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Ye H, Zhang S, Zhang K, Li Y, Chen D, Tan Y, Liang L, Liu M, Liang J, An S, Wu J, Zhu X, Li M, He Z. Epidemiology, genetic characteristics, and association with meteorological factors of human metapneumovirus infection in children in southern China: A 10-year retrospective study. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 137:40-47. [PMID: 37816430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the epidemiological and genetic features of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection in children in southern China, and the effect of meteorological factors on infection. METHODS 14,817 children (≤14 years) with acute respiratory tract infections from 2010 to 2019 were examined for HMPV and other respiratory viruses by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Full-length F gene of 54 positive samples were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The correlation between the HMPV-positive rate and meteorological factors was analyzed by linear regression analysis. RESULTS HMPV was detected in 524 (3.5%) children, who were mostly younger than 1 year. The seasonal peak of HMPV prevalence mainly occurred in spring. Respiratory syncytial virus was the most common virus coinfected with HMPV (5.3%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the sequenced HMPV strains belonged to four sublineages, including A2b (1.9%), A2c (31.5%), B1 (50.0%), and B2 (16.7%). After adjusting for all meteorological factors, sunshine duration was inversely correlated with the HMPV-positive rate. CONCLUSION HMPV is an important respiratory pathogen that causes acute respiratory tract infections in children in southern China, particularly in children ≤5 years old. The prevalence peak of HMPV in this area appeared in spring, and the predominant subtype was B1. Meteorological factors, especially long sunshine duration, might decrease the HMPV prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengming Ye
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Public Health Service Center of Bao'an District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhe Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Delin Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyao Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyue Liang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Liu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyao Liang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu An
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jueheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjian He
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
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Chen J, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Huang Y. Ambient Temperature Is an Independent Risk Factor for Acute Tonsillitis Incidence. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2023; 102:NP40-NP45. [PMID: 33393820 DOI: 10.1177/0145561320984573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute tonsillitis is a common disease in otorhinolaryngology. Meteorological factors can affect the incidence of many infectious diseases. This study aims to analyze the correlation between acute tonsillitis and meteorological conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected the meteorological data, including daily temperature, humidity, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) of Shanghai, China, from 2014 to 2015. The monthly number of acute tonsillitis cases in our hospital was also calculated and used as the outcome variable. The associations between them were evaluated, respectively. RESULTS The average number of patients diagnosed with acute tonsillitis in our hospital per month was 68.67 ± 18.67 from 2014 to 2015. The average temperature, humidity, and PM2.5 of Shanghai during the defined period was 16.84 °C ± 7.80 °C, 75.93% ± 5.45%, and 52.38 ± 14.23 μg/m3, respectively. The temperature was significantly positively associated with the acute tonsillitis cases number both in Pearson correlation analysis (R = 0.423, P = .039) and in multivariate regression analysis (coefficient =2.194, P = .012). However, no correlation between the acute tonsillitis cases number and relative humidity or PM2.5 was found through a multivariate regression model (P = .225 and P = .243), respectively. CONCLUSION The high temperature was associated with an increased incidence of acute tonsillitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shanghai Central Meteorological Observatory, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingfang Jiang
