1
|
Malekan M, Haass NK, Rokni GR, Gholizadeh N, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Kazeminejad A. VEGF/VEGFR axis and its signaling in melanoma: Current knowledge toward therapeutic targeting agents and future perspectives. Life Sci 2024; 345:122563. [PMID: 38508233 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is responsible for most skin cancer-associated deaths globally. The progression of melanoma is influenced by a number of pathogenic processes. Understanding the VEGF/VEGFR axis, which includes VEGF-A, PlGF, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D and their receptors, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3, is of great importance in melanoma due to its crucial role in angiogenesis. This axis generates multifactorial and complex cellular signaling, engaging the MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, PKC, PLC-γ, and FAK signaling pathways. Melanoma cell growth and proliferation, migration and metastasis, survival, and acquired resistance to therapy are influenced by this axis. The VEGF/VEGFR axis was extensively examined for their potential as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in melanoma patients and results showed that VEGF overexpression can be associated with unfavorable prognosis, higher level of tumor invasion and poor response to therapy. MicroRNAs linking to the VEGF/VEGFR axis were identified and, in this review, divided into two categories according to their functions, some of them promote melanoma angiogenesis (promotive group) and some restrict melanoma angiogenesis (protective group). In addition, the approach of treating melanoma by targeting the VEGF/VEGFR axis has garnered significant interest among researchers. These agents can be divided into two main groups: anti-VEGF and VEGFR inhibitors. These therapeutic options may be a prominent step along with the modern targeting and immune therapies for better coverage of pathological processes leading to melanoma progression and therapy resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Malekan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | | | - Ghasem Rahmatpour Rokni
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nasim Gholizadeh
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Armaghan Kazeminejad
- Department of Dermatology, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences,Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Frezoulis P, Harper A. The role of toceranib phosphate in dogs with non-mast cell neoplasia: A systematic review. Vet Comp Oncol 2022; 20:362-371. [PMID: 34981886 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has gained significant importance in veterinary cancer patients over the last decade. Toceranib phosphate has been licensed for the treatment of dogs with mast cell tumours. Its molecular similarity to sunitinib, a TKI used in human medicine, has led many veterinary oncologists to use this agent for multiple neoplastic diseases. The aim of the current study was to perform a systematic review of the evidence for the use of toceranib in dogs with non-mast cell neoplasia. Two electronic databases were searched. Publications were included if toceranib was used as a treatment option in canine patients. Studies and case reports were excluded if toceranib was used as part of a multi-modal treatment plan and response or outcome data related to toceranib therapy were not described. A total of 28 studies were included from 122 references. The most common types of neoplasias identified were neuroendocrine tumours, anal gland sac adenocarcinoma, and osteosarcoma. Multiple other neoplasias had one or two studies identified to describe the use of toceranib. Results of the study support that toceranib phosphate may have efficacy against certain types of neoplasia under certain conditions, such as neuroendocrine tumours, gastrointestinal stromal tumours and anal sac adenocarcinomas, while it is probably not effective for the management of metastatic osteosarcoma based on the findings of the review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Harper
- Wear Veterinary Referrals, Stockton-on-Tees, Durham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sarkar A, Junnuthula V, Dyawanapelly S. Ocular Therapeutics and Molecular Delivery Strategies for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (nAMD). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10594. [PMID: 34638935 PMCID: PMC8508687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in geriatric population. Intravitreal (IVT) injections are popular clinical option. Biologics and small molecules offer efficacy but relatively shorter half-life after intravitreal injections. To address these challenges, numerous technologies and therapies are under development. Most of these strategies aim to reduce the frequency of injections, thereby increasing patient compliance and reducing patient-associated burden. Unlike IVT frequent injections, molecular therapies such as cell therapy and gene therapy offer restoration ability hence gained a lot of traction. The recent approval of ocular gene therapy for inherited disease offers new hope in this direction. However, until such breakthrough therapies are available to the majority of patients, antibody therapeutics will be on the shelf, continuing to provide therapeutic benefits. The present review aims to highlight the status of pre-clinical and clinical studies of neovascular AMD treatment modalities including Anti-VEGF therapy, upcoming bispecific antibodies, small molecules, port delivery systems, photodynamic therapy, radiation therapy, gene therapy, cell therapy, and combination therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aira Sarkar
