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Aoun M, Carter AH, Ward BP, Morris CF. Genome-wide association mapping of the 'super-soft' kernel texture in white winter wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:2547-2559. [PMID: 34052883 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The novel super-soft kernel phenotype has the potential to improve wheat processing and flour quality. We identified genomic regions associated with this kernel texture in white winter wheat. Grain hardness is a key determinant of wheat milling and baking quality. The recently discovered 'super-soft' kernel phenotype has the potential to improve wheat processing and flour quality. However, the genetic basis underlying the super-soft trait in wheat is not yet well understood. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic and genotypic structure of the super-soft trait in a collection of 172 advanced soft white winter wheat breeding lines and cultivars adapted to the Pacific Northwest region of the USA. This collection had a continuous distribution for grain hardness index (single-kernel characterization system). Ten super-soft genotypes showed hardness index ≤ 12 including the cultivar Jasper. Over 98,000 SNP markers from genotyping-by-sequencing were used for association mapping (GWAS). The GWAS identified 20 significant markers associated with grain hardness. These significant SNPs corresponded to seven QTL on chromosomes 2B, 3A, 3B, 5A, 6B,7A, and one unaligned chromosome. Two of these QTL, QSKhard.wql-3A and QSKhard.wql-5A, had large effects and distinguished between the normal soft and the super-soft classes. QSKhard.wql-3A and QSKhard.wql-5A reduced the hardness index by 11.7 and 13.1 on average, respectively. The remaining QTL had small effects and reduced grain hardness within the normal soft range. QSKhard.wql-2B, QSKhard.wql-3A, QSKhard.wql-3B, and QSKhard.wql-6B were not previously reported to be in genomic regions of grain hardness-related genes/QTL. The identified super-soft genotypes as well as the SNPs associated with lower grain hardness will be useful to assist breeding for this grain texture trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Aoun
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Arron H Carter
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Brian P Ward
- USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Campus, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Craig F Morris
- USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, E-202 Food Quality Building, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6394, USA.
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2
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Kiszonas AM, Ibba MI, Boehm JD, Morris CF. Effects of
Glu‐D1
gene introgressions on soft white spring durum wheat (
Triticum turgidum
ssp.
durum
) quality. Cereal Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alecia M. Kiszonas
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Washington State University Pullman WA USA
- USDA‐ARS Western Wheat & Pulse Quality Laboratory Washington State University Pullman WA USA
| | - Maria Itria Ibba
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Texcoco Mexico
| | | | - Craig F. Morris
- USDA‐ARS Western Wheat & Pulse Quality Laboratory Washington State University Pullman WA USA
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3
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Rai SK, Pathak RK, Singh DB, Bhatt A, Baunthiyal M. Chemo-informatics guided study of natural inhibitors targeting rho GTPase: a lead for treatment of glaucoma. In Silico Pharmacol 2021; 9:4. [PMID: 33442531 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-020-00061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, the most perilous disease leading to blindness is a result of optical neuropathy. Accumulation of aqueous humor in the posterior chamber due to a large difference in the rate of formation and its drainage in the anterior chamber causes an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) leading to damage of nerve cells. A literature survey has revealed that inhibition of the Rho guanosine triphosphatases (rho GTPase) pathway by specific inhibitors leads to the relaxation of contractile cells involved in the aqueous outflow pathway. Relaxation of the strained contractile cells results in increased outflow thereby releasing IOP. In the present study molecular docking has been used to screen twenty seven bioactive (17 natural compounds and 10 conventional drugs) compounds that may play a significant role in relaxing contractile cells by inhibiting rho-GTPase protein. Docking results showed that among all-natural bioactive compounds Cyanidin and Delphinidine have a good binding affinity (- 8.4 kcal/mol) than the top screened conventional drug molecule Mitomycin, (- 6.3 kcal/mol) when docked with rho-GTPase protein. Cyanidin and Delphinidin belong to anthocyanidin, a glycoside form of anthocyanins from Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Punica granatum. The resembling potential of Cyanidin and Delphinidin concerning the drug Mitomycin was confirmed through simulation analysis. Molecular dynamics study (MDS) for 100 ns, showed that the rho GTPase-Delphinidine complex structure was energetically more stable than rho GTPase-Cyaniding complex in comparison to rho GTPase-Mitomycin complex. The comparative study of both the selected hits (Cyanidin and Delphinidin) was assessed by RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, H-bond, PCA MM/PBSA analysis. The analysis revealed that Delphinidine is more potent to inhibit the rho GTPase as compare to Cyaniding and available conventional drugs in terms of stability and binding free energy. Based on the results, these molecules have good pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties and will prove to be a promising lead compound as a future drug for Glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246194 India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Pathak
