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Cardenas-Garcia S, Cáceres CJ, Jain A, Geiger G, Mo JS, Gay LC, Seibert B, Jasinskas A, Nakajima R, Rajao DS, Davies DH, Perez DR. Impact of sex on humoral immunity with live influenza B virus vaccines in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:45. [PMID: 38409236 PMCID: PMC10897209 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza B virus (FLUBV) poses a significant infectious threat, with frequent vaccine mismatch limiting its effectiveness. Our previous work investigated the safety and efficacy of modified live attenuated FLUBV vaccines with rearranged genomes (FluB-RAM and FluB-RANS) or a temperature-sensitive PB1 segment with a C-terminal HA tag (FluB-att). In this study, we compared the immune responses of female and male DBA/2J mice vaccinated with these vaccines, including versions containing a chimeric HA segment with an N-terminal IgA-inducing peptide (IGIP). Importantly, both recombinant viruses with and without IGIP remained genetically stable during egg passage. We found that introducing IGIP strengthened vaccine attenuation, particularly for FluB-RAM/IGIP. Prime-boost vaccination completely protected mice against lethal challenge with a homologous FLUBV strain. Notably, recombinant viruses induced robust neutralizing antibody responses (hemagglutination inhibition titers ≥40) alongside antibodies against NA and NP. Interestingly, female mice displayed a consistent trend of enhanced humoral and cross-reactive IgG and IgA responses against HA, NA, and NP compared to male counterparts, regardless of the vaccine used. However, the presence of IGIP generally led to lower anti-HA responses but higher anti-NA and anti-NP responses, particularly of the IgA isotype. These trends were further reflected in mucosal and serological responses two weeks after challenge, with clear distinctions based on sex, vaccine backbone, and IGIP inclusion. These findings hold significant promise for advancing the development of universal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - C Joaquín Cáceres
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Aarti Jain
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ginger Geiger
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jong-Suk Mo
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - L Claire Gay
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Brittany Seibert
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Algimantas Jasinskas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Rie Nakajima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Daniela S Rajao
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - D Huw Davies
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Daniel R Perez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Yu L, Cen P, Zhang L, Ke J, Xu X, Ding J, Jin J, Leng J, Yu Y. Neutrophil CD64 index as a good biomarker for early diagnosis of bacterial infection in pregnant women during the flu season. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13191. [PMID: 37638092 PMCID: PMC10457501 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnant women are at high risk of developing febrile illness during the flu season. Early identification of a viral or bacterial infection is crucial in the management of febrile pregnant patients. Neutrophil CD64 (nCD64) has been shown to have more important diagnostic value in sepsis than traditional inflammatory indicators. Methods The pregnant women enrolled were divided into three groups according to disease: influenza A infection, bacterial infection and healthy controls. Peripheral blood CD64, leukocyte, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and human Th1/Th2-related cytokines levels were routinely measured. The correlation between and diagnostic value of the nCD64 index and other biomarkers were evaluated using Spearman's correlation test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Pregnant women with bacterial infection had significantly elevated levels of leukocytes (8.4 vs. 5.95, 109/L; P = 0.004), CRP (89.70 vs. 50.05 mg/mL; P = 0.031), PCT (0.13 vs. 0.04 ng/mL; P = 0.010) and TNF-α (0.46 vs. 0.38 pg/mL; P = 0.012) and an elevated nCD64 index (12.16 vs. 0.81; P < 0.001) compared with those with influenza A infection. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of the nCD64 index to discriminate bacterial infection among pregnant women (AUROC = 0.9183, P < 0.0001) was the largest. The sensitivity and specificity of the nCD64 index at an optimal cut-off value of 3.16 were 84% and 100%, respectively, with a negative predictive value (NPV) of 94%. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the clinical value of the nCD64 index in distinguishing between bacterial infection and influenza A in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Panpan Cen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Linjian Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jianfei Ke
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiangfei Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jiexia Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jianhang Leng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
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3
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Trinh QD, Pham NTK, Takada K, Ushijima H, Komine-Aizawa S, Hayakawa S. Roles of TGF-β1 in Viral Infection during Pregnancy: Research Update and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076489. [PMID: 37047462 PMCID: PMC10095195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic growth factor playing various roles in the human body including cell growth and development. More functions of TGF-β1 have been discovered, especially its roles in viral infection. TGF-β1 is abundant at the maternal-fetal interface during pregnancy and plays an important function in immune tolerance, an essential key factor for pregnancy success. It plays some critical roles in viral infection in pregnancy, such as its effects on the infection and replication of human cytomegalovirus in syncytiotrophoblasts. Interestingly, its role in the enhancement of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and replication in first-trimester trophoblasts has recently been reported. The above up-to-date findings have opened one of the promising approaches to studying the mechanisms of viral infection during pregnancy with links to corresponding congenital syndromes. In this article, we review our current and recent advances in understanding the roles of TGF-β1 in viral infection. Our discussion focuses on viral infection during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. We highlight the mutual roles of viral infection and TGF-β1 in specific contexts and possible functions of the Smad pathway in viral infection, with a special note on ZIKV infection. In addition, we discuss promising approaches to performing further studies on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Duy Trinh
