Characterization and comparison of deferasirox fast disintegrating tablets prepared by direct compression and lyophilization methods

Development, physiochemical and sensory evaluation of a new effervescent tablet formulation based on Moringa oleifera leaves extract

New product development of Moringa oleifera effervescent tablet was optimization of the acid-base in the formula by using the D-optimal mix design. Chemical profiling and antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera extract was evaluated. The physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Moringa oleifera effervescent tablet was measured. The results shows that chemical compounds of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Moringa oleifera extracts were hydrocarbons, esters, alcohols, and fatty acids. Both extracts exhibited high antioxidant by the IC50 value at 240.27 μg/mL and 301.21 μg/mL respectively. The quadratic model was found to be the best fitted for evaluating the solubility time, colour, taste and aroma; meanwhile, the special cubic model appeared to be the best fitting model for assessing the hardness response. The optimization process suggested that citric acid (22.19% w/w), tartaric acid (11.17% w/w), and sodium bicarbonate (33.64% w/w) was the best solution for this combination of variables, with a desirability value of 0.798.

Optimization of Pregelatinized Taro Boloso-I Starch as a Direct Compression Tablet Excipient

Background. Tablets are still the most preferred means of drug delivery. The search for new and improved direct compression tablet excipients is an area of research focus. This is because the direct compression method overcomes the drawbacks of granulation methods of tablet production. It exempts several treatment steps associated with the granulation methods. The requirements for the powders to be directly compressible include flowability, low friction tendency, compressibility, and fast disintegration capacity. Taro Boloso-I is a new variety of Colocasia esculenta (L. Schott) yielding 67% more than a previously reported variety (Godare) in Ethiopia. This study is aimed at enhancing the flowability while keeping the compressibility and compactibility of the pregelatinized Taro Boloso-I starch. Methods. Central composite design was used for the optimization of two factors which were the temperature and duration of pregelatinization against 4 responses. The responses were angle of repose, Hausner’s ratio, Heckel’s yield pressure, and tablet breaking force. Results and Discussions. An increase in the temperature resulted in decrease in both the angle of repose and the Hausner ratio and that of time decreased angle of repose as well. The Heckel yield pressure was observed to increase with increasing levels of both temperature and time. The pregelatinized starch prepared by heating 15% slurry of Taro Boloso-I starch at the pregelatinization temperature of 66.22°C for 20 min showed desired flow property and compressibility. Conclusions. Pregelatinized Taro Boloso-I starch could be regarded as a potential direct compression excipient in terms of flowability, compressibility, and compactibility. The PGTBIS could perform better as filler and binder in direct compression tablets than the Starch 1500® in terms of compactibility.

Nanoparticle-containing lyophilized dry powder inhaler formulations optimized using central composite design with improved aerodynamic parameters and redispersibility

Objectives: The aim of this study was to improve the aerodynamic behavior and redispersibility of a lyophilized dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulation containing nanoparticles.Methods: Paclitaxel (PTX)-human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles were used as a model, and DPIs containing the nanoparticles were produced by lyophilization using different carriers and carrier ratios. A central composite design was employed to optimize the formulation. L-leucine and mannitol were chosen as independent variables, and mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), emitted fraction, fine particle fraction (FPF), nanoparticle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential were selected as dependent variables.Results: The water content of DPIs was less than 5% for all DPIs. The cytotoxicity of the DPIs, determined using A549 cells, was due to PTX alone. Particle sizes of 204.3 ± 1.65 nm and 94.3-1353.0 nm were obtained before and after lyophilization, respectively. The developed method resulted in a reduction in the MMAD from 8.148 µm to 5.274 µm, an increase in the FPF from 17.63% to 33.60%, and an increase in the emitted fraction from 77.68% to 97.03%. The physico-chemical characteristics of the optimized formulation were also assessed.Conclusions: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that lyophilization can be used to produce nanoparticle-containing DPI formulations with improved redispersibility and aerodynamic properties.

Design and evaluation of in vivo bioavailability in beagle dogs of bilayer tablet consisting of immediate release nanosuspension and sustained release layers of rebamipide

The purpose of this study was to develop a once-daily, bilayer matrix tablet with immediate (IR) and sustained release (SR) layers of poorly water-soluble and absorption site dependent rebamipide (RBM) to substitute three times a day IR tablet. Owing to the pH-dependent poor water solubility of RBM in low pH condition, salt-caged nanosuspensions (NSPs) consisting of RBM and poloxamer 407 (POX 407) or poloxamer 188 (POX 188) were prepared using an acid-base neutralization method to increase the dissolution rate, which was subsequently applied to the immediate-release (IR) layer. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) with different molecular weights (PEO 100,000 and PEO 5,000,000) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 4000 (HPMC 4000) were then investigated as SR agents to incorporate into the SR layer with pure RBM via wet granulation method. The dissolution profile of the optimized bilayer tablet having 50% IR and 50% SR layer of 300 mg RBM showed that the IR layer could rapidly disintegrate in pH 1.2 buffer solution within 2 h, reaching 50% of drug release from the tablet, followed by an extended drug release from the SR layer in pH 6.8 buffer over 24 h. An in vivo pharmacokinetic study was carried out in beagle dogs to compare the optimal formulation (300 mg RBM bilayer tablet) and the commercial tablet (Mucosta® 100 mg) as a reference. Unexpectedly, despite enhanced dissolution rate in a controlled manner, a designed bilayer tablet had no dose- and dosage form dependent in vivo bioavailability in beagle dogs as compared with IR 100 mg RBM reference tablet. It was evident that solubility in low pH condition, gastric residence time and absorption site of RBM should be carefully considered for designing specific SR or gastroretentive dosage form to improve therapeutic outcomes.