced and pre-existing, selectively bind to PEG molecules of the administered PEGylated therapeutics inducing activation of the complement system, which results in remarkable clinical implications with varying severity. These include increased blood clearance of the administered PEGylated therapeutics through what is known as the accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon and initiation of serious adverse effects through complement activation-related pseudoallergic reactions (CARPA). Therefore, the US FDA industry guidelines have recommended the screening of anti-PEG Abs, in addition to Abs against PEGylated proteins, in the clinical trials of PEGylated protein therapeutics. In addition, strategies revoking the immunogenic response against PEGylated therapeutics without compromising their therapeutic efficacy are important for the further development of advanced PEGylated therapeutics and drug-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A Gaballa
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University; 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Taro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University; 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University; 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Research Center for Drug Delivery System, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University; 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Haruka Takata
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University; 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Research Center for Drug Delivery System, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University; 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Sherif E Emam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Eslam Ramadan
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University; 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Youssef W Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Mady
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Khaled
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University; 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Research Center for Drug Delivery System, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University; 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
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4
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Gaballa SA, Shimizu T, Takata H, Ando H, Ibrahim M, Emam SE, Amorim Matsuo NC, Kim Y, Naguib YW, Mady FM, Khaled KA, Ishida T. Impact of Anti-PEG IgM Induced via the Topical Application of a Cosmetic Product Containing PEG Derivatives on the Antitumor Effects of PEGylated Liposomal Antitumor Drug Formulations in Mice. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:622-632. [PMID: 38273445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is used in many common products, such as cosmetics. PEG, however, is also used to covalently conjugate drug molecules, proteins, or nanocarriers, which is termed PEGylation, to serve as a shield against the natural immune system of the human body. Repeated administration of some PEGylated products, however, is known to induce anti-PEG antibodies. In addition, preexisting anti-PEG antibodies are now being detected in healthy individuals who have never received PEGylated therapeutics. Both treatment-induced and preexisting anti-PEG antibodies alter the pharmacokinetic properties, which can result in a subsequent reduction in the therapeutic efficacy of administered PEGylated therapeutics through the so-called accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon. Moreover, these anti-PEG antibodies are widely reported to be related to severe hypersensitivity reactions following the administration of PEGylated therapeutics, including COVID-19 vaccines. We recently reported that the topical application of a cosmetic product containing PEG derivatives induced anti-PEG immunoglobulin M (IgM) in a mouse model. Our finding indicates that the PEG derivatives in cosmetic products could be a major cause of the preexistence of anti-PEG antibodies in healthy individuals. In this study, therefore, the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effects of Doxil (doxorubicin hydrochloride-loaded PEGylated liposomes) and oxaliplatin-loaded PEGylated liposomes (Liposomal l-OHP) were studied in mice. The anti-PEG IgM antibodies induced by the topical application of cosmetic products obviously accelerated the blood clearance of both PEGylated liposomal formulations. Moreover, in C26 tumor-bearing mice, the tumor growth suppressive effects of both Doxil and Liposomal l-OHP were significantly attenuated in the presence of anti-PEG IgM antibodies induced by the topical application of cosmetic products. These results confirm that the topical application of a cosmetic product containing PEG derivatives could produce preexisting anti-PEG antibodies that then affect the therapeutic efficacy of subsequent doses of PEGylated therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A Gaballa
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Taro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Haruka Takata
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
- Institute of Innovative Drug Delivery System, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
- Institute of Innovative Drug Delivery System, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Sherif E Emam
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Nana Cristina Amorim Matsuo
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Youssef W Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Mady
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Khaled
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
- Institute of Innovative Drug Delivery System, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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5