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Ngan Thi Kim Pham
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Takada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shihoko Komine-Aizawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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Chen D, Wang W, Wu L, Liang L, Wang S, Cheng Y, Zhang T, Chai C, Luo Q, Sun C, Zhao W, Lv Z, Gao Y, Wu X, Sun N, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Chen Y, Tong J, Wang X, Bai Y, Sun C, Jin X, Niu J. Single-cell atlas of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pregnant women. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e821. [PMID: 35522918 PMCID: PMC9076016 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During pregnancy, mother–child interactions trigger a variety of subtle changes in the maternal body, which may be reflected in the status of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Although these cells are easy to access and monitor, a PBMC atlas for pregnant women has not yet been constructed. Methods We applied single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) to profile 198,356 PBMCs derived from 136 pregnant women (gestation weeks 6 to 40) and a control cohort. We also used scRNA‐seq data to establish a transcriptomic clock and thereby predicted the gestational age of normal pregnancy. Results We identified reconfiguration of the peripheral immune cell phenotype during pregnancy, including interferon‐stimulated gene upregulation, activation of RNA splicing‐related pathways and immune activity of cell subpopulations. We also developed a cell‐type‐specific model to predict gestational age of normal pregnancy. Conclusions We constructed a single‐cell atlas of PBMCs in pregnant women spanning the entire gestation period, which should help improve our understanding of PBMC composition turnover in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Langchao Liang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyou Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Chaochao Chai
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Chengcheng Sun
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wandong Zhao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiyuan Lv
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya Gao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Screening, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianing Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Chaoyang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Jin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Niu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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5
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Lu J, Xu X, Huang Y, Li T, Ma C, Xu G, Yin H, Xu X, Ma Y, Wang L, Huang Z, Yan Y, Wang B, Xiao S, Zhou L, Li L, Zhang Y, Chen H, Zhang T, Yan J, Ding H, Yu Y, Kou C, Shen Z, Jiang L, Wang Z, Sun X, Xu Y, He Y, Guo W, Jiang L, Li S, Pan W, Wu Y, Li G, Jia F, Shi J, Shen Z, Zhang N. Prevalence of depressive disorders and treatment in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Lancet Psychiatry 2021; 8:981-990. [PMID: 34559991 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, depressive disorders have been estimated to be the second leading cause of years lived with disability. However, nationally representative epidemiological data for depressive disorders, in particular use of mental health services by adults with these disorders, are unavailable in China. The present study, part of the China Mental Health Survey, 2012-15, aims to describe the socioeconomic characteristics and the use of mental health services in people with depressive disorders in China. METHODS The China Mental Health Survey was a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of mental disorders in a multistage clustered-area probability sample of adults of Chinese nationality (≥18 years) from 157 nationwide representative population-based disease surveillance points in 31 provinces across China. Trained investigators interviewed the participants with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 to ascertain the presence of lifetime and 12-month depressive disorders according to DSM-IV criteria, including major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, and depressive disorder not otherwise specified. Participants with 12-month depressive disorders were asked whether they received any treatment for their emotional problems during the past 12 months and, if so, the specific types of treatment providers. The Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) was used to assess impairments associated with 12-month depressive symptoms. Data-quality control procedures included logic check by computers, sequential recording check, and phone-call check by the quality controllers, and reinterview check by the psychiatrists. Data were weighted according to the age-sex-residence distribution data from China's 2010 census population survey to adjust for differential probabilities of selection and differential response, as well as to post-stratify the sample to match the population distribution. FINDINGS 28 140 respondents (12 537 [44·6%] men and 15 603 [55·4%] women) completed the survey between July 22, 2013, and March 5, 2015. Ethnicity data (Han or non-Han) were collected for only a subsample. Prevalence of any depressive disorders was higher in women than men (lifetime prevalence odds ratio [OR] 1·44 [95% CI 1·20-1·72] and 12-month prevalence OR 1·41 [1·12-1·78]), in unemployed people than employed people (lifetime OR 2·38 [95% CI 1·68-3·38] and 12-month OR 2·80 [95% CI 1·88-4·18]), and in people who were separated, widowed, or divorced compared with those who were married or cohabiting (lifetime OR 1·87 [95% CI 1·39-2·51] and 12-month OR 1·85 [95% CI 1·40-2·46]). Overall, 574 (weighted % 75·9%) of 744 people with 12-month depressive disorders had role impairment of any SDS domain: 439 (83·6%) of 534 respondents with major depressive disorder, 207 (79·8%) of 254 respondents with dysthymic disorder, and 122 (59·9%) of 189 respondents with depressive disorder not otherwise specified. Only an estimated 84 (weighted % 9·5%) of 1007 participants with 12-month depressive disorders were treated in any treatment sector: 38 (3·6%) in speciality mental health, 20 (1·5%) in general medical, two (0·3%) in human services, and 21 (2·7%) in complementary and alternative medicine. Only 12 (0·5%) of 1007 participants with depressive disorders were treated adequately. INTERPRETATION Depressive disorders in China were more prevalent in women than men, unemployed people than employed, and those who were separated, widowed, or divorced than people who were married or cohabiting. Most people with depressive disorders reported social impairment. Treatment rates were very low, and few people received adequate treatment. National programmes are needed to remove barriers to availability, accessibility, and acceptability of care for depression in China. FUNDING National Health Commission and Ministry of Science and Technology of People's Republic of China. TRANSLATION For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; The Fourth People's Hospital in Urumqi, Urumqi, China
