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Hungwe FTT, Laycock KM, Ntereke TD, Mabaka R, Paganotti GM. A historical perspective on arboviruses of public health interest in Southern Africa. Pathog Glob Health 2024; 118:131-159. [PMID: 38082563 PMCID: PMC11141323 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2023.2290375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses are an existing and expanding threat globally, with the potential for causing devastating health and socioeconomic impacts. Mitigating this threat necessitates a One Health approach that integrates vector surveillance, rapid disease detection, and innovative prevention and control measures. In Southern Africa, limited data on the epidemiology of arboviruses, their vectors, and their hosts prevent an effective response. We reviewed the current knowledge on arboviruses in Southern Africa and identified opportunities for further research. A literature search was conducted to identify studies published on arboviruses in 10 tropical and temperate countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) from 1900 onward. We identified 280 studies, half (51.1%) originating from South Africa, that described 31 arboviral species, their vectors, and their clinical effects on hosts reported in the region. Arboviral research flourished in the SADC in the mid-20th century but then declined, before reemerging in the last two decades. Recent research consists largely of case reports describing outbreaks. Historical vector surveillance and serosurveys from the mid-20th century suggest that arboviruses are plentiful across Southern Africa, but large gaps remain in the current understanding of arboviral distribution, transmission dynamics, and public health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith T. T. Hungwe
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katherine M. Laycock
- The Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Rorisang Mabaka
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Giacomo M. Paganotti
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
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Dieng I, Balde D, Talla C, Camara D, Barry MA, Sagne SN, Gueye K, Dia CAKM, Sambe BS, Fall G, Sall AA, Faye O, Loucoubar C, Faye O. Molecular Evolution of Dengue Virus 3 in Senegal between 2009 and 2022: Dispersal Patterns and Implications for Prevention and Therapeutic Countermeasures. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1537. [PMID: 37896941 PMCID: PMC10610876 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is the most prevalent arboviral disease worldwide. Dengue virus (DENV), the etiological agent, is known to have been circulating in Senegal since 1970, though for a long time, virus epidemiology was restricted to the circulation of sylvatic DENV-2 in south-eastern Senegal (the Kedougou region). In 2009 a major shift was noticed with the first urban epidemic, which occurred in the Dakar region and was caused by DENV-3. Following the notification by Senegal, many other West African countries reported DENV-3 epidemics. Despite these notifications, there are scarce studies and data about the genetic diversity and molecular evolution of DENV-3 in West Africa. Using nanopore sequencing, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic approaches on historic strains and 36 newly sequenced strains, we studied the molecular evolution of DENV-3 in Senegal between 2009 and 2022. We then assessed the impact of the observed genetic diversity on the efficacy of preventive countermeasures and vaccination by mapping amino acid changes against vaccine strains. The results showed that the DENV-3 strains circulating in Senegal belong to genotype III, similarly to strains from other West African countries, while belonging to different clades. Phylogeographic analysis based on nearly complete genomes revealed three independent introduction events from Asia and Burkina Faso. Comparison of the amino acids in the CprM-E regions of genomes from the Senegalese strains against the vaccine strains revealed the presence of 22 substitutions (7 within the PrM and 15 within the E gene) when compared to CYD-3, while 23 changes were observed when compared to TV003 (6 within the PrM and 17 within the E gene). Within the E gene, most of the changes compared to the vaccine strains were located in the ED-III domain, which is known to be crucial in neutralizing antibody production. Altogether, these data give up-to-date insight into DENV-3 genomic evolution in Senegal which needs to be taken into account in future vaccination strategies. Additionally, they highlight the importance of the genomic epidemiology of emerging pathogens in Africa and call for the implementation of a pan-African network for genomic surveillance of dengue virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idrissa Dieng
- Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (D.B.); (D.C.); (G.F.); (A.A.S.); (O.F.); (O.F.)
| | - Diamilatou Balde
- Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (D.B.); (D.C.); (G.F.); (A.A.S.); (O.F.); (O.F.)
| | - Cheikh Talla
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (C.T.); (M.A.B.); (S.N.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Diogop Camara
- Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (D.B.); (D.C.); (G.F.); (A.A.S.); (O.F.); (O.F.)
