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Okamoto K, Kadosawa K, Suzuki R, Aonuma E, Tomioka K, Yokono K, Oba K, Mori Y. Development of a real-time fluorescent reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay with quenching primers for rapid detection of rubella virus. J Virol Methods 2024; 327:114947. [PMID: 38703833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Rubella virus infection during early pregnancy sometimes causes severe birth defects termed congenital rubella syndrome. Although there are safe and effective live-attenuated vaccines, rubella has only been certified as eliminated in the Americas within the six World Health Organization regions. Rubella remains an endemic disease in many regions, and outbreaks occur wherever population immunity is insufficient. There are two main methods for diagnosis of rubella: detection of anti-rubella IgM antibodies by enzyme immunoassay and detection of the viral genome by real-time RT-PCR. Both of these methods require substantial time and effort. In the present study, a rapid rubella detection assay using real-time fluorescent reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification with quenching primers was developed. The time required for the new assay was one-half that required for a real-time RT-PCR assay. The assay had 93.6% positive percent agreement and 100% negative percent agreement for clinical specimens compared with the real-time RT-PCR assay. The new assay is considered useful for diagnosis of rubella in areas where rubella is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoko Okamoto
- Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
| | - Kazue Kadosawa
- Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Rieko Suzuki
- Division of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-1 Shimomachiya, Chigasaki, Kanagawa 253-0087, Japan
| | - Eri Aonuma
- Virus Group, Saitama Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 410-1 Ewai, Yoshimi-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama 355-0133, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tomioka
- Virus Group, Saitama Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 410-1 Ewai, Yoshimi-machi, Hiki-gun, Saitama 355-0133, Japan
| | - Kota Yokono
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Eiken Chemical Co. Ltd., 143 Nogi, Nogi-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Oba
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa General Hospital, 8-1-1 Hanakoganei, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshio Mori
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
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2
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Yagi M, Hama M, Ichii S, Nakashima Y, Kanbayashi D, Kurata T, Yusa K, Komano J. S phingomyelin synthase 1 supports two steps of rubella virus life cycle. iScience 2023; 26:108267. [PMID: 38026182 PMCID: PMC10654604 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms that govern the replication of the rubella virus (RV) in human cells is limited. To gain insight into the host-pathogen interaction, we conducted a loss-of-function screening using the CRISPR-Cas9 system in the human placenta-derived JAR cells. We identified sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SGMS1 or SMS1) as a susceptibility factor for RV infection. Genetic knockout of SGMS1 rendered JAR cells resistant to infection by RV. The re-introduction of SGMS1 restored cellular susceptibility to RV infection. The restricted step of RV infection was post-endocytosis processes associated with the endosomal acidification. In the late phase of the RV replication cycle, the maintenance of viral persistence was disrupted, partly due to the attenuated viral gene expression. Our results shed light on the unique regulation of RV replication by a host factor during the early and late phases of viral life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Yagi
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-1041, Japan
| | - Minami Hama
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-1041, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ichii
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-1041, Japan
| | - Yurie Nakashima
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-1041, Japan
| | - Daiki Kanbayashi
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, Morinomiya Center, 1-3-69, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Takako Kurata
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, Morinomiya Center, 1-3-69, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yusa
- Stem Cell Genetics, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jun Komano
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-1041, Japan
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3
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Kanbayashi D, Kurata T, Kaida A, Kubo H, Yamamoto SP, Egawa K, Hirai Y, Okada K, Kaida Y, Ikemori R, Yumisashi T, Ito A, Saito T, Yamaji Y, Nishino Y, Omori R, Mori H, Motomura K, Ikuta K. Shedding of rubella virus in postsymptomatic individuals; viral RNA load is a potential indicator to estimate candidate patients excreting infectious rubella virus. J Clin Virol 2023; 160:105377. [PMID: 36682339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the first isolation of rubella virus (RuV) in 1962, comprehensive data regarding the quantitative evaluation of RuV shedding remain unavailable. In this study, we evaluated the shedding of viral RNA and infectious virus in patients with acute RuV infection. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed 767 specimens, including serum/plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), throat swabs, and urine, obtained from 251 patients with rubella. The viral RNA load and the presence of infectious RuV were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and virus isolation. RESULTS Virus excretion peaked 0-2 days after rash onset and decreased over time. The median viral RNA load dropped to an undetectable level on day 3 after rash onset in serum/plasma, day 2 in PBMCs, days 10-13 in throat swabs, and days 6-7 in urine. Infectious virus could be isolated for up to day 2 after rash onset in serum/plasma, day 1 in PBMCs, days 8-9 in throat swabs, and days 4-5 in urine. The minimum viral RNA load that allowed virus isolation was 961 copies/mL in serum/plasma, 784 copies/mL in PBMCs, 650 copies/mL in throat swabs, and 304 copies/mL in urine. A higher viral RNA load indicated a higher likelihood of the presence of infectious virus. CONCLUSION These findings would contribute to improve algorithms for rubella surveillance and diagnosis. In addition, this study indicates that the results of RT-qPCR enable efficient rubella control by estimating candidate patients excreting infectious virus, which could help prevent viral transmission at an early stage and eliminate rubella ultimately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kanbayashi
- Division of Virology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan.
