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Beckett EL, Fayet-Moore F, Cassettari T, Starck C, Wright J, Blumfield M. Health effects of drinking 100% juice: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae036. [PMID: 38679915 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Low fruit and vegetable intakes are major modifiable determinants of disease. One hundred percent juice may facilitate intake and deliver essential nutrients and bioactive compounds. However, the position of 100% juice in healthy eating guidelines remains controversial due to its lower dietary fiber and higher free-sugar contents compared with whole fruits and vegetables. OBJECTIVE To conduct an umbrella review of systematic literature reviews with meta-analyses (MAs) to summarize the health benefits of drinking 100% fruit and/or vegetable juice. DATA SOURCES Four databases (Medline, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and CINAHL) were systematically searched for MAs of 100% juice and any health outcomes. DATA ANALYSIS Screening, quality, risk of bias, and content overlap tools were applied, and extracted data were narratively synthesized. No eligible studies for vegetable juice were found. Fifteen systematic literature reviews (51 primary MAs, 6 dose-response, and 87 subanalyses; 50-1200 mL/day; hours to years of duration) were included. Ten MAs (19.6%) reported health benefits (4 for blood pressure, 2 for vascular function, 3 for inflammation, 1 for stroke mortality), 3 MAs (5.9%) reported adverse risks (1 each for cardiovascular disease mortality, prostate cancer, type 2 diabetes risk), while most (74.5%) reported no effect (blood lipids, body composition, liver function, metabolic health, cancers, and inflammation). Risks were limited to cohort studies and benefits were found in both cohort and intervention studies. CONCLUSION The findings collate evidence showing some potential health benefits associated with 100% juice consumption, with fewer potential risks. The balance of evidence does not support the exclusion of 100% juice from food-based guides to healthy eating, although caution may be warranted in certain groups or individuals, and the body of evidence is not yet conclusive. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022380588.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Beckett
- FOODiQ Global, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Food Science & Human Nutrition, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Central Coast, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Flávia Fayet-Moore
- FOODiQ Global, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Food Science & Human Nutrition, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Central Coast, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Jutta Wright
- FOODiQ Global, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Fernández CE, Silva-Acevedo CA, Padilla-Orellana F, Zero D, Carvalho TS, Lussi A. Should We Wait to Brush Our Teeth? A Scoping Review Regarding Dental Caries and Erosive Tooth Wear. Caries Res 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38621371 DOI: 10.1159/000538862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth brushing is a universal recommendation. However, the recommendations related to the time of its execution are conflicting, especially when dealing with patients at risk of erosive tooth wear (ETW) or dental caries. SUMMARY Our objective was to summarize the evidence on the timing of brushing with fluoridated toothpaste in relation to ETW and cariogenic dietary challenges. We conducted a scoping review following the PRISMA-ScR checklist, using three databases searching for in vivo, in situ, or in vitro studies involving human teeth exposed to either a cariogenic or an erosive challenge. Only models including human saliva and fluoride were assessed. Data selection, extraction, and risk of bias analysis were done in duplicate and independently. From 1,545 identified studies, 17 (16 related to ETW and 1 to dental caries) were included. Most evidence (n = 10) supported that brushing with a fluoride-containing product does not increase ETW, independent of the moment of brushing. Delaying tooth brushing up to 1 h (n = 4) or individualized recommendations based on the patient's problem (n = 2) were less frequent. Only one study reported that brushing pre- or post-meal does not affect Streptococcus mutans counts. Most data were in situ (n = 13), and the overall study quality was judged as sufficient/low risk of bias. KEY MESSAGES Although the available evidence lacked robust clinical studies, tooth brushing using fluoridated products immediately after an erosive challenge does not increase the risk of ETW and can be recommended, which is in line with recommendations for dental caries prevention. Furthermore, we suggest updating the international guidelines to promote individualized recommendations based on risk factors to prevent either ETW or dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza E Fernández
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Master Program in Oral and Buco-MaxiloFacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Consuelo A Silva-Acevedo
- Master Program in Oral and Buco-MaxiloFacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Fernanda Padilla-Orellana
- Odontopediatric Specialty Program, Pediatric Stomatology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Domenick Zero
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Lussi
- University Hospital for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Chatzidimitriou K, Seremidi K, Kloukos D, Gizani S, Papaioannou W. The role of calcium in the prevention of erosive tooth wear: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Dent 2024; 25:55. [PMID: 38200328 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-023-00966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The loss of hard dental tissue due to recurrent acid challenges and mechanical stresses without bacterial involvement is known as erosive tooth wear (ETW). Many studies in the literature have concentrated on variables that may affect the ETW process and prevent its occurrence or reduce its advancement. However, to date, no previous systematic review has evaluated the role of calcium in preventing ETW. Therefore, the purpose of the present systematic review was to review and critically appraise the scientific evidence regarding the role of calcium formulations in the prevention of ETW. METHODS The review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (Ref: CRD42021229819). A literature search was conducted in electronic databases to identify in situ randomized controlled trials evaluating the prevention of ETW following the application of calcium formulations. The outcomes studied included mean enamel loss, surface microhardness, surface roughness, mean erosion/softening depth, mineral loss/precipitation and remineralization. Study characteristics and outcomes of included studies were summarized. Cochrane's risk-of-bias tool 2.0 was used to assess the quality of eligible studies, and meta-analysis using a random effects model was performed. RESULTS The search retrieved 869 studies of which 21 were considered eligible. Regarding the results of the quality assessment for potential risk of bias in all included studies, overall, 5 studies were considered as being at low risk, another 12 at unclear risk and 4 at high risk of bias. The findings of the studies showed that the addition of calcium in juice drinks led to reduced enamel loss, with blackcurrant juice presenting 2.6 times statistically significant less enamel loss compared to orange juice (p = 0.0001, I2 = 89%). No statistically significant difference in mean surface microhardness of eroded enamel was recorded between chewing gum with or without casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) (p = 0.31, I2 = 71%). Contradictory were the results regarding the effect of milk and CPP-ACP pastes on prevention of ETW. CONCLUSIONS Calcium formulations play an important role in ETW prevention, mainly through their addition to acidic drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Chatzidimitriou
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Dentistry, 2 Thivon Str, 115 27, Goudi, Athens, Greece.
