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Ma D, Ma L, Zhao Y, Li Y, Ye W, Li X. The LRG-TGF-β-Alk-1/TGFßRII-Smads as Predictive Biomarkers of Chronic Hydrocephalus after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2023. [PMID: 37604195 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hydrocephalus is a common complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH); however, the risk factors and the mechanisms underlying its occurrence have yet to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers that could be used to predict chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH and to investigate the relationships. METHODS We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 19 patients with chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH and 44 controls without hydrocephalus after aSAH. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Smad1, Smad4, Smad5, Smad8, activin receptor-like kinase 1 (Alk-1), activin receptor-like kinase 5 (Alk-5), P38, and TGF-β type II receptor (TGFßRII) in CSF samples. RESULTS In the CSF of patients with chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH, the levels of LRG, TGF-β, Alk-1, Smad5, and TGFßRII were significantly increased (p < 0.05) and the levels of Smad1, Smad4, and Smad8 were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning the levels of P38 and Alk-5 (p > 0.05). The analysis also identified significant correlations between specific biomarkers: LRG and Smad1, LRG and Smad5, TGF-β and Alk-1, and Alk-1 and Smad4 (p < 0.05); the Pearson's correlation coefficients for these relationships were -0.341, 0.257, 0.256, and -0.424, respectively. CONCLUSION The levels of LRG, TGF-β, Alk-1, TGFßRII, Smad1/5/8, and Smad4 in the CSF are potentially helpful as predictive biomarkers of chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH. Moreover, the LRG-TGF-β-Alk-1/TGFßRII-Smad1/5/8-Smad4 signaling pathway is highly likely to be involved in the pathogenic process of chronic hydrocephalus after aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Luyao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongli Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Maher RE, Määttä M, Beynon RJ, Laurila HP, McNamara PS, Rajamäki MM. Quantitative proteomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in West Highland white terriers with canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:121. [PMID: 35354473 PMCID: PMC8966175 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CIPF) is a chronic, progressive, interstitial fibrosing lung disease, manifesting as cough, exercise intolerance and ultimately, dyspnea and respiratory failure. It mainly affects West Highland white terriers (WHWTs), lacks curable treatment and has a poor prognosis. Aspiration of gastroesophageal refluxate may play a role in the development of CIPF. In the first part of this study, we completed label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from CIPF and healthy WHWTs. In the second part, we evaluated potential protein markers of reflux aspiration from canine gastric juice and vomitus and whether these were present in BALF from the two groups. Results Across all BALF samples, 417 proteins were identified, and of these, 265 proteins were identified by two or more unique tryptic peptides. Using the 265 high confidence assignments, the quantitative proteome profiles were very similar in the two cohorts, but they could be readily resolved by principal component analysis on the basis of differential protein expression. Of the proteins that were differentially abundant in the two groups, several (including inflammatory and fibrotic markers) were elevated in CIPF, and a smaller, more diverse group of proteins were diminished in CIPF. No protein markers indicative of reflux aspiration were identified. Conclusions Label-free proteomics allowed discrimination between CIPF and healthy WHWTs, consistent with fibrotic process but did not provide clear evidence for gastrointestinal aspiration. The measurement of proteins may provide a proteomics signature of CIPF that could be used to evaluate treatment options. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03202-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary E Maher
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Systems and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Merita Määttä
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Robert J Beynon
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Systems and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Henna P Laurila
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul S McNamara
- Department of Child Health (University of Liverpool), Institute in the Park, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Eaton Rd, L12 2AP, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Minna M Rajamäki
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Määttä M, Laurila HP, Holopainen S, Aaltonen K, Lilja‐Maula L, Viitanen S, Rajamäki MM. Matrix metalloproteinase-2, -7, and -9 activities in dogs with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis compared to healthy dogs and dogs with other respiratory diseases. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:462-471. [PMID: 33274549 PMCID: PMC7848316 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CIPF) is a chronic, interstitial lung disease that mainly affects West Highland white terriers (WHWTs) and is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the lung. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) participate in remodeling of ECM. OBJECTIVES To compare metalloproteinase-2, -7 and -9 activities in blood or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples or both of CIPF WHWTs with healthy WHWTs, healthy dogs of other breeds, and dogs with other lung diseases and determine if these MMPs could be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers for CIPF. ANIMALS Forty-four CIPF WHWTs, 24 dogs with chronic bronchitis (CB), 17 with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP), 10 with bacterial pneumonia, 39 healthy WHWTs, and 35 healthy dogs of other breeds. METHODS Cross-sectional observational study. Pro-MMP and active MMP activities were analyzed by zymography. RESULTS In serum, significantly higher (P < .01) pro-MMP-7 activities were observed in CIPF WHWTs compared to healthy dogs of other breeds, dogs with CB and dogs with EBP. In BALF of CIPF WHWTs, both pro-MMP-9 and pro-MMP-2 activities were significantly higher (P < .01) compared to healthy WHWTs, but these differences were not detected in plasma. The CIPF WHWTs had significantly higher (P < .05) activities of pro-MMP-9 compared to dogs with CB and of pro-MMP-2 compared to dogs with CB and EBP. No statistically significant prognostic factors were observed in CIPF WHWTs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Serum MMP-7 and BALF MMP-2 and -9 potentially may be useful diagnostic markers but not prognostic markers for CIPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merita Määttä
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Equine and Small Animal MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Henna P. Laurila
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Equine and Small Animal MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Saila Holopainen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Equine and Small Animal MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Kaisa Aaltonen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Equine and Small Animal MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Liisa Lilja‐Maula
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Equine and Small Animal MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Sanna Viitanen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Equine and Small Animal MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Minna M. Rajamäki
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Equine and Small Animal MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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4
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Laurila HP, Rajamäki MM. Update on Canine Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in West Highland White Terriers. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2019; 50:431-446. [PMID: 31866093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CIPF) is a chronic, progressive, interstitial lung disease (ILD) affecting older West Highland white terriers (WHWTs). According to one classification, CIPF is a familial fibrotic ILD in the group of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Etiology is unknown but likely arises from interplay between genetic and environmental factors. CIPF shares features with human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and human nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. This article describes clinical signs, findings in physical examination, arterial oxygenation, diagnostic imaging, bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage, histopathology, disease course, and outcome of WHWTs with CIPF; compares canine and human diseases; summarizes biomarker research; and gives an overview of potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna P Laurila
- Discipline of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 57 (Viikintie 49), Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Minna M Rajamäki
- Discipline of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 57 (Viikintie 49), Helsinki 00014, Finland
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Roels E, Bauer N, Lecut C, Moritz A, Gothot A, Clercx C. Haemostatic, fibrinolytic and inflammatory profiles in West Highland white terriers with canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and controls. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:379. [PMID: 31664993 PMCID: PMC6819526 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CIPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease mainly affecting old West Highland white terriers (WHWTs). The aetiology of CIPF is currently unknown and pathogenesis poorly understood. A genetic basis is strongly suspected based on the breed predisposition. CIPF shares clinical and pathological features with human IPF. In human IPF, coagulation disorders favouring a local and systemic pro-thrombotic state have been demonstrated in association with disease severity and outcome. The aim of this study was to compare the systemic haemostatic, fibrinolytic and inflammatory profiles of WHWTs affected with CIPF with breed-matched controls (CTRLs). Additionally, data collected in both groups were interpreted with regard to the reference intervals (when available) to assess possible pro-thrombotic features of the WHWT breed that may be related to CIPF predisposition. A total of 14 WHWTs affected with CIPF and 20 CTRLs were included. RESULTS WHWTs affected with CIPF had prolonged activated partial thromboplastine time in comparison with CTRLs (12.2 ± 0.9 s vs. 11.5 ± 0.7 s, P = 0.028), whereas results obtained in both groups were all within reference ranges. There was no significant difference between groups for the other factors assessed including plasmatic concentrations of fibrinogen, D-dimers concentration, antithrombin III activity, protein S and protein C activities, anti-factor Xa activity, activated protein C ratio, serum C-reactive protein concentration, and rotational thromboelastometry indices. Platelet count and plasmatic fibrinogen concentration were found to be above the upper limit of the reference range in almost half of the WHWTs included, independently of the disease status. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study provide no clear evidence of an altered systemic haemostatic, fibrinolytic or inflammatory state in WHWTs affected with CIPF compared with CTRLs. The higher platelet counts and fibrinogen concentrations found in the WHWT breed may serve as predisposing factors for CIPF or simply reflect biological variation in this breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Roels