| | - Mamadou Aliou Barry
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (C.T.); (M.A.B.); (S.N.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Samba Niang Sagne
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (C.T.); (M.A.B.); (S.N.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Khadim Gueye
- EMBL’s European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK;
| | - Cheikh Abdou Khadre Mbacké Dia
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science et Technics, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD), BP 5005 Fann, Dakar, Senegal; (C.A.K.M.D.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Babacar Souleymane Sambe
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science et Technics, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD), BP 5005 Fann, Dakar, Senegal; (C.A.K.M.D.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Gamou Fall
- Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (D.B.); (D.C.); (G.F.); (A.A.S.); (O.F.); (O.F.)
| | - Amadou Alpha Sall
- Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (D.B.); (D.C.); (G.F.); (A.A.S.); (O.F.); (O.F.)
| | - Ousmane Faye
- Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (D.B.); (D.C.); (G.F.); (A.A.S.); (O.F.); (O.F.)
| | - Cheikh Loucoubar
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (C.T.); (M.A.B.); (S.N.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Oumar Faye
- Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (D.B.); (D.C.); (G.F.); (A.A.S.); (O.F.); (O.F.)
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Yu X, Cheng G. Contribution of phylogenetics to understanding the evolution and epidemiology of dengue virus. Animal Model Exp Med 2022; 5:410-417. [PMID: 36245335 PMCID: PMC9610151 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is one of the most important arboviral pathogens in the tropics and subtropics, and nearly one‐third of the world's population is at risk of infection. The transmission of DENV involves a sylvatic cycle between nonhuman primates (NHP) and Aedes genus mosquitoes, and an endemic cycle between human hosts and predominantly Aedes aegypti. DENV belongs to the genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae and consists of four antigenically distinct serotypes (DENV‐1‐4). Phylogenetic analyses of DENV have revealed its origin, epidemiology, and the drivers that determine its molecular evolution in nature. This review discusses how phylogenetic research has improved our understanding of DENV evolution and how it affects viral ecology and improved our ability to analyze and predict future DENV emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
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Neto Z, Martinez PA, Hill SC, Jandondo D, Thézé J, Mirandela M, Aguiar RS, Xavier J, dos Santos Sebastião C, Cândido ALM, Vaz F, Castro GR, Paixão JP, Loman NJ, Lemey P, Pybus OG, Vasconcelos J, Faria NR, de Morais J. Molecular and genomic investigation of an urban outbreak of dengue virus serotype 2 in Angola, 2017-2019. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010255. [PMID: 35584153 PMCID: PMC9166355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transmission patterns and genetic diversity of dengue virus (DENV) circulating in Africa remain poorly understood. Circulation of the DENV serotype 1 (DENV1) in Angola was detected in 2013, while DENV serotype 2 (DENV2) was detected in 2018. Here, we report results from molecular and genomic investigations conducted at the Ministry of Health national reference laboratory (INIS) in Angola on suspected dengue cases detected between January 2017 and February 2019. METHODS A total of 401 serum samples from dengue suspected cases were collected in 13 of the 18 provinces in Angola. Of those, 351 samples had complete data for demographic and epidemiological analysis, including age, gender, province, type of residence, clinical symptoms, as well as dates of onset of symptoms and sample collection. RNA was extracted from residual samples and tested for DENV-RNA using two distinct real time RT-PCR protocols. On-site whole genome nanopore sequencing was performed on RT-PCR+ samples. Bayesian coalescent models were used to estimate date and origin of outbreak emergence, as well as population growth rates. RESULTS Molecular screening showed that 66 out of 351 (19%) suspected cases were DENV-RNA positive across 5 provinces in Angola. DENV RT-PCR+ cases were detected more frequently in urban sites compared to rural sites. Of the DENV RT-PCR+ cases most were collected within 6 days of symptom onset. 