| | - Yueqin Huang
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Xiangdong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; The Fourth People's Hospital in Urumqi, Urumqi, China
| | - Yanjuan Ma
- The Fourth People's Hospital in Urumqi, Urumqi, China
| | - Limin Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengjing Huang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yongping Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuiyuan Xiao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongguang Chen
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - TingTing Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Institute of Social Science Survey, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Ding
- Institute of Social Science Survey, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changgui Kou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zonglin Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Linling Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhizhong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xian Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling He
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanjun Guo
- Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyan Li
- The Third People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Chifeng Anding Hospital, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Fujun Jia
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfei Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongxia Shen
- The Third People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Megli C, Morosky S, Rajasundaram D, Coyne CB. Inflammasome signaling in human placental trophoblasts regulates immune defense against Listeria monocytogenes infection. J Exp Med 2021; 218:152123. [PMID: 32976558 PMCID: PMC7953628 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human placenta is a dynamic organ that modulates physiological adaptations to pregnancy. To define the immunological signature of the human placenta, we performed unbiased profiling of secreted immune factors from human chorionic villi isolated from placentas at mid and late stages of pregnancy. We show that placental trophoblasts constitutively secrete the inflammasome-associated cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, which is blocked by NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors and occurs without detectable gasdermin D cleavage. We further show that placenta-derived IL-1β primes monocytes for inflammasome induction to protect against Listeria monocytogenes infection. Last, we show that the human placenta responds to L. monocytogenes infection through additional inflammasome activation and that inhibition of this pathway sensitizes villi to infection. Our results thus identify the inflammasome as an important mechanism by which the human placenta regulates systemic and local immunity during pregnancy to defend against L. monocytogenes infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Megli
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Stefanie Morosky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Carolyn B Coyne
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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7
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Maltezou HC, Rodolakis A. Vaccination of pregnant women against influenza: what is the optimal timing? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2723-2727. [PMID: 33599569 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1889934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women and young infants are at increased risk for severe influenza and its complications. Influenza vaccination during pregnancy is increasingly implemented as a strategy aiming to protect the pregnant woman, the fetus and the young infant. In clinical practice, the achievement of satisfactory protection for the pregnant woman without compromising the protection of her infant during the first months of life remains a challenge. Determinants that are implicated in the optimal timing of influenza vaccination in pregnancy include influenza season, trimester of pregnancy, maternal host factors and infant factors. This article addresses influenza vaccination in pregnancy and presents recent published evidence on issues that affect the optimization of the timing of maternal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena C Maltezou
- Directorate of Research, Studies and Documentation, National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Rodolakis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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8
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Chen L, Jiang H, Zhao Y. Pregnancy with COVID-19: Management considerations for care of severe and critically ill cases. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 84:e13299. [PMID: 32623810 PMCID: PMC7361145 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women are a potentially highly vulnerable population due to anatomical, physiological, and immunological changes under the COVID‐19 pandemic. Issues related to pregnancy with COVID‐19 attracted widespread attention from researchers. A large number of articles were published aiming to elaborate clinical characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women infected with COVID‐19, in order to provide evidence for management. The existing data suggest that the overall prognosis of pregnancy with COVID‐19 is promising when compared with that of other previous coronaviruses. There is still maternal morbidity and mortality related to COVID‐19 reported. However, the optimal management of severe and critically ill cases of COVID‐19–infected pregnancy is poorly clarified. The possibility of postpartum exacerbation in pregnancy with COVID‐19 is also worthy of attention for obstetricians. This review makes further elaboration of the above issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Obstetrics, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Obstetrics, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyu Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Obstetrics, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, China
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9
