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Mogotsi MT, Ogunbayo AE, O’Neill HG, Nyaga MM. High Detection Frequency of Vaccine-Associated Polioviruses and Non-Polio Enteroviruses in the Stools of Asymptomatic Infants from the Free State Province, South Africa. Microorganisms 2024; 12:920. [PMID: 38792747 PMCID: PMC11124149 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus (EV) infections are widespread and associated with a range of clinical conditions, from encephalitis to meningitis, gastroenteritis, and acute flaccid paralysis. Knowledge about the circulation of EVs in neonatal age and early infancy is scarce, especially in Africa. This study aimed to unveil the frequency and diversity of EVs circulating in apparently healthy newborns from the Free State Province, South Africa (SA). For this purpose, longitudinally collected faecal specimens (May 2021-February 2022) from a cohort of 17 asymptomatic infants were analysed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Overall, seven different non-polio EV (NPEV) subtypes belonging to EV-B and EV-C species were identified, while viruses classified under EV-A and EV-D species could not be characterised at the sub-species level. Additionally, under EV-C species, two vaccine-related poliovirus subtypes (PV1 and PV3) were identified. The most prevalent NPEV species was EV-B (16/17, 94.1%), followed by EV-A (3/17, 17.6%), and EV-D (4/17, 23.5%). Within EV-B, the commonly identified NPEV types included echoviruses 6, 13, 15, and 19 (E6, E13, E15, and E19), and coxsackievirus B2 (CVB2), whereas enterovirus C99 (EV-C99) and coxsackievirus A19 (CVA19) were the only two NPEVs identified under EV-C species. Sabin PV1 and PV3 strains were predominantly detected during the first week of birth and 6-8 week time points, respectively, corresponding with the OPV vaccination schedule in South Africa. A total of 11 complete/near-complete genomes were identified from seven NPEV subtypes, and phylogenetic analysis of the three EV-C99 identified revealed that our strains were closely related to other strains from Cameroon and Brazil, suggesting global distribution of these strains. This study provides an insight into the frequency and diversity of EVs circulating in asymptomatic infants from the Free State Province, with the predominance of subtypes from EV-B and EV-C species. This data will be helpful to researchers looking into strategies for the control and treatment of EV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton T. Mogotsi
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; (M.T.M.); (A.E.O.)
| | - Ayodeji E. Ogunbayo
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; (M.T.M.); (A.E.O.)
| | - Hester G. O’Neill
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
| | - Martin M. Nyaga
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; (M.T.M.); (A.E.O.)
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Han ZZ, Li JC, Xiao JB, Hong M, Lu HH, Song Y, Liu Y, Wang R, Fu HH, Wang FM, Zhu SL, Yan DM, Ji TJ, Zhao LQ, Zhang Y. Identification and genetic characterization of a recently identified enterovirus C116 in China. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29503. [PMID: 38445750 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Enterovirus C116 (EV-C116) is a new member of the enterovirus C group which is closely associated with several infectious diseases. Although sporadic studies have detected EV-C116 in clinical samples worldwide, there is currently limited information available. In this study, two EV-C-positive fecal specimens were detected in apparently healthy children, which harbored low abundance, through meta-transcriptome sequencing. Based on the prototypes of several EV-Cs, two lineages were observed. Lineage 1 included many types that could not cause EV-like cytopathic effect in cell culture. Three genogroups of EV-C116 were divided in the maximum likelihood tree, and the two strains in this study (XZ2 and XZ113) formed two different lineages, suggesting that EV-C116 still diffuses worldwide. Obvious inter-type recombination events were observed in the XZ2 strain, with CVA22 identified as a minor donor. However, another strain (XZ113) underwent different recombination situations, highlighting the importance of recombination in the formation of EV-Cs biodiversity. The EV-C116 strains could propagate in rhabdomyosarcoma cell cultures at low titer; however, EV-like cytopathic effects were not observed. HEp-2, L20B, VERO, and 293T cell lines did not provide an appropriate environment for EV-C116 growth. These results challenge the traditional recognition of the uncultured nature of EV-C116 strains and explain the difficulty of clinical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhi Han
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Chen Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Bo Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Hong
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | - Huan-Huan Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Song
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Haoyu Fu
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Li Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Mei Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Qing Zhao
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Couderé K, Benschop K, van Steen A, Verweij JJ, Pas S, Cremer J, Edridge AWD, Abd-Elfarag GOE, van Hensbroek MB, Pajkrt D, Murk JL, Wolthers KC. First description and phylogenetic analysis of coxsackie virus A non-polio enteroviruses and parechoviruses A in South Sudanese children. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29194. [PMID: 37881026 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EV) and parechoviruses A (PeV-A) are commonly circulating viruses able to cause severe disease. Surveillance studies from sub-Saharan Africa are limited and show high but variable infection rates and a high variation in genotypes. This is the first study to describe EV and PeV-A circulation in children in South Sudan. Of the fecal samples collected, 35% and 10% were positive for EV and PeV-A, respectively. A wide range of genotypes were found, including several rarely described EV and PeV-A types. Coxsackie virus A (CVA) EV-C types, particularly CVA13, were the most dominant EV types. The CVA13 types had a high diversity with the majority belonging to four different previously described clusters. PeV-A1 and -A14 were the most common PeV-A genotypes. A lack of representative data from our and other studies from sub-Saharan Africa demonstrates the need for more systematic surveillance of non-polio EV and PeV-A types in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Couderé
- Microvida, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley Benschop
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid van Steen
- Microvida, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco J Verweij
- Microvida, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan Pas
- Microvida, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Cremer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gasim O E Abd-Elfarag
- Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michaël B van Hensbroek
- Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dasja Pajkrt
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, OrganoVIR Labs, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Luc Murk
- Microvida, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Katja C Wolthers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, OrganoVIR Labs, Amsterdam UMC, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Tatte VS, Gopalkrishna V. Circulation of unusual and diverse enteric virus strains in adults with acute gastroenteritis: a study from Pune (Maharashtra), Western India. Arch Virol 2023; 168:160. [PMID: 37169986 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In India, studies on the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of enteric viruses in adults with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) are lacking. In this study, fecal samples (n = 110) from adults with acute gastroenteritis in Pune, Western India, were tested for six enteric viruses, and the prevalence of these viruses was as follows: rotavirus A (RVA), 38.5%; enterovirus (EV), 23.1%; astrovirus (AstV), 23.1%; adenovirus (AdV), 7.7%; human bocavirus (HBoV), 7.7%; norovirus (NoV), 0%. Circulation of the RVA G1P[8], G3P[8], G9P[4], CVA-10, echovirus E13, EVC-116, AstV-5, AstV-2, HBoV-1, and AdVC-2 types was observed. When compared to the RotaTeq, Rotarix, and RotaVac vaccine strains, antigenic changes were found in the A, B, C, and F regions of the RVA strains. The circulation of genetically diverse, unusual enteric virus strains, reported here for the first time in adults with acute gastroenteritis, warrants multi-center hospital-based surveillance studies across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali S Tatte
- Enteric Viruses Group, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411001, India
| | - Varanasi Gopalkrishna
- Enteric Viruses Group, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411001, India.