93% of infections were confirmed by serotype-specific RT-PCR as DENV2 and 1 case (1.4%) was confirmed as DENV1. Six CHIKV RT-PCR+ cases were also detected during the study period, including 1 co-infection of CHIKV with DENV1. Most cases (87%) were detected in Luanda during the rainy season between April and October. Symptoms associated with severe dengue were observed in 11 patients, including 2 with a fatal outcome. On-site nanopore genome sequencing followed by genetic analysis revealed an introduction of DENV2 Cosmopolitan genotype (also known as DENV2-II genotype) possibly from India in or around October 2015, at least 1 year before its detection in the country. Coalescent models suggest relatively moderately rapid epidemic growth rates and doubling times, and a moderate expansion of DENV2 in Angola during the studied period. CONCLUSION This study describes genomic, epidemiological and demographic characteristic of predominately urban transmission of DENV2 in Angola. We also find co-circulation of DENV2 with DENV1 and CHIKV and report several RT-PCR confirmed severe dengue cases in the country. Increasing dengue awareness in healthcare professional, expanding the monitorization of arboviral epidemics across the country, identifying most common mosquito breeding sites in urban settings, implementing innovative vector control interventions and dengue vaccination campaigns could help to reduce vector presence and DENV transmission in Angola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoraima Neto
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (INIS), Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola
| | - Pedro A. Martinez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (INIS), Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola
| | - Sarah C. Hill
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Domingos Jandondo
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (INIS), Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola
| | - Julien Thézé
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marinela Mirandela
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (INIS), Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola
| | - Renato Santana Aguiar
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Joilson Xavier
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Filipa Vaz
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (INIS), Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola
- World Health Organization Angola, Luanda, Angola
| | - Gisel Reyes Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (INIS), Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola
| | - Joana Paula Paixão
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (INIS), Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola
| | - Nicholas J. Loman
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oliver G. Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jocelyne Vasconcelos
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (INIS), Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola
| | - Nuno Rodrigues Faria
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, J-IDEA, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joana de Morais
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (INIS), Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola
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Adam A, Jassoy C. Epidemiology and Laboratory Diagnostics of Dengue, Yellow Fever, Zika, and Chikungunya Virus Infections in Africa. Pathogens 2021; 10:1324. [PMID: 34684274 PMCID: PMC8541377 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbovirus infections are widespread, and their disease burden has increased in the past decade. In Africa, arbovirus infections and fever with unknown etiology are common. Due to the lack of well-established epidemiologic surveillance systems and accurate differential diagnosis in most African countries, little is known about the prevalence of human arbovirus infections in Africa. The aim of this review is to summarize the available epidemiological data and diagnostic laboratory tools of infections with dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya viruses, all transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Studies indicate that these arboviral infections are endemic in most of Africa. Surveillance of the incidence and prevalence of the infections would enable medical doctors to improve the diagnostic accuracy in patients with typical symptoms. If possible, arboviral diagnostic tests should be added to the routine healthcare systems. Healthcare providers should be informed about the prevalent arboviral diseases to identify possible cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadalkareem Adam
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (C.J.); Tel.: +49-341-9714314 (C.J.); Fax: +49-341-9714309 (C.J.)