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, FARAH, University of Liege, Avenue de Cureghem 3, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Natali Bauer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathophysiology and Clinical Pathology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurterstraße 126, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christelle Lecut
- Department of Haematobiology and Immunohematology, University Hospital of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 13, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathophysiology and Clinical Pathology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurterstraße 126, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - André Gothot
- Department of Haematobiology and Immunohematology, University Hospital of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 13, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cécile Clercx
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, FARAH, University of Liege, Avenue de Cureghem 3, 4000, Liège, Belgium
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Barnes T, Brown KK, Corcoran B, Glassberg MK, Kervitsky DJ, Limper AH, McGuire K, Williams K, Roman J. Research in Pulmonary Fibrosis Across Species: Unleashing Discovery Through Comparative Biology. Am J Med Sci 2019; 357:399-404. [PMID: 30879739 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Barnes
- Independent Research and Patient Advocacy, Westie Foundation of America Board of Directors, formerly with the Coalition for Pulmonary Fibrosis, Culver City, California
| | | | - Brendan Corcoran
- The Royal School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Kurt Williams
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jesse Roman
- Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Clercx C, Fastrès A, Roels E. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in West Highland white terriers: An update. Vet J 2018; 242:53-58. [PMID: 30503545 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CIPF) affects middle-aged to older dogs of a single breed, mainly the West Highland white terrier (WHWT), which is suggestive of a genetic predisposition. CIPF causes exercise intolerance, restrictive dyspnoea and coughing. Coarse crackles are heard on thoracic auscultation. Abnormal blood gas parameters and a shortened '6-min-walking test' distance are common; secondarily induced pulmonary hypertension and/or airway collapse are frequent. These features of CIPF mimic those of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in humans and therefore identify CIPF as a possible spontaneously arising model for study of human IPF. However, computed tomographic and histopathological findings of CIPF are not identical to those of human IPF. As in human IPF, the aetiology of CIPF is not yet fully elucidated. There are no curative treatments and the prognosis is poor. This paper reviews advances in understanding of the clinical description and natural history of CIPF, the investigation of biomarkers and the exploration of possible aetiologies and mechanistic hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Clercx
- Department of Clinical Sciences, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Aline Fastrès
- Department of Clinical Sciences, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Elodie Roels
- Department of Clinical Sciences, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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8
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Li W, Liu X, Muhammad S, Shi J, Meng Y, Wang J. Computational investigation of TGF-β receptor inhibitors for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Field-based QSAR model and molecular dynamics simulation. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 76:139-150. [PMID: 30015175 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of drugs relevant to transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptor inhibitors have been considered as a considerable challenge during therapy idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis diseases. For the first time, herein we illustrate a field-based quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for novel 7-substituted-pyrazolo [4, 3-b] pyridine derivatives with biological activity for the TGF-β receptor, with an attempt of elucidating the 3D structural features that are essential for the activity. Results demonstrate that the field-based model (Q2 = 0.548, R2training = 0.840, R2test = 0.750) are acceptable with good predictive capabilities. In addition, MD studies were also carried out on the training set with the aim of exploring their binding modes in the active pocket of TGF-β receptor, resulting in some of the crucial structural fragments which are responsible for inhibitory activity. Therefore, we summarized the following features required for TGF-β receptor inhibition: electronegative in region1, bulky groups in region2 and smaller groups in region3. Based on the model and related information, we hope the above information provides an important insight for understanding the interactions of the inhibitors and TGF-β receptor, which may be useful in discovering novel potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Suleiman Muhammad
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - JiYue Shi
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - YanQiu Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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9
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Thierry F, Handel I, Hammond G, King LG, Corcoran BM, Schwarz T. Further characterization of computed tomographic and clinical features for staging and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in West Highland white terriers. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017; 58:381-388. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Thierry
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - Ian Handel