| | - Takako Kurata
- Division of Virology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaida
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 543-0026, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kubo
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 543-0026, Japan
| | - Seiji P Yamamoto
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 543-0026, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Egawa
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 543-0026, Japan
| | - Yuki Hirai
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 543-0026, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okada
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 543-0026, Japan
| | - Yuko Kaida
- Division of Virology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan
| | - Ryo Ikemori
- Division of Virology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yumisashi
- Division of Virology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan
| | - Ayami Ito
- Osaka City Public Health Bureau, Osaka City Health Center, Osaka, 545-0051, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Osaka City Public Health Bureau, Osaka City Health Center, Osaka, 545-0051, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yamaji
- Department of Public Health and Medical Affairs, Osaka Prefectural Government, Osaka, 540-8570, Japan
| | - Yuka Nishino
- Department of Public Health and Medical Affairs, Osaka Prefectural Government, Osaka, 540-8570, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Omori
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Haruyo Mori
- Division of Virology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan
| | - Kazushi Motomura
- Division of Virology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikuta
- Division of Virology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan; Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; BioAcademia Inc., Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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4
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Someya K, Okemoto-Nakamura Y, Kurata T, Kanbayashi D, Saito N, Itamochi M, Otsuki N, Hanada K, Takeda M. Establishment of measles virus receptor-expressing Vero cells lacking functional poliovirus receptors. Microbiol Immunol 2023; 67:166-170. [PMID: 36564197 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Global efforts are underway to eliminate measles and rubella, and active viral surveillance is the key to achieving this goal. In addition, the World Health Organization announced guidelines for handling materials potentially infectious for poliovirus (PV) to minimize the risk of PV reintroduction and to achieve PV eradication. To support global efforts, we established new PV-non-susceptible cell lines that are useful for the isolation of measles virus (MeV) and rubella virus (RuV) (Vero ΔPVR1/2 hSLAM+). In the cell lines, MeV and RuV replicated efficiently, with no concern regarding PV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Someya
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Global Specialized Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, The World Health Organization, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Okemoto-Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Noriko Saito
- Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Noriyuki Otsuki
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Global Specialized Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, The World Health Organization, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hanada
- Department of Quality Assurance and Radiological Protection, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Global Specialized Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, The World Health Organization, Tokyo, Japan
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Membrane Sphingomyelin in Host Cells Is Essential for Nucleocapsid Penetration into the Cytoplasm after Hemifusion during Rubella Virus Entry. mBio 2022; 13:e0169822. [PMID: 36346228 PMCID: PMC9765692 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01698-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid composition of the host cell membrane is one of the key determinants of the entry of enveloped viruses into cells. To elucidate the detailed mechanisms behind the cell entry of rubella virus (RuV), one of the enveloped viruses, we searched for host factors involved in such entry by using CRISPR/Cas9 genome-wide knockout screening, and we found sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SMS1), encoded by the SGMS1 gene, as a candidate. RuV growth was strictly suppressed in SGMS1-knockout cells and was completely recovered by the overexpression of enzymatically active SMS1 and partially recovered by that of SMS2, another member of the SMS family, but not by that of enzymatically inactive SMS1. An entry assay using pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus possessing RuV envelope proteins revealed that sphingomyelin generated by SMSs is crucial for at least RuV entry. In SGMS1-knockout cells, lipid mixing between the RuV envelope membrane and the membrane of host cells occurred, but entry of the RuV genome from the viral particles into the cytoplasm was strongly inhibited. This indicates that sphingomyelin produced by SMSs is essential for the formation of membrane pores after hemifusion occurs during RuV entry. IMPORTANCE Infection with rubella virus during pregnancy causes congenital rubella syndrome in infants. Despite its importance in public health, the detailed mechanisms of rubella virus cell entry have only recently become somewhat clearer. The E1 protein of rubella virus is classified as a class II fusion protein based on its structural similarity, but it has the unique feature that its activity is dependent on calcium ion binding in the fusion loops. In this study, we found another unique feature, as cellular sphingomyelin plays a critical role in the penetration of the nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm after hemifusion by rubella virus. This provides important insight into the entry mechanism of rubella virus. This study also presents a model of hemifusion arrest during cell entry by an intact virus, providing a useful tool for analyzing membrane fusion, a biologically important phenomenon.
