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Gibson AM, Rosser MF, de Oliveira CR, Lampe R, Pfeiff JM, Roady P, Foss KD. Magnetic resonance imaging findings and antemortem cytologic diagnosis of intramedullary spinal cord ependymoma in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:1446-1451. [PMID: 34757938 DOI: 10.2460/javma.20.09.0541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 3-year-old 31.1-kg castrated male mixed-breed dog was evaluated because of a 1- to 2-week history of paraparesis, knuckling of the hind feet, and difficulty posturing to urinate or defecate. CLINICAL FINDINGS The dog was paraparetic but weakly ambulatory with a kyphotic posture, a mildly decreased patellar reflex in the right pelvic limb, increased tone in both pelvic limbs, and marked hyperesthesia on paraspinal palpation of the lumbar region. The urinary bladder was enlarged and firm on palpation. Neuroanatomic findings were primarily consistent with localization to the T3-L3 spinal cord segments. Magenetic resonance imaging of the thoracolumbar spinal column revealed a discrete intramedullary spinal cord mass from the cranial aspect of L4 to the middle of L5. The mass was sampled by fine-needle aspiration, and on cytologic evaluation, the suspected diagnosis was an ependymoma. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Owing to poor prognosis and limited treatment options, the owner elected euthanasia. Postmortem examination of the spinal cord and histologic findings for samples of the mass supported a likely diagnosis of ependymoma. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ependymoma is a rare neoplasm in dogs but should be considered in young patients with evidence of a tumor in the CNS. Fine-needle aspiration of the spinal cord mass was possible in the dog of this report, and the cytologic findings provided useful diagnostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Gibson
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802
| | - Michael F Rosser
- From the Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802
| | - Cintia R de Oliveira
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802
| | - Rachel Lampe
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802
| | - Janice M Pfeiff
- From the Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802
| | - Patrick Roady
- From the Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802
| | - Kari D Foss
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802
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Lampe R, Levitin HA, Hecht S, Vieson MD, Selting KA, Hague DW, Foss KD. MRI of CNS lymphoma with choroid plexus involvement in five dogs and one cat. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:690-699. [PMID: 33769594 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical features, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and outcome of dogs and cats with central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma that involved the choroid plexus. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bi-institutional retrospective study of MRI of dogs and cats with CNS lymphoma, in which the choroid plexus was affected on MRI. Signalment, clinical, MRI, clinicopathologic and histopathologic findings were recorded and evaluated. RESULTS CNS lymphoma with choroid plexus involvement on the MRI was identified in five dogs and one cat. MRI revealed diffuse enlargement and multifocal nodularity in the choroid plexus in most cases, with the fourth ventricle the most common site affected. Five of the cases had signs of extraneural involvement (including the cat), while the sixth case was not staged. Four of five CSF samples analysed provided a diagnosis of lymphoma. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE We report MRI findings of CNS lymphoma involving the choroid plexus. These results show the importance of recognising novel imaging patterns and the potential utility of CSF collection in diagnosing CNS lymphoma involving the choroid plexus ante mortem.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lampe
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Urbana, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - H A Levitin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Urbana, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - S Hecht
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - M D Vieson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Urbana, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - K A Selting
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Urbana, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - D W Hague
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Urbana, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - K D Foss
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Urbana, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
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Clarke NRJ, Harris GL, Greville‐Heygate O, Constantino‐Casas F, Freeman P. Spinal cord clear cell meningioma in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul Freeman
- Department of Veterinary MedicineQueen's Veterinary School HospitalCambridgeUK
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Robinson KR, Kent M, Barber RM, Platt SR. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 254:685-688. [PMID: 30835170 DOI: 10.2460/javma.254.6.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Crawford AH, Spiro S, Smith KC, Beltran E. Ependymoma arising from the third ventricle mimicking optic neuritis in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abbe Harper Crawford
- Department of Clinical Science and ServicesRoyal Veterinary College Clinical Services DivisionHatfieldUK
| | - Simon Spiro
- Anatomic PathologyRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Kenneth C Smith
