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Steiner D, Meyer A, Immohr LI, Pein-Hackelbusch M. Critical View on the Qualification of Electronic Tongues Regarding Their Performance in the Development of Peroral Drug Formulations with Bitter Ingredients. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:658. [PMID: 38794320 PMCID: PMC11125162 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we aim to highlight the advantages, challenges, and limitations of electronic tongues (e-tongues) in pharmaceutical drug development. The authors, therefore, critically evaluated the performance of e-tongues regarding their qualification to assess peroral formulations containing bitter active pharmaceutical ingredients. A literature search using the keywords 'electronic', 'tongue', 'bitter', and 'drug' in a Web of Science search was therefore initially conducted. Reviewing the publications of the past decade, and further literature where necessary, allowed the authors to discuss whether and how e-tongues perform as expected and whether they have the potential to become a standard tool in drug development. Specifically highlighted are the expectations an e-tongue should meet. Further, a brief insight into the technologies of the utilized e-tongues is given. Reliable protocols were found that enable (i) the qualified performance of e-tongue instruments from an analytical perspective, (ii) proper taste-masking assessments, and (iii) under certain circumstances, the evaluation of bitterness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Steiner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Muenster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Alexander Meyer
- Institute for Life Science Technologies (ILT.NRW), Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Campusallee 12, 32657 Lemgo, Germany
| | | | - Miriam Pein-Hackelbusch
- Institute for Life Science Technologies (ILT.NRW), Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Campusallee 12, 32657 Lemgo, Germany
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Adamkiewicz L, Szeleszczuk Ł. Review of Applications of Cyclodextrins as Taste-Masking Excipients for Pharmaceutical Purposes. Molecules 2023; 28:6964. [PMID: 37836807 PMCID: PMC10574773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely recognized that many active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have a disagreeable taste that affects patient acceptability, particularly in children. Consequently, developing dosage forms with a masked taste has attracted a lot of interest. The application of cyclodextrins as pharmaceutical excipients is highly appreciated and well established, including their roles as drug delivery systems, solubilizers and absorption promoters, agents that improve drug stability, or even APIs. The first work describing the application of the taste-masking properties of CDs as pharmaceutical excipients was published in 2001. Since then, numerous studies have shown that these cyclic oligosaccharides can be effectively used for such purposes. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide insight into studies in this area. To achieve this aim, a systematic evaluation was conducted, which resulted in the selection of 67 works representing both successful and unsuccessful works describing the application of CDs as taste-masking excipients. Particular attention has been given to the methods of evaluation of the taste-masking properties and the factors affecting the outcomes, such as the choice of the proper cyclodextrin or guest-host molar ratio. The conclusions of this review reveal that the application of CDs is not straightforward; nevertheless, this solution can be an effective, safe, and inexpensive method of taste masking for pharmaceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Łukasz Szeleszczuk
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
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López-de-Dicastillo C, López-Carballo G, Vázquez P, Schwager F, Aragón-Gutiérrez A, Alonso JM, Hernández-Muñoz P, Gavara R. Designing an Oxygen Scavenger Multilayer System Including Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Adsorbents for Potential Use in Food Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3899. [PMID: 37835948 PMCID: PMC10574828 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen scavengers are valuable active packaging systems because several types of food deterioration processes are initiated by oxygen. Although the incorporation of oxygen scavenger agents into the polymeric matrices has been the trend in recent years, the release of volatile organic compounds (VOC) as a result of the reaction between oxygen and oxygen scavenger substances is an issue to take into account. This is the case of an oxygen scavenger based on a trans-polyoctenamer rubber (TOR). In this work, the design of an oxygen scavenger multilayer system was carried out considering the selection of appropriate adsorbents of VOCs to the proposed layer structure. Firstly, the retention of some representative organic compounds by several adsorbent substances, such as zeolites, silicas, cyclodextrins and polymers, was studied in order to select those with the best performances. A hydrophilic silica and an odor-adsorbing agent based on zinc ricinoleate were the selected adsorbing agents. The principal VOCs released from TOR-containing films were carefully identified, and their retention first by the pure adsorbents, and then by polyethylene incorporated with the selected compounds was quantified. Detected concentrations decreased by 10- to 100-fold, depending on the VOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol López-de-Dicastillo
- Packaging Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (C.L.-d.-D.)
| | - Gracia López-Carballo
- Packaging Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (C.L.-d.-D.)
| | | | | | - Alejandro Aragón-Gutiérrez
- Grupo de Tecnología de Envases y Embalajes, Instituto Tecnológico del Embalaje, Transporte y Logística, ITENE, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, calle de Albert Einstein 1, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - José M. Alonso
- Grupo de Tecnología de Envases y Embalajes, Instituto Tecnológico del Embalaje, Transporte y Logística, ITENE, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, calle de Albert Einstein 1, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Pilar Hernández-Muñoz
- Packaging Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (C.L.-d.-D.)
| | - Rafael Gavara
- Packaging Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (C.L.-d.-D.)