- Department of Biotechnology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246194 India
| | - Dev Bukhsh Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, 208024 India
| | - Arun Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246194 India
| | - Mamta Baunthiyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246194 India
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4
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Morris CF, Luna J, Caffe-Treml M. The Vromindolines of cv. Hayden oat (Avena sativa L.) – A review of the Poeae and Triticeae indolines and a suggested system for harmonization of nomenclature. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.103135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Takumi S, Mitta S, Komura S, Ikeda TM, Matsunaka H, Sato K, Yoshida K, Murai K. Introgression of chromosomal segments conferring early heading date from wheat diploid progenitor, Aegilops tauschii Coss., into Japanese elite wheat cultivars. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228397. [PMID: 31986184 PMCID: PMC6984701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The breeding of agriculturally useful genes from wild crop relatives must take into account recent and future climate change. In Japan, the development of early heading wheat cultivars without the use of any major gene controlling the heading date is desired to avoid overlap of the harvesting time before the rainy season. Here, we backcrossed two early heading lines of a synthetic hexaploid wheat, derived from a crossing between durum wheat and the wild wheat progenitor Aegilops tauschii, with four Japanese elite cultivars to develop early heading lines of bread wheat. In total, nine early heading lines that showed a heading date two to eight days earlier than their parental cultivars in field conditions were selected and established from the selfed progenies of the two- or three-times backcrossed populations. The whole appearance and spike shape of the selected early heading lines looked like their parental wheat cultivars. The mature grains of the selected lines had the parental cultivars’ characteristics, although the grains exhibited longer and narrower shapes. RNA sequencing-based genotyping was performed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms between the selected lines and their parental wheat cultivars, which revealed the chromosomal regions transmitted from the parental synthetic wheat to the selected lines. The introgression regions could shorten wheat heading date, and their chromosomal positions were dependent on the backcrossed wheat cultivars. Therefore, early heading synthetic hexaploid wheat is useful for fine-tuning of the heading date through introgression of Ae. tauschii chromosomal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Takumi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail: (ST); (KM)
| | - Seito Mitta
- Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji, Yoshida, Fukui, Japan
| | - Shoya Komura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tatsuya M. Ikeda
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Matsunaka
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Chikugo, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sato
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshida
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koji Murai
- Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji, Yoshida, Fukui, Japan
- * E-mail: (ST); (KM)
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Maryami Z, Azimi MR, Guzman C, Dreisigacker S, Najafian G. Puroindoline ( Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1) and waxy ( Wx-1) genes in Iranian bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) landraces. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1814866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Maryami
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Azimi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Carlos Guzman
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sussane Dreisigacker
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT), Mexico D.F, Mexico
| | - Godarz Najafian
- Cereal Chemistry and Technology Unit, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
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7
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The antimicrobial properties of the puroindolines, a review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:86. [PMID: 31134452 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial proteins, and especially antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) hold great promise in the control of animal and plant diseases with low risk of pathogen resistance. The two puroindolines, a and b, from wheat control endosperm softness of the wheat caryopsis (grain), but have also been shown to inhibit the growth and kill various bacteria and fungi, while showing little toxicity to erythrocytes. Puroindolines are small (~ 13 kDa) amphipathic proteins with a characteristic tryptophan-rich domain (TRD) that is part of an 18 or 19 amino acid residue loop subtended by a disulfide bond. This review presents a brief history of the puroindolines, their physical-chemical characteristics, their interaction with lipids and membranes, and their activity as antimicrobial proteins and AMPs. In this latter context, the use of the TRDs of puroindoline a and b in puroindoline AMP function is reviewed. The activity of puroindoline a and b and their AMPs appear to act through similar but somewhat different modes, which may involve membrane binding, membrane disruption and ion channel formation, and intra-cellular nucleic acid binding and metabolic disruption. Natural and synthetic mutants have identified key elements of the puroindolines for antimicrobial activity.
