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Han W, Liu F, Muhammad M, Liu G, Li H, Xu Y, Sun S. Application of biomacromolecule-based passive penetration enhancement technique in superficial tumor therapy: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132745. [PMID: 38823734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) has shown great promise in superficial tumor therapy due to its noninvasive and avoidance of the first-pass effect. Especially, passive penetration enhancement technique (PPET) provides the technical basis for TDD by temporarily altering the skin surface structure without requiring external energy. Biomacromolecules and their derived nanocarriers offer a wide range of options for PPET development, with outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability. Furthermore, the abundant functional groups on biomacromolecule surfaces can be modified to yield functional materials capable of targeting specific sites and responding to stimuli. This enables precise drug delivery to the tumor site and controlled drug release, with the potential to replace traditional drug delivery methods and make PPET-related personalized medicine a reality. This review focuses on the mechanism of biomacromolecules and nanocarriers with skin, and the impact of nanocarriers' surface properties of nanocarriers on PPET efficiency. The applications of biomacromolecule-based PPET in superficial tumor therapy are also summarized. In addition, the advantages and limitations are discussed, and their future trends are projected based on the existing work of biomacromolecule-based PPET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Mehdi Muhammad
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guoxin Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yongqian Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shiguo Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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2
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Silva GC, Rodrigues RAF, Bottoli CBG. In vitro diffusion of plant phenolics through the skin: A review update. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024; 46:239-261. [PMID: 38083814 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive skin exposure to deleterious environmental variables results in inflammation as well as molecular and cellular impairments that compromise its functionality, aesthetic qualities, and overall well-being. The implementation of topical administration of antioxidants and other compounds as a method for preventing or reversing damage is a rational approach. Numerous phenolic compounds derived from plants have demonstrated capabilities such as scavenging free radicals and promoting tissue healing. However, the primary obstacle lies in effectively delivering these compounds to the specific place on the skin, and accurately forecasting their diffusion through the skin can assist in determining the most effective tactics. Hence, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of recent literature pertaining to the in vitro skin diffusion characteristics of plant phenolics. The aim is to gain a deeper understanding of their behaviour when present in various forms such as solutions, suspensions, and formulations. METHOD The data on plant extracts and isolated plant phenolic compounds in vitro skin diffusion assays published over the last six years were compiled and discussed. RESULTS Even though the gold standard Franz diffusion cell is the most commonly used in the assessment of in vitro plant phenolic skin diffusion profiles, a plethora of skin models and assay conditions are reported for a variety of compounds and extracts in different vehicles. CONCLUSION The presence of numerous models and vehicles poses a challenge in creating correlations among the existing data on plant phenolic compounds. However, it is possible to draw some general conclusions regarding molecular, vehicle, and skin characteristics based on the gathered information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisláine C Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Química, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rodney A F Rodrigues
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas (CPQBA), Paulínia, Brazil
| | - Carla B G Bottoli
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Química, Campinas, Brazil
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3
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Raut S, Azheruddin M, Kumar R, Singh S, Giram PS, Datta D. Lecithin Organogel: A Promising Carrier for the Treatment of Skin Diseases. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9865-9885. [PMID: 38463343 PMCID: PMC10918684 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, as it protects the body from the external environment. Nowadays, skin diseases and skin problems are more common, and millions of people are affected daily. Skin diseases are due to numerous infectious pathogens or inflammatory conditions. The increasing demand for theoretical research and practical applications has led to the rising prominence of gel as a semisolid material. To this end, organogels has been widely explored due to their unique composition, which includes organic solvents and mineral or vegetable oils, among others. Organogels can be described as semisolid systems wherein an organic liquid phase is confined within a three-dimensional framework consisting of self-assembled, cross-linked, or entangled gelator fibers. These gels have the ability to undergo significant expansion and retain substantial amounts of the liquid phase, reaching up to 99% swelling capacity. Furthermore, they respond to a range of physical and chemical stimuli, including temperature, light, pH, and mechanical deformation. Notably, due to their distinctive properties, they have aroused significant interest in a variety of practical applications. Organogels favor the significant encapsulation and enhanced permeation of hydrophobic molecules when compared with hydrogels. Accordingly, organogels are characterized into lecithin organogels, pluronic lecithin organogels, sorbitan monostearate-based organogels, and eudragit organogels, among others, based on the nature of their network and the solvent system. Lecithin organogels contain lecithin (natural and safe as a living cell component) as an organogelator. It acts as a good penetration enhancer. In this review, first we have summarized the fundamental concepts related to the elemental structure of organogels, including their various forms, distinctive features, methods of manufacture, and diverse applications. Nonetheless, this review also sheds light on the delivery of therapeutic molecules entrapped in the lecithin organogel system into deep tissue for the management of skin diseases and provides a synopsis of their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Raut