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
| | | | - Sathish Dyawanapelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Mumbai 400019, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nanodiagnostics and Nanotherapeutics for age-related macular degeneration. J Control Release 2021; 329:1262-1282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
5
|
Immunohistochemical Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor as a Prognostic Marker for Canine Mast Cell Tumors. Top Companion Anim Med 2020; 42:100506. [PMID: 33348010 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Strong to moderate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression may be a negative prognostic factor in canine mast cell tumors (MCTs). This study set out to determine the prognostic value of combined analysis of VEGF-A immunoreactivity, clinical presentation, patient staging, and tumor histologic grade in canine MCTs. In this study, intense VEGF staining was significantly associated with decreased survival (P = .025). Immunohistochemical expression of VEGF is not routinely employed as a prognostic factor in canine MCT workup. However, results of this study support the inclusion of this marker in the MCT prognostic panel. Investigation of VEGF expression may assist in the development of anti-VEGF drugs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Abdominal Fluid in Dogs with Oncological and Non-Oncological Diseases. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/macvetrev-2019-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a multifunctional cytokine stimulating the growth of vascular endothelial cells, survival and proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis. It is one of the most potent stimulants of vascular permeability. VEGF is found at high levels in inflammatory and tumour-associated pleural and abdominal effusions and is involved in their occurrence. In the present study, the blood plasma and abdominal fluid VEGF levels were assayed in thirty-one client-owned dogs with neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The VEGF concentration in abdominal fluid of dogs (n=6) with ascites was 190.70±34.35 pg/ml, in dogs (n=6) with peritonitis: 1449.81±365.42 pg/ml and in dogs (n=9) with tumour-associated effusion: 1993.13±202.56 pg/ml. Blood plasma VEGF of healthy dogs (control group, n=10) was 36.79±5.72 pg/ml, in dogs with ascites: 57.92±2.88 pg/ml, in dogs with peritonitis: 76.98±7.24 pg/ml and in dogs with tumour-associated effusion: 173.50±40.9 pg/ml. There were substantial differences between blood plasma and abdominal fluid VEGF levels.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mander KA, Finnie JW. Tumour angiogenesis, anti-angiogenic therapy and chemotherapeutic resistance. Aust Vet J 2018; 96:371-378. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KA Mander
- Adelaide Medical School; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - JW Finnie
- Adelaide Medical School; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- SA Pathology Centre for Neurological Diseases; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Denies S, Cicchelero L, Polis I, Sanders NN. Immunogenicity and safety of xenogeneic vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 DNA vaccination in mice and dogs. Oncotarget 2017; 7:10905-16. [PMID: 26871296 PMCID: PMC4905448 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) is an attractive target in oncology due to its crucial role in angiogenesis. In this study a DNA vaccine coding for human VEGFR-2 was evaluated in healthy mice and dogs, administered by intradermal injection and electroporation. In mice, three doses and vaccination schedules were evaluated. Cellular immune responses were measured by intracellular IFN-gamma staining and a cytotoxicity assay and antibodies by ELISA. Safety was assessed by measuring regulatory T cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells and a wound healing assay. The vaccine was subsequently evaluated in dogs, which were vaccinated three times with 100μg. Cellular immune responses were measured by intracellular IFN-gamma staining and antibodies by a flow cytometric assay. In mice, maximal cellular responses were observed after two vaccinations with 5μg. Humoral responses continued to increase with higher dose and number of vaccinations. No abnormalities in the measured safety parameters were observed. The vaccine was also capable of eliciting a cellular and humoral immune response in dogs. No adverse effects were observed, but tolerability of the electroporation was poor. This study will facilitate the evaluation of the vaccine in tumor bearing animals, ranging from rodent models to dogs with spontaneous tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Denies
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Laetitia Cicchelero
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Small Animal Hospital, Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Niek N Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yamazaki H, Miura N, Lai YC, Takahashi M, Goto-Koshino Y, Yasuyuki M, Nakaichi M, Tsujimoto H, Setoguchi A, Endo Y. Effects of toceranib phosphate (Palladia) monotherapy on multidrug resistant lymphoma in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1225-1229. [PMID: 28592719 PMCID: PMC5559368 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether multidrug resistant (MDR) canine lymphoma increases gene expression for platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and c-KIT, and whether toceranib phosphate (TOC) has potential as a treatment for MDR canine lymphoma. The clinical data showed that PDGFRα expression was higher in canine subjects with MDR T-cell lymphoma than in those with untreated T-cell lymphoma, and that c-KIT expression was greater in subjects with T-cell lymphoma than in those with B-cell lymphoma. TOC monotherapy was well tolerated without serious adverse effects, and two of the five subjects that received TOC exhibited partial responses. The data presented here could contribute to the assessment of TOC-based therapy for dogs with MDR or T-cell lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamazaki
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.,Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Naoki Miura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yu-Chang Lai
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Masashi Takahashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yuko Goto-Koshino
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Momoi Yasuyuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Munekazu Nakaichi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Asuka Setoguchi
- Bayside Animal Clinic, 22-9 Sakaecho, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 221-0052, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Endo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yamazaki H, Lai YC, Tateno M, Setoguchi A, Goto-Koshino Y, Endo Y, Nakaichi M, Tsujimoto H, Miura N. Hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-302 decreased survival rate of canine lymphoma cells under hypoxic condition. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177305. [PMID: 28489881 PMCID: PMC5425042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypotheses that hypoxic stimulation enhances growth potentials of canine lymphoma cells by activating hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and that the hypoxia-activated prodrug (TH-302) inhibits growth potentials in the cells. We investigated how hypoxic culture affects the growth rate, chemoresistance, and invasiveness of canine lymphoma cells and doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant lymphoma cells, and influences of TH-302 on survival rate of the cells under hypoxic conditions. Our results demonstrated that hypoxic culture upregulated the expression of HIF-1α and its target genes, including ATP-binding cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1), ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and survivin, and enhanced the growth rate, DOX resistance, and invasiveness of the cells. Additionally, TH-302 decreased the survival rate of the cells under hypoxic condition. Our studies suggest that hypoxic stimulation may advance the tumorigenicity of canine lymphoma cells, favoring malignant transformation. Therefore, the data presented may contribute to the development of TH-302-based hypoxia-targeting therapies for canine lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamazaki
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yu-Chang Lai
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Morihiro Tateno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Yuko Goto-Koshino
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Endo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Munekazu Nakaichi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Miura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aricò A, Giantin M, Gelain ME, Riondato F, Comazzi S, Rütgen BC, Essler SE, Dacasto M, Castagnaro M, Aresu L. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases in canine lymphoma: in vivo and in vitro study. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:94. [PMID: 23641796 PMCID: PMC3659052 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine lymphoma represents the most frequent haematopoietic cancer and it shares some similarities with human non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) play a coordinated role during invasion and proliferation of malignant cells; however, little is known about their role in canine haematologic malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate the mRNA and protein expression of VEGF and the most relevant MMPs in canine lymphoma. Lymph node aspirates from 26 B-cell and 21 T-cell lymphomas were collected. The protein expression levels of MMP-9, MMP-2 and VEGF-A were evaluated by immunocytochemistry, and the mRNA levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, MT1-MMP, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, RECK, VEGF-A and VEGF-164 were measured using quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS MT1-MMP, TIMP-1 and RECK mRNA levels were significantly higher in T-cell lymphomas than in B-cell lymphomas. Higher mRNA and protein levels of MMP-9 and VEGF-A were observed in T-cell lymphomas than in B-cell lymphomas and healthy control lymph nodes. A positive correlation was found between MMP-9 and VEGF-A in T-cell lymphomas. Moreover, MMP-9, MT1-MMP, TIMP-1 and VEGF-A were expressed at the highest levels in high-grade T-cell lymphomas. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new information on the expression of different MMPs and VEGF in canine lymphoma, suggesting a possible correlation between different MMPs and VEGF, immunophenotype and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Aricò
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Giantin M, Aresu L, Benali S, Aricò A, Morello E, Martano M, Vascellari M, Castagnaro M, Lopparelli R, Zancanella V, Granato A, Mutinelli F, Dacasto M. Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases, Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Canine Mast Cell Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2012; 147:419-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