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Finch CL, Zhang A, Kosikova M, Kawano T, Pasetti MF, Ye Z, Ascher JR, Xie H. Pregnancy level of estradiol attenuated virus-specific humoral immune response in H5N1-infected female mice despite inducing anti-inflammatory protection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:1146-1156. [PMID: 31364945 PMCID: PMC6711175 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1648184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol, a major female steroid produced during pregnancy, has been reported to protect ovariectomized animals against H1N1 influenza infections via its anti-inflammatory effects. However, it remains unclear why pregnant women with high gestational estradiol levels are highly susceptible to influenza infections. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of pregnancy level of estradiol on female immunity against H5N1 infection in Balb/c mice. A sex-dependent susceptibility to H5N1 infection (higher morbidity and higher mortality) was observed in both pregnant and non-pregnant female mice as compared to male mice. Subcutaneous implantation of estradiol pellets increased serum estradiol concentrations of non-pregnant female mice to the pregnancy level. These mice were protected from H5N1 infection through downregulation of pulmonary pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, the production of virus-specific antibodies after infection was significantly delayed in estradiol-implanted mice when compared to placebos. Virus-specific IgG-secreting and IL-4-secreting cells were also reduced in estradiol-implanted mice. Similarly, lower antibody titers to seasonal vaccine antigens were found in pregnant women as compared to non-pregnant females without hormone usage. Our results indicate that estradiol levels equivalent to those found during pregnancy have divergent effects on female immunity against influenza, highlighting the importance of vaccination during pregnancy to prevent severe influenza infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L Finch
- a Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | - Anding Zhang
- a Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | - Martina Kosikova
- a Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | - Toshiaki Kawano
- a Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | - Marcela F Pasetti
- b Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Zhiping Ye
- a Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | - Jill R Ascher
- c Division of Veterinary Services, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | - Hang Xie
- a Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD , USA
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10
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Le Gars M, Seiler C, Kay AW, Bayless NL, Starosvetsky E, Moore L, Shen-Orr SS, Aziz N, Khatri P, Dekker CL, Swan GE, Davis MM, Holmes S, Blish CA. Pregnancy-Induced Alterations in NK Cell Phenotype and Function. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2469. [PMID: 31708922 PMCID: PMC6820503 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women are particularly susceptible to complications of influenza A virus infection, which may result from pregnancy-induced changes in the function of immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells. To better understand NK cell function during pregnancy, we assessed the ability of the two main subsets of NK cells, CD56dim, and CD56bright NK cells, to respond to influenza-virus infected cells and tumor cells. During pregnancy, CD56dim and CD56bright NK cells displayed enhanced functional responses to both infected and tumor cells, with increased expression of degranulation markers and elevated frequency of NK cells producing IFN-γ. To better understand the mechanisms driving this enhanced function, we profiled CD56dim and CD56bright NK cells from pregnant and non-pregnant women using mass cytometry. NK cells from pregnant women displayed significantly increased expression of several functional and activation markers such as CD38 on both subsets and NKp46 on CD56dim NK cells. NK cells also displayed diminished expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 during pregnancy. Overall, these data demonstrate that functional and phenotypic shifts occur in NK cells during pregnancy that can influence the magnitude of the immune response to both infections and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Le Gars
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Christof Seiler
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Alexander W Kay
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas L Bayless
- Department of Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Elina Starosvetsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lindsay Moore
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shai S Shen-Orr
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Natali Aziz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Cornelia L Dekker
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Gary E Swan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Mark M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Susan Holmes
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States
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11
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Comerlato Scotta M, Greff Machado D, Goecks Oliveira S, de Moura A, Rhoden Estorgato G, de Souza APD, Nery Porto B, de Araújo PD, Sarria EE, Pitrez PM, Jones MH, Araújo Pinto L, Tetelbom Stein R, Polack FP, Mattiello R. Evaluation of nasal levels of interferon and clinical severity of influenza in children. J Clin Virol 2019; 114:37-42. [PMID: 30913521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental data show that type I interferon has a key role in innate immune response against influenza infection. OBJECTIVE We compared nasal levels of interferon-α2 and β among inpatients and outpatients with influenza. STUDY DESIGN Children younger than 5 years of age with influenza-like illness seeking care at the emergency department within the first 72 h of disease onset were prospectively included. Clinical and demographic data and secretions through nasal wash were obtained. Influenza infection was assessed through reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and nasal levels of interferon-α2 and β were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All patients followed until the end of the disease. RESULTS One hundred patients were included, of which 24 had confirmed influenza infection, and 5 of them were hospitalized. Subtypes A (H3N2) and B were confirmed in 10 and 14 patients, respectively. Seventy-six patients without influenza, including 48% of outpatients, were recruited as controls. All hospitalized patients were significantly younger regardless of influenza status (age <6 months in 59% vs. 23.2%, p < 0.001). All other data were similar among the groups. Comparing median levels of interferon-α2 among children with influenza, levels were significantly higher in outpatients than in hospitalized patients and were 263.2 pg/mL (25-75 interquartile range: 58.3-634) and detectable in only one patient (90 pg/mL), respectively. The levels of interferon-α2 in controls and those of interferon-β in all groups were not detected. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of interferon-α2 in patients with less severe influenza reinforce experimental evidence about the protective role of interferon-α2 against influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denise Greff Machado
- Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Suelen Goecks Oliveira
- Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angela de Moura
- Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Barbara Nery Porto
- Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Edgar Enrique Sarria
- Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), School of Medicine, Department of Biology and Pharmacy, Brazil
| | - Paulo Marcio Pitrez
- Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcus Herbert Jones
- Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Araújo Pinto
- Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renato Tetelbom Stein
- Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Rita Mattiello
- Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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12
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Vermillion MS, Nelson A, Vom Steeg L, Loube J, Mitzner W, Klein SL. Pregnancy preserves pulmonary function following influenza virus infection in C57BL/6 mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L517-L525. [PMID: 29847990 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00066.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with significant anatomic and functional changes to the cardiopulmonary system. Using pregnant C57BL/6 mice, we characterized changes in pulmonary structure and function during pregnancy in healthy animals and following infection with influenza A virus (IAV). We hypothesized that pregnancy-associated alterations in pulmonary physiology would contribute to the more severe outcome of IAV infection. Nonpregnant and pregnant females (at embryonic day 10.5) were either mock-infected or infected with 2009 H1N1 IAV for assessment of pulmonary function, structure, and inflammation at 8 days postinoculation. There were baseline differences in pulmonary function, with pregnant females having greater lung compliance, total lung capacity, and fixed lung volume than nonpregnant females. Following IAV infection, both pregnant and nonpregnant females exhibited reduced circulating progesterone, which in nonpregnant females was associated with increased pulmonary resistance and decreased lung compliance, minute ventilation, and oxygen diffusing capacity compared with uninfected nonpregnant females. In pregnant females, reduced concentrations of progesterone were associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but measures of pulmonary function were preserved following IAV infection and were not significantly different from uninfected pregnant mice. Following IAV infection, infectious virus titers and total numbers of pulmonary leukocytes were similar between pregnant and nonpregnant females, but the histological density of pulmonary inflammation was reduced in pregnant animals. These data suggest that pregnancy in mice is associated with significant alterations in pulmonary physiology but that these changes served to preserve lung function during IAV infection. Pregnancy-associated alterations in pulmonary physiology may serve to protect females during severe influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan S Vermillion
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew Nelson
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Landon Vom Steeg
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeffery Loube
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland
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13
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H1N1 influenza virus infection results in adverse pregnancy outcomes by disrupting tissue-specific hormonal regulation. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006757. [PMID: 29176767 PMCID: PMC5720832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased susceptibility to influenza virus infection during pregnancy has been attributed to immunological changes occurring before and during gestation in order to “tolerate” the developing fetus. These systemic changes are most often characterized by a suppression of cell-mediated immunity and elevation of humoral immune responses referred to as the Th1-Th2 shift. However, the underlying mechanisms which increase pregnant mothers’ risk following influenza virus infection have not been fully elucidated. We used pregnant BALB/c mice during mid- to late gestation to determine the impact of a sub-lethal infection with A/Brisbane/59/07 H1N1 seasonal influenza virus on completion of gestation. Maternal and fetal health status was closely monitored and compared to infected non-pregnant mice. Severity of infection during pregnancy was correlated with premature rupture of amniotic membranes (PROM), fetal survival and body weight at birth, lung viral load and degree of systemic and tissue inflammation mediated by innate and adaptive immune responses. Here we report that influenza virus infection resulted in dysregulation of inflammatory responses that led to pre-term labor, impairment of fetal growth, increased fetal mortality and maternal morbidity. We observed significant compartment-specific immune responses correlated with changes in hormonal synthesis and regulation. Dysregulation of progesterone, COX-2, PGE2 and PGF2α expression in infected pregnant mice was accompanied by significant remodeling of placental architecture and upregulation of MMP-9 early after infection. Collectively these findings demonstrate the potential of a seasonal influenza virus to initiate a powerful pro-abortive mechanism with adverse outcomes in fetal health. Maternal immunology is finely balanced to maintain a tolerant and supportive molecular environment for the developing fetus while continuing surveillance against foreign microbial threats. Influenza viral infection during pregnancy is a significant clinical risk for mothers and their newborns, increasing hospitalization, preterm birth, low birth weight, and maternal and neonatal deaths worldwide. In a mouse pregnancy model, we show how influenza virus infection disrupts the delicate and interconnected cytokine and hormonal signaling pathways that respond to respiratory pathogens. The health of mothers and offspring was impacted in our study, after pregnant mothers’ lung and placental architecture was compromised by infection. Influenza virus infection increased the stress on the mother’s body already present due to pregnancy, or reversed the hormonal environment required to establish and maintain healthy pregnancy. By dissecting the effects of inflammation post-infection throughout the mother’s anatomy, we can tailor anti-inflammatory treatments for the pregnant population. Also, thorough knowledge of immune responses will assist in tailoring vaccine design and dosage for this delicate period of women’s immunological and reproductive health.