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Li W, Gao Z, Yan H, Tian Y, Liu B, Shen L, Wang Y, Jia L, Zhang D, Wang Q. Prevalence and genetic diversity of Parechovirus A in children with diarrhea in Beijing, China, 2017-2019. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 111:105435. [PMID: 37059255 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the prevalence and genotypes of Parechovirus A (PeV-A) in children with diarrhea in Beijing, China, 2017-2019. A total of 1734 stool samples collected from children <5 years of age with diarrhea were tested for the presence of PeV-A. Viral RNA was detected by real-time RT-PCR, and then genotyped by nested RT-PCR. We detected PeV-A in 93 (5.4%, 93/1734) samples, of which 87 could be genotyped by amplification of either the complete or partial VP1 region or the VP3/VP1 junction region. The median age of PeV-A infected children was 10 months. Most PeV-A infections were observed between August and November, with a peak in September. Seven known genotypes of PeV-A1A, -A1B, -A3, -A4, -A6, -A8 and -A11 were detected and PeV-A1B was the most prevalent genotype. Coinfection with other diarrheal viruses was observed in 30.1% (28/93) of PeV-A positive samples. All strains of PeV-A1A, -A1B, -A4 and -A6 obtained in this study contained the arginine-glycine-aspartic (RGD) motif, while all strains of PeV-A3, -A8 and -A11 lacked it. This study revealed a high genetic diversity of PeV-A circulating in Beijing and PeV-A11 was reported for the first time in children with diarrhea in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Li
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Gao
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hanqiu Yan
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Tian
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Baiwei Liu
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyu Shen
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jia
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Daitao Zhang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Quanyi Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control.
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Bero DM, da Silva EE, Júnior IPDS, Nhassengo SA, Machado RS, Bauhofer AFL, Chilaúle JJ, Munlela B, Guimarães E, Cossa-Moiane I, Sambo J, Anapakala E, Cassocera M, Coutinho-Manhique L, Chissaque A, Langa JS, Burlandy F, de Deus N. Enterovirus detection in stool samples from Mozambican children with acute gastroenteritis. Acta Trop 2023; 238:106755. [PMID: 36379257 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EV) are predominantly enteric viruses, present in all parts of the world causing disease in humans with a broad spectrum of clinical presentations. The purpose of this study was to identify non-polio enteroviruses (NPEV) in stool samples collected from children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) symptoms of unknown etiology in four provinces (Maputo, Nampula, Sofala and Zambézia) of Mozambique. From June 2014 to March 2018, 327 stool samples were collected from children hospitalized with AGE in health care units. NPEVs were detected in 52 samples (52/327; 15.9%) and were more frequent in children under 5 years of age. The age group from 12 to 23 months was the most affected and showed more severity of disease. We also identified 26 different EV-types with the following detection pattern EV-B>EV-C>EV-A. The major EV-types were EV-A119 (9/52; 17.3%) and EV-C99 (8/52; 15.4%), accounting for 32.7% of the total. In addition to EV-A119, other uncommon EV-types were also identified, such as EV-B75, EV-B97 and EV-C113. The current study shows a high heterogeneity of EV types circulating in children with AGE in Mozambique as well as the identification of rarely described enteroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diocreciano Matias Bero
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Vila de Marracuene, EN1, Parcela N° 3943, Província de Maputo, Moçambique.