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8
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Genetic analysis of a unique ‘super soft’ kernel texture phenotype in soft white spring wheat. J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Boehm JD, Ibba MI, Kiszonas AM, See DR, Skinner DZ, Morris CF. Genetic analysis of kernel texture (grain hardness) in a hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) bi-parental population. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Ma X, Sajjad M, Wang J, Yang W, Sun J, Li X, Zhang A, Liu D. Diversity, distribution of Puroindoline genes and their effect on kernel hardness in a diverse panel of Chinese wheat germplasm. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:158. [PMID: 28931378 PMCID: PMC5607584 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kernel hardness, which has great influence on the end-use properties of common wheat, is mainly controlled by Puroindoline genes, Pina and Pinb. Using EcoTILLING platform, we herein investigated the allelic variations of Pina and Pinb genes and their association with the Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) hardness index in a diverse panel of wheat germplasm. RESULTS The kernel hardness varied from 1.4 to 102.7, displaying a wide range of hardness index. In total, six Pina and nine Pinb alleles resulting in 15 genotypes were detected in 1787 accessions. The most common alleles are the wild type Pina-D1a (90.4%) and Pina-D1b (7.4%) for Pina, and Pinb-D1b (43.6%), Pinb-D1a (41.1%) and Pinb-D1p (12.8%) for Pinb. All the genotypes have hard type kernel hardness of SKCS index (>60.0), except the wild types of Pina and Pinb combination (Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a). The most frequent genotypes in Chinese and foreign cultivars was Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b (46.3 and 39.0%, respectively) and in Chinese landraces was Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a (54.2%). The frequencies of hard type accessions are increasing from 35.5% in the region IV, to 40.6 and 61.4% in the regions III and II, and then to 77.0% in the region I, while those of soft type are accordingly decreasing along with the increase of latitude. Varieties released after 2000 in Beijing, Hebei, Shandong and Henan have higher average kernel hardness index than that released before 2000. CONCLUSION The kernel hardness in a diverse panel of Chinese wheat germplasm revealed an increasing of kernel hardness generally along with the latitude across China. The wild type Pina-D1a and Pinb-D1a, and one Pinb mutant (Pinb-D1b) are the most common alleles of six Pina and nine Pinb alleles, and a new double null genotype (Pina-D1x/Pinb-D1ah) possessed relatively high SKCS hardness index. More hard type varieties were released in recent years with different prevalence of Pin-D1 combinations in different regions. This work would benefit the understanding of the selection and molecular processes of kernel hardness across China and different breeding stages, and provide useful information for the improvement of wheat quality in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100 Pakistan
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
- The Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Jiazhu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Aimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
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11
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Martin JM, Hogg AC, Webster RW, Giroux MJ. Creation and Characterization of a Double Null Puroindoline Genotype in Spring Wheat. Cereal Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-04-17-0071-rw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Martin
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, U.S.A
| | - Andrew C. Hogg
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, U.S.A
| | - Richard W. Webster
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, U.S.A
| | - Michael J. Giroux
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, U.S.A
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12
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Li W, Guo H, Wang Y, Xie Y, Zhao L, Gu J, Zhao S, Zhao B, Wang G, Liu L. Identification of novel alleles induced by EMS-mutagenesis in key genes of kernel hardness and starch biosynthesis in wheat by TILLING. Genes Genomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-016-0504-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Genetic diversity and molecular characterization of puroindoline genes ( Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1 ) in bread wheat landraces from Andalusia (Southern Spain). J Cereal Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Ali I, Sardar Z, Rasheed A, Mahmood T. Molecular characterization of the puroindoline-a and b alleles in synthetic hexaploid wheats and in silico functional and structural insights into Pina-D1. J Theor Biol 2015; 376:1-7. [PMID: 25865523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Kernel hardness determined by two tightly linked Puroindoline genes, Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1, located on chromosome 5DS define commercially important characteristics, uses, major grades and export markets of wheat. This study was conducted to characterize Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1 alleles, in fifteen synthetic hexaploid wheats (SHWs) and its relation with grain hardness. Additionally, in silico functional analyses of puroindoline-a protein was conducted for better understanding of their putative importance in grain quality. Six different Pina-D1 alleles were identified in the SHWs, of which three i.e. Pina-D1a, Pina-D1c and Pina-D1d were already known whereas the other three had new sequence polymorphisms and were designated as Pina-D1w, Pina-D1x and Pina-D1y. Three different Pinb-D1 alleles were identified which have been reported earlier and no novel sequence polymorphism was detected. It was concluded that despite some primary, secondary and 3D structure variations, ligand binding sites and disulfide bonds discrepancies, the main features of PINA, i.e. the tryptophan-rich domain, the cysteine backbone, the signal peptide and basic identity of the proteins were all conserved. In silico analysis showed that puroindolines having binding capacity with small parts of prolamins causing celiac disease of human, however their potential role is not obvious. Conclusively, the new Pina-D1 alleles with modest effect on grain hardness, and insight into their functional and structural characteristics are important findings and their putative role in celiac disease require further studies to validate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Sardar