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6
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Schulz H, Neale M, Zubach V, Severini A, Hiebert J. Development of a rapid, internally controlled, two target, real-time RT-PCR for detection of rubella virus. J Virol Methods 2022; 303:114500. [PMID: 35217102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rubella surveillance in elimination setting relies on rapid molecular detection of the virus. In this study a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of rubella virus was validated. The assay includes three independent probes with unique reporter dyes for the simultaneous detection of the rubella viral coding regions for envelope glycoprotein E1 and non-structural p150 protein, and an endogenous control (human RNaseP). Using dilution series of synthetic RNAs, the limits of detection were determined to be at least 50 copies of rubella RNA. The assay is reproducible with low intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation for both the E1 and the p150 targets. After testing 62 confirmed rubella positive and 165 rubella negative archival clinical samples, the sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex assay were 98.4 and 100%, respectively. No cross reactivity was identified with clinical specimens positive for eleven other viruses. This multiplex assay successfully detected nine viral genotypes including the predominant genotypes 1E, 1 G, 1 J, and 2B as well as the 1a vaccine genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Schulz
- Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, 745 Logan Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Postal Code R3E 3L5, Canada.
| | - Mackenzie Neale
- Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, 745 Logan Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Postal Code R3E 3L5, Canada.
| | - Vanessa Zubach
- Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, 745 Logan Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Postal Code R3E 3L5, Canada.
| | - Alberto Severini
- Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, 745 Logan Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Postal Code R3E 3L5, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Joanne Hiebert
- Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, 745 Logan Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Postal Code R3E 3L5, Canada.
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7
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Homayoonnia S, Lee Y, Andalib D, Rahman MS, Shin J, Kim K, Kim S. Micro/nanotechnology-inspired rapid diagnosis of respiratory infectious diseases. Biomed Eng Lett 2021; 11:335-365. [PMID: 34513114 PMCID: PMC8424173 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-021-00206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have suffered from a variety of infectious diseases since a long time ago, and now a new infectious disease called COVID-19 is prevalent worldwide. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to research of the effective methods of diagnosing respiratory infectious diseases, which are important to reduce infection rate and help the spread of diseases be controlled. The onset of COVID-19 has led to the further development of existing diagnostic methods such as polymerase chain reaction, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Furthermore, this has contributed to the further development of micro/nanotechnology-based diagnostic methods, which have advantages of high-throughput testing, effectiveness in terms of cost and space, and portability compared to conventional diagnosis methods. Micro/nanotechnology-based diagnostic methods can be largely classified into (1) nanomaterials-based, (2) micromaterials-based, and (3) micro/nanodevice-based. This review paper describes how micro/nanotechnologies have been exploited to diagnose respiratory infectious diseases in each section. The research and development of micro/nanotechnology-based diagnostics should be further explored and advanced as new infectious diseases continue to emerge. Only a handful of micro/nanotechnology-based diagnostic methods has been commercialized so far and there still are opportunities to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Homayoonnia
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Yoonjung Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Daniyal Andalib
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Md Sazzadur Rahman
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Jaemyung Shin
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Keekyoung Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Seonghwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
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8
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Yu Y, Li R, Ma Z, Han M, Zhang S, Zhang M, Qiu Y. Development and evaluation of a novel loop mediated isothermal amplification coupled with TaqMan probe assay for detection of genetically modified organism with NOS terminator. Food Chem 2021; 356:129684. [PMID: 33812194 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aim to develop a novel loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) coupled with TaqMan (LAMP-TaqMan) method for quick qualitative detection of genetically modified organism (GMOs). We designed four LAMP primers and one TaqMan probe for the LAMP-TaqMan detection method to detect the nopaline synthase gene (NOS) terminator in GMOs. This assay enabled the amplification of DNA within ~20 min at a constant temperature of 65 °C. This assay detected as few as five copies of target sequences, which had a high specificity similar to the TaqMan qPCR method. Furthermore, the LAMP-TaqMan detection method was successfully used to amplify and detect DNA from food samples of the major crops (soybean, maize, rice, etc.). In summary, a novel LAMP-TaqMan assay has been developed, which has the similar sensitivity but takes less time than the TaqMan qPCR method. This method offers a novel approach for rapid detection of GMOs in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Yu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zonghua Ma
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Meihong Han
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Nanhuan Road 1, Jingzhou 434020, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Nanhuan Road 1, Jingzhou 434020, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, Harbin 150030, China; College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Nanhuan Road 1, Jingzhou 434020, China.
| | - Youwen Qiu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, Harbin 150030, China.