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - Gawain Hammond
- School of Veterinary Medicine; College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow; Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH UK
| | - Lesley G. King
- Department of Clinical Studies; University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine; Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Brendan M. Corcoran
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - Tobias Schwarz
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
- Department of Clinical Studies; University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine; Philadelphia PA 19104
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Williams K, Roman J. Studying human respiratory disease in animals--role of induced and naturally occurring models. J Pathol 2016; 238:220-32. [PMID: 26467890 DOI: 10.1002/path.4658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory disorders like asthma, emphysema, and pulmonary fibrosis affect millions of Americans and many more worldwide. Despite advancements in medical research that have led to improved understanding of the pathophysiology of these conditions and sometimes to new therapeutic interventions, these disorders are for the most part chronic and progressive; current interventions are not curative and do not halt disease progression. A major obstacle to further advancements relates to the absence of animal models that exactly resemble the human condition, which delays the elucidation of relevant mechanisms of action, the unveiling of biomarkers of disease progression, and identification of new targets for intervention in patients. There are currently many induced animal models of human respiratory disease available for study, and even though they mimic features of human disease, discoveries in these models have not always translated into safe and effective treatments in humans. A major obstacle relates to the genetic, anatomical, and functional variations amongst species, which represents the major challenge to overcome when searching for appropriate models of respiratory disease. Nevertheless, rodents, in particular mice, have become the most common species used for experimentation, due to their relatively low cost, size, and adequate understanding of murine genetics, among other advantages. Less well known is the fact that domestic animals also suffer from respiratory illnesses similar to those found in humans. Asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, and pulmonary fibrosis are among the many disorders occurring naturally in dogs, cats, and horses, among other species. These models might better resemble the human condition and are emphasized here, but further investigations are needed to determine their relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Williams
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jesse Roman
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center and Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Chu C, Deng J, Liu L, Cao Y, Wei X, Li J, Man Y. Nanoparticles combined with growth factors: recent progress and applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13636b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention has been focused on the applications of nanoparticles combined with growth factors (NPs/GFs) due to the substantial functions of GFs in regenerative medicine and disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Jia Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Laboratory for Aging Research
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yubin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Laboratory for Aging Research
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Jidong Li
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Man
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
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Yan H, Chen Y, Li L, Jiang J, Wu G, Zuo Y, Zhang JH, Feng H, Yan X, Liu F. Decorin alleviated chronic hydrocephalus via inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad/CTGF pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Brain Res 2015; 1630:241-53. [PMID: 26556770 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hydrocephalus is one of the severe complications after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, there is no efficient treatment for the prevention of chronic hydrocephalus, partially due to poor understanding of underlying pathogenesis, subarachnoid fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) is a potent fibrogenic factor implicated in wide range of fibrotic diseases. To investigate whether decorin, a natural antagonist for TGF-β1, protects against subarachnoid fibrosis and chronic hydrocephalus after SAH, two-hemorrhage-injection SAH model was conducted in 6-week-old rats. Recombinant human decorin(rhDecorin) (30ug/2ul) was administered before blood injection and on the 10th day after SAH. TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), collagen I and pro-collagen I c-terminal propeptide were assessed via western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, radioimmunoassay and immunofluorescence. And neurobehavioral tests and Morris water maze were employed to evaluate long-term neurological functions after SAH. We found that SAH induced heightened activation of TGF-β1/Smad/CTGF axis, presenting as a two peak response of TGF-β1 in cerebrospinal fluid, elevation of TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3, CTGF, collagen I in brain parenchyma and pro-collagen I c-terminal propeptide in cerebrospinal fluid, and increased lateral ventricle index. rhDecorin treatment effectively inhibited up-regulation of TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3, CTGF, collagen I and pro-collagen I c-terminal propeptide after SAH. Moreover, rhDecorin treatment significantly reduced lateral ventricular index and incidence of chronic hydrocephalus after SAH. Importantly, rhDecorin improved neurocognitive deficits after SAH. In