- Department of Botany, Government Jahanzeb Postgraduate College Saidu Sharif, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Awais Rasheed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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15
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Oury FX, Lasme P, Michelet C, Rousset M, Abecassis J, Lullien-Pellerin V. Relationships between wheat grain physical characteristics studied through near-isogenic lines with distinct puroindoline-b allele. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2015; 128:913-929. [PMID: 25716819 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Genetic (different forms of puroindoline-b) and environment (through variations in vitreousness), have important effects on wheat grain mechanical properties. The two methods of hardness measurements (NIRS, SKCS) do not give the same information. Bread wheat near-isogenic lines differing in hardness, due to distinct puroindoline-b alleles (the wild type, Pinb-D1a, or the mutated forms, Pinb-D1b or Pinb-D1d), were grown for three years in seven sites and under two nitrogen fertilization levels, to study genetic and environmental effects on grain mechanical properties. Two methods, Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) and Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS), currently used for grain hardness characterization, were carried out. Grain vitreousness, which is known to affect the grain mechanical behavior but is generally not studied, was also measured, as well as three other characters (Thousand Grain Weight, Test Weight and protein content). The relationships between the different characters were studied. Results revealed a clear effect of the different Pinb-D1 alleles on NIRS hardness, and a marked impact of the environmental conditions on vitreousness. SKCS hardness was influenced by both Pinb-D1 alleles and environmental conditions. The relationship between SKCS and NIRS hardness was strong when considering together soft and hard genotypes, but moderate within a class of genetical hardness. Vitreousness had only a weak effect on NIRS hardness, whereas vitreousness and SKCS values were strongly correlated, with two distinct regressions for soft and hard genotypes. Vitreousness was positively related to protein content, especially in the case of hard genotypes, which were able to reach high vitreousness values never observed for soft genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Oury
- INRA, UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 234 avenue du Brézet, 63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France,
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16
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Morris CF, Geng H, Beecher BS, Ma D. A review of the occurrence of Grain softness protein-1 genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 83:507-21. [PMID: 23904183 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Grain softness protein-1 (Gsp-1) is a small, 495-bp intronless gene found throughout the Triticeae tribe at the distal end of group 5 chromosomes. With the Puroindolines, it constitutes a key component of the Hardness locus. Gsp-1 likely plays little role in grain hardness, but has direct interest due to its utility in phylogeny and its role in arabinogalactan peptides. Further role(s) remain to be identified. In the polyploid wheats, Triticum aestivum and T. turgidum, the gene is present in a homoeologous series. Since its discovery, there have been conflicting reports and data as to the number of Gsp-1 genes and the level of sequence polymorphism. Little is known about allelic variation within a species. In the simplest model, a single Gsp-1 gene is present in each wheat and Aegilops tauschii genome. The present review critically re-examines the published and some unpublished data (sequence available in the NCBI nucleotide and MIPS Wheat Genome Databases). A number of testable hypotheses are identified, and include the level of polymorphism that may represent (and define) different Gsp-1 alleles, the existence of a fourth Gsp-1 gene, and the apparent, at times, high level of naturally-occurring or artifactual gene chimeras. In summary, the present data provide firm evidence for at most, three Gsp-1 genes in wheat, although there are numerous data that suggest a more complex model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig F Morris
- USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, E-202 Food Quality Bldg., Washington State University, P.O. Box 646394, Pullman, WA, 99164-6394, USA,
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17
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Morris CF, Fuerst EP, Beecher BS, McLean DJ, James CP, Geng HW. Did the house mouse (Mus musculus L.) shape the evolutionary trajectory of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)? Ecol Evol 2013; 3:3447-54. [PMID: 24223281 PMCID: PMC3797490 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most successful domesticated plant species in the world. The majority of wheat carries mutations in the Puroindoline genes that result in a hard kernel phenotype. An evolutionary explanation, or selective advantage, for the spread and persistence of these hard kernel mutations has yet to be established. Here, we demonstrate that the house mouse (Mus musculus L.) exerts a pronounced feeding preference for soft over hard kernels. When allele frequencies ranged from 0.5 to 0.009, mouse predation increased the hard allele frequency as much as 10-fold. Studies involving a single hard kernel mixed with ∼1000 soft kernels failed to recover the mutant kernel. Nevertheless, the study clearly demonstrates that the house mouse could have played a role in the evolution of wheat, and therefore the cultural trajectory of humankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Morris
- USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory Pullman, Washington
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Cuesta S, Guzmán C, Alvarez JB. Allelic diversity and molecular characterization of puroindoline genes in five diploid species of the Aegilops genus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:5133-5143. [PMID: 24058161 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Grain hardness is an important quality trait in wheat. This trait is related to the variation in, and the presence of, puroindolines (PINA and PINB). This variation can be increased by the allelic polymorphism present in the Aegilops species that are related to wheat. This study evaluated allelic Pina and Pinb gene variability in five diploid species of the Aegilops genus, along with the molecular characterization of the main allelic variants found in each species. This polymorphism resulted in 16 alleles for the Pina gene and 24 alleles for the Pinb gene, of which 10 and 17, respectively, were novel. Diverse mutations were detected in the deduced mature proteins of these alleles, which could influence the hardness characteristics of these proteins. This study shows that the diploid species of the Aegilops genus could be a good source of genetic variability for both Pina and Pinb genes, which could be used in breeding programmes to extend the range of different textures in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cuesta