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Vishvakarma V, Kaur M, Nagpal M, Arora S. Role of Nanotechnology in Taste Masking: Recent Updates. Curr Drug Res Rev 2023; 15:1-14. [PMID: 35619251 DOI: 10.2174/2589977514666220526091259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the important parameters in the case of dosage form is taste. Most of the drugs available in oral dosage form have an unpleasant taste which leads to patient incompliance and affects the success ratio of products in the market. Geriatric and paediatric patients suffer more with the bitter taste of medicines. According to the studies reported, it is found that 50% of the population have the problem swallowing tablets, especially the pediatric and geriatric population. Masking the taste of bitter drugs has become necessary in the pharmaceutical field and increasing interest of researchers to develop various methods for masking the bitter taste of drugs. Five major tastes, felt by our tongue are salt, sour, sweet, bitter, and umami. When the drug dissolves with saliva, drug molecules interact with taste receptors present on the tongue and give taste sensations. Although, many solid oral dosage forms like pills, and tablets have an additional advantage of masking and encapsulation of bitter taste drugs; however, they might not be effective for children because they may or may not swallow pills or tablets. There are various other methods that mask the bitter taste of drugs such as the addition of sweeteners and flavouring agents, granulation, coating, inclusion complexes, extrusion method, ion-exchange resins, etc, discussed in the first section of the article. The second part of this article consists of various nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems that were fabricated by researchers to mask the bitter taste of drugs. A brief of recent literature on various nanocarriers that were fabricated or developed for taste masking has been discussed in this part. A better understanding of these methods will help researchers and pharmaceutical industries to develop novel drug delivery systems with improved taste masking properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malkiet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Constantin M, Cosman B, Ascenzi P, Simionescu BC, Fundueanu G. New chromatographic insights on drug:cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and their potential use in drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1696-1709. [PMID: 36372064 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2147159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cyclodextrins (CDs) play a pivotal role in the controlled release of drugs; however, their ability to gradually release drugs is here interrogated: can cyclodextrins, even those that form strong inclusion complexes, sustain a prolonged release of drugs? METHODS An original chromatographic approach was developed and accordingly we classified and determined drugs that form the most stable inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins. β-CD and hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HP-β-CD) were coupled to pullulan (Pul) microspheres and packed into a chromatographic column. Then, different drugs or model compounds were eluted, and values of the retention time (RT) were determined. In vitro release studies were performed for drugs that form the most stable inclusion complexes. RESULTS The drugs with the longest RT value form the most stable inclusion complexes with Pul/β-CD and Pul/HP-β-CD microspheres. Pul/β-CD microspheres form more stable inclusion complexes than Pul/HP-β-CD microspheres. However, in spite of their high stability, they were not able to gradually release the included drug (15 min release time). The cross-chromatographic experiments confirmed the hypothesis that in aqueous solution, drug/cyclodextrin complexes are continuously associated and dissociated. CONCLUSIONS If the dissociation of the guest molecule is very rapid, why is it expected that these complexes gradually release the drug?
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieta Constantin
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Cosman
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Bogdan C Simionescu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Fundueanu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
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Özyılmaz ED, Comoglu T. Development of pediatric orally disintegrating mini-tablets containing atomoxetine hydrochloride-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex using experimental design. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:667-681. [PMID: 36454038 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2154787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate characteristics of orally disintegrating mini-tablet (ODMT) formulations including atomoxetine hydrochloride (ATO)/β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complex for pediatric therapy of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Design of experiment approach was used to develop ODMTs. The ODMTs were compressed using direct compression method with two different superdisintegrants (Parteck ODT® and Ac-Di-Sol®) and characterized with quality control tests. In vitro dissolution and taste studies were performed. RESULTS The hardness and friability values of the optimized three ODMT formulations were determined as 41.7 N, 42.4 N, and 40.8 N and 0.32%, 0.29%, and 0.42%, respectively. The disintegration time of all the optimized formulations was found to be less than one minute. In addition, dissolution profiles of ATO from optimized ODMTs were determined in four different dissolution media (distilled water, pH 1.2, 6.8, and 7.4) and it was determined that the maximum dissolved ATO amount reached at the end of 20 min. CONCLUSION As a conclusion, the novel formulation of ODMTs with ATO/β-CD inclusion complex was successfully developed for pediatric use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Dilek Özyılmaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, TR. North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Tansel Comoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Thakur A, Jain S, Pant A, Sharma A, Kumar R, Singla N, Suttee A, Kumar S, Barnwal RP, Katare OP, Singh G. Cyclodextrin Derivative Enhances the Ophthalmic Delivery of Poorly Soluble Azithromycin. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23050-23060. [PMID: 35847282 PMCID: PMC9280958 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Azithromycin (AZM), a macrolide antibiotic used for the treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis, is less effective for the treatment of this disease due to its poor bioavailability (38%). Various alternatives have been developed for improving the physicochemical properties (i.e., solubility) of the AZM without much success. To overcome the problems associated with AZM, an inclusion complex employing a modified cyclodextrin, i.e., sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD), was prepared and characterized by phase solubility studies and PXRD techniques. The results portrayed the formation of an inclusion complex of AZM with SBE-β-CD in 1:2 molar stoichiometric ratios. This inclusion complex was later incorporated into a polymer matrix to prepare an in situ gel. Various combinations of Carbopol 934P and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4M) polymers were used and evaluated by rheological and in vitro drug release studies. The optimized formulation (F4) containing Carbopol 934P (0.2% w/v) and HPMC K4M (0.2% w/v) was evaluated for clarity, pH, gelling capacity, drug content, rheological properties, in vitro drug release pattern, ocular irritation test, and antimicrobial efficacy. Finally, owing to the improved antimicrobial efficacy and increased residence time, the AZM:SBE-β-CD in situ gel was found to be a promising formulation for the efficient treatment of bacterial ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Thakur
- Lachoo
Memorial College of Science and Technology, Jodhpur 342001, India
- University
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab
University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sourabh Jain
- Lachoo
Memorial College of Science and Technology, Jodhpur 342001, India
| | - Anjali Pant
- University
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab
University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- University
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab
University, Chandigarh 160014, India
- Department
of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- University
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab
University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Neha Singla
- Department
of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ashish Suttee
- Lovely
Professional University, Phagwara, Panjab 144411, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department
of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
- National
Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S.
P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Ravi P. Barnwal
- Department
of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Om Prakash Katare
- University
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab
University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Gurpal Singh
- University
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab
University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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