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Lima JF, Carvalho LS, Carvalho MA, Schneider MC. Chromosome diversity in Buthidae and Chactidae scorpions from Brazilian fauna: Diploid number and distribution of repetitive DNA sequences. Genet Mol Biol 2023; 46:e20220083. [PMID: 37216321 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we analyzed cytogenetically eight Chactidae and Buthidae, including the localization of repetitive DNA sequences. The chactids possess monocentric chromosomes and the highest diploid numbers (2n=50 in Brotheas amazonicus, 2n=36 in Chactopsis amazonica, 2n=30 in Neochactas sp.) when compared with buthids (2n=10 in Tityus bahiensis, 2n=14 in Tityus apiacas and Tityus metuendus, 2n=18 in Tityus aba, 2n=26 in Ischnotelson peruassu). The localization of rDNA genes and (TTAGG)n sequences exhibited a conserved pattern of two terminal/subterminal ribosomal cistrons and terminal telomere signals. However, the comparison between the data of C-banding, DAPI after FISH and Cot-DNA fraction indicated a variable quantity and distribution of these regions, as follow: (i) positive heterochromatin and Cot-DNA signals (B. amazonicus and I. peruassu), (ii) small blocks of heterochromatin with large Cot-DNA signals (T. metuendus), (iii) positive heterochromatic regions and absence of Cot-DNA signals (T. aba and T. apiacas), and (iv) negative heterochromatin and Cot-DNA signals (T. bahiensis). Therefore, our results revealed that there still is not a clear relation between quantity of heterochromatin and presence of monocentric or holocentric chromosomes and occurrence of chromosomal rearrangements, indicating that repetitive regions in scorpions must be analyzed using different cytogenetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Figueiredo Lima
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos André Carvalho
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
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Almeida B, Malcher S, Costa M, Martins J, Procópio R, Noronha R, Nagamachi C, Pieczarka J. High Chromosomal Reorganization and Presence of Microchromosomes in Chactidae Scorpions from the Brazilian Amazon. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040563. [PMID: 37106763 PMCID: PMC10135684 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Scorpions are of particular interest in cytogenomic studies, as they can present a high incidence of chromosomal rearrangements heterozygous in natural populations. In this study, we cytogenetically analyzed four species of Chactidae. In Brotheas, 2n = 40 was observed in Brotheas silvestris, 2n = 48 in Brotheas paraensis, and 2n = 50 (cytotype A) or 2n = 52 (cytotype B) among populations of Brotheas amazonicus. Our results showed a bimodal karyotype in Neochactas parvulus, 2n = 54, with microchromosomes and a concentration of constitutive heterochromatin in macrochromosomes. The 45S rDNA is located in only one pair of the karyotype, with different heteromorphisms of clusters of this rDNA in the cytotype B of B. amazonicus, with NOR-bearing chromosomes involved in multi-chromosomal associations during meiosis I. The U2 snDNA was mapped in the interstitial region of distinct karyotype pairs of three Chactidae species. Our results indicate the possible formation of cryptic species in B. amazonicus; the different 45S rDNA configurations in the genome of this species may result from amplification and degeneration. We suggest that the bimodal karyotype in N. parvulus results from fusion/fission events and that the unequal distribution of repetitive DNAs between macro and microchromosomes contributes to the maintenance of its asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Almeida
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, Guamá, Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará-Campus Itaituba, R. Universitário, s/n, Maria Magdalena, Itaituba 68183-300, PA, Brazil
| | - Stella Malcher
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, Guamá, Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil
| | - Marlyson Costa
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, Guamá, Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil
| | - Jonas Martins
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil
| | - Rudi Procópio
- Medical School, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Av. Carvalho Leal, 1777, Cachoeirinha, Manaus 69065-170, AM, Brazil
| | - Renata Noronha
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, Guamá, Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil
| | - Cleusa Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, Guamá, Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil
| | - Julio Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, Guamá, Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil
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Aydın Yağmur E, Koç H, Yeşílyurt F, Šťáhlavský F. The first chromosome study of the genera Calchas Birula, 1899 and Neocalchas Yağmur, Soleglad, Fet & Kovařík, 2013 (Scorpiones: Iuridae). ZOOLOGY IN THE MIDDLE EAST 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2023.2172838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ersen Aydın Yağmur
- Alaşehir Vocational School, Celal Bayar University, Alaşehir, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Halil Koç
- Biology Department, Science and Art Faculty, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Fatih Yeşílyurt
- Department of Biology, Institute of Postgraduate Education, Hakkari University, Hakkari, Turkey
| | - František Šťáhlavský