| | - Christian Jassoy
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Mwanyika GO, Mboera LEG, Rugarabamu S, Ngingo B, Sindato C, Lutwama JJ, Paweska JT, Misinzo G. Dengue Virus Infection and Associated Risk Factors in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Viruses 2021; 13:536. [PMID: 33804839 PMCID: PMC8063827 DOI: 10.3390/v13040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue contributes a significant burden on global public health and economies. In Africa, the burden of dengue virus (DENV) infection is not well described. This review was undertaken to determine the prevalence of dengue and associated risk factors. A literature search was done on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases to identify articles published between 1960 and 2020. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effect model at a 95% confidence interval, followed by subgroup meta-analysis to determine the overall prevalence. Between 1960 and 2020, 45 outbreaks were identified, of which 17 and 16 occurred in East and West Africa, respectively. Dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) and DENV-2 were the dominant serotypes contributing to 60% of the epidemics. Of 2211 cases reported between 2009 and 2020; 1954 (88.4%) were reported during outbreaks. Overall, the prevalence of dengue was 29% (95% CI: 20-39%) and 3% (95% CI: 1-5%) during the outbreak and non-outbreak periods, respectively. Old age (6/21 studies), lack of mosquito control (6/21), urban residence (4/21), climate change (3/21), and recent history of travel (3/21) were the leading risk factors. This review reports a high burden of dengue and increased risk of severe disease in Africa. Our findings provide useful information for clinical practice and health policy decisions to implement effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspary O. Mwanyika
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297 Morogoro, Tanzania; (G.O.M.); (L.E.G.M.); (S.R.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3015 Morogoro, Tanzania
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Mbeya University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131 Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Leonard E. G. Mboera
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297 Morogoro, Tanzania; (G.O.M.); (L.E.G.M.); (S.R.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
| | - Sima Rugarabamu
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297 Morogoro, Tanzania; (G.O.M.); (L.E.G.M.); (S.R.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3015 Morogoro, Tanzania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65595 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Baraka Ngingo
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297 Morogoro, Tanzania; (G.O.M.); (L.E.G.M.); (S.R.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
- Biology Department, St. John’s University of Tanzania, P.O. Box 47 Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Calvin Sindato
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297 Morogoro, Tanzania; (G.O.M.); (L.E.G.M.); (S.R.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
- Tabora Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 482 Tabora, Tanzania
| | - Julius J. Lutwama
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, P.O. Box 49 Entebbe, Uganda;
| | - Janusz T. Paweska
- National Health Laboratory Service, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, 2192 Johannesburg, South Africa;
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297 Morogoro, Tanzania; (G.O.M.); (L.E.G.M.); (S.R.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3015 Morogoro, Tanzania
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Hill SC, Neto de Vasconcelos J, Granja BG, Thézé J, Jandondo D, Neto Z, Mirandela M, Sebastião CDS, Cândido ALM, Clemente C, Pereira da Silva S, de Oliveira T, Pybus OG, Faria NR, Afonso JM. Early Genomic Detection of Cosmopolitan Genotype of Dengue Virus Serotype 2, Angola, 2018. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:784-787. [PMID: 30882320 PMCID: PMC6433006 DOI: 10.3201/eid2504.180958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We used portable genome sequencing to investigate reported dengue virus transmission in Angola. Our results show that autochthonous transmission of dengue serotype 2 (cosmopolitan genotype) occurred in January 2018.
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Nemg Simo FB, Sado Yousseu FB, Evouna Mbarga A, Bigna JJ, Melong A, Ntoude A, Kamgang B, Bouyne R, Moundipa Fewou P, Demanou M. Investigation of an Outbreak of Dengue Virus Serotype 1 in a Rural Area of Kribi, South Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study. Intervirology 2019; 61:265-271. [PMID: 31048588 DOI: 10.1159/000499465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND On May 2017, a case of dengue serotype 1 was detected and confirmed through routine surveillance in a traveler returning from Kribi, a seaside town of Southern Cameroon. This study aimed at confirming the circulation of dengue virus (DENV) in Southern Cameroon. METHODS A cross sectional study was carried out in Londji near Kribi from June 21-25, 2017, by a joint team of Centre Pasteur of Cameroon and the Department of Diseases, Epidemics and Pandemics Control. Blood samples of consented participants were collected and tested for anti-D ENV IgM using an IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA), and for the detection of Zika, dengue, or chikungunya viruses using Trioplex real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). DENV RNA-positive samples were serotyped using an end-point nested RT-PCR. RESULTS Ninety-one participants were enrolled, 50.55% (46/91) of them males. The mean age of the population was 30.71 years (±18.89). In total, 14.28% (13/91) of the participants had DENV infection (3 anti-DENV IgM positive and 10 DENV serotype 1 RT-PCR positive). CONCLUSION The detection of DENV serotype 1 in an autochthonous population during this survey is a confirmation that the seaside city of Kribi is a risk area for contracting dengue infection in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredy Brice Nemg Simo