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Dr. DY Patil Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
| | - Mohammed Azheruddin
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Dr. DY Patil Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Lloyd
Institute of Management and Technology, Plot No. 11, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Shivani Singh
- Lloyd
Institute of Management and Technology, Plot No. 11, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Prabhanjan S. Giram
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Dr. DY Patil Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at
Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Deepanjan Datta
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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4
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Falusi F, Berkó S, Budai-Szűcs M, Veréb Z, Kovács A. Foams Set a New Pace for the Release of Diclofenac Sodium. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:287. [PMID: 38399341 PMCID: PMC10892945 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Medicated foams have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional carrier systems in pharmaceutical research. Their rapid and convenient application allows for effective treatment of extensive or hirsute areas, as well as sensitive or inflamed skin surfaces. Foams possess excellent spreading capabilities on the skin, ensuring immediate drug absorption without the need for intense rubbing. Our research focuses on the comparison of physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of three drug delivery systems: foam, the foam bulk liquid, and a conventional hydrogel. During the development of the composition, widely used diclofenac sodium was employed. The safety of the formulae was confirmed through an in vitro cytotoxicity assay. Subsequently, the closed Franz diffusion cell was used to determine drug release and permeation in vitro. Ex vivo Raman spectroscopy was employed to investigate the presence of diclofenac sodium in various skin layers. The obtained results of the foam were compared to the bulk liquid and to a conventional hydrogel. In terms of drug release, the foam showed a rapid release, with 80% of diclofenac released within 30 min. In summary, the investigated foam holds promising potential as an alternative to traditional dermal carrier systems, offering faster drug release and permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanni Falusi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös St., 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (F.F.); (S.B.); (M.B.-S.)
| | - Szilvia Berkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös St., 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (F.F.); (S.B.); (M.B.-S.)
| | - Mária Budai-Szűcs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös St., 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (F.F.); (S.B.); (M.B.-S.)
| | - Zoltán Veréb
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine-USz Skin Research Group, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anita Kovács
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös St., 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (F.F.); (S.B.); (M.B.-S.)
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5
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Djuris J, Cvijic S, Djekic L. Model-Informed Drug Development: In Silico Assessment of Drug Bioperformance following Oral and Percutaneous Administration. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:177. [PMID: 38399392 PMCID: PMC10892858 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry has faced significant changes in recent years, primarily influenced by regulatory standards, market competition, and the need to accelerate drug development. Model-informed drug development (MIDD) leverages quantitative computational models to facilitate decision-making processes. This approach sheds light on the complex interplay between the influence of a drug's performance and the resulting clinical outcomes. This comprehensive review aims to explain the mechanisms that control the dissolution and/or release of drugs and their subsequent permeation through biological membranes. Furthermore, the importance of simulating these processes through a variety of in silico models is emphasized. Advanced compartmental absorption models provide an analytical framework to understand the kinetics of transit, dissolution, and absorption associated with orally administered drugs. In contrast, for topical and transdermal drug delivery systems, the prediction of drug permeation is predominantly based on quantitative structure-permeation relationships and molecular dynamics simulations. This review describes a variety of modeling strategies, ranging from mechanistic to empirical equations, and highlights the growing importance of state-of-the-art tools such as artificial intelligence, as well as advanced imaging and spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Djuris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.C.); (L.D.)