| | - Edson Elias da Silva
- Enterovirus Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Ivanildo Pedro de Sousa Júnior
- Enterovirus Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Sheila António Nhassengo
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Vila de Marracuene, EN1, Parcela N° 3943, Província de Maputo, Moçambique
| | - Raiana Scerni Machado
- Enterovirus Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Adilson Fernando Loforte Bauhofer
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Vila de Marracuene, EN1, Parcela N° 3943, Província de Maputo, Moçambique; Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorfélia José Chilaúle
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Vila de Marracuene, EN1, Parcela N° 3943, Província de Maputo, Moçambique
| | - Benilde Munlela
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Vila de Marracuene, EN1, Parcela N° 3943, Província de Maputo, Moçambique
| | - Esperança Guimarães
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Vila de Marracuene, EN1, Parcela N° 3943, Província de Maputo, Moçambique; Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Idalécia Cossa-Moiane
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Vila de Marracuene, EN1, Parcela N° 3943, Província de Maputo, Moçambique; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Júlia Sambo
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Vila de Marracuene, EN1, Parcela N° 3943, Província de Maputo, Moçambique; Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elda Anapakala
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Vila de Marracuene, EN1, Parcela N° 3943, Província de Maputo, Moçambique
| | - Marta Cassocera
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Vila de Marracuene, EN1, Parcela N° 3943, Província de Maputo, Moçambique; Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lena Coutinho-Manhique
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Vila de Marracuene, EN1, Parcela N° 3943, Província de Maputo, Moçambique
| | - Assucênio Chissaque
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Vila de Marracuene, EN1, Parcela N° 3943, Província de Maputo, Moçambique; Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jerónimo S Langa
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Vila de Marracuene, EN1, Parcela N° 3943, Província de Maputo, Moçambique
| | - Fernanda Burlandy
- Enterovirus Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Nilsa de Deus
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Vila de Marracuene, EN1, Parcela N° 3943, Província de Maputo, Moçambique
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Zhang M, Wu F, Liang M, Xian J, Zheng L, Li Q, Chen Q. Parechovirus A infection and risk of gastroenteritis in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2380. [PMID: 35822660 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Parechovirus A (PeV-A) belongs to the genus Parechovirus in the family Picornaviridae associated with gastroenteritis illness, particularly in children, but prior studies have produced ambiguous results. This study aimed to provide a systematic review of the PeV-A prevalence in paediatric patients with gastroenteritis and the association between PeV-A infection and the risk of gastroenteritis. A systematic search of the literature was conducted in Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, in combination with the reference lists of potentially relevant articles. A random effect-based model was applied to analyse data from included studies. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for assessing the risk between PeV-A and gastroenteritis. A total of 41 studies assessing 21,850 cases and 1746 healthy controls were analysed. The overall prevalence of PeV-A among paediatric patients with gastroenteritis was 10.4% (95% CI: 7.9%-13.2%), while it was estimated at 8.1% (95% CI: 5.1%-11.7%) based on studies only investigating children without gastroenteritis. The pooled OR for all eight case-control studies was 1.079 (95% CI: 0.730-1.597), indicating there was no statistically significant association. PeV-A genotype 1 was the most frequent genotype of PeV-A infection in children with gastroenteritis. The PeV-A prevalence in cases of gastroenteritis is higher than that in children without gastroenteritis. However, the present meta-analysis did not indicate a statistically significant association between PeV-A infection and risk of gastroenteritis. Given the considerable heterogeneity and various sample sizes among the included studies, relevant investigations in the future should be carried out based on a large-scale population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minyi Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juxian Xian
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liting Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiushuang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang XA, Zhao RQ, Chen JJ, Yuan Y, Tang X, Zhou ZW, Ren L, Lu QB, Wang YN, Zhang HY, Zhang PH, Fang LQ, Zhou HS, Liu EM, Xu HM, Liu W. The Identification and Genetic Characterization of Parechovirus Infection Among Pediatric Patients With Wide Clinical Spectrum in Chongqing, China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:709849. [PMID: 34594310 PMCID: PMC8477803 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.709849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human parechoviruses (HPeVs) are important causes of infection in children. However, without a comprehensive and persistent surveillance, the epidemiology and clinical features of HPeV infection remain ambiguous. We performed a hospital-based surveillance study among three groups of pediatric patients with acute respiratory infection (Group 1), acute diarrhea (Group 2), and hand, foot and mouth disease (Group 3) in Chongqing, China, from 2009 to 2015. Among 10,212 tested patients, 707 (6.92%) were positive for HPeV, with the positive rates differing significantly among three groups (Group 1, 3.43%; Group 2, 14.94%; Group 3, 3.55%; P < 0.001). The co-infection with other pathogens was detected in 75.2% (531/707) of HPeV-positive patients. Significant negative interaction between HPeV and Parainfluenza virus (PIV) (P = 0.046, OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.34–0.98) and positive interactions between HPeV and Enterovirus (EV) (P = 0.015, OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.23–4.73) were identified. Among 707 HPeV-positive patients, 592 (83.73%) were successfully sequenced, and 10 genotypes were identified, with HPeV1 (n = 396), HPeV4 (n = 86), and HPeV3 (n = 46) as the most frequently seen. The proportion of genotypes differed among three groups (P < 0.001), with HPeV1 and HPeV4 overrepresented in Group 2 and HPeV6 overrepresented in Group 3. The spatial patterns of HPeV genotypes disclosed more close clustering of the currently sequenced strains than those from other countries/regions, although they were indeed mixed. Three main genotypes (HPeV1, HPeV3, and HPeV4) had shown distinct seasonal peaks, highlighting a bi-annual cycle of all HpeV and two genotypes (HPeV 1 and HPeV 4) with peaks in odd-numbered years and with peaks in even-numbered years HPeV3. Significantly higher HPeV1 viral loads were associated with severe diarrhea in Group 2 (P = 0.044), while associated with HPeV single infection than HPeV-EV coinfection among HFMD patients (P = 0.001). It’s concluded that HPeV infection was correlated with wide clinical spectrum in pediatric patients with a high variety of genotypes determined. Still no clinical significance can be confirmed, which warranted more molecular surveillance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Qiu Zhao
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Tang
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Ren
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin-Bin Lu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Pan-He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Sheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - En-Mei Liu
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Mei Xu
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
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9
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Di Cristanziano V, Farowski F, Berrilli F, Santoro M, Di Cave D, Glé C, Daeumer M, Thielen A, Wirtz M, Kaiser R, Eberhardt KA, Vehreschild MJGT, D’Alfonso R. Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota Composition Associated to the Presence of Commensal and Pathogen Microorganisms in Côte d'Ivoire. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081763. [PMID: 34442844 PMCID: PMC8400437 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The human gut microbiota is a microbial ecosystem contributing to the maintenance of host health with functions related to immune and metabolic aspects. Relations between microbiota and enteric pathogens in sub-Saharan Africa are scarcely investigated. The present study explored gut microbiota composition associated to the presence of common enteric pathogens and commensal microorganisms, e.g., Blastocystis and Entamoeba species, in children and adults from semi-urban and non-urban localities in Côte d’Ivoire. Methods: Seventy-six stool samples were analyzed for microbiota composition by 16S rRDNA sequencing. The presence of adeno-, entero-, parechoviruses, bacterial and protozoal pathogens, Blastocystis, and commensal Entamoeba species, was analyzed by different molecular assays. Results: Twelve individuals resulted negative for any tested microorganisms, 64 subjects were positive for one or more microorganisms. Adenovirus, enterovirus, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and Blastocystis were frequently detected. Conclusions: The bacterial composition driven by Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae confirmed the biotype related to the traditional dietary and cooking practices in low-income countries. Clear separation in UniFrac distance in subjects co-harboring Entamoeba hartmanni and Blastocystis was evidenced. Alpha diversity variation in negative control group versus only Blastocystis positive suggested its possible regulatory contribution on intestinal microbiota. Pathogenic bacteria and virus did not affect the positive outcome of co-harbored Blastocystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Di Cristanziano
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (M.W.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-478-85828
| | - Fedja Farowski
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (F.F.); (M.J.G.T.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Federica Berrilli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (D.D.C.)