- Nursing Department, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Huang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Proesmans M, Rector A, Keyaerts E, Vandendijck Y, Vermeulen F, Sauer K, Reynders M, Verschelde A, Laffut W, Garmyn K, Fleischhackl R, Bollekens J, Ispas G. Risk factors for disease severity and increased medical resource utilization in respiratory syncytial virus (+) hospitalized children: A descriptive study conducted in four Belgian hospitals. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268532. [PMID: 35666728 PMCID: PMC9170098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to provide regional data on clinical symptoms, medical resource utilization (MRU), and risk factors for increased MRU in hospitalized respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected Belgian pediatric population. Methods This prospective, multicenter study enrolled RSV (+) hospitalized children (aged ≤5y) during the 2013–2015 RSV seasons. RSV was diagnosed within 24h of hospitalization. Disease severity of RSV (+) patients was assessed until discharge or up to maximum six days using a Physical Examination Score (PES) and a derived score based on ability to feed, dyspnea and respiratory effort (PES3). MRU (concomitant medications, length of hospitalization [LOH], and oxygen supplementation) was evaluated. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to compare MRU by age and presence of risk factors for severe disease. Association between baseline covariates and MRU was analyzed using Cox regression models. Results In total, 75 children were included, Median (range) age was 4 (0–41) months, risk factors were present in 18.7%, and early hospitalization (≤3 days of symptom onset) was observed in 57.3% of patients. Cough (100%), feeding problems (82.2%), nasal discharge (87.8%), and rales and rhonchi (82.2%) were frequently observed. Median (range) LOH and oxygen supplementation was 5 (2–7) and 3 (1–7) days. Oxygen supplementation, bronchodilators, and antibiotics were administered to 58.7%, 64.0%, and 41.3% of the patients, respectively. Age <3 months and baseline total PES3 score were associated with probability and the duration of receiving oxygen supplementation. LOH was not associated with any covariate. Conclusion RSV is associated with high disease burden and MRU in hospitalized children. Oxygen supplementation but not length of hospitalization was associated with very young age and the PES3 score. These results warrant further assessment of the PES3 score as a predictor for the probability of receiving and length of oxygen supplementation in RSV hospitalized children. Registration NCT02133092
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke Proesmans
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annabel Rector
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Keyaerts
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Kate Sauer
- Department of Pediatrics, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge—Oostende, Campus Brugge, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Marijke Reynders
- Department of Microbiology, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge—Oostende, Campus Brugge, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Ann Verschelde
- Department of Pediatrics, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge–Oostende, Campus Henri Serruys, Oostende, Belgium
| | - Wim Laffut
- Department of Microbiology, Heilig-Hartziekenhuis, Lier, Belgium
| | - Kristien Garmyn
- Department of Pediatrics, Heilig-Hartziekenhuis, Lier, Belgium
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Incidence and risk factors of hospitalisations for respiratory syncytial virus among children aged less than two years. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:e45. [PMID: 35105415 PMCID: PMC8895720 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aim was to examine the incidence and risk factors of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis hospitalisations and disease severity among infants. We compared demographic and health characteristics of children aged 0–23 hospitalised for RSV bronchiolitis (cases, n = 1227) during 2008–2018 and control children (n = 554) of the same age admitted for non-respiratory disease. RSV antigen was detected in nasal swabs by immunochromatography. Multiple logistic regression models were applied. The average annual incidence of hospitalisation for RSV bronchiolitis was 12.6 per 1000 and 1.7 per 1000 (P < 0.001) among infants and toddlers, respectively, with winter seasonality (November–March). The risk of hospitalisation for RSV bronchiolitis increased among children aged 0–5 months (OR 7.66; 95% CI 5.61–10.45) and 6–11 months (OR 12.88, 95% CI 8.48–19.55), compared to those aged 12–23 months. Additional risk factors were living in low vs. higher socio-economic status towns (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.14–1.95), having chronic medical conditions (OR 2.75; 95% CI 1.61–4.70), birth month (October–January vs. June–September) (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.60–2.99) and history of stay in neonatal intensive care unit at birth (OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.27–4.41). Male children and those who had pneumonia were more likely to have severe RSV bronchiolitis. In conclusion, the burden of hospitalisations for RSV bronchiolitis is high, especially in young infants. Effective preventive measures such as RSV active vaccines can reduce the risk of hospitalisations for RSV bronchiolitis among these vulnerable groups.