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Asoudeh M, Nguyen N, Raith M, Denman DS, Anozie UC, Mokhtarnejad M, Khomami B, Skotty KM, Isaac S, Gebhart T, Vaigneur L, Gelgie A, Dego OK, Freeman T, Beever J, Dalhaimer P. PEGylated nanoparticles interact with macrophages independently of immune response factors and trigger a non-phagocytic, low-inflammatory response. J Control Release 2024; 366:282-296. [PMID: 38123071 PMCID: PMC10922886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Poly-ethylene-glycol (PEG)-based nanoparticles (NPs) - including cylindrical micelles (CNPs), spherical micelles (SNPs), and PEGylated liposomes (PLs) - are hypothesized to be cleared in vivo by opsonization followed by liver macrophage phagocytosis. This hypothesis has been used to explain the rapid and significant localization of NPs to the liver after administration into the mammalian vasculature. Here, we show that the opsonization-phagocytosis nexus is not the major factor driving PEG-NP - macrophage interactions. First, mouse and human blood proteins had insignificant affinity for PEG-NPs. Second, PEG-NPs bound macrophages in the absence of serum proteins. Third, lipoproteins blocked PEG-NP binding to macrophages. Because of these findings, we tested the postulate that PEG-NPs bind (apo)lipoprotein receptors. Indeed, PEG-NPs triggered an in vitro macrophage transcription program that was similar to that triggered by lipoproteins and different from that triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and group A Streptococcus. Unlike LPS and pathogens, PLs did not increase transcripts involved in phagocytosis or inflammation. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and SNPs triggered remarkably similar mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophage transcription programs. Unlike opsonized pathogens, CNPs, SNPs, and PLs lowered macrophage autophagosome levels and either reduced or did not increase the secretion of key macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Thus, the sequential opsonization and phagocytosis process is likely a minor aspect of PEG-NP - macrophage interactions. Instead, PEG-NP interactions with (apo)lipoprotein and scavenger receptors appear to be a strong driving force for PEG-NP - macrophage binding, entry, and downstream effects. We hypothesize that the high presence of these receptors on liver macrophages and on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells is the reason PEG-NPs localize rapidly and strongly to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Asoudeh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Nicole Nguyen
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Mitch Raith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Desiree S Denman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Uche C Anozie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Mahshid Mokhtarnejad
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Bamin Khomami
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Kaitlyn M Skotty
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Sami Isaac
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | | | | | - Aga Gelgie
- Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | | | - Trevor Freeman
- Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jon Beever
- Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Paul Dalhaimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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6
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Sakai H, Kure T, Kobayashi N, Ito T, Yamada Y, Yamada T, Miyamoto R, Imaizumi T, Ando J, Soga T, Osanai Y, Ogawa M, Shimizu T, Ishida T, Azuma H. Absence of Anaphylactic Reactions to Injection of Hemoglobin Vesicles (Artificial Red Cells) to Rodents. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1904-1915. [PMID: 38222647 PMCID: PMC10785325 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The safety and efficacy of hemoglobin vesicles (HbVs) as artificial oxygen carriers encapsulating a purified and concentrated Hb solution in liposomes have been studied extensively. The HbV surface, modified with PEG by incorporating a PEG-conjugated phospholipid, is beneficial for storage and biocompatibility. However, it might be possible that interaction of PEG and the pre-existing anti-PEG antibody in the bloodstream causes acute adverse reaction. This study used two sets of experiments with rats and guinea pigs to ascertain whether the anti-PEG antibody generated by the PEG-modified HbV injection can induce anaphylactic reactions. SD rats received repeated intravenous injection of HbV at a dose rate of 16 or 32 mL/kg three times. Not anti-PEG IgG but anti-PEG IgM was detected. Nevertheless, no anaphylactic reaction occurred. Guinea pigs were used to study the presence of active systemic anaphylaxis further after injections of the PEG-modified liposomes used for HbV. The animals were sensitized by three repeated subcutaneous injections of PEG-modified liposomes (PEG-liposome) along with adjuvant at 1 week intervals. For comparison, unmodified liposomes (liposome) and 10 times excessively PEG-modified liposomes with ionizable lipid (10PEG-DODAP-liposome) were used. Inclusion of PEG modification induced not only anti-PEG IgM but also anti-PEG IgG. Three weeks after the final injection, intravenous injection of both PEG-liposome and liposome (1 mL/kg) induced no anaphylactic reaction. However, the injection of 10PEG-DODAP-liposome showed one lethal anaphylaxis case and one mild anaphylaxis case. Antisera obtained from the animal sensitized as described above were inoculated (0.05 mL) intradermally into fresh guinea pigs. The presence of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis was evaluated after intravenous injections (1 mL/kg) of three liposomes with Evans blue. No dye leakage was detected at any inoculated skin point for PEG-liposome or liposome, but a slight leakage was detected in one inoculated skin point for 10PEG-DODAP-liposome. These results indicate the absence of acute allergic reactions at repeated injections of HbVs despite the anti-PEG antibody induction. Not all the PEG-modified liposomes show anaphylaxis, and it may depend on the amount of PEGylated phospholipid and lipid composition of PEG-modified liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Sakai
- Department
of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kure
- Department
of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Naoko Kobayashi
- Department
of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ito
- Nihon
Bioresearch Inc., Hashima 501-6251, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiro Ando
- Nihon
Bioresearch Inc., Hashima 501-6251, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Taro Shimizu
- Research
Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka
University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department