- Departamento de Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Edificio Gregor Mendel, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, CeiA3, ES-14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Chen F, Li H, Cui D. Discovery, distribution and diversity of Puroindoline-D1 genes in bread wheat from five countries (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:125. [PMID: 24011219 PMCID: PMC3844508 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grain texture is one of the most important characteristics in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Puroindoline-D1 genes play the main role in controlling grain texture and are intimately associated with the milling and processing qualities in bread wheat. RESULTS A series of diagnostic molecular markers and dCAPS markers were used to characterize Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1 in 493 wheat cultivars from diverse geographic locations. A primer walking strategy was used to characterize PINA-null alleles at the DNA level. Results indicated that Chinese landraces encompassing 12 different Puroindoline-D1 allelic combinations showed the highest diversity, while CIMMYT wheat cultivars containing 3 different Puroindoline-D1 allelic combinations showed the lowest diversity amongst wheat cultivars from the five countries surveyed. Two novel Pina-D1 alleles, designated Pina-D1s with a 4,422-bp deletion and Pina-D1u with a 6,460-bp deletion in the Ha (Hardness) locus, were characterized at the DNA level by a primer walking strategy, and corresponding molecular markers Pina-N3 and Pina-N4 were developed for straightforward identification of the Pina-D1s and Pina-D1u alleles. Analysis of the association of Puroindoline-D1 alleles with grain texture indicated that wheat cultivars with Pina-null/Pinb-null allele, possessing an approximate 33-kb deletion in the Ha locus, have the highest SKCS hardness index amongst the different genotypes used in this study. Moreover, wheat cultivars with the PINA-null allele have significantly higher SKCS hardness index than those of Pinb-D1b and Pinb-D1p alleles. CONCLUSIONS Molecular characterization of the Puroindoline-D1 allele was investigated in bread wheat cultivars from five geographic regions, resulting in the discovery of two new alleles - Pina-D1s and Pina-D1u. Molecular markers were developed for both alleles. Analysis of the association of the Puroindoline-D1 alleles with grain texture showed that cultivars with PINA-null allele possessed relatively high SKCS hardness index. This study can provide useful information for the improvement of wheat quality, as well as give a deeper understanding of the molecular and genetic processes controlling grain texture in bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Dangqun Cui
- Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Chen F, Li H, Li X, Dong Z, Zuo A, Shang X, Cui D. Alveograph and Mixolab parameters associated with Puroindoline-D1 genes in Chinese winter wheats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2541-2548. [PMID: 23519461 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grain texture is one of the most important characteristics of bread wheat and has a significant influence on end-use qualities. RESULTS Forty-three Chinese cultivars were tested under three environments and used to characterise kernel hardness, Puroindoline-D1 alleles and Alveograph and Mixolab parameters. The results indicated that SKCS hardness was positively correlated with Alveograph tenacity and P/L and Mixolab protein weakening (C2) and water absorption and negatively correlated with Mixolab starch gelatinisation (C3), amylasic activity (C4) and starch gelling (C5). Variance analysis showed that Puroindoline-D1 had a significant impact on SKCS hardness and most Alveograph and Mixolab parameters. Furthermore, among three Puroindoline-D1 genotypes, PINA-null/Pinb-D1a possessed the highest SKCS hardness, Alveograph tenacity and W and Mixolab stability and water absorption but the lowest Alveograph extensibility and G and Mixolab C3, C4 and C5. Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a had the lowest SKCS hardness, Alveograph tenacity and W and Mixolab C2, water absorption and stability but the highest Alveograph extensibility and G and Mixolab C3, C4 and C5. Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b possessed the lowest Mixolab C2 - C1, C3 - C2, C4 - C3 and C5 - C4. CONCLUSION Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a was softer and had lower tenacity and water absorption. PINA-null/Pinb-D1a was harder and had higher tenacity and water absorption. Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b had lower difference values among Mixolab parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Pauly A, Pareyt B, Fierens E, Delcour JA. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and T. turgidum L. ssp. durum) Kernel Hardness: I. Current View on the Role of Puroindolines and Polar Lipids. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013; 12:413-426. [PMID: 33412687 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Wheat hardness has major consequences for the entire wheat supply chain from breeders and millers over manufacturers to, finally, consumers of wheat-based products. Indeed, differences in hardness among Triticum aestivum L. or between T. aestivum L. and T. turgidum L. ssp. durum wheat cultivars determine not only their milling properties, but also the properties of flour or semolina endosperm particles, their preferential use in cereal-based applications, and the quality of the latter. Although the mechanism causing differences in wheat hardness has been subject of research more than once, it is still not completely understood. It is widely accepted that differences in wheat hardness originate from differences in the interaction between the starch granules and the endosperm protein matrix in the kernel. This interaction seems impacted by the presence of either puroindoline a and/or b, polar lipids on the starch granule surface, or by a combination of both. We focus here on wheat hardness and its relation to the presence of puroindolines and polar lipids. More in particular, the structure, properties, and genetics of puroindolines and their interactions with polar lipids are critically discussed as is their possible role in wheat hardness. We also address future research needs as well as the presence of puroindoline-type proteins in other cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Pauly