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Jia S, She W, Pi Z, Niu B, Zhang J, Lin X, Xu M, She W, Liao J. Effectiveness of cascading time series models based on meteorological factors in improving health risk prediction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:9944-9956. [PMID: 34510340 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Meteorological factors, which are periodic and regular in a long run, have an unignorable impact on human health. Accurate health risk prediction based on meteorological factors is essential for optimal allocation of resource in healthcare units. However, due to the non-stationary and non-linear nature of the original hospitalization sequence, traditional methods are less robust in predicting it. This study aims to investigate hospital admission prediction models using time series pre-processing algorithms and deep learning approach based on meteorological factors. Using the electronic medical record data from Panyu Central Hospital and meteorological data of Panyu district from 2003 to 2019, 46,089 eligible patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and four meteorological factors were identified to build and evaluate the prediction models. A novel hybrid model, Cascade GAM-CEEMDAN-LSTM Model (CGCLM), was established in combination with generalized additive model (GAM), complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), and long-short term memory (LSTM) networks for predicting daily admissions of patients with LRTIs. The experimental results show that CGCLM multistep method proposed in this paper outperforms single LSTM model in the prediction of health risk time series at different time window sizes. Moreover, our results also indicate that CGCLM has the best prediction performance when the time window is set to 61 days (RMSE = 1.12, MAE = 0.87, R2 = 0.93). Adequate extraction of exposure-response relationships between meteorological factors and diseases and suitable handling of sequence pre-processing have an important role in time series prediction. This hybrid climate-based model for predicting LRTIs disease can also be extended to time series prediction of other epidemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuopeng Jia
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, 211198, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weibin She
- Medical Affairs, Science and Education Department, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, #3 Sanyou South Road, Chancheng District, Foshan, Guangdong Province, 52800, China
| | - Zhipeng Pi
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China
| | - Buying Niu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Meteorological Bureau of Panyu District, #5 Landscape Avenue, Hengjiang village, Shatou Street, Panyu District, 511400, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xihan Lin
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, 211198, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingjun Xu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, 211198, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiya She
- Meteorological Bureau of Panyu District, #5 Landscape Avenue, Hengjiang village, Shatou Street, Panyu District, 511400, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Liao
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China.
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Wani MA, Mishra AK, Sharma S, Mayer IA, Ahmad M. Source profiling of air pollution and its association with acute respiratory infections in the Himalayan-bound region of India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:68600-68614. [PMID: 34275076 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The studies related to air pollutants and their association with human health over the mountainous region are of utmost importance and are sparse especially over the Himalayan region of India. The linkages between various atmospheric variables and clinically validated data have been done using various datasets procured from satellite, model reanalysis, and surface observations during 2013-2017. Aerosol optical depth, air temperature, and wind speed are significantly related (p < 0.001) to the incidence of acute respiratory infections with its peak during winter. Model-derived particulate matter (PM2.5) shows high contributions of black carbon, organic carbon, and sulfate during winter. The wind roses show the passage of winds from the south-west and southern side of the region. Back trajectory density plot along with bivariate polar plot analyses have shown that most of the winds coming from the western side are taking a southward direction before reaching the study area and may be bringing pollutants from the Indo-Gangetic Plain and other surrounding regions. Our study shows that the accumulation of pollutants in the Himalayan valley is owing to the meteorological stability with significant local emissions from burning of biomass and biofuels along with long-range and mid-range transport during the winter season that significantly correlated with the incidence of acute respiratory infections in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor A Wani
- Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
| | - Amit K Mishra
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Saloni Sharma
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ishtiaq A Mayer
- Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Mukhtar Ahmad
- Indian Meteorological Department, Rambagh, Srinagar, India
