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Ke W, Ao C, Wei R, Zhu X, Shui J, Zhao J, Zhang X, Wang L, Huang L, Leng X, Zhu R, Wu J, Huang L, Huang N, Wang H, Weng W, Yang L, Tang S. Evaluating the clinical utility of semi-quantitative luciferase immunosorbent assay using Treponema pallidum antigens in syphilis diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2348525. [PMID: 38661428 PMCID: PMC11100446 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2348525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
To assess the clinical applicability of a semi-quantitative luciferase immunosorbent assay (LISA) for detecting antibodies against Treponema pallidum antigens TP0171 (TP15), TP0435 (TP17), and TP0574 (TP47) in diagnosing and monitoring syphilis. LISA for detection of anti-TP15, TP17, and TP47 antibodies were developed and evaluated for syphilis diagnosis using 261 serum samples (161 syphilis, 100 non-syphilis). Ninety serial serum samples from 6 syphilis rabbit models (3 treated, 3 untreated) and 110 paired serum samples from 55 syphilis patients were used to assess treatment effects by utilizing TRUST as a reference. Compared to TPPA, LISA-TP15, LISA-TP17, and LISA-TP47 showed a sensitivity of 91.9%, 96.9%, and 98.8%, specificity of 99%, 99%, and 98%, and AUC of 0.971, 0.992, and 0.995, respectively, in diagnosing syphilis. Strong correlations (rs = 0.89-0.93) with TPPA were observed. In serial serum samples from rabbit models, significant differences in the relative light unit (RLU) were observed between the treatment and control group for LISA-TP17 (days 31-51) and LISA-TP47 (day 41). In paired serum samples from syphilis patients, TRUST titres and the RLU of LISA-TP15, LISA-TP17, and LISA-TP47 decreased post-treatment (P < .001). When TRUST titres decreased by 0, 2, 4, or ≥8-folds, the RLU decreased by 17.53%, 31.34%, 48.62%, and 72.79% for LISA-TP15; 8.84%, 17.00%, 28.37%, and 50.57% for LISA-TP17; 22.25%, 29.79%, 51.75%, and 70.28% for LISA-TP47, respectively. Semi-quantitative LISA performs well for syphilis diagnosis while LISA-TP17 is more effective for monitoring syphilis treatment in rabbit models and clinical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujian Ke
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cailing Ao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Baiyun District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Children Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Shui
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuyuan Wang
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinying Leng
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixia Huang
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nanxuan Huang
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjia Weng
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ligang Yang
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shixing Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Evangelous TD, Berry M, Venkatayogi S, LeMaster C, Geanes ES, De Naeyer N, DeMarco T, Shen X, Li H, Hora B, Solomonis N, Misamore J, Lewis MG, Denny TN, Montefiori D, Shaw GM, Wiehe K, Bradley T, Williams WB. Host immunity associated with spontaneous suppression of viremia in therapy-naïve young rhesus macaques following neonatal SHIV infection. J Virol 2023; 97:e0109423. [PMID: 37874153 PMCID: PMC10688376 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01094-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Despite the advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy, people are still dying from HIV-related causes, many of whom are children, and a protective vaccine or cure is needed to end the HIV pandemic. Understanding the nature and activation states of immune cell subsets during infection will provide insights into the immunologic milieu associated with viremia suppression that can be harnessed via therapeutic strategies to achieve a functional cure, but these are understudied in pediatric subjects. We evaluated humoral and adaptive host immunity associated with suppression of viremia in rhesus macaques infected soon after birth with a pathogenic SHIV. The results from our study provide insights into the immune cell subsets and functions associated with viremia control in young macaques that may translate to pediatric subjects for the design of future anti-viral strategies in HIV-1-infected infants and children and contribute to an understudied area of HIV-1 pathogenesis in pediatric subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D. Evangelous
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Madison Berry
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sravani Venkatayogi
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cas LeMaster
- Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Eric S. Geanes
- Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicole De Naeyer
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Todd DeMarco
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bhavna Hora
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | - Thomas N. Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - George M. Shaw
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Todd Bradley
- Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UMKC School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Wilton B. Williams
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Bacon A, Wang W, Lee H, Umrao S, Sinawang PD, Akin D, Khemtonglang K, Tan A, Hirshfield S, Demirci U, Wang X, Cunningham BT. Review of HIV Self Testing Technologies and Promising Approaches for the Next Generation. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:298. [PMID: 36832064 PMCID: PMC9954708 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ability to self-test for HIV is vital to preventing transmission, particularly when used in concert with HIV biomedical prevention modalities, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In this paper, we review recent developments in HIV self-testing and self-sampling methods, and the potential future impact of novel materials and methods that emerged through efforts to develop more effective point-of-care (POC) SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. We address the gaps in existing HIV self-testing technologies, where improvements in test sensitivity, sample-to-answer time, simplicity, and cost are needed to enhance diagnostic accuracy and widespread accessibility. We discuss potential paths toward the next generation of HIV self-testing through sample collection materials, biosensing assay techniques, and miniaturized instrumentation. We discuss the implications for other applications, such as self-monitoring of HIV viral load and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bacon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hankeun Lee
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Saurabh Umrao
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Genomic Diagnostics, Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Prima Dewi Sinawang
- Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Demir Akin
- Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence for Translational Diagnostics (CCNE-TD), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kodchakorn Khemtonglang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Anqi Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sabina Hirshfield
- Special Treatment and Research (STAR) Program, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11203, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Genomic Diagnostics, Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brian T. Cunningham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Genomic Diagnostics, Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Liang Y, Lin H, Dzakah EE, Tang S. Influence of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV-1 Serological Responses and Their Implications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844023. [PMID: 35432309 PMCID: PMC9006953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to analyze HIV-1 seroreversion caused by combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and to explore antibody levels of anti-HIV-1 as an alternative biomarker of HIV-1 reservoir. We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to August 2021 for publications about the performance of HIV-1 serological assays or the association between antibody responses against HIV-1 and HIV-1 reservoirs. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored by meta-regression analysis, including the year of publication, country, pretreatment viral load, sample size, the timing of treatment, time on cART, and principle or type of serological assay. Twenty-eight eligible studies with a total population of 1,883 were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled frequency of HIV-1 seronegativity is 38.0% (95% CI: 28.0%–49.0%) among children with vertical HIV-1 infection and cART initiation at the age of less than 6 months, while the percentage of HIV-1 seronegativity declined to 1.0% (95% CI: 0%–3.0%) when cART was initiated at the age of >6 months. For adult patients, 16.0% (95% CI: 9.0%–24.0%) of them were serologically negative when cART was initiated at acute/early infection of HIV-1, but the seronegative reaction was rarely detected when cART was started at chronic HIV-1 infection. Substantial heterogeneity was observed among the studies to estimate the frequency of HIV-1 seronegativity in the early-cART population (I2 ≥ 70%, p < 0.05 and all), while mild heterogeneity existed for the deferred-cART subjects. Moreover, anti-HIV-1 antibody response positively correlates with HIV-1 reservoir size with a pooled rho of 0.43 (95% CI: 0.28–0.55), suggesting that anti-HIV antibody level may be a feasible biomarker of HIV-1 reservoir size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongqing Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Emmanuel Enoch Dzakah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Shixing Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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