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6
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Varshney M, Bahadur S. Comprehensive Review on Phytoconstituents-based Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:737-756. [PMID: 37888809 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010245092230922180341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is known as a chronic disease characterized by eczematous and pruritus skin lesions. The pathology behind atopic dermatitis etiology is loss of epidermal barrier, which prevents the production of protein filaggrin that can induce T-cell infiltration and inflammation. Treatment of AD is majorly based on limiting skin repair as well as reducing inflammation and itching. There are several remedies available for the treatment of AD, such as Janus kinase and calcineurin inhibitors, topical corticosteroids, and phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors. The conventional formulations in the market have limited safety and efficacy. Hence, effective treatment of atopic dermatitis requires the development of novel, efficacious, reliable, and specific therapies. Recent research data have revealed that some naturally occurring medicinal plants have potential applications in the management of AD through different mechanisms. The nanotechnology-based therapeutics have gained a lot of attention in the last decade for the improvement in the activity of drugs having low absorption due to poor solubility, thus leading to lesser bioavailability. Therapies based on nanotechnology can be an effective way to overcome these obstacles. Due to their effective propensity to provide better drug diffusion and bioavailability as well as drug targeting potential at the desired site of action, these approaches may have decreased adverse drug effects, better penetration, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Hence, this review highlights the potential of phytoconstituents-based novel formulations for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Furthermore, recent patents on therapeutic approaches to atopic dermatitis have also been briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Varshney
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, U.P. India
| | - Shiv Bahadur
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, U.P. India
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7
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van Staden D, Haynes RK, Viljoen JM. The Development of Dermal Self-Double-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems: Preformulation Studies as the Keys to Success. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1348. [PMID: 37895819 PMCID: PMC10610238 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs) are lipid-based systems that are superior to other lipid-based oral drug delivery systems in terms of providing drug protection against the gastrointestinal (GI) environment, inhibition of drug efflux as mediated by P-glycoprotein, enhanced lymphatic drug uptake, improved control over plasma concentration profiles of drugs, enhanced stability, and drug loading efficiency. Interest in dermal spontaneous emulsions has increased, given that systems have been reported to deliver drugs across mucus membranes, as well as the outermost layer of the skin into the underlying layers. The background and development of a double spontaneous emulsion incorporating four anti-tubercular drugs, clofazimine (CFZ), isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide (PZY), and rifampicin (RIF), are described here. Our methods involved examination of oil miscibility, the construction of pseudoternary phase diagrams, the determination of self-emulsification performance and the emulsion stability index of primary emulsions (PEs), solubility, and isothermal micro calorimetry compatibility and examination of emulsions via microscopy. Overall, the potential of self-double-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SDEDDSs) as a dermal drug delivery vehicle is now demonstrated. The key to success here is the conduct of preformulation studies to enable the development of dermal SDEDDSs. To our knowledge, this work represents the first successful example of the production of SDEDDSs capable of incorporating four individual drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniélle van Staden
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (PharmacenTM), Building G16, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (D.v.S.); (R.K.H.)
| | - Richard K. Haynes
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (PharmacenTM), Building G16, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (D.v.S.); (R.K.H.)
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, 346 Leeds Parade, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Joe M. Viljoen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (PharmacenTM), Building G16, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (D.v.S.); (R.K.H.)
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8
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Xie Y, Wu H, Chen Z, Sun Q, Liu X, Jiang J, Wang B, Chen Z. Non-invasive evaluation of transdermal drug delivery using 3-D transient triplet differential (TTD) photoacoustic imaging. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 32:100530. [PMID: 37645257 PMCID: PMC10461203 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is less invasive and avoids first-pass metabolism, making it an attractive method for treating various diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. However, current methods for evaluating TDD systems lack in vivo descriptions of drug distribution in the skin. In this study, we demonstrate the capability of the Transient Triplet Differential (TTD) method, a non-invasive and background-free photoacoustic imaging technique, for accurately mapping drug distribution and evaluating different TDD systems. Our findings show that the TTD method can provide high sensitivity and specificity for targeted drug extraction and visualize 3D drug distribution in the skin. Furthermore, in vivo experiments confirmed the potential of the TTD method in evaluating the clinical performance of TDD. It's predictable that the TTD method can be a reliable and non-invasive approach for evaluating TDD systems and offer valuable insights into TDD research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Huayi Wu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ziyan Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Qi Sun
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jinsheng Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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9