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Friedrich F, Ongaratto R, Scotta MC, Veras TN, Stein RT, Lumertz MS, Jones MH, Comaru T, Pinto LA. Early Impact of Social Distancing in Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Hospitalizations for Acute Bronchiolitis in Infants in Brazil. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:2071-2075. [PMID: 32986818 PMCID: PMC7543304 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interventions to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic may affect the burden of other respiratory diseases. Considering the repercussion of these unique social experiences in infant’s health, this study aims to assess the early impact of social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic in hospital admissions for acute bronchiolitis. Methods Data from hospitalizations of acute bronchiolitis in infants under one year were obtained from the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Public Health database (DATASUS) for the period between 2016 and 2020. These data were also analyzed by macro-regions of Brazil (North, Northeast, Southeast, South and Midwest). To evaluate the effect of social distancing strategy on the incidence of acute bronchiolitis, the absolute and relative reduction was calculated by analyzing the yearly subsets of 2016vs2020, 2017vs2020, 2018vs2020, and 2019vs2020. Results There was a significant reduction in all comparisons, ranging from -78% [IRR 0.22 (0.20 to 0.24)] in 2016vs2020 at -85% [IRR 0.15 (0.13 to 0.16)] in 2019vs2020, for the data from Brazil. For analyzes by macro-regions, the reduction varied from -58% [IRR 0.41 (0.37 to 0.45)] in the Midwest in 2016vs2020 to -93% [IRR 0.07 (0.06 to 0.08)] in the South in 2019vs2020. Conclusions There was a significant reduction in hospitalization for acute bronchiolitis in children under one year old, in Brazil, of the order of more than 70% for most analysis. Our data suggest an important impact of social distance on reducing the transmission of viruses related to acute bronchiolitis. Such knowledge may guide strategies for prevention of viruses spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Friedrich
- Centro Infant, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renata Ongaratto
- Centro Infant, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Scotta
- Centro Infant, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tiago N Veras
- Jeser Amarante Faria Children's Hospital, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Renato T Stein
- Centro Infant, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Magali Santos Lumertz
- Centro Infant, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcus Herbert Jones
- Centro Infant, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Talitha Comaru
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Farroupilha, Santo Ângelo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Araújo Pinto
- Centro Infant, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Xu B, Wang J, Li Z, Xu C, Liao Y, Hu M, Yang J, Lai S, Wang L, Yang W. Seasonal association between viral causes of hospitalised acute lower respiratory infections and meteorological factors in China: a retrospective study. Lancet Planet Health 2021; 5:e154-e163. [PMID: 33713616 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) caused by respiratory viruses are common and persistent infectious diseases worldwide and in China, which have pronounced seasonal patterns. Meteorological factors have important roles in the seasonality of some major viruses, especially respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus. Our aim was to identify the dominant meteorological factors and to model their effects on common respiratory viruses in different regions of China. METHODS We analysed monthly virus data on patients hospitalised with ALRI from 81 sentinel hospitals in 22 provinces in mainland China from Jan 1, 2009, to Sept 30, 2013. We considered seven common respiratory viruses: RSV, influenza virus, human parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, and human coronavirus. Meteorological data of the same period were used to analyse relationships between virus seasonality and seven meteorological factors according to region (southern vs northern China). The geographical detector method was used to quantify the explanatory power of each meteorological factor, individually and interacting in pairs, on the respiratory viruses. FINDINGS 28 369 hospitalised patients with ALRI were tested, 10 387 (36·6%) of whom were positive for at least one virus, including RSV (4091 [32·0%] patients), influenza virus (2665 [20·8%]), human parainfluenza virus (2185 [17·1%]), adenovirus (1478 [11·6%]), human bocavirus (1120 [8·8%]), human coronavirus (637 [5·0%]), and human metapneumovirus (615 [4·8%]). RSV and influenza virus had annual peaks in the north and biannual peaks in the south. Human parainfluenza virus and human bocavirus had higher positive rates in the spring-summer months. Human metapneumovirus had an annual peak in winter-spring, especially in the north. Adenovirus and human coronavirus exhibited no clear annual seasonality. Temperature, atmospheric pressure, vapour pressure, and rainfall had most explanatory power on most respiratory viruses in each region. Relative humidity was only dominant in the north, but had no significant explanatory power for most viruses in the south. Hours of sunlight had significant explanatory power for RSV and influenza virus in the north, and for most viruses in the south. Wind speed was the only factor with significant explanatory power for human coronavirus in the south. For all viruses, interactions between any two of the paired factors resulted in enhanced explanatory power, either bivariately or non-linearly. INTERPRETATION Spatiotemporal heterogeneity was detected for most viruses in this study, and interactions between pairs of meteorological factors were found to enhance their influence on virus variation. These findings might be helpful to guide government planning, such as public health interventions, infection control practice, and timing of passive immunoprophylaxis, and might facilitate the development of future vaccine strategies. FUNDING National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, and the Technology Major Project of China. TRANSLATION For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chengdong Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilan Liao