| | - Kyriaki Seremidi
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Dentistry, 2 Thivon Str, 115 27, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kloukos
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, CH-3012, Hochschulstrasse 4, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sotiria Gizani
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Dentistry, 2 Thivon Str, 115 27, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - William Papaioannou
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Dentistry, 2 Thivon Str, 115 27, Goudi, Athens, Greece
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Luka B, Duerrschnabel A, Neumaier S, Schlueter N, Vach K. Interaction between Hexametaphosphate, Other Active Ingredients of Toothpastes, and Erosion-Abrasion in Enamel in vitro. Caries Res 2023; 57:265-275. [PMID: 37725923 PMCID: PMC10641800 DOI: 10.1159/000534057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP) as toothpaste additive is claimed to reduce erosive tooth wear and to stabilize stannous ions. However, little is known about the impact of concentration and its interactions with fluoride (F) or stannous+fluoride ions (F/Sn) on enamel erosion and erosion-abrasion. In a 10 day cyclic in vitro erosion-abrasion model, 320 flat human enamel specimens were divided into ten groups (n = 32 each) and daily subjected to six erosive challenges (0.5% citric acid, 2 min) and two toothpaste suspension applications (2 min, 1:3 F-free toothpaste:mineral-salt solution, 0.23% sodium gluconate). Half of specimens per group were additionally brushed twice/day (200 g, 15 s) during suspension immersion. Nine suspensions contained HMP (0.25%, 1.75%, 3.25%), either on its own or combined with F (373 ppm F-) or F/Sn (800 ppm Sn2+, 373 ppm F-). One suspension contained sodium gluconate only (NegContr). After 10 days, specimens' surfaces were analysed with profilometry, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Tissue loss (µm, mean ± standard deviation) in NegContr was 10.9 ± 2.0 (erosion), 22.2 ± 1.6 (erosion-abrasion). Under erosive conditions, only 0.25% HMP in any combination and 1.75% HMP with F/Sn reduced loss significantly (-28% to -54%); 3.25% HMP without F and F/Sn increased loss significantly (+35%). With additional abrasion, no suspension reduced loss significantly compared to NegContr, instead, in groups without F and F/Sn or with 3.25% HMP loss was increased (+15% to +30%). Conclusively, at higher concentrations, HMP increased erosive tooth wear and seemed to reduce anti-erosive effects of fluoride and stannous ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Luka
- Hannover Medical School (MHH), Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Duerrschnabel
- Division for Cariology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sina Neumaier
- Division for Cariology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Schlueter
- Hannover Medical School (MHH), Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Hannover Medical School (MHH), Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Shukla K, Saxena A, Joshi J, Jain D. A Comparative Study of the Effect of Tooth Mousse Plus Remin Pro and Fluor Protector Gel on Enamel Erosion: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:S57-S62. [PMID: 37663219 PMCID: PMC10474398 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of Tooth Mousse Plus, Remin Pro, and Fluor Protector Gel on enamel erosion, measuring mean weight loss after exposure to a demineralizing agent. Materials and methods A total of 60 sound-extracted permanent incisors were sectioned and enamel specimens were randomly distributed to different groups. The initial weight of all specimens was registered. The samples were randomly divided into four groups (n = 30). Group I specimens were treated with tap water (control). Groups II, III, and IV were treated with Tooth Mousse, Remin Pro, and Fluor Protector Gel application. After that, specimens were placed all together in a plastic container with 6 mL of a soft drink and immersed for 8 minutes at room temperature, dried, and weighed. Specimens were weighed after each immersion period and mean weight loss was calculated. The data was analyzed for probability distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The intergroup comparison was done using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc analysis. Results According to pairwise comparisons in post hoc analysis, the weight of specimens at baseline was significantly greater than the weight of specimens on day 12. The difference in the mean weight of the specimen from baseline to day 12 was 2.833 mg for group I, 2.367 mg for group II, 1.467 mg for group III, and 2.133 mg for group IV. Conclusion Tooth Mousse Plus, Remin Pro, and Fluor Protector Gel have no significant effect on dental erosion. How to cite this article Shukla K, Saxena A, Joshi J, et al. A Comparative Study of the Effect of Tooth Mousse Plus Remin Pro and Fluor Protector Gel on Enamel Erosion: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-1):S57-S62.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlakant Shukla
- Department of Paediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Government Autonomous College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Saxena
- Department of Paediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Government Autonomous College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jaya Joshi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Deepika Jain
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, College of Dental Science and Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Sakae LO, Renzo ALM, Viana ÍEL, Niemeyer SH, Carvalho TS, Scaramucci T. Impact of different brushing/abrasion protocols on erosive tooth wear for in vitro studies. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 148:105657. [PMID: 36827929 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of different toothbrushing (with dentifrice) protocols on the progression of erosive tooth wear for in vitro studies. DESIGN Bovine enamel specimens were randomly distributed into 12 experimental groups (n = 10), according to the study factors: (1) brushing movement (horizontal or circular); (2) slurry diluent (artificial saliva or distilled water); (3) toothpaste dilution ratio (1:2, 1:3 or 1:4). A 5-day erosion-abrasion cycling model was performed, each consisting of 4 erosive challenges (0.3 % citric acid, pH=2.6) followed by 60 min exposure to artificial saliva. Brushing with fluoride toothpaste (15 s, 1400 ppm F-, AmF) was carried out 2x/day. Enamel surface loss (SL) was determined by optical profilometry. Data were statistically analyzed with three-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS SL was lower for the horizontal movement than for the circular (p = 0.044). There were no significant differences among the dilution ratios for artificial saliva. For distilled water, the more concentrated slurry (1:2) presented greater surface loss than the less concentrated slurries (1:3 and 1:4, p = 0.049 and p = 0.014, respectively). Dilutions with artificial saliva at ratios 1:3 and 1:4 presented higher surface loss than with distilled water (p = 0.008 and p < 0.001, respectively); however, for 1:2 ratio, there were no significant differences between the diluents. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro progression of enamel SL was influenced by the brushing movement, as well as the combination of the dilution ratio and the diluent of the toothpaste slurry, and therefore, all these factors must be considered when comparing results from different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Oba Sakae
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luísa Meira Renzo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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da Silva BM, Rios D, Foratori-Junior GA, Magalhães AC, Buzalaf MAR, Peres SDCS, Honório HM. Effect of fluoride group on dental erosion associated or not with abrasion in human enamel: A systematic review with network metanalysis. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 144:105568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Augusto MG, Scaramucci T, Campos TMB, Aoki IV, Schlueter N, Borges AB. Film-Forming Polymers for Tooth Erosion Prevention. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194225. [PMID: 36236172 PMCID: PMC9573524 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different agents have been proposed to prevent the progression of acid induced dental substance losses, which are called erosive tooth wear (ETW), such as fluorides, calcium, and phosphate-based products; however, there is a need for a further increase in efficacy. Recently, the ability of polymers to interact with the tooth surface, forming acid resistant films, has come into the focus of research; nevertheless, there is still the need for a better understanding of their mode of action. Thus, this article provides an overview of the chemical structure of polymers, their mode of action, as well as the effect of their incorporation into oral care products, acid beverages, and antacid formulations, targeting the prevention of ETW. Recent evidence indicates that this may be a promising approach, however, additional studies are needed to confirm their efficacy under more relevant clinical conditions that consider salivary parameters such as flow rate, composition, and clearance. The standardization of methodological procedures such as acid challenge, treatment duration, and combination with fluorides is necessary to allow further comparisons between studies. In conclusion, film-forming polymers may be a promising cost-effective approach to prevent and control erosive demineralization of the dental hard tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gullo Augusto
- Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Centro Universitário de Cascavel–UNIVEL, Av. Tito Muffato, 317-Santa Cruz, Cascavel 85806-080, Brazil
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | | | - Idalina Vieira Aoki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Nadine Schlueter
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-12-3947-9374
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Yang H, Lu ZC, Attin T, Yu H. Erosion of CAD/CAM restorative materials and human enamel: An in vitro study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 119:104503. [PMID: 33845297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This in vitro study used the same frequency and duration of acid contact as a previous in situ/in vivo study to evaluate the effect of erosion on CAD/CAM restorative materials and human enamel and to compare the effects of in vitro and in situ/in vivo acid challenges on CAD/CAM restorative materials and human enamel. The CAD/CAM restorative materials (IPS e.max CAD, Lava Ultimate, and PMMA block) and human enamel were eroded by immersion in 150 ml of cola drink for 14 days (4 × 5 min/day). The surface microhardness and surface roughness of the specimens were measured at baseline (T1), day 7 (T2), and day 14 (T3). The substance losses were measured at T2 and T3. The data were statistically analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni's test (α = 0.05). Erosion significantly decreased the surface microhardness of the CAD/CAM restorative materials and human enamel (all P < 0.001). The overall percentage of surface microhardness loss (%SMHl) of the PMMA block and enamel due to in vitro erosion was significantly higher than that due to in situ/in vivo erosion (P = 0.02 and P < 0.001, respectively). Consistent with in situ/in vivo erosion, the surface roughness and profile of the tested restorative materials remained unchanged after in vitro erosion. A significant increase in the surface roughness and substance loss was observed for enamel after in vitro erosion (all P < 0.001). The overall substance loss of enamel due to in vitro erosion was significantly higher than that due to in situ/in vivo erosion (P < 0.001). In conclusion, erosion decreased the surface microhardness of the CAD/CAM restorative materials and human enamel. Moreover, erosion negatively influenced the substance loss and surface roughness of human enamel. For the substance loss of enamel and %SMHl of PMMA block and enamel, the in vitro erosive effects were approximately 1-2 times greater than the in situ/in vivo effects. However, for the surface roughness and profile of the CAD/CAM restorative materials, no significant difference was found between in vitro and in situ/in vivo erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Zhi-Cen Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hao Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan.
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West NX, He T, Zou Y, DiGennaro J, Biesbrock A, Davies M. Bioavailable gluconate chelated stannous fluoride toothpaste meta-analyses: Effects on dentine hypersensitivity and enamel erosion. J Dent 2020; 105:103566. [PMID: 33383100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effect of bioavailable gluconate-chelated stannous fluoride (SnF2) toothpaste with control toothpastes for treatment of dentine hypersensitivity (DH) and enamel erosion. DATA AND SOURCES A Procter & Gamble Oral Care archive of clinical studies was reviewed from 2000 to 2020. Eligible studies were Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) investigating bioavailable gluconate-chelated SnF2 toothpaste efficacy compared to controls in adult participants measured following tactile (Yeaple force) and/or evaporative stimuli (Schiff score) in-vivo, duration <2 months (DH); or by erosive toothwear (profilometry) from in-situ samples, duration 10-15 days. Two authors independently assessed eligibility and resolved disagreements by discussion. A meta-analysis was undertaken and Risk of Bias (RoB) assessed using the Cochrane collaboration RoB tool for randomized parallel-group and cross-over trials. RESULTS Fourteen RCTs (1287 participants) assessed DH relief and Six RCTs (184 participants) enamel erosion protection. For DH SnF2 toothpastes provided a 57 % (evaporative air) and 142 % (tactile) benefit versus negative controls (sodium fluoride/monofluorophosphate, 8 studies; p < 0.001). Compared to positive controls (potassium nitrate or arginine, 6 studies), a 22 % advantage (p = 0.036) was seen for evaporative air. In erosion studies, SnF2 toothpastes provided an 83 % benefit versus control toothpastes (arginine or sodium fluoride; p < 0.001) with a change (95 %CI) in average surface profilometry level (μm) of -2.02(-2.85, -1.20). CONCLUSIONS The use of these bioavailable SnF2 toothpastes, as part of a daily oral hygiene regimen, will provide patients with enamel erosion protection, combined with alleviation of DH pain when present, improving quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola X West
- Periodontology, Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK.
| | - Tao He
- Research & Development, The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, 45040, USA.
| | - Yuanshu Zou
- Research & Development, The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, 45040, USA.
| | - Joe DiGennaro
- Research & Development, The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, 45040, USA.
| | - Aaron Biesbrock
- Research & Development, The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, 45040, USA.
| | - Maria Davies
- Periodontology, Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK.
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Protective effect of fluorides on erosion and erosion/abrasion in enamel: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized in situ trials. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 120:104945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Lucchese A, Bertacci A, Lo Giudice A, Polizzi E, Gherlone E, Manuelli M, Chersoni S, Moro D, Valdrè G. Stannous Fluoride Preventive Effect on Enamel Erosion: An In Vitro Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092755. [PMID: 32858829 PMCID: PMC7563875 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of a single dose application of two daily toothpastes on enamel exposed to acid attack. The research was conducted on human molars enamel fragments (n = 72). The two different toothpastes active ingredients were sodium fluoride (NaF) and stannous fluoride (SnF2). They were compared in protecting the surface of the enamel exposed to three acids: citric acid, lactic acid and hydrochloric acid. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the calcium ions and phosphate released in the solutions by the enamel specimens. Afterward, ionic concentrations were analyzed through the t-Student test, in order to estimate the significance level (p < 0.05) of the solubility differences obtained between the treatment and control groups. Finally, sample surfaces were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). The two analyzed toothpastes did not reveal any statistically significant variation in the release of calcium and phosphate (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, acid-resistant deposits were detected in samples treated with stannous fluoride and exposed to lactic acid, though the presence of tin ion deposits on samples treated with stannous fluoride was not shown. A single dose of a fluoride-based toothpaste before different acids attack, in simulated oral cavity conditions, did not show a significant preventive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lucchese
- Department of Dentistry, Dental School, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20123 Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (M.M.)