of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical
Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department
of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical
Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Azuma
- Department
of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
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7
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He S, Liu S. Zwitterionic materials for nucleic acid delivery and therapeutic applications. J Control Release 2024; 365:919-935. [PMID: 38103789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics have demonstrated substantial potential in combating various diseases. However, challenges persist, particularly in the delivery of multifunctional nucleic acids. To address this issue, numerous gene delivery vectors have been developed to fully unlock the potential of gene therapy. The advancement of innovative materials with exceptional delivery properties is critical to propel the clinical translation of nucleic acid drugs. Cationic vector materials have received extensive attention, while zwitterionic materials remain relatively underappreciated in delivery. In this review, we outline a diverse range of zwitterionic material nucleic acid carriers, predominantly encompassing zwitterionic lipids, polymers and peptides. Their respective chemical structures, synthesis approaches, properties, advantages, and therapeutic applications are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, we highlight the challenges and future opportunities associated with the development of zwitterionic vector materials. This review will aid to understand the zwitterionic materials in aiding gene delivery, contributing to the continual progress of nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China; National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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8
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Neun BW, Dobrovolskaia MA. Detection of Pre-Existing Antibodies to Polyethylene Glycol and PEGylated Liposomes in Human Serum. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2789:185-192. [PMID: 38507004 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3786-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol, or PEG, is common in consumer products, over-the-counter medications, food, and pharmaceutical products. Concerns about PEG immunogenicity and the subsequent negative impact of pre-existing and product-induced antibodies often shadow the benefits of using PEG in nanotechnology-based products. Such anti-PEG antibodies contribute to the accelerated blood clearance of PEGylated nanomedicines and result in premature drug release and antibody-mediated toxicities. Recent data demonstrated that using PEG in COVID-19 lipid nanoparticle-mRNA vaccines is associated with an induction of anti-PEG antibodies in healthy individuals, further contributing to the development or boosting of pre-existing antibodies and increasing the risks of antibody-mediated toxicities to other products containing PEG. Therefore, monitoring the levels of pre-existing and product-induced anti-PEG antibodies provides mechanistic insights for pharmacology, toxicology, and immunological studies of PEGylated drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry W Neun
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
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Miao G, He Y, Lai K, Zhao Y, He P, Tan G, Wang X. Accelerated blood clearance of PEGylated nanoparticles induced by PEG-based pharmaceutical excipients. J Control Release 2023; 363:12-26. [PMID: 37717659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
PEGylated nanomedicines have been extensively developed and applied to cancer therapy. However, the antitumor efficacy of these nanoparticles is hampered by the accelerated blood clearance (ABC) effect caused by anti-PEG antibodies in vivo. There is still limited understanding about the cause of pre-existing anti-PEG antibodies in the human body. Herein, we discovered that PEG-based pharmaceutical excipients, commonly used in clinical and daily settings, could induce anti-PEG antibodies in vivo and lead to considerable potential clinical impacts on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of PEGylated nanoparticles. Specifically, we investigated the ability of poloxamer 188 (F68) and poloxamer 407 (F127), the two most frequently used PEG-based pharmaceutical excipients, to elicit the production of anti-PEG antibodies and influence the pharmacokinetics of PEGylated nanoparticles, with PEGylated liposome nanoparticles (L-NPs) as a model. Anti-PEG IgG and IgM levels were significantly boosted 3.8- and 32.2-fold, respectively, after pre-injection with F68, leading to rapid clearance of subsequently injected L-NPs from circulation due to the capture by neutrophils and monocytes. However, pre-injection of F127 did not induce the production of anti-PEG IgG, although there was a 7.7-fold increase in IgM level, which resulted in minimal effect on circulation time of L-NPs. Furthermore, the potential clinical impacts of F68 and F127 were further inspected for PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD). It was found that administering F68 prior to treatment led to over a one-third decrease in the antitumor effectiveness of PLD, while F127 had a negligible impact. Our study elucidates the mechanism by which PEG-based pharmaceutical excipients influence the effectiveness of PEGylated nanomedicines. It also highlights the significance of considering the potential for an ABC effect induced by PEG-based pharmaceutical excipients in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifeng Miao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuejian He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Keren Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peiyi He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guozhu Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Takata H, Shimizu T, Yamade R, Elsadek NE, Emam SE, Ando H, Ishima Y, Ishida T. Anti-PEG IgM production induced by PEGylated liposomes as a function of administration route. J Control Release 2023; 360:285-292. [PMID: 37355210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Modifying the surface of nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a commonly used approach for improving the in vitro stability of nanoparticles such as liposomes and increasing their circulation half-lives. We have demonstrated that, in certain conditions, an intravenous (i.v.) injection of PEGylated liposomes (PEG-Lip) induced anti-PEG IgM antibodies, which led to rapid clearance of second doses in mice. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, composed of mRNA-containing PEGylated lipid nanoparticles, have been widely administered as intramuscular (i.m.) injections, so it is important to determine if PEGylated formulations can induce anti-PEG antibodies. If the favorable properties that PEGylation imparts to therapeutic nanoparticles are to be widely applicable this should apply to various routes of administration. However, there are few reports on the effect of different administration routes on the in vivo production of anti-PEG IgM. In this study, we investigated anti-PEG IgM production in mice following i.m., intraperitoneal (i.p.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of PEG-Lip. PEG-Lip appeared to induce anti-PEG IgM by all the tested routes of administration, although the lipid dose causing maximum responses varied. Splenectomy attenuated the anti-PEG IgM production for all routes of administration, suggesting that splenic immune cells may have contributed to anti-PEG IgM production. Interestingly, in vitro experiments indicated that not only splenic cells but also cells in the peritoneal cavity induced anti-PEG IgM following incubation with PEG-Lip. These observations confirm previous experiments that have shown that measurable amounts of PEG-Lip administered i.p., i.m. or s.c. are absorbed to some extent into the blood circulation, where they can be distributed to the spleen and/or peritoneal cavity, and are recognized by B cells, triggering anti-PEG IgM production. The results obtained in this study have important implications for developing efficient PEGylated nanoparticular delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Takata
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Taro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Rina Yamade
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Nehal E Elsadek
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Sherif E Emam
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
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Kozma GT, Mészáros T, Berényi P, Facskó R, Patkó Z, Oláh CZ, Nagy A, Fülöp TG, Glatter KA, Radovits T, Merkely B, Szebeni J. Role of anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) antibodies in the allergic reactions to PEG-containing Covid-19 vaccines: Evidence for immunogenicity of PEG. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00667-9. [PMID: 37330369 PMCID: PMC10239905 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A small fraction of recipients who receive polyethylene-glycol (PEG)-containing COVID-19 mRNA-LNP vaccines (Comirnaty and Spikevax) develop hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) or anaphylaxis. A causal role of anti-PEG antibodies (Abs) has been proposed, but not yet been proven in humans.We used ELISA for serial measurements of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing Ab (anti-S) and anti-PEG IgG/IgM Ab levels before and after the first and subsequent booster vaccinations with mRNA-LNP vaccines in a total of 291 blood donors. The HSRs in 15 subjects were graded and correlated with anti-PEG IgG/IgM, just as the anti-S and anti-PEG Ab levels with each other. The impacts of gender, allergy, mastocytosis and use of cosmetics were also analyzed. Serial testing of two or more plasma samples showed substantial individual variation of anti-S Ab levels after repeated vaccinations, just as the levels of anti-PEG IgG and IgM, which were over baseline in 98-99 % of unvaccinated individuals. About 3-4 % of subjects in the strongly left-skewed distribution had 15-45-fold higher values than the median, referred to as anti-PEG Ab supercarriers. Both vaccines caused significant rises of anti-PEG IgG/IgM with >10-fold rises in about ∼10 % of Comirnaty, and all Spikevax recipients. The anti-PEG IgG and/or IgM levels in the 15 vaccine reactors (3 anaphylaxis) were significantly higher compared to nonreactors. Serial testing of plasma showed significant correlation between the booster injection-induced rises of anti-S and anti-PEG IgGs, suggesting coupled anti-S and anti-PEG immunogenicity.Conclusions: The small percentage of people who have extremelevels of anti-PEG Ab in their blood may be at increased risk for HSRs/anaphylaxis to PEGylated vaccines and other PEGylated injectables. This risk might be further increased by the anti-PEG immunogenicity of these vaccines. Screening for anti-PEG Ab "supercarriers" may help predicting reactors and thus preventing these adverse phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Tibor Kozma
- Nanomedicine Research and Education Center, Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; SeroScience LLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Mészáros
- Nanomedicine Research and Education Center, Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; SeroScience LLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Berényi
- Nanomedicine Research and Education Center, Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; SeroScience LLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Facskó
- Nanomedicine Research and Education Center, Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; SeroScience LLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Patkó
- Department of Radiology, BAZ County Central Hospital and Borsod County University Teaching Hospital and Miskolc University, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Csaba Zs Oláh
- Department of Neurosurgery, BAZ County Central Hospital and Borsod County University Teaching Hospital, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Adrienne Nagy
- Department of Allergy, Heim Pál Children's Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Szebeni
- Nanomedicine Research and Education Center, Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; SeroScience LLC, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Nanobiotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Miskolc University, Miskolc, Hungary; Translational Nanobioscience Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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