| | - Maristella Santoro
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (D.D.C.)
| | - David Di Cave
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (D.D.C.)
| | - Christophe Glé
- Centre Don Orione Pour Handicapés Physiques, Bonoua BP 21, Côte d’Ivoire; (C.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Martin Daeumer
- Seq-IT GmbH & Co KG, 67655 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (M.D.); (A.T.)
| | | | - Maike Wirtz
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Rolf Kaiser
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20359 Hamburg, Germany;
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria J. G. T. Vehreschild
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (F.F.); (M.J.G.T.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rossella D’Alfonso
- Centre Don Orione Pour Handicapés Physiques, Bonoua BP 21, Côte d’Ivoire; (C.G.); (R.D.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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10
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Wang CYT, Ware RS, Lambert SB, Mhango LP, Tozer S, Day R, Grimwood K, Bialasiewicz S. Parechovirus A Infections in Healthy Australian Children During the First 2 Years of Life: A Community-based Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 71:116-127. [PMID: 31406985 PMCID: PMC7108192 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hospital-based studies identify parechovirus (PeV), primarily PeV-A3, as an important cause of severe infections in young children. However, few community-based studies have been published and the true PeV infection burden is unknown. We investigated PeV epidemiology in healthy children participating in a community-based, longitudinal birth cohort study. Methods Australian children (n = 158) enrolled in the Observational Research in Childhood Infectious Diseases (ORChID) study were followed from birth until their second birthday. Weekly stool and nasal swabs and daily symptom diaries were collected. Swabs were tested for PeV by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and genotypes determined by subgenomic sequencing. Incidence rate, infection characteristics, clinical associations, and virus codetections were investigated. Results PeV was detected in 1423 of 11 124 (12.8%) and 17 of 8100 (0.2%) stool and nasal swabs, respectively. Major genotypes among the 306 infection episodes identified were PeV-A1 (47.9%), PeV-A6 (20.1%), and PeV-A3 (18.3%). The incidence rate was 144 episodes (95% confidence interval, 128–160) per 100 child-years. First infections appeared at a median age of 8 (interquartile range, 6.0–11.7) months. Annual seasonal peaks changing from PeV-A1 to PeV-A3 were observed. Infection was positively associated with age ≥6 months, summer season, nonexclusive breastfeeding at age <3 months, and formal childcare attendance before age 12 months. Sole PeV infections were either asymptomatic (38.4%) or mild (32.7%), while codetection with other viruses in stool swabs was common (64.4%). Conclusions In contrast with hospital-based studies, this study showed that diverse and dynamically changing PeV genotypes circulate in the community causing mild or subclinical infections in children. Parechovirus can cause severe illnesses in children. However, studies focus mainly on hospitalized populations. True disease burden in the community remains largely unknown. From our community-based cohort, we found diverse parechovirus genotypes in the community, causing mild or subclinical infections in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Y T Wang
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland Children's Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert S Ware
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Stephen B Lambert
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland Children's Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lebogang P Mhango
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland Children's Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah Tozer
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland Children's Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rebecca Day
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland Children's Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Keith Grimwood
- School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Departments of Infectious Diseases and Paediatrics, Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Seweryn Bialasiewicz
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland Children's Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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11
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Peng J, Cui Y, Xu S, Wu X, Huang Y, Zhou W, Wang S, Fu Z, Xie H. Altered glycolysis results in drug-resistant in clinical tumor therapy. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:369. [PMID: 33747225 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming, including increased glucose metabolism, fatty acid synthesis and glutamine metabolic rates. These enhancements to three major metabolic pathways are closely associated with glycolysis, which is considered the central component of cancer cell metabolism. Increasing evidence suggests that dysfunctional glycolysis is commonly associated with drug resistance in cancer treatment, and aberrant glycolysis plays a significant role in drug-resistant cancer cells. Studies on the development of drugs targeting these abnormalities have led to improvements in the efficacy of tumor treatment. The present review discusses the changes in glycolysis targets that cause drug resistance in cancer cells, including hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, glucose transporters, and lactate, as well the underlying molecular mechanisms and corresponding novel therapeutic strategies. In addition, the association between increased oxidative phosphorylation and drug resistance is introduced, which is caused by metabolic plasticity. Given that aberrant glycolysis has been identified as a common metabolic feature of drug-resistant tumor cells, targeting glycolysis may be a novel strategy to develop new drugs to benefit patients with drug-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Peng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shipeng Xu
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shui Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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12
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Kabuga AI, Nejati A, Soheili P, Shahmahmoodi S. Human parechovirus are emerging pathogens with broad spectrum of clinical syndromes in adults. J Med Virol 2020; 92:2911-2916. [PMID: 32761910 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parechoviruses are emerging pathogens of humans often affecting the pediatric age group, with a growing line of evidence implicating them as agents of a broad spectrum of clinical syndromes in adults. However, because many clinicians are not familiar with the manifestation of the infections, they are not included in the list of diagnostic pathogens. Furthermore, due to the indistinguishable feature of the infection compared with other common pathogens, a large number of cases are likely to go unchecked. Some may develop asymptomatic infection and recover without overt clinical disease. In this manuscript, we reviewed available literature on parechovirus infection in adult and summarized information relating to epidemiology, clinical manifestation, laboratory diagnosis, and therapeutics. The information provided should help in early case detection and support an evidence-based clinical decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auwal Idris Kabuga
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ahmad Nejati
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Soheili