- National Reference Laboratory for Chikungunya and Dengue, Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Francine Berlange Sado Yousseu
- National Reference Laboratory for Chikungunya and Dengue, Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Armel Evouna Mbarga
- Cameroon Field Epidemiology Training Program, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Joel Bigna
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Armel Melong
- Cameroon Field Epidemiology Training Program, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Anicet Ntoude
- Délégation régionale de la santé publique du Sud Cameroun, Ebolowa, Cameroon
| | - Basile Kamgang
- Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Raphael Bouyne
- Centre Médico-Social de l'Ambassade de France, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Paul Moundipa Fewou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Maurice Demanou
- National Reference Laboratory for Chikungunya and Dengue, Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon,
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Yousseu FBS, Nemg FBS, Ngouanet SA, Mekanda FMO, Demanou M. Detection and serotyping of dengue viruses in febrile patients consulting at the New-Bell District Hospital in Douala, Cameroon. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204143. [PMID: 30281633 PMCID: PMC6169880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses are a major public health problem worldwide and are predominantly present in intertropical areas. Chikungunya, dengue and zika viruses have been implicated in recent epidemics in Asia, America and Africa. In Cameroon, data on these viruses are fragmentary. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of detection of these three viruses in febrile patients in Douala, Cameroon. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted from March to April 2017 at the New-Bell District Hospital in Douala. Blood samples were collected from febrile patients and tested for malaria infections using Rapid Diagnostic test. Plasma harvested was later analyzed for the presence of chikungunya, dengue and zika viruses by a Trioplex real-time RT-PCR at Centre Pasteur of Cameroon. A total of 114 participants were included, of which 63.2% were females, reflecting a sex ratio (female/male) of 1.7. The median age was 26 years, range [0.25–81]. Eight (7%) of the 114 participants were infected with Dengue virus (DENV) among which 5 were identified as serotype 1. No cases of infection by either Zika virus or Chikungunya virus were detected. Three cases of dengue-malaria co-infection (13%) were recorded. No association was found between socio-demographic factors and dengue infection. The phylogenetic analysis of the partial envelope E gene showed that all the five DENV serotype 1 samples belonged to subtype V, similarly to strains from West African countries, particularly those from Nigeria, Senegal and Côte d’Ivoire. This study showed the circulation of DENV serotype 1 in febrile patients and raises the alarm for the establishment of a sustained surveillance system to detect cases and prevent potential outbreaks in Cameroon. The existence of dengue-malaria co-infections suggests that surveillance of arboviruses should not be limited to febrile, non-malarial cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Berlange Sado Yousseu
- Department of Virology, National Reference Laboratory for Chikungunya and Dengue, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon (CPC), Yaoundé, Centre, Cameroon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, West, Cameroon
| | - Fredy Brice Simo Nemg
- Department of Virology, National Reference Laboratory for Chikungunya and Dengue, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon (CPC), Yaoundé, Centre, Cameroon
| | | | - Franck Martin Obam Mekanda
- Department of Virology, National Reference Laboratory for Chikungunya and Dengue, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon (CPC), Yaoundé, Centre, Cameroon
| | - Maurice Demanou
- Department of Virology, National Reference Laboratory for Chikungunya and Dengue, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon (CPC), Yaoundé, Centre, Cameroon
- * E-mail:
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Pollett S, Melendrez MC, Maljkovic Berry I, Duchêne S, Salje H, Cummings DAT, Jarman RG. Understanding dengue virus evolution to support epidemic surveillance and counter-measure development. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 62:279-295. [PMID: 29704626 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) causes a profound burden of morbidity and mortality, and its global burden is rising due to the co-circulation of four divergent DENV serotypes in the ecological context of globalization, travel, climate change, urbanization, and expansion of the geographic range of the Ae.aegypti and Ae.albopictus vectors. Understanding DENV evolution offers valuable opportunities to enhance surveillance and response to DENV epidemics via advances in RNA virus sequencing, bioinformatics, phylogenetic and other computational biology methods. Here we provide a scoping overview of the evolution and molecular epidemiology of DENV and the range of ways that evolutionary analyses can be applied as a public health tool against this arboviral pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pollett
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Marie Bashir Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - M C Melendrez
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - I Maljkovic Berry
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - S Duchêne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - H Salje
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D A T Cummings
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; University of Florida, FL, USA
| | - R G Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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