- The State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maogui Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China; National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Lai
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhong Yang
- School of Population Medicine & Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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[Virological diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections]. Rev Mal Respir 2021; 38:58-73. [PMID: 33461842 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The etiological diagnosis of bronchopulmonary infections cannot be assessed with clinical, radiological and epidemiological data alone. Viruses have been demonstrated to cause a large proportion of these infections, both in children and adults. BACKGROUND The diagnosis of viral bronchopulmonary infections is based on the analysis of secretions, collected from the lower respiratory tract when possible, by techniques that detect either influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses, or a large panel of viruses that can be responsible for respiratory disease. The latter, called multiplex PCR assays, allow a syndromic approach to respiratory infection. Their high cost for the laboratory raises the question of their place in the management of patients in terms of antibiotic economy and isolation. In the absence of clear recommendations, the strategy and equipment are very unevenly distributed in France. OUTLOOK Medico-economic analyses need to be performed in France to evaluate the place of these tests in the management of patients. The evaluation of the role of the different viruses often detected in co-infection, especially in children, also deserves the attention of virologists and clinicians. CONCLUSIONS The availability of new diagnostic technologies, the recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2, together with the availability of new antiviral drugs are likely to impact future recommendations for the management of viral bronchopulmonary infections.
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Lim YK, Kweon OJ, Kim HR, Kim TH, Lee MK. Clinical Features, Epidemiology, and Climatic Impact of Genotype-specific Human Metapneumovirus Infections: Long-term Surveillance of Hospitalized Patients in South Korea. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 70:2683-2694. [PMID: 31353397 PMCID: PMC7108157 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) commonly causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Here, we performed long-term retrospective surveillance of hMPV infection among patients hospitalized in South Korea between 2007 and 2016 and investigated seasonal dynamics and clinical characteristics associated with each virus subtype/genotype. Methods Patient specimens were tested for hMPV and other respiratory viruses by commercial molecular assays. Medical records of hMPV-positive patients were reviewed, and hMPV subtype/genotype analysis was performed. We also collected meteorological data and analyzed relationships with hMPV activity. Results Of 23 694 specimens, 1275 (5.4%) were positive; among them, 94.0% were classified into 5 subtypes (A1, A2a, A2b, B1, and B2). Some clinical manifestations differed according to hMPV genotype; however, there was no correlation between hMPV subtype and clinical outcome. Viral activity peaked at 13–20 weeks (April and May) and was associated with climate-specific factors, including temperature, relative humidity, diurnal temperature variation, wind speed, and sunshine duration. Conclusions This large-scale, 10-year study provides valuable information about the clinical characteristics associated with hMPV subtypes and climate factors contributing to virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kwan Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Gyeonggi-do.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Joo Kweon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryoun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyoung Kim
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Iqbal MM, Abid I, Hussain S, Shahzad N, Waqas MS, Iqbal MJ. The effects of regional climatic condition on the spread of COVID-19 at global scale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:140101. [PMID: 32531684 PMCID: PMC7280824 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic outbreak of the novel coronavirus epidemic disease (COVID-19) is spreading like a diffusion-reaction in the world and almost 208 countries and territories are being affected around the globe. It became a sever health and socio-economic problem, while the world has no vaccine to combat this virus. This research aims to analyze the connection between the fast spread of COVID-19 and regional climate parameters over a global scale. In this research, we collected the data of COVID-19 cases from the time of 1st reported case to the 5th June 2020 in different affected countries and regional climatic parameters data from January 2020 to 5th June 2020. It was found that most of the countries located in the relatively lower temperature region show a rapid increase in the COVID-19 cases than the countries locating in the warmer climatic regions despite their better socio-economic conditions. A correlation between metrological parameters and COVID-19 cases was observed. Average daylight hours are correlated to total the COVID-19 cases with a coefficient of determination of 0.42, while average high-temperature shows a correlation of 0.59 and 0.42 with total COVID-19 cases and death cases respectively. The finding of the study will help international health organizations and local administrations to combat and well manage the spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irfan Abid