- Unit of Dentistry, Research Center for Oral Pathology and Implantology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20123 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-338-2533-113
| | - Angelica Bertacci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), School of Dentistry, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario “Vittorio Emanuele—G. Rodolico”, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Polizzi
- Center for Oral Hygiene and Prevention, Dental School, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Enrico Gherlone
- Department of Dentistry, Dental School, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20123 Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (M.M.)
- Unit of Dentistry, Research Center for Oral Pathology and Implantology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Manuelli
- Department of Dentistry, Dental School, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20123 Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (M.M.)
- Unit of Dentistry, Research Center for Oral Pathology and Implantology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Chersoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), School of Dentistry, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Daniele Moro
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.M.); (G.V.)
| | - Giovanni Valdrè
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.M.); (G.V.)
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Hydraulic conductance of dentin after treatment with fluoride toothpaste containing sodium trimetaphosphate microparticles or nanoparticles. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:2069-2076. [PMID: 32808179 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03516-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the hydraulic conductance of dentin after treatment with fluoride toothpastes containing sodium trimetaphosphate microparticles (TMPmicro) or nanoparticles (TMPnano). MATERIALS AND METHODS The dentinal tubules of bovine dentin blocks (4 × 4 × 1 mm) were unobstructed for determination of the maximum hydraulic conductance of the dentin. The dentin blocks were randomized into four groups (n = 15/group) of toothpastes (placebo, 1100 ppm F, and 1100 with 3% TMPmicro or 3% TMPnano) which were applied for 7 days (2×/day) using a brushing machine. The dentin surface (5/group) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The hydraulic conductance post-treatment was measured in the other ten blocks. Thereafter, the same blocks were immersed in citric acid (pH 3.2) for 1 min, and the conductance was determined again. The data were submitted to 2-way ANOVA repeated measures, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.05). RESULTS The percentage conductance reduction post-treatment for the groups were placebo = 1100 ppm F < 1100 TMPnano < 1100 TMPmicro (p < 0.001). After acid attack, the percentage reduction was placebo < 1100 ppm F < 1100 TMPnano < 1100 TMPmicro (p < 0.001). The toothpastes containing TMP showed the highest obliteration of dentinal tubules. CONCLUSIONS The addition of TMPmicro to fluoride toothpaste produced a greater reduction in hydraulic conductance when compared with 1100 ppm F toothpaste. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The increased capacity of toothpastes containing TMP to reduce hydraulic conductance indicates their potential to reduce symptoms of dentinal hypersensitivity.
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Lima LCD, Viana ÍEL, Paz SLPD, Bezerra SJC, João-Souza SH, Carvalho TS, Scaramucci T. Role of desensitizing/whitening dentifrices in enamel wear. J Dent 2020; 99:103390. [PMID: 32492504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the impact of desensitizing (D) and/or whitening (W) dentifrices on erosion and erosion-abrasion. METHODS Enamel specimens were allocated into 10 groups (n = 20): 1. Artificial saliva (control); 2. Sensodyne Repair&Protect (SRP-D); 3. Sensodyne Repair&Protect Whitening (SRP-W); 4. Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief (CSPR-D); 5. Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief Real White (CSPRR-W); 6. Colgate Total 12 (CT); 7. Colgate Total 12 Professional Whitening (CTP-W); 8. Sensodyne True White (ST-W); 9. Curaprox Black is White (CB-W); 10. Oral-B 3D White Perfection (OB3D-W). For abrasion (n = 10), 30,000 brushing strokes were performed and surface roughness (SR) was evaluated. Erosion-abrasion (n = 10) consisted of 1 % citric acid (2 min), artificial saliva (60 min); 6×/day; 5 days. Toothbrushing was carried out 2×/day (45 strokes). Surface loss (SL) was determined with an optical profilometer. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). RESULTS Relative to SR, only OB3D-W had a significantly rougher surface than the control (p = 0.014). SRP-D, CSPR-D and ST-W showed no difference from the baseline. High SL was observed for ST-W, OB3D-W and CTP-W, without significant differences from the control. CT showed the lowest SL, not differing from SRP-D and SRP-W. There was a weak negative correlation between SL and concentration of free fluoride in the slurries, SL and SR, and SL and pH, all p > 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Only one dentifrice increased surface roughness of enamel to a higher degree than brushing with saliva. Brushing with the test dentifrices did not cause higher enamel erosive wear than brushing with saliva. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study enhances our knowledge on the effect of desensitizing and whitening dentifrices, indicating that they do not worsen enamel loss due to abrasion and they might be a safe option for individuals with erosive tooth wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Custódio de Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Sara Laís Pereira da Paz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Samira Helena João-Souza
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Onwubu SC, Mdluli PS, Singh S. Evaluating the buffering and acid-resistant properties of eggshell-titanium dioxide composite against erosive acids. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2019; 17:2280800018809914. [PMID: 30803287 DOI: 10.1177/2280800018809914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This paper reports on the buffering and acid-resistant properties of a modified eggshell-titanium composite against citric acid attack. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eggshell-titanium EB-TiO2 was prepared by ball-milling eggshell powder and titanium dioxide. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize EB-TiO2. The buffering property against citric acid at pH values of 2, 4, and 5 was measured using a pH meter. Five brands of toothpaste (Colgate, Colgate Sensitive, Aquafresh, Oralwise, and Sensodyne) were used to assess the acid-resistant properties of EB-TiO2. Enamel models were simulated by dissolving each brand of toothpaste with eggshell (control) and EB-TiO2. The samples were exposed to citric acid of pH 2. The average slope (kPa/s) was measured using a pressure sensor. An analysis of variance was used to analyze the kPa/s values (α =.05). RESULTS: The FTIR and XRD analyses suggest the surface modification of EB-TiO2. The TEM image revealed spherical-shaped particles in EB-TiO2. The pH test results showed that the buffering properties of eggshell and EB-TiO2 were comparable. Significant differences were observed in the acid resistance properties of the samples exposed to citric acids ( P < .05). The Colgate toothpaste infused with eggshell powder had the highest mean kPa/s values, whereas Sensodyne infused with EB-TiO2 had the lowest kPa/s values. CONCLUSION: The salient features of this study indicate that modification of eggshell with titanium dioxide does not affect its carbonate buffering properties. Connecting the kPa/s values to acid-resistant properties, EB-TiO2 effectively reduces erosive attacks when added to toothpaste.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shenuka Singh
- 3 Discipline of Dentistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Durban, South Africa