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Burki F, Shah KU, Razaque G, Shah SU, Nawaz A, Saeed MD, Rehman MU, Bibi H, Alfatama M, Elsayed TM. Optimization of Chitosan-Decorated Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Improved Flurbiprofen Transdermal Delivery. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19302-19310. [PMID: 37305303 PMCID: PMC10249022 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal delivery is a potential alternative route to oral administration for drugs associated with stomach discomfort, such as flurbiprofen, a widely nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). This study aimed to design solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) transdermal formulations of flurbiprofen. Chitosan-coated SLNs were prepared by the solvent emulsification method, and their properties and permeation profiles across the excised rat skin were characterized. The particle size of uncoated SLNs was at 695 ± 4.65 nm, which increased to 714 ± 6.13, 847 ± 5.38, and 900 ± 8.65 nm upon coating with 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20% of chitosan, respectively. The drug association efficiency was improved when a higher concentration of chitosan was employed over SLN droplets that endowed a higher affinity of flurbiprofen with chitosan. The drug release was significantly retarded as compared to the uncoated entities and followed non-Fickian anomalous diffusion that was depicted by "n" values of >0.5 and <1. Also, the total permeation of chitosan-coated SLNs (F7-F9) was significantly higher than that of the noncoated formulation (F5). Overall, this study has successfully designed a suitable carrier system of chitosan-coated SLNs that provide insight into the current conventional therapeutic approaches and suggest new directions for the advancements in transdermal drug delivery systems for improved permeation of flurbiprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdous
Ahmad Burki
- Particle
Design and Drug Deliveryery Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Kifayat Ullah Shah
- Particle
Design and Drug Deliveryery Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Razaque
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University
of Balochistan, Quetta 08770, Pakistan
| | - Shefaat Ullah Shah
- Particle
Design and Drug Deliveryery Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Asif Nawaz
- Particle
Design and Drug Deliveryery Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Danish Saeed
- Particle
Design and Drug Deliveryery Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Maqsood Ur Rehman
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences, University
of Malakand, Dir Lower 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hadia Bibi
- Department
of Pharmacy, Women Institute of Learning, Abbottabad 22080, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mulham Alfatama
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin,
Besut Campus, Besut 22200, Malaysia
| | - Tarek M. Elsayed
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin,
Besut Campus, Besut 22200, Malaysia
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10
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Current Advances in Lipid Nanosystems Intended for Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020656. [PMID: 36839978 PMCID: PMC9967415 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin delivery is an exciting and challenging field. It is a promising approach for effective drug delivery due to its ease of administration, ease of handling, high flexibility, controlled release, prolonged therapeutic effect, adaptability, and many other advantages. The main associated challenge, however, is low skin permeability. The skin is a healthy barrier that serves as the body's primary defence mechanism against foreign particles. New advances in skin delivery (both topical and transdermal) depend on overcoming the challenges associated with drug molecule permeation and skin irritation. These limitations can be overcome by employing new approaches such as lipid nanosystems. Due to their advantages (such as easy scaling, low cost, and remarkable stability) these systems have attracted interest from the scientific community. However, for a successful formulation, several factors including particle size, surface charge, components, etc. have to be understood and controlled. This review provided a brief overview of the structure of the skin as well as the different pathways of nanoparticle penetration. In addition, the main factors influencing the penetration of nanoparticles have been highlighted. Applications of lipid nanosystems for dermal and transdermal delivery, as well as regulatory aspects, were critically discussed.
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11
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Krysiak ZJ, Stachewicz U. Electrospun fibers as carriers for topical drug delivery and release in skin bandages and patches for atopic dermatitis treatment. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1829. [PMID: 35817463 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The skin is a complex layer system and the most important barrier between the environment and the organism. In this review, we describe some widespread skin problems, with a focus on eczema, which are affecting more and more people all over the world. Most of treatment methods for atopic dermatitis (AD) are focused on increasing skin moisture and protecting from bacterial infection and external irritation. Topical and transdermal treatments have specific requirements for drug delivery. Breathability, flexibility, good mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and efficacy are important for the patches used for skin. Up to today, electrospun fibers are mostly used for wound dressing. Their properties, however, meet the requirements for skin patches for the treatment of AD. Active agents can be incorporated into fibers by blending, coaxial or side-by-side electrospinning, and also by physical absorption post-processing. Drug release from the electrospun membranes is affected by drug and polymer properties and the technique used to combine them into the patch. We describe in detail the in vitro release mechanisms, parameters affecting the drug transport, and their kinetics, including theoretical approaches. In addition, we present the current research on skin patch design. This review summarizes the current extensive know-how on electrospun fibers as skin drug delivery systems, while underlining the advantages in their prospective use as patches for atopic dermatitis. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna J Krysiak
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
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12
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Gene Regulations upon Hydrogel-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems in Skin Cancers-An Overview. Gels 2022; 8:gels8090560. [PMID: 36135270 PMCID: PMC9498739 DOI: 10.3390/gels8090560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of skin cancer has increased dramatically in recent years, particularly in Caucasian populations. Specifically, the metastatic melanoma is one of the most aggressive cancers and is responsible for more than 80% of skin cancer deaths around the globe. Though there are many treatment techniques, and drugs have been used to cure this belligerent skin cancer, the side effects and reduced bioavailability of drug in the targeted area makes it difficult to eradicate. In addition, cellular metabolic pathways are controlled by the skin cancer driver genes, and mutations in these genes promote tumor progression. Consequently, the MAPK (RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway), WNT and PI3K signaling pathways are found to be important molecular regulators in melanoma development. Even though hydrogels have turned out to be a promising drug delivery system in skin cancer treatment, the regulations at the molecular level have not been reported. Thus, we aimed to decipher the molecular pathways of hydrogel drug delivery systems for skin cancer in this review. Special attention has been paid to the hydrogel systems that deliver drugs to regulate MAPK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, JAK-STAT and cGAS-STING pathways. These signaling pathways can be molecular drivers of skin cancers and possible potential targets for the further research on treatment of skin cancers.