- National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Irrigation and Drainage, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Shahzad
- National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Waqas
- Soil Conservation Group, Agriculture Department (Field Wing), Government of the Punjab, Pakistan
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12
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Zhang H, Wen S, Zheng J, Chen X, Lv F, Liu L. Meteorological factors affecting respiratory syncytial virus infection: A time-series analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:713-718. [PMID: 31909893 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a major cause of hospitalization in children. Meteorological factors are known to influence seasonal RSV epidemics, but the relationship between meteorological factors and RSV infection in children is not well understood. We aimed to explore the relationship between meteorological factors and RSV infections among hospitalized children, using different statistical models. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review concerning children with RSV infections admitted to a tertiary pediatric hospital in Wenzhou, China, between January 2008 and December 2017. The relationship between meteorological factors (average daily temperatures, average daily relative humidity, rainfall, rainfall days, and wind speed) and the incidence of RSV in hospitalized children was analyzed using three time-series models, namely an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, a generalized additive model (GAM), and a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-based model. RESULTS In total, 15 858 (17.6%) children tested positive for RSV infection. The ARIMA model revealed a marked seasonal pattern in the RSV detection rate, which peaked in winter and spring. The model was a good predictor of RSV incidence (R2 : 83.5%). The GAM revealed that a lower temperature and higher wind speed preceded increases in RSV detection. The LASSO-based model revealed that temperature and relative humidity were negatively correlated with RSV detection. CONCLUSIONS Seasonality of RSV infection in hospitalized children correlated strongly with temperature. The LASSO-based model can be used to predict annual RSV epidemics using weather forecast data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Children's Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shunhang Wen
- Department of Children's Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- Department of Clinical Research, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- Department of Children's Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Lv
- Department of Children's Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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13
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Comte A, Bour JB, Darniot M, Pitoiset C, Aho-Glélé LS, Manoha C. Epidemiological characteristics and clinical outcomes of human rhinovirus infections in a hospitalized population. Severity is independently linked to RSV coinfection and comorbidities. J Clin Virol 2020; 125:104290. [PMID: 32135487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human rhinovirus (hRV) is a predominant respiratory viral pathogen. The determinants that lead to adverse clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients are unclear. Our objective was to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hRV infections in a hospitalized population and to compare non-severe and severe infections. The study was based on data from all patients with a respiratory episode admitted to Hospital from October 2015 to September 2016. During the study period, out of 2465 respiratory episodes, 434 were detected positive for hRV. Most of the coinfections involved the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and very few influenza viruses. A possible interference between rhinovirus and influenza virus is suggested. Airway involvement was present in a large part of hRV infections with 28.4 % (n = 48/169) of bronchiolitis and 3.6 % (n = 6/169) of bronchitis. One third of patients had at least one of the following severity criteria: need for oxygen therapy, hospitalization ≥ 5 days, and admission to the ICU. On multivariate analysis, a respiratory co-infection with RSV and the presence of a chronic respiratory disease (including a history of asthma) were shown to be independent risk factors for the onset of a severe infection in patients ≤ 2 years old. In a case control study based on 70 patients, hRV-A was the predominant lineage, followed closely by hRV-C. High viral load or viral genotypes were not associated with severe infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Comte
- Virology Laboratory, University Hospital, Dijon, France
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14