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Abdelwahed AG, Temirek MM, Hassan FM. Antierosive Effect of Topical Fluorides: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Situ Studies. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:1523-1530. [PMID: 31198467 PMCID: PMC6542392 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of the application of topical fluorides in prevention of erosive tooth wear has been an issue of controversy in the literature. The objective of this systematic review was to assess in situ studies investigating the effects of using topical fluorides on prevention of erosive tooth wear MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. Eligibility criteria included in situ-controlled studies that assessed the effect of the erosive process without additional tooth brushing. The search involved English-written articles only. A total of 684 potentially relevant titles and abstracts were found after removal of duplicates, of which 22 full-text articles were selected. Seventeen studies were included in the qualitative synthesis of which 6 studies included in the meta-analysis. The following data were obtained for each study: authors, year of publication, country, study design, periods of study, duration, blinding, interventions (type/concentration/form), tooth substrate, location of the intraoral appliance, number of samples attached to each appliance, type of acidic media used for erosive challenge, duration of erosive challenge, subjects (number/age/sex), reported side effects -if any-, measuring device, amounts of tissue loss. RESULTS: The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias. A meta-analysis of the present study was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.2.048 software. CONCLUSION: The use of oral hygiene products containing AmF/NaF/SnCl2 or NaF may be effective in the prevention of erosive tooth wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gamal Abdelwahed
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, October 6 University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mohamed Temirek
- Conservative Dentistry Department; Faculty of Dentistry, Fayoum University, Faiyum, Egypt
| | - Fayez Mohamed Hassan
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Gonçalves DFM, Briso ALF, Pini NIP, Moda MD, Parpinelli de Oliveira R, Santos PHD, Fagundes TC. Effects of dentifrices on mechanical resistance of dentin and restorative materials after erosion and abrasion. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 97:7-12. [PMID: 31082715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical resistance of dentin and restorative materials submitted to erosive/abrasive challenges with different dentifrices. The dentin was restored using a resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGIC) or a composite resin (RC). One hemiface of the sample was protected, and the other was subdivided according to the applied dentifrice (n = 10): without fluoride (SF), sodium fluoride (NaF) and stannous fluoride (SnF). The specimens were submitted to erosive/abrasive cycles, the varnish was removed, and the Martens hardness (HMV) and elastic modulus (Eit) were evaluated. The data were analyzed by repeated two-way ANOVA measurements and Tukey tests (alpha = 0.05). When analyzing the HMV on the test side, there was no influence of the dentifrices in the dentin; however, the orders of NaF < SnF = SF in RC and SnF > NaF = SF in RMGIC were observed. Comparing the treated surfaces, there were no differences in the dentin, and only the SF since CR presented an HMV superior to that of RMGIC. Comparing control and test sides, both dentins obtained a decreased HMV after the erosive/abrasive challenge; for the restorative materials, superior values were found only for SnF in the RMGIC. The Eit values were influenced more by the dentifrices on the test side for the dentin adjacent to the RMGIC, with the lowest values shown for the SF, and for both materials, the highest values were shown for the SnF group. No differences were found when comparing each dentin treated with the same dentifrice; however, the RMGIC presented a superior Eit than the CR when brushed with both dentifrices with a fluoride. Comparing the control and test sides, the same results were obtained for the HMV. The dentifrices showed little influence on the dentin substrate, whereas the dentifrice with SnF enhanced the mechanical properties of the restorative materials, which was more evident in the RMGIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Felipe Mardegan Gonçalves
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba. R. José Bonifácio 1193, CEP, 16015-050, Araçatuba/SP, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Fraga Briso
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba. R. José Bonifácio 1193, CEP, 16015-050, Araçatuba/SP, Brazil
| | - Nubia Inocencya Pavesi Pini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Ingá University Center - UNINGÁ, 317 PR Road, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Mariana Dias Moda
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba. R. José Bonifácio 1193, CEP, 16015-050, Araçatuba/SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Parpinelli de Oliveira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba. R. José Bonifácio 1193, CEP, 16015-050, Araçatuba/SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba. R. José Bonifácio 1193, CEP, 16015-050, Araçatuba/SP, Brazil
| | - Ticiane Cestari Fagundes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba. R. José Bonifácio 1193, CEP, 16015-050, Araçatuba/SP, Brazil.
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Ionta FQ, Dos Santos NM, Mesquita IM, Dionísio EJ, Cruvinel T, Honório HM, Rios D. Is the dentifrice containing calcium silicate, sodium phosphate, and fluoride able to protect enamel against chemical mechanical wear? An in situ/ex vivo study. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:3713-3720. [PMID: 30623309 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2792-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a dentifrice that contains calcium silicate, sodium phosphate, and fluoride on erosive-abrasive enamel wear. MATERIAL AND METHODS This randomized, single-blind in situ/ex vivo study was conducted with four crossover phases of 5 days (one group tested per phase). Bovine enamel blocks (n = 256) were allocated to 16 volunteers and 8 groups. The groups under study were test dentifrice, with calcium silicate, sodium phosphate, and 1450 ppm sodium monofluorophosphate; tin dentifrice, with 3500 ppm stannous chloride, 700 ppm amine fluoride, and 700 ppm sodium fluoride; conventional dentifrice, with 1450 ppm sodium monofluorophosphate; and control (deionized water). Half of the enamel blocks were subjected to erosion and the other half to erosion plus abrasion. The daily extraoral protocol consisted in four citric acid exposures (2 min) and two applications of dentifrice slurry on all blocks for 30 s; after, half of the blocks were brushed for 15 s. The response variable was enamel loss. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Fisher's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS For erosion, the test dentifrice promoted less enamel loss than water (4.7 ± 3.1 and 5.8 ± 2.5 μm, respectively, p < 0.05), and did not differ from tin (4.8 ± 2.5 μm) and conventional (4.8 ± 1.4 μm) dentifrices (p > 0.05). However, the test dentifrice (7.7 ± 3.8 μm) promoted higher wear after erosive plus abrasive procedures than tin (5.4 ± 1.5 μm) and conventional (6.2 ± 1.7 μm, p < 0.05) dentifrices, and did not differ from water (6.9 ± 2.0 μm). CONCLUSIONS The investigated dentifrice reduced enamel loss against acid challenge but had no effect against acid and brushing challenge. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Little is known regarding the preventive effect of dentifrices indicated for dental erosion. The tested anti-erosive dentifrice was unable to protect enamel when erosion was associated to toothbrushing abrasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciny Querobim Ionta
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, PO Box 73, Bauru, SP, 17012-101, Brazil
| | - Natália Mello Dos Santos
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, PO Box 73, Bauru, SP, 17012-101, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maníglia Mesquita
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, PO Box 73, Bauru, SP, 17012-101, Brazil
| | - Evandro José Dionísio
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, PO Box 73, Bauru, SP, 17012-101, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cruvinel
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, PO Box 73, Bauru, SP, 17012-101, Brazil
| | - Heitor Marques Honório
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, PO Box 73, Bauru, SP, 17012-101, Brazil
| | - Daniela Rios
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, PO Box 73, Bauru, SP, 17012-101, Brazil.