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Christophoryová J, Krajčovičová K, Šťáhlavský F, Španiel S, Opatova V. Integrative Taxonomy Approach Reveals Cryptic Diversity within the Phoretic Pseudoscorpion Genus Lamprochernes (Pseudoscorpiones: Chernetidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:122. [PMID: 36835691 PMCID: PMC9964657 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoscorpions represent an ancient, but homogeneous group of arachnids. The genus Lamprochernes comprises several morphologically similar species with wide and overlapping distributions. We implemented an integrative approach combining molecular barcoding (cox1), with cytogenetic and morphological analyses in order to assess species boundaries in European Lamprochernes populations. The results suggest ancient origins of Lamprochernes species accompanied by morphological stasis within the genus. Our integrative approach delimited three nominal Lamprochernes species and one cryptic lineage Lamprochernes abditus sp. nov. Despite its Oligocene origin, L. abditus sp. nov. can be distinguished from its closest relative only by molecular and cytogenetic differences, or alternatively, by a complex multivariate morphometric analysis involving other Lamprochernes species. The population structure and common haplotype sharing across geographically distant populations in most Lamprochernes species suggest that a phoretic manner of dispersal is efficient in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Christophoryová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Krajčovičová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - František Šťáhlavský
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Španiel
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vera Opatova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Praha, Czech Republic
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Reyes Lerma AC, Šťáhlavský F, Seiter M, Carabajal Paladino LZ, Divišová K, Forman M, Sember A, Král J. Insights into the Karyotype Evolution of Charinidae, the Early-Diverging Clade of Whip Spiders (Arachnida: Amblypygi). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3233. [PMID: 34827965 PMCID: PMC8614469 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Whip spiders (Amblypygi) represent an ancient order of tetrapulmonate arachnids with a low diversity. Their cytogenetic data are confined to only a few reports. Here, we analyzed the family Charinidae, a lineage almost at the base of the amblypygids, providing an insight into the ancestral traits and basic trajectories of amblypygid karyotype evolution. We performed Giemsa staining, selected banding techniques, and detected 18S ribosomal DNA and telomeric repeats by fluorescence in situ hybridization in four Charinus and five Sarax species. Both genera exhibit a wide range of diploid chromosome numbers (2n = 42-76 and 22-74 for Charinus and Sarax, respectively). The 2n reduction was accompanied by an increase of proportion of biarmed elements. We further revealed a single NOR site (probably an ancestral condition for charinids), the presence of a (TTAGG)n telomeric motif localized mostly at the chromosome ends, and an absence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Our data collectively suggest a high pace of karyotype repatterning in amblypygids, with probably a high ancestral 2n and its subsequent gradual reduction by fusions, and the action of pericentric inversions, similarly to what has been proposed for neoamblypygids. The possible contribution of fissions to charinid karyotype repatterning, however, cannot be fully ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azucena Claudia Reyes Lerma
- Laboratory of Arachnid Cytogenetics, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.C.R.L.); (K.D.); (M.F.); (J.K.)
| | - František Šťáhlavský
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Michael Seiter
- Unit Integrative Zoology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria;
- Natural History Museum Vienna, 3. Zoology (Invertebrates), Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonela Zusel Carabajal Paladino
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
- Arthropod Genetics Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Klára Divišová
- Laboratory of Arachnid Cytogenetics, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.C.R.L.); (K.D.); (M.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Martin Forman
- Laboratory of Arachnid Cytogenetics, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.C.R.L.); (K.D.); (M.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Alexandr Sember
- Laboratory of Arachnid Cytogenetics, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.C.R.L.); (K.D.); (M.F.); (J.K.)
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Král
- Laboratory of Arachnid Cytogenetics, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.C.R.L.); (K.D.); (M.F.); (J.K.)
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Karyotype evolution and preliminary molecular assessment of genera in the family Scorpiopidae (Arachnida: Scorpiones). ZOOLOGY 2020; 144:125882. [PMID: 33278760 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The scorpions represent an ancient and morphologically conserved order of arachnids. Despite that, their karyotypes may differ considerably even among closely related species. In this study, we identify the trends of the karyotype evolution in the family Scorpiopidae based on integrating cytogenetic data and multi-locus molecular phylogenetic approaches. We detected considerable variability in diploid numbers of chromosomes (from 48 to 147), 18S rRNA gene cluster positions (from terminal to pericentromeric) at the interspecific level. Moreover, we identified independent fusions, fissions and inversions in the evolution of the family Scorpiopidae, leading to a remarkable diversification of the karyotypes. The dynamic system of the karyotype changes in this group is further documented by the presence of interstitial telomeric sequences (ITS) in two species. The cytogenetic differences observed among the analyzed species highlight the potential of this type of data for species-level taxonomy in scorpion lineages with monocentric chromosomes. Additionally, the results of our phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of the family Scorpiopidae, but rendered several genera para- or polyphyletic.