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Shahmahmoodi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Gelaw A, Pietsch C, Tigabu Z, Liebert UG. Genotyping of enteroviruses and human parechoviruses highlights their diversity in Northwest Ethiopia. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3007-3015. [PMID: 32170868 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) and human parechoviruses (HPeVs) infections are associated with various forms of disease, including gastroenteritis. As information on the molecular epidemiology of these viruses is limited in Ethiopia, the genetic diversity of EV and HPeV was investigated in the Northwestern part of the country. Of the total 450 stool samples obtained from infants and young children with diarrhea, 157 (34.9%) were positive for EV and 49 (10.9%) for HPeV RNA when tested by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Genotyping was performed by sequencing of the EV VP1 gene and the HPeV VP3/VP1 gene, respectively. Genotyping of EV was successful in 118 samples. Thereof, 82 (69.5%) belonged to non-polio EVs as a broad range of genotypes within species C, B, and A. Sabin polioviruses were found in 36 cases. HPeV sequences were also heterogeneous with a relative dominance of genotype 3. In conclusion, diverse EV and HPeV genotypes were found cocirculating in Northwest Ethiopia. The findings highlight the importance of continuous surveillance of these viruses in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aschalew Gelaw
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Corinna Pietsch
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Zemene Tigabu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Uwe G Liebert
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Enteroviruses from Humans and Great Apes in the Republic of Congo: Recombination within Enterovirus C Serotypes. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111779. [PMID: 33202777 PMCID: PMC7709013 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are viruses of the family Picornaviridae that cause mild to severe infections in humans and in several animal species, including non-human primates (NHPs). We conducted a survey and characterization of enteroviruses circulating between humans and great apes in the Congo. Fecal samples (N = 24) of gorillas and chimpanzees living close to or distant from humans in three Congolese parks were collected, as well as from healthy humans (N = 38) living around and within these parks. Enteroviruses were detected in 29.4% of gorilla and 13.15% of human feces, including wild and human-habituated gorillas, local humans and eco-guards. Two identical strains were isolated from two humans coming from two remote regions. Their genomes were similar and all genes showed their close similarity to coxsackieviruses, except for the 3C, 3D and 5′-UTR regions, where they were most similar to poliovirus 1 and 2, suggesting recombination. Recombination events were found between these strains, poliovirus 1 and 2 and EV-C99. It is possible that the same EV-C species circulated in both humans and apes in different regions in the Congo, which must be confirmed in other investigations. In addition, other studies are needed to further investigate the circulation and genetic diversity of enteroviruses in the great ape population, to draw a definitive conclusion on the different species and types of enteroviruses circulating in the Republic of Congo.
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15
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Zhang M, Zhang Y, Hong M, Xiao J, Han Z, Song Y, Zhu S, Yan D, Yang Q, Xu W, Liu Z. Molecular typing and characterization of a novel genotype of EV-B93 isolated from Tibet, China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237652. [PMID: 32841272 PMCID: PMC7447049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
EV-B93 is a novel serotype within the Enterovirus B species and is uncommon worldwide. Currently, only one full-length genomic sequence (the prototype strain) has been deposited in the GenBank database. In this study, three EV-B93 were identified, including one from an acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) patient (named 99052/XZ/CHN/1999, hereafter XZ99052) and two from healthy children (named 99096/XZ/CHN/1999 and 99167/XZ/CHN/1999, hereafter XZ99096 and XZ99167, respectively) from Tibet in 1999 during the polio eradication program. The identity between the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the Tibet EV-B93 strain and the EV-B93 prototype strain is 83.2%–83.4% and 96.8%–96.9%, respectively. The Tibet EV-B93 strain was found to have greater nucleotide sequence identity in the P3 region to another enterovirus EV-B107 as per a phylogenetic tree analysis, which revealed that recombination occurred. Seroepidemiology data showed that EV-B93 has not produced an epidemic in Tibet and there may be susceptible individuals. The three Tibet EV-B93 strains are temperature-resistant with prognosticative virulence, suggesting the possibility of a potential large-scale outbreak of EV-B93. The analyzed EV-B93 strains enrich our knowledge about this serotype and provide valuable information on global EV-B93 molecular epidemiology. What is more, they permit the appraisal of the serotype's potential public health impact and aid in understanding the role of recombination events in the evolution of enteroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People’s Republic of China
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (ZL)
| | - Mei Hong
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinbo Xiao
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhi Han
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (ZL)
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16
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Rojjanadumrongkul K, Kumthip K, Khamrin P, Ukarapol N, Ushijima H, Maneekarn N. Enterovirus infections in pediatric patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2015-2018. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9645. [PMID: 32874779 PMCID: PMC7439955 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infection with viruses especially rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus has been known to be a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age globally, particularly in developing countries. Also, some genotypes of enteroviruses (EVs) have been reported to be associated with gastroenteritis. This study is aimed to investigate the prevalence and genotype diversity of EV in children admitted to hospitals with acute gastroenteritis. Methods A total of 1,736 fecal specimens were collected from children hospitalized with diarrhea in Chiang Mai, Thailand from 2015 to 2018. All specimens were tested for the presence of EV by RT-PCR of the 5' untranslated region. The genotypes of EV were further identified by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the viral protein 1 (VP1) gene. Results EV was detected in 154 out of 1,736 specimens (8.9%) throughout the study period. The prevalence of EV detected in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 was 7.2%, 9.0%, 11.2%, and 8.6%, respectively. EV was detected all year round with a high prevalence during rainy season in Thailand. Overall, 37 genotypes of EV were identified in this study. Among these, coxsackievirus (CV)-A24 and CV-B5 (7.5% each), and EV-C96 (6.8%) were the common genotypes detected. Conclusion This study demonstrates the prevalence, seasonal distribution, and genotype diversity of EV circulating in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during the period 2015 to 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kattareeya Kumthip
- Department of Microbiology, Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses Cluster, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattara Khamrin
- Department of Microbiology, Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses Cluster, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nuthapong Ukarapol
- Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses Cluster, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Pediatrics, Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Niwat Maneekarn
- Department of Microbiology, Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses Cluster, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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17
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Brouwer L, Benschop KS, Nguyen D, Kamau E, Pajkrt D, Simmonds P, Wolthers KC. Recombination Analysis of Non-Poliovirus Members of the Enterovirus C Species; Restriction of Recombination Events to Members of the Same 3DPol Cluster. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070706. [PMID: 32629843 PMCID: PMC7412211 DOI: 10.3390/v12070706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are highly prevalent viruses worldwide. Recombination is known to occur frequently in EVs belonging to species Enterovirus A, Enterovirus B, and Enterovirus C. Although many recombinant vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) strains have been reported, our knowledge on recombination in non-polio EVs in the species Enterovirus C is limited. Here, we combined a dataset consisting of 11 newly generated full-length Enterovirus C sequences and 180 publicly available sequences to study recombination dynamics in non-polio EVs. To identify recombination patterns, maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees of different genomic regions were constructed, and segregation analyses were performed. Recombination was observed between members of the same 3DPol cluster, but was rarely observed between members of different clusters. We hypothesize that this restriction may have arisen through their different compartmentalization in respiratory and enteric tracts related to differences in cellular tropisms so that the opportunity to recombine may not be available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke Brouwer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
| | - Kimberley S.M. Benschop
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; (D.N.); (E.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Everlyn Kamau
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; (D.N.); (E.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Dasja Pajkrt
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; (D.N.); (E.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Katja C. Wolthers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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18
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Zhirakovskaia E, Tikunov A, Babkin I, Tikunova N. Complete genome sequences of the first parechoviruses A associated with sporadic pediatric acute gastroenteritis in Russia. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 80:104214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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19
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Di Cristanziano V, Weimer K, Böttcher S, Sarfo FS, Dompreh A, Cesar LG, Knops E, Heger E, Wirtz M, Kaiser R, Norman B, Phillips RO, Feldt T, Eberhardt KA. Molecular Characterization and Clinical Description of Non-Polio Enteroviruses Detected in Stool Samples from HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Adults in Ghana. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020221. [PMID: 32079128 PMCID: PMC7077198 DOI: 10.3390/v12020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the post-polio eradication era, increasing attention is given to non-polio enteroviruses. Most of the data about enteroviruses in sub-Saharan Africa are related to acute flaccid paralysis surveillance and target the pediatric population. This study aimed to investigate the presence of enterovirus in PLHIV (people living with HIV) and HIV-negative individuals in Ghana. Stool samples from HIV-positive individuals (n = 250) and healthy blood donors (n = 102) attending the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, were screened by real-time PCR for enterovirus. Molecular typing of the VP1 region was performed. Enterovirus-positive samples were tested for norovirus, adenovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus, and cosaviruses. Twenty-six out of 250 HIV-positive subjects (10.4%) and 14 out of 102 HIV-negative individuals (13.7%) were detected enterovirus-positive, not showing a significant different infection rate between the two groups. HIV-negative individuals were infected with Enterovirus C strains only. HIV-positive participants were detected positive for species Enterovirus A, Enterovirus B, and Enterovirus C. Co-infections with other viral enteric pathogens were almost exclusively detected among HIV-positive participants. Overall, the present study provides the first data about enteroviruses within HIV-positive and HIV-negative adults living in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Di Cristanziano
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Kristina Weimer
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Sindy Böttcher
- National Reference Centre for Poliomyelitis and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Fred Stephen Sarfo
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (F.S.S.); (B.N.); (R.O.P.)
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi 00233, Ghana;
| | | | | | - Elena Knops
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Eva Heger
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Maike Wirtz
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Rolf Kaiser
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (V.D.C.); (K.W.); (E.K.); (E.H.); (M.W.); (R.K.)
| | - Betty Norman
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (F.S.S.); (B.N.); (R.O.P.)
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi 00233, Ghana;
| | - Richard Odame Phillips
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (F.S.S.); (B.N.); (R.O.P.)
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi 00233, Ghana;
- Kumasi Center for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi 00233, Ghana
| | - Torsten Feldt
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-428-180
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20
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Elling R, Böttcher S, du Bois F, Müller A, Prifert C, Weissbrich B, Hofmann J, Korn K, Eis-Hübinger AM, Hufnagel M, Panning M. Epidemiology of Human Parechovirus Type 3 Upsurge in 2 Hospitals, Freiburg, Germany, 2018. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:1384-1388. [PMID: 31211683 PMCID: PMC6590756 DOI: 10.3201/eid2507.190257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2018, a cluster of pediatric human parechovirus (HPeV) infections in 2 neighboring German hospitals was detected. Viral protein 1 sequence analysis demonstrated co-circulation of different HPeV-3 sublineages and of HPeV-1 and -5 strains, thereby excluding a nosocomial outbreak. Our findings underline the need for HPeV diagnostics and sequence analysis for outbreak investigations.
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21
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Tokak S, Özdemir M. İnsan parechoviruslarının özellikleri, epidemiyolojisi ve klinik önemi. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.528673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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22
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Luchs A, Leal E, Tardy K, Milagres FADP, Komninakis SV, Brustulin R, Teles MDAR, Lobato MCABS, das Chagas RT, Abrão MDFNDS, Soares CVDDA, Deng X, Delwart E, Sabino EC, da Costa AC. The rare enterovirus c99 and echovirus 29 strains in Brazil: potential risks associated to silent circulation. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2019; 114:e190160. [PMID: 31411312 PMCID: PMC6690645 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760190160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human enteroviruses (EVs) are associated with a wide spectrum of human diseases.