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Ferraz LN, Pini NIP, Ambrosano GMB, Aguiar FHB, Lima DANL. Influence of cigarette smoke combined with different toothpastes on enamel erosion. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e114. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Carvalho JC, Scaramucci T, Aimée NR, Mestrinho HD, Hara AT. Early diagnosis and daily practice management of erosive tooth wear lesions. Br Dent J 2018; 224:311-318. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chitosan Biomaterials for Current and Potential Dental Applications. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10060602. [PMID: 28772963 PMCID: PMC5553419 DOI: 10.3390/ma10060602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (CHS) is a very versatile natural biomaterial that has been explored for a range of bio-dental applications. CHS has numerous favourable properties such as biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, biodegradability, and a broad antibacterial spectrum (covering gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria as well as fungi). In addition, the molecular structure boasts reactive functional groups that provide numerous reaction sites and opportunities for forging electrochemical relationships at the cellular and molecular levels. The unique properties of CHS have attracted materials scientists around the globe to explore it for bio-dental applications. This review aims to highlight and discuss the hype around the development of novel chitosan biomaterials. Utilizing chitosan as a critical additive for the modification and improvement of existing dental materials has also been discussed.
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Ablal MA, Milosevic A, Preston AJ, Higham SM. A novel approach to study in situ enamel erosion and abrasion lesions. J Dent 2017; 59:78-85. [PMID: 28232081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated previous hypotheses that the tongue can abrade acid softened/eroded enamel surfaces. METHODS Twelve upper removable appliances each retaining 2 anterior and 2 posterior human enamel specimens were constructed. Each specimen was exposed to acid on both surfaces, but only one surface was allowed contact with the tongue. Therefore, 96 surfaces were assessed. Appliances were worn from 9.30 to 17.00 Monday to Friday for 22days. Acid eroded lesions were created by immersing the specimens for 5min in 50ml orange juice three times daily. Enamel loss was measured using Quantitative light- induced fluorescence (QLF) and Non- contact profilometry (NCLP) and the differences (D) between tongue (Dt) and palate facing (DP) surfaces determined. RESULTS %ΔFD(t-p) from the two anterior specimens were greater than from those placed posteriorly with mean values of 15.9% (±9.1) and 14.4% (±8.4), 5.6% (±8.7) and 4.5% (±6.6) respectively. Similarly, NCLP data showed anterior specimens had greater differences for mean step height (MSH) between tongue- facing and the palate- facing (control) surfaces than posterior specimens. MSHD(t-p) values were 59.4μm (±30.3) for anterior tongue facing surfaces and 55.5μm (±29.4) for posterior palate facing surfaces. For the posterior specimens MSH was 48.1μm (±26.1) and 51.7μm (±30.4) respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The greater enamel surface loss of the anterior specimens demonstrates that abrasion by the tongue on acid softened/eroded enamel in situ is likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ablal
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK.
| | - A Milosevic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK
| | - A J Preston
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK
| | - S M Higham
- Department of Health Services Research/School of Dentistry, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, UK
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Ruben J, Truin GJ, Bronkhorst EM, Huysmans MCD. A new in situ model to study erosive enamel wear, a clinical pilot study. J Dent 2017; 57:32-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Seong J, Hall C, Young S, Parkinson C, Macdonald E, Jones SB, West N. A randomised clinical in situ study to evaluate the effects of novel low abrasivity anti-sensitivity dentifrices on dentine wear. J Dent 2017; 57:20-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Ganss C, Möllers M, Schlueter N. Do Abrasives Play a Role in Toothpaste Efficacy against Erosion/Abrasion? Caries Res 2016; 51:52-57. [DOI: 10.1159/000452867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abrasives may counteract the efficacy of anti-erosion toothpastes either due to physical effects or due to interaction with active agents. This study aimed to investigate whether the amount of abrasives is a determinant for the efficacy of Sn2+-containing toothpastes with or without chitosan additive. Enamel samples were eroded (0.50 wt% citric acid, pH 2.5; 6 × 2 min/day) on a shaking desk - 30/min in experiment 1 (E1) and 35/min in experiments 2 (E2) and 3 (E3) - and immersed in toothpaste slurries (2 × 2 min). Half of the samples were additionally brushed (15 s, load 200 g) within the immersion time. The toothpastes contained 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% silica. In E1 and E2 the active ingredients were F- (700 ppm as amine fluoride, 700 ppm as NaF) and Sn2+ (3,500 ppm as SnCl2); in E3 chitosan (0.5%) was additionally added. The placebo contained 20% silica. Tissue loss was determined profilometrically. In E1, slurries completely inhibited tissue loss; distinct surface deposits occurred. With brushing, tissue loss significantly increased up to an abrasive content of 10%, but decreased significantly with higher amounts; 20% silica revealed similar values as the abrasive-free formulation. In E2, all slurries inhibited tissue loss distinctly irrespective of the amounts of abrasives. With brushing, a similar trend as in E1 was observed but with much less efficacy. The chitosan-containing formulations in E3 were much more effective; similar results as in E1 were found. In conclusion, the amount of abrasives had no effect when toothpastes were applied as slurries, but played an important role with brushing.