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Šťáhlavský F, Forman M, Just P, Denič F, Haddad CR, Opatova V. Cytogenetics of entelegyne spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) from southern Africa. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2020; 14:107-138. [PMID: 32194919 PMCID: PMC7066264 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v14i1.48667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spiders represent one of the most studied arachnid orders. They are particularly intriguing from a cytogenetic point of view, due to their complex and dynamic sex chromosome determination systems. Despite intensive research on this group, cytogenetic data from African spiders are still mostly lacking. In this study, we describe the karyotypes of 38 species of spiders belonging to 16 entelegyne families from South Africa and Namibia. In the majority of analysed families, the observed chromosome numbers and morphology (mainly acrocentric) did not deviate from the family-level cytogenetic characteristics based on material from other continents: Tetragnathidae (2n♂ = 24), Ctenidae and Oxyopidae (2n♂ = 28), Sparassidae (2n♂ = 42), Gnaphosidae, Trachelidae and Trochanteriidae (2n♂ = 22), and Salticidae (2n♂ = 28). On the other hand, we identified interspecific variability within Hersiliidae (2n♂ = 33 and 35), Oecobiidae (2n♂ = 19 and 25), Selenopidae (2n♂ = 26 and 29) and Theridiidae (2n♂ = 21 and 22). We examined the karyotypes of Ammoxenidae and Gallieniellidae for the first time. Their diploid counts (2n♂ = 22) correspond to the superfamily Gnaphosoidea and support their placement in this lineage. On the other hand, the karyotypes of Prodidominae (2n♂ = 28 and 29) contrast with all other Gnaphosoidea. Similarly, the unusually high diploid number in Borboropactus sp. (2n♂ = 28) within the otherwise cytogenetically uniform family Thomisidae (mainly 2n♂ = 21-24) supports molecular data suggesting a basal position of the genus in the family. The implementation of FISH methods for visualisation of rDNA clusters facilitated the detection of complex dynamics of numbers of these loci. We identified up to five loci of the 18S rDNA clusters in our samples. Three different sex chromosome systems (X0, X1X20 and X1X2X30) were also detected among the studied taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Šťáhlavský
- Department of Zoology, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Viničná 7, CZ-12844 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Forman
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Viničná 5, CZ-12844 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Just
- Department of Zoology, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Viničná 7, CZ-12844 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Denič
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Viničná 5, CZ-12844 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Charles R. Haddad
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Vera Opatova
- Department of Zoology, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Viničná 7, CZ-12844 Praha, Czech Republic
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Štundlová J, Šmíd J, Nguyen P, Šťáhlavský F. Cryptic diversity and dynamic chromosome evolution in Alpine scorpions (Euscorpiidae: Euscorpius). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 134:152-163. [PMID: 30743063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over time, mountain biota has undergone complex evolutionary histories that have left imprints on its genomic arrangement, geographical distribution and diversity of contemporary lineages. Knowledge on these biogeographical aspects still lags behind for invertebrates inhabiting the Alpine region. In the present study, we examined three scorpion species of the subgenus Euscorpius (Alpiscorpius) from the European Alps using cytogenetic and molecular phylogenetic approaches to determine the variation and population structure of extant lineages at both chromosome and genetic level, and to provide an insight into the species diversification histories. We detected considerable intraspecific variability in chromosome complements and localization of the 18S rDNA loci in all studied species. Such chromosome differences were noticeable as the existence of three [in E. (A.) alpha and E. (A.) germanus] or four [in E. (A.) gamma] range-restricted karyotypic races. These races differed from one another either by 2n [in E. (A.) alpha 2n = 54, 60, 90; in E. (A.) gamma 2n = 58, 60, 88, 86-92], or by the karyotypic formula [in E. (A.) germanus 2n = 34m + 12sm; 36m + 10sm; 42m + 4sm]. Using mitochondrial (16S rRNA, COI) and nuclear (28S rDNA) genetic markers, we examined genetic variation and reconstructed phylogenetic relationships among the karyotypic races. Both approaches provided evidence for the existence of ten deeply divergent lineages exhibiting the features of local endemics and indicating the presence of cryptic species. Molecular dating analyses suggest that these lineages diversified during the Plio-Pleistocene and this process was presumably accompanied by dynamic structural changes in the genome organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Štundlová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Šmíd