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14
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Sahu M, Singh N, Shukla MK, Potdar VA, Sharma RK, Sahare LK, Ukey MJ, Barde PV. Molecular and epidemiological analysis of pandemic and post-pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus from central India. J Med Virol 2017; 90:447-455. [PMID: 29073730 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus pandemic struck India in 2009 and continues to cause outbreaks in its post-pandemic phase. Diminutive information is available about influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 from central India. This observational study presents epidemiological and molecular findings for the period of 6 years. Throat swab samples referred from districts of Madhya Pradesh were subjected to diagnosis of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 following WHO guidelines. Clinical and epidemiological data were recorded and analyzed. Hemagglutinin (HA) gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed. The H275Y mutation responsible for antiviral resistance was tested using allelic real-time RT-PCR. Out of 7365 tested samples, 2406 (32.7%) were positive for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, of which 363 (15.08%) succumbed to infection. Significant trends were observed in positivity (χ2 = 50.8; P < 0.001) and mortality (χ2 = 24.4; P < 0.001) with increasing age. Mutations having clinical and epidemiological importance were detected. Phylogenetic analysis of HA gene sequences revealed that clade 7, 6A, and 6B viruses were in circulation. Oseltamivir resistance was detected in three fatal cases. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses having genetic diversity were detected from central India and continues to be a concern for public health. This study highlights the need of year-round monitoring by establishment of strong molecular and clinical surveillance program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Sahu
- National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH), ICMR, Jabalpur, Madhya Prdesh, India
| | - Neeru Singh
- National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH), ICMR, Jabalpur, Madhya Prdesh, India
| | - Mohan K Shukla
- National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH), ICMR, Jabalpur, Madhya Prdesh, India
| | | | - Ravendra K Sharma
- National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH), ICMR, Jabalpur, Madhya Prdesh, India
| | - Lalit Kumar Sahare
- National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH), ICMR, Jabalpur, Madhya Prdesh, India
| | - Mahendra J Ukey
- National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH), ICMR, Jabalpur, Madhya Prdesh, India
| | - Pradip V Barde
- National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH), ICMR, Jabalpur, Madhya Prdesh, India
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15
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Kandeel A, Dawson P, Labib M, Said M, El-Refai S, El-Gohari A, Talaat M. Morbidity, Mortality, and Seasonality of Influenza Hospitalizations in Egypt, November 2007-November 2014. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161301. [PMID: 27607330 PMCID: PMC5015910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza typically comprises a substantial portion of acute respiratory infections, a leading cause of mortality worldwide. However, influenza epidemiology data are lacking in Egypt. We describe seven years of Egypt's influenza hospitalizations from a multi-site influenza surveillance system. METHODS Syndromic case definitions identified individuals with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) admitted to eight hospitals in Egypt. Standardized demographic and clinical data were collected. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were tested for influenza using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and typed as influenza A or B, and influenza A specimens subtyped. RESULTS From November 2007-November 2014, 2,936/17,441 (17%) SARI cases were influenza-positive. Influenza-positive patients were more likely to be older, female, pregnant, and have chronic condition(s) (all p<0.05). Among them, 53 (2%) died, and death was associated with older age, five or more days from symptom onset to hospitalization, chronic condition(s), and influenza A (all p<0.05). An annual seasonal influenza pattern occurred from July-June. Each season, the proportion of the season's influenza-positive cases peaked during November-May (19-41%). CONCLUSIONS In Egypt, influenza causes considerable morbidity and mortality and influenza SARI hospitalization patterns mirror those of the Northern Hemisphere. Additional assessment of influenza epidemiology in Egypt may better guide disease control activities and vaccine policy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Dawson
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Cairo, Egypt
- Global Disease Detection Center, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mayar Said
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Maha Talaat
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Cairo, Egypt
- Global Disease Detection Center, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Ropero-Álvarez AM, El Omeiri N, Kurtis HJ, Danovaro-Holliday MC, Ruiz-Matus C. Influenza vaccination in the Americas: Progress and challenges after the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza pandemic. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:2206-2214. [PMID: 27196006 PMCID: PMC4994725 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1157240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There has been considerable uptake of seasonal influenza vaccines in the Americas compared to other regions. We describe the current influenza vaccination target groups, recent progress in vaccine uptake and in generating evidence on influenza seasonality and vaccine effectiveness for immunization programs. We also discuss persistent challenges, 5 years after the A(H1N1) 2009 influenza pandemic. Methods: We compiled and summarized data annually reported by countries to the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) through the WHO/UNICEF joint report form on immunization, information obtained through PAHO's Revolving Fund for Vaccine Procurement and communications with managers of national Expanded Programs on Immunization (EPI). Results: Since 2008, 25 countries/territories in the Americas have introduced new target groups for vaccination or expanded the age ranges of existing target groups. As of 2014, 40 (89%) out of 45 countries/territories have policies established for seasonal influenza vaccination. Currently, 29 (64%) countries/territories target pregnant women for vaccination, the highest priority group according to WHO´s Stategic Advisory Group of Experts and PAHO/WHO's Technical Advisory Group on Vaccine-preventable Diseases, compared to only 7 (16%) in 2008. Among 23 countries reporting coverage data, on average, 75% of adults ≥60 years, 45% of children aged 6–23 months, 32% of children aged 5–2 years, 59% of pregnant women, 78% of healthcare workers, and 90% of individuals with chronic conditions were vaccinated during the 2013–14 Northern Hemisphere or 2014 Southern Hemisphere influenza vaccination activities. Difficulties however persist in the estimation of vaccination coverage, especially for pregnant women and persons with chronic conditions. Since 2007, 6 tropical countries have changed their vaccine formulation from the Northern to the Southern Hemisphere formulation and the timing of their campaigns to April-May following the review of national evidence. LAC countries have also established an official network dedicated to evaluating influenza vaccines effectiveness and impact. Conclusion: Following the A(H1N1)2009 influenza pandemic, countries of the Americas have continued their efforts to sustain or increase seasonal influenza vaccine uptake among high risk groups, especially among pregnant women. Countries also continued strengthening influenza surveillance, immunization platforms and information systems, indirectly improving preparedness for future pandemics. Influenza vaccination is particularly challenging compared to other vaccines included in EPI schedules, due to the need for annual, optimally timed vaccination, the wide spectrum of target groups, and the limitations of the available vaccines. Countries should continue to monitor influenza vaccination coverage, generate evidence for vaccination programs and implement social communication strategies addressing existing gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba María Ropero-Álvarez
- a Pan American Health Organization, Comprehensive Family Immunization Unit , Family, Gender and Life Course Department , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Nathalie El Omeiri
- a Pan American Health Organization, Comprehensive Family Immunization Unit , Family, Gender and Life Course Department , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Hannah Jane Kurtis
- a Pan American Health Organization, Comprehensive Family Immunization Unit , Family, Gender and Life Course Department , Washington , DC , USA
| | - M Carolina Danovaro-Holliday
- a Pan American Health Organization, Comprehensive Family Immunization Unit , Family, Gender and Life Course Department , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Cuauhtémoc Ruiz-Matus
- a Pan American Health Organization, Comprehensive Family Immunization Unit , Family, Gender and Life Course Department , Washington , DC , USA
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17
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Skountzou I, Lelutiu N, Compans RW. Influenza prevention during pregnancy. Future Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.16.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory–UGA Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Emory University School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nadia Lelutiu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory–UGA Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Emory University School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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18
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Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Docheva N, Korzeniewski SJ, Tarca AL, Bhatti G, Xu Z, Kusanovic JP, Dong Z, Yoon BH, Hassan SS, Chaiworapongsa T, Yeo L, Kim YM, Kim YM. Clinical chorioamnionitis at term V: umbilical cord plasma cytokine profile in the context of a systemic maternal inflammatory response. J Perinat Med 2016; 44:53-76. [PMID: 26360486 PMCID: PMC5625297 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2015-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microbial invasion of the fetus due to intra-amniotic infection can lead to a systemic inflammatory response characterized by elevated concentrations of cytokines in the umbilical cord plasma/serum. Clinical chorioamnionitis represents the maternal syndrome often associated with intra-amniotic infection, although other causes of this syndrome have been recently described. The objective of this study was to characterize the umbilical cord plasma cytokine profile in neonates born to mothers with clinical chorioamnionitis at term, according to the presence or absence of bacteria and/or intra-amniotic inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted, including patients with clinical chorioamnionitis at term (n=38; cases) and those with spontaneous term labor without clinical chorioamnionitis (n=77; controls). Women with clinical chorioamnionitis were classified according to the results of amniotic fluid culture, broad-range polymerase chain reaction coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) and amniotic fluid interleukin (IL)-6 concentration into three groups: 1) no intra-amniotic inflammation; 2) intra-amniotic inflammation without detectable microorganisms; or 3) microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation. A fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) was defined as an umbilical cord plasma IL-6 concentration >11 pg/mL. The umbilical cord plasma concentrations of 29 cytokines were determined with sensitive and specific V-PLEX immunoassays. Nonparametric statistical methods were used for analysis, adjusting for a false discovery rate of 5%. RESULTS 1) Neonates born to mothers with clinical chorioamnionitis at term (considered in toto) had significantly higher median umbilical cord plasma concentrations of IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-16, IL-13, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-8, but significantly lower interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-α concentrations than neonates born to mothers with spontaneous term labor without clinical chorioamnionitis; 2) neonates born to mothers with clinical chorioamnionitis at term but without intra-amniotic inflammation had higher concentrations of IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-8, but lower IFN-γ, than neonates not exposed to clinical chorioamnionitis, suggesting that maternal fever in the absence of intra-amniotic inflammation leads to a change in the fetal cytokine network; 3) there were significant, positive correlations between maternal and umbilical cord plasma IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations (IL-6: Spearman correlation=0.53; P<0.001; IL-8: Spearman correlation=0.42; P<0.001), consistent with placental transfer of cytokines; 4) an elevated fetal plasma IL-6 (>11 pg/mL), the diagnostic criterion for FIRS, was present in 21% of cases (8/38), and all these neonates were born to mothers with proven intra-amniotic infection; and 5) FIRS was associated with a high concentration of umbilical cord plasma IL-8, IL-10 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. CONCLUSIONS Neonates born to mothers with clinical chorioamnionitis at term had higher concentrations of umbilical cord plasma cytokines than those born to mothers without clinical chorioamnionitis. Even neonates exposed to clinical chorioamnionitis but not to intra-amniotic inflammation had elevated concentrations of multiple cytokines, suggesting that intrapartum fever alters the fetal immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,Department of Molecular Obstetrics and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nikolina Docheva
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Steven J. Korzeniewski
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gaurav Bhatti
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zhonghui Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Juan P. Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA,Center for Research and Innovation in Maternal-Fetal Medicine (CIMAF). Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sótero del Río Hospital, Santiago, Chile,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zhong Dong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bo Hyun Yoon
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lami Yeo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yeon Mee Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA,Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan Korea
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Rendón-Ramirez EJ, Ortiz-Stern A, Martinez-Mejia C, Salinas-Carmona MC, Rendon A, Mata-Tijerina VL, Rosas-Taraco AG. TGF-β Blood Levels Distinguish Between Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 Virus Sepsis and Sepsis due to Other Forms of Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Viral Immunol 2015; 28:248-54. [PMID: 25923384 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2014.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a strong interest in finding adequate biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. In this study, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and laboratory markers were evaluated to assess their usefulness as biomarkers of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and their association with fatal cases. Serum samples of consecutive patients with a clinical presentation suggestive of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and progression to sepsis were evaluated. Serum inflammatory cytokines and routine laboratory tests were performed and correlated with positivity for influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 influenza by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and the results of three clinical severity scores (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA], CURB-65, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II [APACHE II]). High SOFA scores and some of its individual components, but not CURB-65 or APACHE II scores, correlate with fatal cases regardless of etiology. Total and unconjugated bilirubin, Ca(++), Cl(-), prothrombin times, and partial thromboplastin times discriminate influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 from other causes of community-acquired pneumonia. High levels of IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17 were increased in influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 patients when compared with controls (p<0.05). IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 patients and non-(H1N1)pdm09 patients when compared with controls (p<0.05). TGF-β serum levels discern between healthy controls, influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 patients, and patients with other causes of community-acquired pneumonia. TGF-β levels were negatively correlated with SOFA on admission in influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 patients. TGF-β levels are a useful tool for differentiating influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 from other causes of pneumonia progressing to sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick J Rendón-Ramirez
- 1Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.,2Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Ortiz-Stern
- 1Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.,2Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Corazon Martinez-Mejia
- 1Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.,2Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Mario C Salinas-Carmona
- 1Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.,2Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Adrian Rendon
- 3CIPTIR (Centro de Investigación, Prevención y Tratamiento de Infecciones Respiratorias), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Viviana L Mata-Tijerina
- 4Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Noreste del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Adrian G Rosas-Taraco
- 1Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.,2Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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