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Diamanti I, Koletsi-Kounari H, Mamai-Homata E. Effect of toothpastes containing different NaF concentrations or a SnF2/NaF combination on root dentine erosive lesions, in vitro. J Clin Exp Dent 2016; 8:e577-e583. [PMID: 27957274 PMCID: PMC5149095 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluoride toothpastes presumably offer some protection against acid erosion. However, uncertainty exists towards fluoride's efficacy relatively to the concentration and the type of chemical compound used. This in vitro study evaluated the relative efficacy of toothpastes containing sodium fluoride in different concentrations or a stabilized stannous fluoride/sodium fluoride system on root dentine erosion. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bovine dentin specimens were allocated into four groups (n=10): control (no F), 1450ppm F (as NaF), 5000ppm F (as NaF) and 1450ppm F (1100ppm as stabilized SnF2 and 350ppm as NaF)/sodium hexamethaphosphate. The specimens were submitted to 6 daily cycles of erosion (0.3% v/v citric acid, pH=3.2, 20 min) and remineralization (~22h), interspersed by 2-min immersions in 1:3 w/v of dentifrice/distilled water slurries. Subsequently, they were subjected to a 24-h acid resistance test (0.3% v/v citric acid, pH=3.2) without any further treatments. Surface loss was quantified by contact profilometry. Data were analysed through one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's tests (p≤0.05). RESULTS In both experiments, all fluoride groups, showed significantly less tissue loss compared to the control (p<0.001-p=0.018). During erosion cycling, no significant differences were found among the fluoride groups. During the acid resistance test, the 5000ppm F toothpaste produced significantly superior effect than both 1450ppm F products (p=0.010, (p<0.001), which performed similarly. CONCLUSIONS Under less aggressive erosive conditions, fluoride toothpastes did not differ in their ability to protect dentine surfaces. However, in severely erosive environment, the 5000ppm F toothpaste performed superiorly to the other tested products. Key words:Dentine, sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, tooth erosion, toothpaste, contact profilometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Diamanti
- Visiting Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Haroula Koletsi-Kounari
- Associate Professor, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Mamai-Homata
- Associate Professor, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Abou Neel EA, Aljabo A, Strange A, Ibrahim S, Coathup M, Young AM, Bozec L, Mudera V. Demineralization-remineralization dynamics in teeth and bone. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:4743-4763. [PMID: 27695330 PMCID: PMC5034904 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s107624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is a dynamic, complex, lifelong process by which living organisms control precipitations of inorganic nanocrystals within organic matrices to form unique hybrid biological tissues, for example, enamel, dentin, cementum, and bone. Understanding the process of mineral deposition is important for the development of treatments for mineralization-related diseases and also for the innovation and development of scaffolds. This review provides a thorough overview of the up-to-date information on the theories describing the possible mechanisms and the factors implicated as agonists and antagonists of mineralization. Then, the role of calcium and phosphate ions in the maintenance of teeth and bone health is described. Throughout the life, teeth and bone are at risk of demineralization, with particular emphasis on teeth, due to their anatomical arrangement and location. Teeth are exposed to food, drink, and the microbiota of the mouth; therefore, they have developed a high resistance to localized demineralization that is unmatched by bone. The mechanisms by which demineralization-remineralization process occurs in both teeth and bone and the new therapies/technologies that reverse demineralization or boost remineralization are also scrupulously discussed. Technologies discussed include composites with nano- and micron-sized inorganic minerals that can mimic mechanical properties of the tooth and bone in addition to promoting more natural repair of surrounding tissues. Turning these new technologies to products and practices would improve health care worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensanya Ali Abou Neel
- Division of Biomaterials, Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Anas Aljabo
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Adam Strange
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Salwa Ibrahim
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Melanie Coathup
- UCL Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, London, UK
| | - Anne M Young
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Laurent Bozec
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Vivek Mudera
- UCL Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, London, UK
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Zheng J, Zeng Y, Wen J, Zheng L, Zhou Z. Impact wear behavior of human tooth enamel under simulated chewing conditions. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 62:119-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Teixeira L, Manarte-Monteiro P, Manso MC. Enamel lesions: Meta-analysis on effect of prophylactic/therapeutic agents in erosive tissue loss. J Dent Sci 2016; 11:215-224. [PMID: 30894976 PMCID: PMC6395268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to perform a meta-analysis on the effect of prophylactic/therapeutic agents in enamel tissue loss due to erosion. A paper search was done on Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, and 732 papers were identified. The inclusion criteria were very restrictive in order to be able to compare different protocols and methodologies used on those studies. Sixteen papers were eligible, grouped according to the measurement method of enamel tissue loss, and a meta-analysis was done for each type of fluoride- and casein-based agent applied. Standardized mean differences were pooled across studies. There was a significant difference between all the treatment groups and their respective control groups. The highest standardized mean difference on enamel tissue loss (mean; 95% confidence interval) was obtained by stannous fluoride (4.789 μm; 1.968-7.610; P < 0.001), followed by amine fluoride (2.485 μm; 0.746-4.225; P < 0.010), and titanium tetrafluoride (1.787 μm; 1.106-2.469; P < 0.001); the lowest difference was obtained by casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (0.869 μm; 0.007-1.731; P < 0.050) and sodium fluoride (0.820 μm; 0.417-1.223; P < 0.001). Stannous fluoride as a fluoride-based prophylactic/therapeutic agent allowed the lowest enamel tissue loss in erosive conditions. Standardization among future study protocols will allow better comparison regarding the prophylactic/therapeutic agent with the best clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Teixeira
- Conservative and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Manarte-Monteiro
- Conservative and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Conceição Manso
- Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, FP-ENAS, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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West NX, He T, Macdonald EL, Seong J, Hellin N, Barker ML, Eversole SL. Erosion protection benefits of stabilized SnF 2 dentifrice versus an arginine-sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrice: results from in vitro and in situ clinical studies. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:533-540. [PMID: 27477786 PMCID: PMC5318474 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of these investigations was to assess the ability of two fluoride dentifrices to protect against the initiation and progression of dental erosion using a predictive in vitro erosion cycling model and a human in situ erosion prevention clinical trial for verification of effectiveness. Materials and methods A stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrice (0.454 % SnF2 + 0.077 % sodium fluoride [NaF]; total F = 1450 ppm F) [dentifrice A] and a sodium monofluorophosphate [SMFP]/arginine dentifrice (1.1 % SMFP + 1.5 % arginine; total F = 1450 ppm F) [dentifrice B] were tested in a 5-day in vitro erosion cycling model and a 10-day randomized, controlled, double-blind, two-treatment, four-period crossover in situ clinical trial. In each study, human enamel specimens were exposed to repetitive product treatments using a standardized dilution of test products followed by erosive acid challenges in a systematic fashion. Results Both studies demonstrated statistically significant differences between the two products, with dentifrice A providing significantly better enamel protection in each study. In vitro, dentifrice A provided a 75.8 % benefit over dentifrice B (p < 0.05, ANOVA), while after 10 days in the in situ model, dentifrice A provided 93.9 % greater protection versus dentifrice B (p < 0.0001, general linear mixed model). Conclusion These results support the superiority of stabilized SnF2 dentifrices for protecting human teeth against the initiation and progression of dental erosion. Clinical relevance Stabilized SnF2 dentifrices may provide more significant benefits to consumers than conventional fluoride dentifrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- N X West
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, Bristol Dental School and Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK.