13
|
de Queiroz GF, Dagli MLZ, Meira SA, Matera JM. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor in dogs with soft tissue sarcomas. Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 11:230-5. [PMID: 22372675 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in 25 dogs with soft tissue sarcoma, and in 30 healthy dogs. Blood was collected once time from the control animals and three times, in the same way, from animals with sarcoma. Blood count was performed in the blood collected, and serum VEGF was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay quantitative method. Serum VEGF in control animals was similar to patients with soft tissue sarcoma. There was a reduction in serum VEGF after the sarcoma resection. There was positive correlation between serum VEGF and neutrophil counts, and negative between VEGF and hemoglobin content in animals with sarcoma. Animals with hemangiopericytoma showed higher serum VEGF levels compared to the patients with malignant peripheral nerve sheath. Circulating blood cells can contribute to elevate VEGF serum concentrations in dogs with soft tissue sarcomas and a possible role of VEGF in the angiogenesis of these tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Fernandes de Queiroz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Binder DR, Herring IP, Zimmerman KL, Phillip Pickett J, Huckle WR. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 and -2 in normal and diseased canine eyes. Vet Ophthalmol 2011; 15:223-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
15
|
Wolfesberger B, Tonar Z, Fuchs-Baumgartinger A, Walter I, Skalicky M, Witter K, Thalhammer JG, Pagitz M, Kleiter M. Angiogenic markers in canine lymphoma tissues do not predict survival times in chemotherapy treated dogs. Res Vet Sci 2011; 92:444-50. [PMID: 21596405 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, which is essential for malignancies to progress, depends on various signalling proteins including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2). Microvessel density (MVD) is frequently used to evaluate angiogenesis. This study assessed the relationship between expression of VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, MVD and the survival time in dogs with lymphoma. VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically and microvessel profiles were counted in 34 lymphoma samples. Seventy-nine percent of the samples showed high VEGF expression and 62% were highly positive for VEGFR-1; VEGFR-2 immunoreactivity was mostly negative. Dogs treated with chemotherapy had a median survival time of 266days, but no significant relationships were found between overall survival time, MVD and expression of VEGF, VEGFR-1 or VEGFR-2. In this study, VEGF its receptors and the MVD were no prognostic factors in dogs with lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Wolfesberger
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abrams KL, Stabila PF, Kauper K, Elliott S. Vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic and nondiabetic canine cataract patients. Vet Ophthalmol 2011; 14:93-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2010.00846.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
17
|
Tripp C, Fidel J, Anderson C, Patrick M, Pratt C, Sellon R, Bryan J. Tolerability of Metronomic Administration of Lomustine in Dogs with Cancer. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25:278-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0684.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
|
18
|
Jais A, Klein D, Wolfesberger B, Walter I. Gene expression profile of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors in various cell types of the canine lymph node using laser capture microdissection (LCM). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 140:207-14. [PMID: 21211854 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of VEGF and its receptors has extensively been studied in tumours. In contrast, the presence and function of VEGF in normal tissues like the lymph node has not been given much attention until now. To study the expression of VEGF, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 in the heterogenous cell population of the canine lymph node, laser capture microdissection was used to isolate pure cell fractions of macrophages, lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and capsule cells of the canine lymph node. To clarify if macrophages take up VEGF from the environment or express VEGF, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 or VEGFR-3 themselves, the mRNA expression was studied by real-time RT-PCR. After RNA isolation and subsequent analysis with the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer only RNA samples with appropriate RNA integrity were used for real-time PCR. For the accurate relative quantification of mRNA expression levels several reference genes were evaluated. It was shown that the reference genes HPRT1 and B2M serve as reliable reference genes for gene expression studies in the canine lymph node. Expression data analysis revealed no significant difference in VEGF expression levels between endothelial cells and the other investigated cells. VEGFR-1 expression was significantly lower in lymphocytes. Also macrophages showed a highly significant lower expression of VEGFR-1 compared to endothelial cells. In addition, the VEGFR-2 expression in lymphocytes and macrophages was significantly lower in comparison to endothelial cells. We were not able to detect VEGFR-3 mRNA in the lymphocyte cell population, in macrophages and cells of the lymph node capsule VEGFR-3 was expressed at very low levels. It was shown that laser capture microdissection in combination with quantitative real-time PCR is a valuable tool for studying the expression patterns of specific cells in their microenvironment. Our results support the hypothesis that VEGF and its receptors have other biological roles besides stimulating angiogenesis in the normal lymph node. These biological functions need to be clarified in further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jais