conclusion, rhDecorin suppresses extracellular matrix accumulation and following subarachnoid fibrosis via inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad/CTGF pathway, preventing development of hydrocephalus and attenuating long-term neurocognitive defects after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingyong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaode Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangyong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuchun Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Warsinske HC, Ashley SL, Linderman JJ, Moore BB, Kirschner DE. Identifying Mechanisms of Homeostatic Signaling in Fibroblast Differentiation. Bull Math Biol 2015; 77:1556-82. [PMID: 26384829 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-015-0096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts play an important role in the wound-healing process by generating extracellular matrix (ECM) and undergoing differentiation into myofibroblasts, but these cells can also be involved in pathologic remodeling of tissue. Nascent ECM provides a substrate for re-epithelialization to occur, restoring damaged tissue to a functional state. Dysregulation of this process can result in fibrosis--stiffening and scarring of the tissue. Current treatments cannot halt or reverse this process. The molecular mechanisms underlying fibrotic dysregulation are poorly understood, providing an untapped pool of potential therapeutic targets. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and adhesion signaling are involved in inducing fibroblast differentiation into α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expressing myofibroblasts, while prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) has been shown to antagonize TGF-β signaling; however, the temporal and mechanistic details of this relationship have not yet been fully characterized. We measured αSMA, a marker of fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation, as a function of: TGF-β1 receptor-ligand complex internalization, PGE₂ binding, and adhesion signaling and developed a mathematical model capturing the molecular mechanisms of fibroblast differentiation. Using our model, we predict the following: Periodic dosing with PGE₂ temporarily renders fibroblasts incapable of differentiation and refractory to additional TGF-β1 stimulation; conversely, periodic dosing with TGF-β1 in the presence of PGE₂ induces a reduced signal response that can be further inhibited by the addition of more PGE₂. Controlled fibroblast differentiation is necessary for effective wound healing; however, excessive accumulation of αSMA-expressing myofibroblasts can result in fibrosis. Homeostasis of αSMA in our model requires a balance of positive and negative regulatory signals. Sensitivity analysis predicts that PGE₂ availability, TGF-β1 availability, and the rate of TGF-β1 receptor recycling each highly influence the rates of αSMA production. With this model, we are able to demonstrate that regulation of both TGF-β1 and PGE₂ signaling levels is essential for preventing fibroblast dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley C Warsinske
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shanna L Ashley
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Denise E Kirschner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Lilja-Maula L, Syrjä P, Laurila H, Sutinen E, Palviainen M, Ritvos O, Koli K, Rajamäki M, Myllärniemi M. Upregulation of Alveolar Levels of Activin B, but not Activin A, in Lungs of West Highland White Terriers with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Diffuse Alveolar Damage. J Comp Pathol 2015; 152:192-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Krafft E, Lybaert P, Roels E, Laurila HP, Rajamäki MM, Farnir F, Myllärniemi M, Day MJ, Mc Entee K, Clercx C. Transforming growth factor beta 1 activation, storage, and signaling pathways in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:1666-75. [PMID: 25331544 PMCID: PMC4895628 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in dogs is poorly understood. In human, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is considered central in the pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES To investigate TGF-β1 pathway in IPF. ANIMALS Lung tissues from 12 affected and 11 control dogs. Serum from 16 affected West Highland white Terriers (WHWTs) and healthy dogs from predisposed (13 WHWTs, 12 Scottish Terriers and 13 Bichons Frise) and nonpredisposed breeds (10 Whippets, 10 Belgian shepherds, 8 Labradors). METHODS In this prospective study, immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate expression and localization of TGF-β1 protein and proteins involved in TGF-β1 signaling (TGF-β receptor type I and phospho-Smad2/3). Pulmonary expression of TGF-β1 and molecules involved in its storage (latent TGF-β binding proteins [LTBP] 1, 2, and 4), activation (ανβ6 and ανβ8 integrins, thrombospondin-1) and signal inhibition (Smad 7) was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Circulating TGF-β1 concentration was measured by ELISA. RESULTS In IPF, high level of TGF-β1 protein was found in areas of fibrosis, epithelial cells had strong expression of TGF-β receptor type 1 and phospho-Smad2/3, gene expression was decreased for LTBP 4 (P = .009) and β8 integrin (P < .001) and increased for thrombospondin-1 (P = .016); no difference was seen for Smad7, LTBP1 and 2. Serum TGF-β1 concentration was higher in predisposed compared with nonpredisposed breeds (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This study identified an enhanced TGF-β1 signaling activity in IPF. TGF-β1 storage and activation proteins with altered expression represent potential therapeutic targets. Higher circulating TGF-β1 concentration in predisposed breeds might partly explain their susceptibility for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Krafft
- Division of Companion Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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