- Department of Pathology and Infectious DiseasesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | - Elsa Beltran
- Department of Clinical Science and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeNorth MymmsHatfieldUK
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Miller AD, Koehler JW, Donovan TA, Stewart JE, Porter BF, Rissi DR, Priestnall SL, Schulman FY. Canine Ependymoma: Diagnostic Criteria and Common Pitfalls. Vet Pathol 2019; 56:860-867. [PMID: 31266414 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819859872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Reports of canine ependymoma are generally restricted to single case reports with tumor incidence estimated at 2% to 3% of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. While most commonly reported in the lateral ventricle, tumors can occur anywhere in the ventricular system and in extraventricular locations. Rosettes and pseudorosettes are a common histologic feature; however, these features can be mimicked by other CNS neoplasms. Thirty-seven potential ependymoma cases were identified in a retrospective database search of 8 institutions, and a histologic review of all cases was conducted. Of 37 cases, 22 candidate cases were further subjected to a consensus histologic and immunohistochemical review, and only 5 of 37 (13.5%) were conclusively identified as ependymoma. The neuroanatomic locations were the lateral ventricle (3/5), third ventricle (1/5), and mesencephalic aqueduct (1/5). Subtypes were papillary (4/5) and tanycytic (1/5). Histologic features included rosettes (5/5), pseudorosettes (5/5), ependymal canals (2/5), tanycytic differentiation (1/5), blepharoplasts (1/5), ciliated cells (1/5), and high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio (5/5). Immunolabeling for GFAP (4/4) and CKAE1/3 (3/4) was found in pseudorosettes, rosettes, and scattered individual neoplastic cells. Diffuse but variably intense cytoplasmic S100 immunolabeling was detected in 3 of 4 cases. Olig2 intranuclear immunolabeling was observed in less than 1% of the neoplastic cells (3/3). Tumors that had pseudorosettes and mimicked ependymoma included oligodendroglioma, choroid plexus tumor, pituitary corticotroph adenoma, papillary meningioma, and suprasellar germ cell tumor. These findings indicate that canine ependymoma is an extremely rare neoplasm with histomorphologic features that overlap with other primary CNS neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer W Koehler
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Taryn A Donovan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The Animal Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Brian F Porter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
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Bentley RT. Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of brain tumors in dogs. Vet J 2015; 205:204-16. [PMID: 25792181 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A great deal of information is now available regarding the range of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of many primary and secondary brain tumors from dogs. In this review, these canine neoplasms are grouped into meningeal masses, ventricular masses, intra-axial enhancing lesions, intra-axial mildly to non-enhancing lesions, and multifocal lesions. For each of these patterns, the major and sporadic neoplastic differential diagnoses are provided, and guidance on how to rank differential diagnoses for each individual patient is presented. The implication of MRI features such as contrast-enhancement, signal intensities and location is discussed. However, the information garnered from MRI must be correlated with all available clinical information and with epidemiological data before creating a differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Timothy Bentley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026, USA.
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Johnson GC, Coates JR, Wininger F. Diagnostic immunohistochemistry of canine and feline intracalvarial tumors in the age of brain biopsies. Vet Pathol 2013; 51:146-60. [PMID: 24280940 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813509387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The focus of immunohistochemistry as applied to nervous system tumors is in identifying the neoplasm present and evaluating margins between normal and neoplastic tissue. Although not always utilized by specialists in neuropathology, immunohistochemistry remains useful to resolve concerns about the differentiation and rate of tumor growth. The aims of this review are to discuss the utility of immunohistochemical reagents currently used in diagnosis of canine and feline intracalvarial tumors, to indicate the applicability of some tests currently used in human nervous system tumors for domestic species, and to evaluate a few less commonly used reagents. A panel of biomarkers is usually needed to confirm a diagnosis, with groups of reagents for leptomeningeal, intraparenchymal, and ventricular neoplasms. In the future, signature genetic alterations found among feline and canine brain tumors--as correlated prospectively with diagnosis, rate of enlargement, or response to treatment--may result in new immunohistochemical reagents to simplify the task of diagnosis. Prospective studies determining the type and proportion of stem cell marker expression on patient longevity are likely to be fruitful and suggest new therapies. Due to increased frequency of biopsy or partial resection of tumors from the living patient, biomarkers are needed to serve as accurate prognostic indicators and assist in determining the efficacy of developing therapeutic options in nervous system tumors of dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia MO 65211, USA.
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