Here we report the complete genome sequences of one EV-C99 strain and one E29
strain obtained from children suffering from acute gastroenteritis, without
symptoms of enteroviral syndromes. This is the first report of EV-C99 in South
America, and the second E29 genome described worldwide. Continuous surveillance
on EVs is vital to provide further understanding of the circulation of new or
rare EV serotypes in the country. The present study also highlights the capacity
of EVs to remain in silent circulation in populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Luchs
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Virologia, Núcleo de Doenças Entéricas, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Elcio Leal
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Kaelan Tardy
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, LIM/46, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Flavio Augusto de Pádua Milagres
- Universidade Federal de Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brasil.,Laboratório de Saúde Pública do Estado de Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brasil.,Secretaria de Saúde de Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | - Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis
- Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Santo André, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Retrovirologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Rafael Brustulin
- Universidade Federal de Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brasil.,Laboratório de Saúde Pública do Estado de Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brasil.,Secretaria de Saúde de Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | | | | | - Rogério Togisaki das Chagas
- Laboratório de Saúde Pública do Estado de Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brasil.,Secretaria de Saúde de Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | | | | | - Xutao Deng
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, USA.,University of California San Francisco, Department Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Delwart
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, USA.,University of California San Francisco, Department Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, LIM/46, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Antonio Charlys da Costa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, LIM/46, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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23
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High frequency and diversity of parechovirus A in a cohort of Malawian children. Arch Virol 2019; 164:799-806. [PMID: 30666460 PMCID: PMC6394728 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-04131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parechoviruses (PeVs) are highly prevalent viruses worldwide. Over the last decades, several studies have been published on PeV epidemiology in Europe, Asia and North America, while information on other continents is lacking. The aim of this study was to describe PeV circulation in a cohort of children in Malawi, Africa. A total of 749 stool samples obtained from Malawian children aged 6 to 60 months were tested for the presence of PeV by real-time PCR. We performed typing by phylogenetic and Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis. PeV was found in 57% of stool samples. Age was significantly associated with PeV positivity (p = 0.01). Typing by phylogenetic analysis resulted in 15 different types, while BLAST typing resulted in 14 different types and several indeterminate strains. In total, six strains showed inconsistencies in typing between the two methods. One strain, P02-4058, remained untypable by all methods, but appeared to belong to the recently reclassified PeV-A19 genotype. PeV-A1, -A2 and -A3 were the most prevalent types (26.8%, 13.8% and 9.8%, respectively). Both the prevalence and genetic diversity found in our study were remarkably high. Our data provide an important contribution to the scarce data available on PeV epidemiology in Africa.
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24
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High frequency of Polio-like Enterovirus C strains with differential clustering of CVA-13 and EV-C99 subgenotypes in a cohort of Malawian children. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2645-2653. [PMID: 29808442 PMCID: PMC6132918 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are among the most commonly detected viruses infecting humans worldwide. Although the prevalence of EVs is widely studied, the status of EV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa remains largely unknown. The objective of our present study was therefore to increase our knowledge on EV circulation in sub-Saharan Africa. We obtained 749 fecal samples from a cross-sectional study conducted on Malawian children aged 6 to 60 months. We tested the samples for the presence of EVs using real time PCR, and typed the positive samples based on partial viral protein 1 (VP1) sequences. A large proportion of the samples was EV positive (89.9%). 12.9% of the typed samples belonged to EV species A (EV-A), 48.6% to species B (EV-B) and 38.5% to species C (EV-C). More than half of the EV-C strains (53%) belonged to subgroup C containing, among others, Poliovirus (PV) 1-3. The serotype most frequently isolated in our study was CVA-13, followed by EV-C99. The strains of CVA-13 showed a vast genetic diversity, possibly representing a new cluster, 'F'. The majority of the EV-C99 strains grouped together as cluster B. In conclusion, this study showed a vast circulation of EVs among Malawian children, with an EV prevalence of 89.9%. Identification of prevalences for species EV-C comparable to our study (38.5%) have only previously been reported in sub-Saharan Africa, and EV-C is rarely found outside of this region. The data found in this study are an important contribution to our current knowledge of EV epidemiology within sub-Saharan Africa.
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25
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Chen X, Shi T, Huang J, Xiao G, Huang J, Xiong Y, Li X, Chen H, Zheng X, Yu S, Chen Q. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of human parechovirus in individuals with acute diarrhea and healthy controls in Guangzhou, China. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1444-1452. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Tingli Shi
- Department of Hospital Infection Management; The Third People’s Hospital of Hainan Province; Sanya China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Division; Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Guangzhou China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Medical Laboratory; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yiquan Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiufen Li
- Department of Public Health; Shunde District Center for Disease Prevention and Control; Foshan China
| | - Huifang Chen
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control; Songgang Health Inspection and Prevention Institute; Shenzhen China
| | - Xueyan Zheng
- Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Division; Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Guangzhou China
- Institute of Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention; Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Guangzhou China
| | - Shouyi Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Qing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
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26
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Midgley CM, Jackson MA, Selvarangan R, Franklin P, Holzschuh EL, Lloyd J, Scaletta J, Straily A, Tubach S, Willingham A, Nix WA, Oberste MS, Harrison CJ, Hunt C, Turabelidze G, Gerber SI, Watson JT. Severe Parechovirus 3 Infections in Young Infants-Kansas and Missouri, 2014. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2018; 7:104-112. [PMID: 28369502 PMCID: PMC5712449 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/pix010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with parechovirus type 3 (PeV3) can cause severe neurologic and sepsis-like illness in young infants; clinical and epidemiologic descriptions have been limited. We aimed to characterize PeV3 illness and explore risk factors for acquisition in a cluster of neonatal cases at Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City, Missouri. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid specimens were obtained from infants aged <180 days who were hospitalized with sepsis-like illness or meningitis between June 1 and November 1, 2014. PeV-positive specimens were sequenced at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We reviewed the medical and birth charts of the infants and performed face-to-face parent interviews. We analyzed characteristics according to infant age and intensive care admission status. RESULTS We identified 35 cases of PeV infection in infants aged 5 to 56 days. Seven infants required intensive care (median age, 11 days vs 27 days among those who did not require intensive care; P = .0044). Six of these 7 infants had neurologic manifestations consistent with seizures, and all 6 of them were treated with acyclovir but subsequently tested negative for herpes simplex virus. Virus sequences formed 2 lineages, both of which were associated with severe illness. Half of the infants were reported to have household contacts who were ill during the week before onset. Infants aged ≤7 days at onset were more likely to have been delivered at the same hospital. CONCLUSIONS PeV3 can cause severe neurologic illness in neonates, and younger infants are more likely to require intensive care. PeV3 should be considered along with herpes simplex virus and other pathogens when evaluating young infants with sepsis-like illness or meningitis. More widespread testing for PeV3 would enable us to gain a better understanding of the clinical scope and circulation of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Midgley