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Zoology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nguyen
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - František Šťáhlavský
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic
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Červená M, Šťáhlavský F, Papáč V, Kováč Ľ, Jana C. Morphological and cytogenetic characteristics of Neobisium (Blothrus) slovacum Gulička, 1977 (Pseudoscorpiones, Neobisiidae), the northernmost troglobitic species of the subgenus Blothrus in Europe. Zookeys 2019:113-130. [PMID: 30686926 PMCID: PMC6342903 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.817.27189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A redescription is provided of the adult, tritonymph and deutonymph life stages of the troglobitic Neobisium (Blothrus) slovacum Gulička, 1977, which is known from Slovakia and Hungary. Material examined included 35 previously deposited museum specimens and 15 newly collected specimens. In addition, the karyotype and distribution of 18S rDNA clusters are described, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The male karyotype of N.slovacum comprises 69 chromosomes, with a predominance of biarmed chromosomes, and an X0 sex chromosome system. Two pairs of signals for 18S rDNA on biarmed chromosomes (submetacentric and metacentric) of different sizes were identified. The present study provides the first information about the distribution of these clusters in the arachnid order Pseudoscorpiones. The geographic distribution of the species is summarized and mapped. Neobisiumslovacum is endemic to the Slovak and Aggtelek Karst area in southern Slovakia and north-western Hungary, where it has been recorded from 16 caves. One of these, Hačavská cave (in Slovakia), is the northernmost locality known for any species of the subgenus Blothrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Červená
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia Comenius University Bratislava Slovakia
| | - František Šťáhlavský
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Papáč
- Slovak Caves Administration, Železničná 31, SK-979 01 Rimavská Sobota, Slovakia Slovak Caves Administration Rimavská Sobota Slovakia
| | - Ľubomír Kováč
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, SK-041 54 Košice, Slovakia Šafárik University Košice Slovakia
| | - Christophoryová Jana
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia Comenius University Bratislava Slovakia
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Ubinski CV, Carvalho LS, Schneider MC. Mechanisms of karyotype evolution in the Brazilian scorpions of the subfamily Centruroidinae (Buthidae). Genetica 2018; 146:475-486. [PMID: 30206751 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-018-0038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recently-revised subfamily Centruroidinae is part of the New World clade of buthid scorpions. In this study, we analyzed the cytogenetic characteristics of nine of the 10 Brazilian centruroidines, and one undescribed species of the genus Ischnotelson, using a phylogenetic approach to determine the chromosomal rearrangements responsible for the differentiation of karyotypes among the species. The cytogenetic data recorded in the present study supported the new taxonomic arrangement of the Centruroidinae, with all the species of the same genus sharing the same or similar diploid numbers, i.e., 2n = 20 or 22 in Troglorhopalurus lacrau and T. translucidus, 2n = 25 or 26 in Ischnotelson sp., I. guanambiensis and I. peruassu, and 2n = 28 in Jaguajir agamemnon, J. pintoi and J. rochae. The karyotype modelling in the ChromEvol software indicated 2n = 18 as the ancestral diploid number of the Centruroidinae. The differentiation of karyotypes among the centruroidine genera was based on increasing chromosome numbers resulting from progressive fission events. These changes probably occurred prior to the diversification of the genera Ischnotelson, Jaguajir, Physoctonus and Rhopalurus, and appear to have played a more important role in karyotype evolution at the intergeneric level than the interspecific one. However, the observed increase in diploid numbers was not accompanied by changes in the number or location of ribosomal genes or telomeric sequences. The identification of meiotic cells in female specimens also allowed us to discuss the mechanisms of achiasmatic meiosis in scorpions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crislaine Vanessa Ubinski
- Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Av. Prof. Artur Riedel, 275, Diadema, São Paulo, 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Sousa Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, UFPI, Campus Amílcar Ferreira Sobral, BR 343, Km 3.5, Floriano, Piauí, 64800-000, Brazil
| | - Marielle Cristina Schneider
- Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Av. Prof. Artur Riedel, 275, Diadema, São Paulo, 09972-270, Brazil.
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