- VetOMICS Core Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dvir E, Clift SJ. Evaluation of selected growth factor expression in canine spirocercosis (Spirocerca lupi)-associated non-neoplastic nodules and sarcomas. Vet Parasitol 2010; 174:257-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
20
|
Walter I, Galabova G, Dimov D, Helmreich M. The morphological basis of proestrus endometrial bleeding in canines. Theriogenology 2010; 75:411-420.e1. [PMID: 21112080 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial bleeding during proestrus is a well-known phenomenon in the bitch. However, the exact events on the cellular level have not been studied. In the present investigation, immunohistochemical methods and transmission electron microscopy were employed to obtain more information about this cyclic event in canines. Long, stretched blood vessels were seen in H&E stained sections during proestrus. These vessels showed mitotic activity, as evidenced by Ki67 immunostaining. Although the endothelial lining and basement membrane of endometrial blood vessels seemed continuous, as indicated by immunohistochemical staining for laminin and Von Willebrand factor, transmission electron microscopy showed an extreme thinning and even interruption of the vascular wall in endometrial venules. Platelets were frequently seen in those areas, and also detected by immunohistochemistry. Interestingly, all endometrial capillaries examined by electron microscopy had an intact wall. We therefore postulate the endometrial venules to be the blood vessels that are mainly responsible for proestrus endometrial bleeding, rather than subepithelial capillaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Walter
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Growth factors are low molecular peptides active in the stimulation of cell proliferation and in the regulation of embryonic development and cellular differentiation. Significant progress has been made in developing effective strategies to treat human malignancies with new chemical compounds based on a rationale directed against various components of signaling pathways. Many of these drugs target a growth factor receptor--for instance, in the form of monoclonal antibodies or inhibitors of tyrosine kinases, such as monoclonal antibodies against epidermal growth factor receptors used in treating certain types of breast cancer. Imatinib mesylate [Gleevec]) is an excellent example of mediators of signal transduction, such as tyrosine kinases. Growth factors proper are used to ameliorate various and sometimes fatal side effects of cytotoxic and/or myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Basic characteristics of several growth families are discussed with therapeutic modalities based on growth factor activity or, more often, inhibition of such activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Halper
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7388, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wolfesberger B, Tonar Z, Witter K, Guija de Arespacohaga A, Skalicky M, Walter I, Thalhammer JG, Egger GF. Microvessel density in normal lymph nodes and lymphomas of dogs and their correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Res Vet Sci 2008; 85:56-61. [PMID: 17888471 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Revised: 07/22/2007] [Accepted: 07/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microvessel density is a frequently used parameter of angiogenesis, which is a complex multistep process necessary for tumor progression. The aim of this study was to compare the microvessel density of normal lymph node biopsies with those diagnosed with lymphoma in dogs. Furthermore, we sought to determine if there was any correlation between microvessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in canine lymphoma, representing a potential target for anti-angiogenic therapy. Combined immunohistochemistry (von Willebrand factor) and lectin histochemistry was used to highlight microvessels in 40 untreated canine lymphomas and 14 normal lymph nodes. To evaluate microvessel density, the number of profiles of blood vessels per unit area was calculated. Fifty image fields (a total area of 5.68 mm(2)) were sampled for each specimen in a systematic random, way. We found a significant difference between the microvessel densities (MVD) of normal and neoplastic lymph nodes (177+/-35 versus 241+/-72 microvessel profiles/mm(2)). Classifying lymphoma samples according to the working formulation and the Kiel classification system revealed no significant differences in MVD between different grade malignancies. Immunohistochemical demonstration of the proangiogenic protein vascular endothelial growth factor showed expression in 60% of canine lymphomas, although there was no correlation between microvessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. As an increase in tumor angiogenesis was observed in lymphoma samples compared to normal canine lymph node tissue, additional anti-angiogenic therapy, besides conventional chemotherapy as a lymphoma treatment may be effective. The optimal target among many pro-angiogenic factors has yet to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgitt Wolfesberger
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|