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Suksaeree J, Waiprib R, Kalkornsurapranee E, Pichayakorn W. Lidocaine-pressure sensitive adhesive patches from STR-5L block rubber: Preparations, in vitro characterizations, and stability studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Shariatinia Z. Big family of nano- and microscale drug delivery systems ranging from inorganic materials to polymeric and stimuli-responsive carriers as well as drug-conjugates. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Transdermal delivery of gatifloxacin carboxymethyl cellulose-based patches: Preparation and characterization. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Xue F, Li X, Qin L, Liu X, Li C, Adhikari B. Anti-aging properties of phytoconstituents and phyto-nanoemulsions and their application in managing aging-related diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113886. [PMID: 34314783 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is spontaneous and inevitable process in all living beings. It is a complex natural phenomenon that manifests as a gradual decline of physiological functions and homeostasis. Aging inevitably leads to age-associated injuries, diseases, and eventually death. The research on aging-associated diseases aimed at delaying, preventing or even reversing the aging process are of great significance for healthy aging and also for scientific progress. Numerous plant-derived compounds have anti-aging effects, but their therapeutic potential is limited due to their short shelf-life and low bioavailability. As the novel delivery system, nanoemulsion can effectively improve this defect. Nanoemulsions enhance the delivery of drugs to the target site, maintain the plasma concentration for a longer period, and minimize adverse reaction and side effects. This review describes the importance of nanoemulsions for the delivery of phyto-derived compounds and highlights the importance of nanoemulsions in the treatment of aging-related diseases. It also covers the methods of preparation, fate and safety of nanoemulsions, which will provide valuable information for the development of new strategies in treatment of aging-related diseases.
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Akash SZ, Lucky FY, Hossain M, Bepari AK, Rahman GMS, Reza HM, Sharker SM. Remote Temperature-Responsive Parafilm Dermal Patch for On-Demand Topical Drug Delivery. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12080975. [PMID: 34442597 PMCID: PMC8400996 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of externally controlled drug delivery systems that can rapidly trigger drug release is widely expected to change the landscape of future drug carriers. In this study, a drug delivery system was developed for on-demand therapeutic effects. The thermoresponsive paraffin film can be loaded on the basis of therapeutic need, including local anesthetic (lidocaine) or topical antibiotic (neomycin), controlled remotely by a portable mini-heater. The application of mild temperature (45 °C) to the drug-loaded paraffin film allowed a rapid stimulus response within a short time (5 min). This system exploits regular drug release and the rapid generation of mild heat to trigger a burst release of 80% within 6 h of any locally administered drug. The in vitro drug release studies and in vivo therapeutic activity were observed for local anesthesia and wound healing using a neomycin-loaded film. The studies demonstrated on-demand drug release with minimized inflammation and microbial infection. This temperature-responsive drug-loaded film can be triggered remotely to provide flexible control of dose magnitude and timing. Our preclinical studies on these remotely adjustable drug delivery systems can significantly improve patient compliance and medical practice.
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Mojeiko G, Passos JS, Apolinário AC, Lopes LB. Topical transdermal chemoprevention of breast cancer: where will nanomedical approaches deliver us? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1713-1731. [PMID: 34256574 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the high incidence of breast cancer, there are few pharmacological prevention strategies for the high-risk population and those that are available have low adherence. Strategies that deliver drugs directly to the breasts may increase drug local concentrations, improving efficacy, safety and acceptance. The skin of the breast has been proposed as an administration route for local transdermal therapy, which may improve drug levels in the mammary tissue, due to both deep local penetration and percutaneous absorption. In this review, we discuss the application of nanotechnology-based strategies for the delivery of well established and new agents as well as drug repurposing using the topical transdermal route to improve the outcomes of preventive therapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Mojeiko
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Sapienza Passos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Biagini Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Berkkan A, Kondolot Solak E, Asman G. Starch‐Based Membranes for Controlled Release of 5‐Fluorouracil In Vitro. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Berkkan
- Department of Analytical Chemisty Faculty of Pharmacy Gazi University TR 06330 Etiler- Ankara Turkey
| | - Ebru Kondolot Solak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Technologies Technical Sciences Vocational School Gazi University TR 06374 Ostim- Ankara Turkey
| | - Gulsen Asman
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Gazi University TR 06500 Emniyet- Ankara Turkey
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