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Tahamtan A, Samadizadeh S, Rastegar M, Nakstad B, Salimi V. Respiratory syncytial virus infection: why does disease severity vary among individuals? Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:415-423. [PMID: 31995408 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1724095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in infancy. While many infants are infected with RSV, the nature and severity of the disease vary among individuals. RSV causes bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and asthma exacerbation. However, most children infected with RSV have only mild upper airways disease and may be asymptomatic.Areas covered: Despite efforts to elucidate mechanisms for the various clinical responses to RSV infection, they remain largely unknown, suggesting that susceptibility and disease are influenced by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This article reviews the available literature on the field of RSV disease severity and discusses important factors associated to susceptibility and different disease outcome.Expert opinion: The severity of RSV-induced illness is a phenomenon that depends on a variety of graded mechanisms of interaction between the host, virus, and environment. This may lead to differences in the intensity of immune response in the lung and different courses of the disease. By characterizing, classifying, and grading the affecting factors in high-risk patients versus those who do not fall ill by RSV, we may find therapies or point to disease-limiting medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tahamtan
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Saeed Samadizadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rastegar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Britt Nakstad
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Cattoir L, Vankeerberghen A, Boel A, Van Vaerenbergh K, De Beenhouwer H. Epidemiology of RSV and hMPV in Belgium: a 10-year follow-up. Acta Clin Belg 2019; 74:229-235. [PMID: 30029583 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2018.1492509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are important respiratory pathogens. Both viral pathogens have similar clinical manifestations. The epidemiology of RSV is well known, that of hMPV is less clear. We reviewed the results of 10 consecutive years of molecular testing for RSV and hMPV in respiratory samples of Flemish patients. Methods: In the laboratory of the OLV hospital Aalst, Belgium, multiplex RT-PCR assays are used for the detection of RSV and hMPV. The lab receives invasive and noninvasive respiratory samples of patients from all over Flanders. Results: Between September 2006 and August 2016, 16,826 respiratory samples were analyzed for RSV and hMPV. Of these samples, 18% tested positive for RSV and 7.3% for hMPV. RSV consistently peaked in November/December each year within a very narrow time frame. The occurrence of hMPV was less predictable and spreaded more widely throughout the winter and spring. Both viruses were mainly found in samples from young children. RSV was most frequently detected in samples from infants <3 months, while hMPV peaked between 6 and 9 months. After the age of 1 year, RSV rapidly dropped. hMPV dropped a little later and slower. Both viruses slightly increased again at older age (>50 years). Conclusions: Despite their similarities, some of the epidemiologic characteristics of hMPV and RSV differ. The most striking difference is the annual distribution of RSV and hMPV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Cattoir
- Clinical Laboratory of Microbiology, OLVZ Aalst, Aalst, Belgium
| | | | - An Boel
- Clinical Laboratory of Microbiology, OLVZ Aalst, Aalst, Belgium
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16
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Viguria N, Martínez-Baz I, Moreno-Galarraga L, Sierrasesúmaga L, Salcedo B, Castilla J. Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in children in northern Spain. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206474. [PMID: 30439987 PMCID: PMC6237306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) morbidity may help to plan health care and future vaccine recommendations. We aim to describe the characteristics and temporal distribution of children diagnosed with RSV admitted in a Spanish hospital. METHODS Descriptive study for which the hospital discharges of children < 5 years of age with RSV infection were analyzed. The information was extracted from the hospital discharge database of a reference pediatric hospital in northern Spain for the 2010-2011 to 2014-2015 RSV seasons. RESULTS Six hundred and forty-seven hospitalizations of children with RSV infection were analyzed, 94% of which occurred between the second week of November and the last week of March. Most children (72%) were under one year of age and 95% were previously healthy infants. Infants born from October to December had the highest risk of hospitalization in the first year of life. The median length of hospital stay of children with and without comorbidities was six and three days, respectively. 6.5% of the hospitalized cases were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit; this percentage was higher among children < 2 months (adjusted odds ratio 4.15; 95% confidence interval: 1.37-12.61) or with comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio 4.15; 95% confidence interval: 1.53-11.28). The case lethality was 0.3%. CONCLUSIONS The risk of hospitalizations for RSV is high during the first year of life and increases among infants born in the fall. Being under two months of age and presenting comorbidities are the main risk factors associated to pediatric intensive care unit admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividad Viguria
- Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iván Martínez-Baz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno-Galarraga
- Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Blanca Salcedo
- Servicio de Gestión, Información y Evaluación, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Pamplona, Spain
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