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9
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Fortuny LR, Cabler SS, Hunstad DA, Yarbrough ML. Blueberry Muffin Rash, Bilateral Cataracts, and Thrombocytopenia in a Neonate. Clin Chem 2021; 67:472-475. [PMID: 33674845 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisandro R Fortuny
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Stephanie S Cabler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - David A Hunstad
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Melanie L Yarbrough
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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10
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Nomoto H, Ishikane M, Nakamoto T, Ohta M, Morioka S, Yamamoto K, Kutsuna S, Tezuka S, Kunimatsu J, Ohmagari N. Conjunctivitis, the key clinical characteristic of adult rubella in Japan during two large outbreaks, 2012-2013 and 2018-2019. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231966. [PMID: 32330153 PMCID: PMC7182207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rubella virus infection mainly causes illness with mild fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy in children; however, the clinical characteristics of adult rubella are not well-known. Methods An observational study was conducted to compare the characteristics between adult rubella and adult non-rubella among participants aged ≥18 years, with suspected symptomatic rubella. Participants were screened for rubella-specific IgM expression using an enzyme immune assay kit, at a tertiary care hospital in Japan during two outbreaks (January 2012–December 2013 and January 2018–March 2019). Adult rubella diagnosis followed strong positive or paired rubella-specific IgM expression or positive rubella-specific reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Patients aged <18 years or with clinically suspected rubella with weak or negative IgM expression were excluded. Results Overall, 82 adult rubella and 139 adult non-rubella, with a median age (interquartile range) of 31 (25–41) years and 34 (27–42) years, respectively, were included. Multivariate analysis showed that conjunctivitis (odds ratio 80.6; 95% confidence interval 13.4–486.3; P <0.001) and male sex (odds ratio 7.1; 95% confidence interval 1.8–28.1; P = 0.005) were significantly associated with adult rubella. Among men born from 1962 to 1979 (high-risk population, n = 68), conjunctivitis also showed a significant association with adult rubella in the multivariate analysis (odds ratio 24.2; 95% confidence interval 1.1–553.7; P = 0.046) as these patients were not included in the national vaccination program. There was no difference in the clinical characteristics between one-time vaccination (n = 11) and no vaccination (n = 8) patient in the adult rubella group. Conclusions Conjunctivitis was the key clinical symptom associated with adult rubella. For the early diagnosis of adult rubella, clinicians should focus on assessing conjunctivitis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Nomoto
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Collaborative Chairs Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai city, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ishikane
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takato Nakamoto
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohta
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Morioka
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kutsuna
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tezuka
- Laboratory testing department, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junwa Kunimatsu
- Department of General Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Collaborative Chairs Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai city, Miyagi, Japan
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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S1 guidelines "lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid analysis" (abridged and translated version). Neurol Res Pract 2020; 2:8. [PMID: 33324914 PMCID: PMC7650145 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-020-0051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is important for detecting inflammation of the nervous system and the meninges, bleeding in the area of the subarachnoid space that may not be visualized by imaging, and the spread of malignant diseases to the CSF space. In the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, the importance of CSF analysis is increasing. Measuring the opening pressure of CSF in idiopathic intracranial hypertension and at spinal tap in normal pressure hydrocephalus constitute diagnostic examination procedures with therapeutic benefits.Recommendations (most important 3-5 recommendations on a glimpse): The indications and contraindications must be checked before lumbar puncture (LP) is performed, and sampling CSF requires the consent of the patient.Puncture with an atraumatic needle is associated with a lower incidence of postpuncture discomfort. The frequency of postpuncture syndrome correlates inversely with age and body mass index, and it is more common in women and patients with a history of headache. The sharp needle is preferably used in older or obese patients, also in punctures expected to be difficult.In order to avoid repeating LP, a sufficient quantity of CSF (at least 10 ml) should be collected. The CSF sample and the serum sample taken at the same time should be sent to a specialized laboratory immediately so that the emergency and basic CSF analysis program can be carried out within 2 h.The indication for LP in anticoagulant therapy should always be decided on an individual basis. The risk of interrupting anticoagulant therapy must be weighed against the increased bleeding risk of LP with anticoagulant therapy.As a quality assurance measure in CSF analysis, it is recommended that all cytological, clinical-chemical, and microbiological findings are combined in an integrated summary report and evaluated by an expert in CSF analysis. Conclusions In view of the importance and developments in CSF analysis, the S1 guideline "Lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid analysis" was recently prepared by the German Society for CSF analysis and clinical neurochemistry (DGLN) and published in German in accordance with the guidelines of the AWMF (https://www.awmf.org). /uploads/tx_szleitlinien/030-141l_S1_Lumbalpunktion_und_Liquordiagnostik_2019-08.pdf). The present article is an abridged translation of the above cited guideline. The guideline has been jointly edited by the DGLN and DGN.