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Pareyt
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Fierens
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan A Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Chen F, Li H, Shang X, Li X, Cui D. A novel Puroindoline b-2 variant present in Chinese winter wheat cultivar Yunong 202. J Cereal Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Geng H, Beecher BS, Pumphrey M, He Z, Morris CF. Segregation analysis indicates that Puroindoline b-2 variants 2 and 3 are allelic in Triticum aestivum and that a revision to Puroindoline b-2 gene symbolization is indicated. J Cereal Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ramalingam A, Palombo EA, Bhave M. The Pinb-2 genes in wheat comprise a multigene family with great sequence diversity and important variants. J Cereal Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Geng H, Beecher BS, He Z, Kiszonas AM, Morris CF. Prevalence of Puroindoline D1 and Puroindoline b-2 variants in U.S. Pacific Northwest wheat breeding germplasm pools, and their association with kernel texture. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2012; 124:1259-1269. [PMID: 22231024 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-011-1784-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Kernel texture is a major factor influencing the classification and end use properties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and is mainly controlled by the Puroindoline a (Pina) and Puroindoline b (Pinb) genes. Recently, a new puroindoline gene, Puroindoline b-2 (Pin b-2), was identified. In this study, 388 wheat cultivars and advanced breeding lines from the U.S. Pacific Northwest were investigated for frequencies of Puroindoline D1 alleles and Pinb-2 variants 2 and 3. Results indicated that Pinb-D1b (74.0%) was the predominant genotype among hard wheats (N = 196), the only other hard allele encountered was Pina-D1b (26.0%). Across all varieties, Pinb-2v3 was the predominant genotype (84.5%) compared with Pinb-2v2 (15.5%). However, among 240 winter wheat varieties (124 soft white, 15 club, 68 hard red and 33 hard white varieties), all carried Pinb-2v3. Among spring wheats, Pinb-2v2 and Pinb-2v3 frequencies were more variable (soft white 25.0:75.0, hard red 58.2:41.8 and hard white 40.0:60.0, respectively). Kernel texture variation was analyzed using 247 of the 388 wheat varieties grown in multi-location factorial trials in up to 7 crop years. The range of variety means among the four groups, soft winter, soft spring, hard winter and hard spring, was on the order of 15-25 single kernel characterization system (SKCS) Hardness Index. The least significant difference for each of these trials ranged from 2.8 to 5.6 SKCS Hardness Index. Observations lead to the conclusion that Pinb-2 variants do not exert a prominent effect on kernel texture, however, Pinb-2 variants do identify features of wheat germ plasm structure in the U.S. Pacific Northwest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Geng
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Kharrazi M, Bobojonov V. Identification and sequence analysis of grain softness protein in selected wheat, rye and triticale. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:2578-84. [DOI: 10.4238/2012.july.19.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lasme P, Oury FX, Michelet C, Abécassis J, Mabille F, L'Helgouac'h CB, Lullien-Pellerin V. A Study of Puroindoline b Gene Involvement in the Milling Behavior of Hard-Type Common Wheats. Cereal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-08-11-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Privat Lasme
- INRA, UMR 1208, Ingénierie des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes, 2 Place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 01, France
- ARVALIS—Institut du végétal, Station Expérimentale, F-91720 Boigneville, France
| | - François-Xavier Oury
- INRA, UMR 1095, Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales, 234 avenue du Brézet, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex 2, France
| | | | - Joël Abécassis
- INRA, UMR 1208, Ingénierie des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes, 2 Place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 01, France
| | - Frédéric Mabille
- INRA, UMR 1208, Ingénierie des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes, 2 Place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 01, France
| | | | - Valérie Lullien-Pellerin
- INRA, UMR 1208, Ingénierie des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes, 2 Place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 01, France
- Corresponding author. UMR Ingénierie des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes, 2 Place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 01, France. Phone: 33 (0)4 99 61 31 05. Fax: 33 (0)4 99 61 30 76. E-mail:
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Suzuki G, Wada H, Goto H, Nakano A, Oba H, Deno T, Rahman S, Mukai Y. Transgenic rice plants harboring the grain hardness-locus region of Aegilops tauschii. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:2293-2301. [PMID: 21850595 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Grain hardness of wheat is determined by the hardness (Ha)-locus region, which contains three friabilin-related genes: puroindoline-a (Pina), puroindoline-b (Pinb) and GSP-1. In our previous study, we produced the transgenic rice plants harboring the large genomic fragment of the Ha-locus region of Aegilops tauschii containing Pina and GSP-1 genes by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. To examine the effects of the transgenes in the rice endosperms, we firstly confirmed the homozygosity of the T-DNAs in four independent T2 lines by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and DNA gel blot analyses. The transgenes, Pina and GSP-1, were stably expressed in endosperms of the T3 and T4 seeds at RNA and protein levels, indicating that the promoters and other regulatory elements on the wheat Ha-locus region function in rice, and that multigene transformation using a large genomic fragment is a useful strategy. The functional contribution of the transgene-derived friabilins to the rice endosperm structure was considered as an increase of spaces between compound starch granules, resulting in a high proportion of white turbidity seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Suzuki
- Division of Natural Science, Osaka Kyoiku University, 4-698-1 Asahigaoka, Kashiwara, Osaka, 582-8582, Japan.