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases,Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Patrick Franklin
- Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City
| | | | - Jennifer Lloyd
- Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City
| | | | - Anne Straily
- Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka
| | - Sheri Tubach
- Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka
| | | | - W. Allan Nix
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | - M. Steven Oberste
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | | | - Charles Hunt
- Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Topeka
| | | | - Susan I. Gerber
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | - John T. Watson
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
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27
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High diversity of human parechovirus including novel types in stool samples from Ghanaian children. J Clin Virol 2017; 96:116-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Adeniji JA, Oragwa AO, George UE, Ibok UI, Faleye TOC, Adewumi MO. Preponderance of enterovirus C in RD-L20B-cell-culture-negative stool samples from children diagnosed with acute flaccid paralysis in Nigeria. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3089-3101. [PMID: 28691129 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a reverse transcriptase semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-snPCR) assay was recommended by the WHO for direct detection of enteroviruses in clinical specimens. In this study, we use this assay and a modification thereof to screen acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) samples that had previously tested negative for enteroviruses by the RD-L20B algorithm. Thirty paired stool suspensions collected in 2015 as part of the national AFP surveillance program in different states of Nigeria were analyzed in this study. The samples had previously tested negative for enteroviruses in the polio laboratory in accordance with the WHO-recommended RD-L20B-cell-culture-based algorithm. Two samples that had previously been found to contain enteroviruses were included as positive controls. All samples were subjected to RNA extraction, the RT-snPCR assay and a modified version of the RT-snPCR. All amplicons were sequenced, and enteroviruses were identified using the enterovirus genotyping tool and phylogenetic analysis. Amplicons were recovered from the two controls and 50% (15/30) of the samples screened. Fourteen were successfully typed, of which, 7.1% (1/14), 21.4% (3/14), 64.3% (9/14) and 7.1% (1/14) were enterovirus (EV) -A, EV-B, EV-C and a mixture of EV-B and C (EV-C99 and E25), respectively. The two controls were identified as EV-C99 and coxsackievirus (CV) -A1, both of which belong to the species Enterovirus C. In one sample, poliovirus serotype 2 was detected and found to have the VP1 ILE143 variation and was therefore identified as a vaccine strain. The results of this study showed that significant proportion of enterovirus infections (including some with Sabin PV2) are being missed by the RD-L20B-cell-culture-based algorithm, thus highlighting the value of the RT-snPCR assay and its modifications. The circulation and preponderance of EV-C in Nigeria was also confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Adeniji
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
- WHO National Polio Laboratory, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - A O Oragwa
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - U E George
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - U I Ibok
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - T O C Faleye
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - M O Adewumi
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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29
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Human parechovirus type 3 infection: An emerging infection in neonates and young infants. J Infect Chemother 2017; 23:419-426. [PMID: 28511987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human parechoviruses (HPeVs) are RNA viruses that have characteristics similar to those of enteroviruses and usually cause mild respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. Human parechovirus type 3 (HPeV3), first reported in 2004, is exceptional because it can provoke sepsis and meningoencephalitis leading to neurological sequelae, and even death, in neonates and young infants. Pediatricians and researchers are increasingly aware that HPeV3 is responsible for serious disease in neonates and young infants. Retrospective studies and several reports of epidemics of HPeV3 infection have provided data on epidemiology, clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory findings, and outcomes. However, the pathogenesis of HPeV3 infection remains unclear, which explains the lack of specific antiviral therapy and effective prevention measures. Maternal antibodies are important in protection against severe HPeV3-related disease, and this may be a clue regarding its pathogenesis. HPeV3 epidemics are likely to continue, and because the clinical manifestations of HPeV3 are severe, determining the pathogenesis of HPeV3 infection and establishing specific antiviral therapies are important goals for future research.
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30
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Abstract
Human parechoviruses (HPeV) circulate worldwide, causing a broad variety of symptoms, preferentially in early childhood. We report here the nearly complete genome sequence of a novel HPeV type, consisting of 7,062 nucleotides and encoding 2,179 amino acids. M36/CI/2014 was taxonomically classified as HPeV-17 by the picornavirus study group.
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Laboratory Surveillance of Polio and Other Enteroviruses in High-Risk Populations and Environmental Samples. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.02872-16. [PMID: 28039136 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02872-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of poliomyelitis eradication, a reinforced supplementary laboratory surveillance of enteroviruses was implemented in Greece. Between 2008 and 2014, the Hellenic Polioviruses/Enteroviruses Reference Laboratory performed detailed supplementary surveillance of circulating enteroviruses among healthy individuals in high-risk population groups, among immigrants from countries in which poliovirus is endemic, and in environmental samples. In total, 722 stool samples and 179 sewage water samples were included in the study. No wild-type polioviruses were isolated during these 7 years of surveillance, although two imported vaccine polioviruses were detected. Enterovirus presence was recorded in 25.3 and 25.1% of stool and sewage water samples, respectively. Nonpolio enteroviruses isolated from stool samples belonged to species A, B, or C; coxsackievirus A24 was the most frequently identified serotype. Only enteroviruses of species B were identified in sewage water samples, including four serotypes of echoviruses and four serotypes of coxsackie B viruses. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close genetic relationships among virus isolates from sewage water samples and stool samples, which in most cases fell into the same cluster. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to compare enterovirus serotypes circulating in fecal specimens of healthy individuals and environmental samples, emphasizing the burden of enterovirus circulation in asymptomatic individuals at high risk. Given that Greece continues to receive a large number of short-term arrivals, students, migrants, and refugees from countries in which poliovirus is endemic, it is important to guarantee high-quality surveillance in order to maintain its polio-free status until global eradication is achieved.IMPORTANCE This article summarizes the results of supplementary poliovirus surveillance in Greece and the subsequent characterization of enteroviral circulation in human feces and the environment. The examination of stool samples from healthy refugees and other individuals in "high-risk" groups for poliovirus enables the identification of enterovirus cases and forms the basis for further investigation of the community-level risk of viral transmission. In addition, the examination of composite human fecal samples through environmental surveillance links poliovirus and nonpoliovirus isolates from unknown individuals to populations served by the sewage or wastewater system. Supplementary surveillance is necessary to comply with the prerequisites imposed by the World Health Organization for monitoring the emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses, reemergence of wild polioviruses, or disappearance of all vaccine-related strains in order for countries such as Greece to maintain their polio-free status and contribute to global poliovirus eradication.
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