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Kanbayashi D, Kurata T, Nishino Y, Orii F, Takii Y, Kinoshita M, Ohara T, Motomura K, Yumisashi T. Rubella Virus Genotype 1E in Travelers Returning to Japan from Indonesia, 2017. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:1763-1765. [PMID: 30124420 PMCID: PMC6106410 DOI: 10.3201/eid2409.180621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rubella is epidemic in Indonesia, the phylogenetic profile of circulating rubella virus strains has not been clarified. In 2017, rubella virus was detected in 2 travelers who returned from Indonesia to Japan. These strains were classified into genotype 1E lineage 2, which may be an indigenous strain in Indonesia.
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Zhang W, Cui S, Cheng XL, Wei F, Ma S. An optimized TaqMan real-time PCR method for authentication of ASINI CORII COLLA (donkey-hide gelatin). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 170:196-203. [PMID: 30928895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, probe/primers of high specificity and sensitivity were selected to analyze donkey-hide gelatin for donkey DNA and to look for horse, ox, and pig DNA as possible adulterants. The mitochondrial CO I genes in donkey, horse, and ox were selected as target sequences for design and synthesis of three pairs of specific probes and primers. In addition, eight pairs of probe/primers were obtained via literature search. Out of these eleven groups of probe/primers, those with the highest specificity and sensitivity were selected, which was fulfilled by the screening firstly with animal hide samples then the hide-glue samples. Other parameters that might affect detection specificity and efficiency-such as the amount of sampling and final concentration of primers-were also optimized. Replication tests were also conducted. The results showed that the selected probe/primers could accurately detect donkey DNA and horse, ox, and pig DNA in gelatin samples with good reproducibility. Analysis of four samples of on-market gelatin using this assay showed that two of the four samples indeed contained only donkey DNA, whereas the other two samples contained both donkey and horse DNA, indicating adulteration of these samples with horse hide. These results indicate that the TaqMan probe real-time PCR method can be used for identifying the purity of donkey DNA in gelatin samples, and can provide technical support for identifying adulterations in the gelatin market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NO. 2, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Shenghui Cui
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NO. 2, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Xian-Long Cheng
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NO. 2, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Feng Wei
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NO. 2, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NO. 2, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
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Kanbayashi D, Kurata T, Takahashi K, Kase T, Komano J. A novel cell-based high throughput assay to determine neutralizing antibody titers against circulating strains of rubella virus. J Virol Methods 2017; 252:86-93. [PMID: 29191395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A large rubella outbreak occurred in Japan 2013, and 14,344 rubella and 45 congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) cases were reported. At that time, the populational immunity was above the protective threshold assessed by hemmaglutination inhibition (HI) titer. The genotype 2B rubella virus (RV) strains were responsible for the outbreak, which are non-indigenous in Japan. In this work, a cell-based high throughput assay was established to measure the neutralizing antibody (NA) titer against circulating RV isolates. RV infection poorly induces cytopathic effects in tissue culture, preventing the casual measurement of NA titer. Our assay system has overcome this hurdle. Using this assay, we re-evaluated the antibody prevalence rate against circulating viral isolates using human sera collected before the outbreak. Individuals with protective IgG titer (≥10 IU/ml) represented 88.1% of the population. Consistently, 85.2% of the population had protective neutralizing antibody titers (≥1:8) against the vaccine strain. In contrast, 50.5% of the population had protective neutralizing antibody titers against circulating genotype 2B RV strains. These data suggest that the herd immunity assessed by HI titer should have been appreciated deliberately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kanbayashi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, Osaka Institute of Public Health, 3-69, Nakamichi, 1-chome, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan.
| | - Takako Kurata
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, Osaka Institute of Public Health, 3-69, Nakamichi, 1-chome, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Takahashi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, Osaka Institute of Public Health, 3-69, Nakamichi, 1-chome, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Kase
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, Osaka Institute of Public Health, 3-69, Nakamichi, 1-chome, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan.
| | - Jun Komano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology Division, Osaka Institute of Public Health, 3-69, Nakamichi, 1-chome, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya Medical Center, 1-1 4-chome, Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan.
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Dilemmas and Pitfalls in Rubella Laboratory Diagnostics in Low Prevalence or Elimination Settings. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40506-016-0090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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