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Morris CF, Anderson JA, King GE, Bettge AD, Garland-Campbell K, Allan RE, Fuerst EP, Beecher BS. Characterization of a Unique “Super Soft” Kernel Trait in Wheat. Cereal Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-07-11-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig F. Morris
- USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6394. Mention of trademark or proprietary products does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable
- Corresponding author. USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, E-202 Food Science and Human Nutrition Facility East, P.O. Box 646394, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164. Phone: (509) 335-4062. Fax: (509) 335-8573. E-mail:
| | - James A. Anderson
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - G. E. King
- Retired from Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164; assigned to the Western Wheat Quality Laboratory
| | - Arthur D. Bettge
- USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6394. Mention of trademark or proprietary products does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable
| | - Kimberly Garland-Campbell
- USDA-ARS Wheat Genetics, Quality, Physiology, and Disease Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - R. E. Allan
- Retired from USDA-ARS Wheat Genetics, Quality, Physiology, and Disease Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - E. Patrick Fuerst
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164; assigned to the Western Wheat Quality Laboratory
| | - Brian S. Beecher
- USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6394. Mention of trademark or proprietary products does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable
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Huang XQ, Brûlé-Babel A. Development of simple and co-dominant PCR markers to genotype puroindoline a and b alleles for grain hardness in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Cereal Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pasha I, Anjum FM, Morris CF. Grain hardness: a major determinant of wheat quality. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2010; 16:511-22. [PMID: 21339167 DOI: 10.1177/1082013210379691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Wheat quality, a complex term, depends upon intentional use for unambiguous products. The foremost determinants of wheat quality are endosperm texture (grain hardness), protein content and gluten strength. Endosperm texture in wheat is the single most important and defining quality characteristic, as it facilitates wheat classification and affects milling, baking and end-use quality. Various techniques used for grain hardness measurement are classified into diverse groups according to grinding, crushing and abrasion. The most extensively used methods for texture measurement are PSI, NIR hardness, SKCS, pearling index, SDS-PAGE and PCR markers. Friabilin is a 15 kDa endosperm specific protein associated with starch granules of wheat grain and is unswervingly related to grain softness. Chemically, it is a concoction of different polypeptides, primarily puroindolines; Pin a and Pin b. Hardness (Ha) locus of chromosome 5DS makes the distinction between soft and hard classes of wheat. Some additional modifying genes are also present which contribute to the disparity within wheat classes. Numerous allelic mutations in Pin have been reported and their relation to end product quality has been established. This treatise elaborates the consequence of grain hardness in wheat eminence.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Pasha
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan.
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Chen F, Zhang F, Cheng X, Morris C, Xu H, Dong Z, Zhan K, Cui D. Association of Puroindoline b-B2 variants with grain traits, yield components and flag leaf size in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties of the Yellow and Huai Valleys of China. J Cereal Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Molecular characterization of the Puroindoline a-D1b allele and development of an STS marker in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Cereal Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ikeda TM, Cong H, Suzuki T, Takata K. Identification of new Pina null mutations among Asian common wheat cultivars. J Cereal Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chen F, Beecher BS, Morris CF. Physical mapping and a new variant of Puroindoline b-2 genes in wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2010; 120:745-751. [PMID: 19911160 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-009-1195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Puroindoline a and b proteins soften the endosperm of wheat kernels. When the underlying puroindoline genes are altered by mutation or are deleted, kernels become harder. Thus, puroindoline a and b (Pina and Pinb) play an important role in wheat quality and utilization. Recently, additional Pinb genes have been reported. In the present report, we provide corroborating coding and additional 5' and 3' flanking sequence for three Pinb variants: Pinb-2v1, Pinb-2v2, and Pinb-2v3. Additionally, a new Pinb variant, Pinb-2v4, is reported. All four variants were physically mapped using Chinese Spring (CS) diteolosomics, nullisomic-tetrasomics, and CS-Cheyenne disomic substitution lines. Results place Pinb-2v1 on 7DL, Pinb-2v2 on 7BL, Pinb-2v3 on 7B, and Pinb-2v4 on 7AL. Pinb-2v1 and Pinb-2v4 were present in all cvs. examined: CS, Cheyenne, Recital, Wichita and Winsome. Pinb-2v2 was present in CS and Recital; Pinb-2v3 was present in Cheyenne, Wichita, and Winsome. These results are not wholly consistent with prior research and additional studies will be required to reconcile discrepancies. The discovery of Pinb-2v4 and the mapping of all four variants will contribute to a better understanding of gene duplication events in wheat and their bearing on wheat kernel texture and grain utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Finnie S, Jeannotte R, Morris C, Faubion J. Variation in polar lipid composition among near-isogenic wheat lines possessing different puroindoline haplotypes. J Cereal Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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Nadolska-Orczyk A, Gasparis S, Orczyk W. The determinants of grain texture in cereals. J Appl Genet 2009; 50:185-97. [PMID: 19638673 DOI: 10.1007/bf03195672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kernel hardness is an important agronomic trait that influences end-product properties. In wheat cultivars, this trait is determined by the Puroindoline a (Pina) and Puroindoline b (Pinb) genes, located in the Hardness locus (Ha) on chromosome 5DS of the D genome. Wild type alleles code puroindoline a (PINA) and puroindoline b (PINB) proteins, which form a 15-kDa friabilin present on the surface of water-washed starch granules. Both the proteins are accumulated in the starch endosperm cells and aleurone of the mature kernels. Puroindoline-like genes coding puroindoline-like proteins in the starch endosperm occur in some of the genomes of Triticeae and Aveneae cereals. Orthologs are present in barley, rye and oats. However, some genomes of these diploid and polyploid cereals, like that of Triticum turgidum var. durum (AABB) lack the puroindoline genes, having a very hard kernel texture. The two wild type alleles in opposition (dominant loci) control the soft phenotype. Mutation either in Pina or Pinb or in both leads to a medium-hard or hard kernel texture. The most frequent types of Pin mutations are point mutations within the coding sequence resulting in the substitution of a single amino acid or a null allele. The latter is the result of a frame shift determined by base deletion or insertion or a one-point mutation to the stop codon. The lipid-binding properties of the puroindolines affect not only the dough quality but also the plants' resistance to pathogens. Genetic modification of cereals with Puroindoline genes and/or their promoters enable more detailed functional analyses and the production of plants with the desired characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nadolska-Orczyk
- Plant Transformation and Cell Engineering Department, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Poland.
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Ma D, Zhang Y, Xia X, Morris CF, He Z. Milling and Chinese raw white noodle qualities of common wheat near-isogenic lines differing in puroindoline b alleles. J Cereal Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bhave M, Morris CF. Molecular genetics of puroindolines and related genes: allelic diversity in wheat and other grasses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 66:205-19. [PMID: 18049798 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-007-9263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The hardness or texture of cereal grains is a primary determinant of their technological and processing quality. Among members of the Triticeae, most notably wheat, much of the variation in texture is controlled by a single locus comprised of the Puroindoline a, Puroindoline b and Grain Softness Protein-1 (Gsp-1) genes. Puroindolines confer the three major texture classes of soft and hard common wheat and the very hard durum wheat. The protein products of these genes interact with lipids and are associated with the surface of isolated starch (as a protein fraction known as 'friabilin'). During the past ten years a great diversity of alleles of both Puroindoline genes have been discovered and significant advances made in understanding the relationship between the gene presence/absence, sequence polymorphism and texture of cereal grains. Efforts have also focussed on Puroindoline and Gsp-1 genes in diploid progenitors, other Triticeae grasses and synthetic wheats in order to understand the evolution of this gene family and find potentially useful variants. The puroindoline homologues in other cereals such as rye and barley are also receiving attention. This work summarises new developments in molecular genetics of puroindolines in wheat and related Triticeae grasses, and the related genes in other cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Bhave
- Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia.
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Bhave M, Morris CF. Molecular genetics of puroindolines and related genes: regulation of expression, membrane binding properties and applications. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 66:221-231. [PMID: 18049797 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-007-9264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Kernel texture of wheat is a primary determinant of its technological properties. Soft kernel texture phenotype results when the Puroindoline a and Puroindoline b genes are present and encode the wild-type puroindolines PINA and PINB, respectively, and various mutations in either or both gene(s) result in hard phenotypes. A wealth of information is now available that furthers our understanding regarding the spatial and temporal regulation of expression of Puroindoline genes. Through the use of model membranes and synthetic peptides we also have a clearer understanding of the significance of the cysteine backbone, the tryptophan-rich domain (TRD) and the helicoid tertiary structures of PIN proteins in relation to their membrane-active properties. Many studies suggest individual yet co-operative modes of action of the PIN proteins in determining kernel texture, and significant evidence is accumulating that the proteins have in vivo and in vitro antimicrobial activities, shedding light on the biological roles of this unique ensemble of proteins. The puroindolines are now being explored for grain kernel texture modifications as well as antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Bhave
- Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia.
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