| | - T He
- Procter and Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - E L Macdonald
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, Bristol Dental School and Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - J Seong
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, Bristol Dental School and Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - N Hellin
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, Bristol Dental School and Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
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Soares LES, Soares ALS, De Oliveira R, Nahórny S. The effects of acid erosion and remineralization on enamel and three different dental materials: FT-Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:646-56. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Eduardo Silva Soares
- Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, UNIVAP, Research and Development Institute, IP&D Laboratory of Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy; LEVB, São José Dos Campos São Paulo Brazil
- Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, UNIVAP, Faculty of Healt & Sciences, FCS, School of Dentistry; São José Dos Campos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Silva Soares
- Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, UNIVAP, Research and Development Institute, IP&D Laboratory of Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy; LEVB, São José Dos Campos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rodrigo De Oliveira
- Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, UNIVAP, Research and Development Institute, IP&D Laboratory of Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy; LEVB, São José Dos Campos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Sidnei Nahórny
- Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, UNIVAP, Research and Development Institute, IP&D Laboratory of Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy; LEVB, São José Dos Campos São Paulo Brazil
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Bizhang M, Riemer K, Arnold WH, Domin J, Zimmer S. Influence of Bristle Stiffness of Manual Toothbrushes on Eroded and Sound Human Dentin--An In Vitro Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153250. [PMID: 27070901 PMCID: PMC4829200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to determine the influence of manual toothbrushes with different bristle stiffness on the abrasivity on eroded and sound human dentin. Materials and Methods Dentin specimens were made from impacted third molars and attributed to three groups: erosion-abrasion (EA), abrasion (A) and erosion (E). The specimens from EA and E were treated with 1% citric acid (pH 2.3) for 1 min rinsed, and neutralized with artificial saliva for 15 min. This cycle was repeated five times. Thereafter, specimens from EA and A were treated with three toothbrushes types with different bristle stiffness (soft, medium, and hard) in a custom-made toothbrushing machine. The brushing was performed at a load of 3 N with a toothpaste slurry for 630 s. This procedure was repeated five times, in group EA after each erosion cycle. EA and A groups passed through five cycles with a total of 6300 strokes. The abrasivity was analyzed by contact-free profilometry. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed for statistical analysis. Results With respect to bristle stiffness there was no statistically significant difference in dentin loss within the EA group. In group A, a statistically significantly higher dentin loss was found for the soft in comparison to the hard bristles. No statistically significant differences were measured between soft/medium and medium/hard toothbrushes. The amount of dentin loss from specimens in the EA group was significantly higher than in the A group. Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, the dentin loss in the Abrasion group was higher with soft bristles than with hard ones. This result might have an influence on the toothbrush recommendations for patients with non-carious cervical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Bizhang
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Katharina Riemer
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Arnold
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences in Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Julia Domin
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Stefan Zimmer
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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Effects of polyphosphates and fluoride on hydroxyapatite dissolution: A pH-stat investigation. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 63:40-46. [PMID: 26679200 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the immediate and sustained effect of sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) and sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP) associated or not with fluoride (F) on hydroxyapatite (HA) dissolution using an erosion-like model, considering as well as the influence of salivary coating. DESIGN Baseline dissolution rates were determined for HA discs using a pH-stat system. In the first set of experiments, HA discs were treated with 1100μgF/mL, 1% or 8% of HMP, 1% or 8% of TMP and 1100μgF/mL associated with 1% or 8% of HMP or TMP, totaling 9 groups (n=8). In a second phase, HA discs were kept in pooled human saliva at 37°C for 2h before treatment with deionised water and 1100μgF/mL associated with 1% or 8% of HMP or TMP, totaling 5 groups (n=8). The post-treatment dissolution rate was determined from three consecutive 30-min assays. Data were analysed using 2 and 3-way ANOVA followed by Fisher and Holm-Sidak methods, respectively (α=0.05). RESULTS All test solutions promoted reduction in HA dissolution rate when compared to baseline control in the first post-treatment run (p<0.001). However, a synergistic effect was only observed between fluoride and 1% HMP. Moreover, the duration of inhibitory effect was greater when 8% HMP and 1 or 8% HMP associated with F were assessed (p<0.001). The presence of salivary coating led to higher protection for all groups when compared to discs without coating (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The reduction of HA dissolution rate, as well as the duration of this effect were influenced by fluoride, type and concentration of phosphate salt and the presence of a salivary coating.
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Conceição J, Delbem A, Danelon M, da Camara D, Wiegand A, Pessan J. Fluoride gel supplemented with sodium hexametaphosphate reduces enamel erosive wear in situ. J Dent 2015; 43:1255-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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West NX, Seong J, Hellin N, Eynon H, Barker ML, He T. A clinical study to measure anti-erosion properties of a stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice relative to a sodium fluoride/triclosan dentifrice. Int J Dent Hyg 2015; 15:113-119. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- NX West
- University of Bristol Dental School and Hospital; Bristol UK
| | - J Seong
- University of Bristol Dental School and Hospital; Bristol UK
| | - N Hellin
- University of Bristol Dental School and Hospital; Bristol UK
| | - H Eynon
- Procter & Gamble Company; Mason OH USA
| | - ML Barker
- Procter & Gamble Company; Mason OH USA
| | - T He
- Procter & Gamble Company; Mason OH USA
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West N, Seong J, Macdonald E, He T, Barker M, Hooper S. A randomised clinical study to measure the anti-erosion benefits of a stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2015; 19:182-7. [PMID: 26015669 PMCID: PMC4439628 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.145817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To compare the enamel protection efficacy of stannous-containing sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP)/triclosan dentifrices marketed in India in an in situ erosion model with acidic challenge. Materials and Methods: This randomised and controlled, in situ, supervised, double-blind clinical trial employed a two-treatment, four-period crossover design, wherein subjects wore an appliance fitted with human enamel samples 6 h/day during each 10 day treatment period and swished twice daily with their assigned dentifrice slurry: Oral-B® Pro-Health (maximum 1,000 ppm F as sodium fluoride with stannous chloride) or Colgate® Strong Teeth with Cavity Protection (maximum 1,000 F as sodium MFP and triclosan). Subjects swished with 250 ml of orange juice over a 10 min period after each treatment and twice daily for the acidic erosive challenge. Enamel samples were measured for tooth surface loss using contact profilometry at baseline and day 10. Results: A total of 34 subjects were randomised to treatment; 32 subjects completed the final visit. Baseline profilometry measurements of the specimen surfaces were near zero within ± 0.3 μm, and no statistically significant difference (P > 0.48) on average was observed between the two test dentifrices. At day 10, the stannous-containing dentifrice demonstrated 88% less erosion (P < 0.0001) relative to the MFP/triclosan dentifrice. Estimated medians (95% confidence intervals) were 0.21 μm (0.17, 0.25) for the stannous-containing dentifrice versus 1.66 μm (1.39, 1.99) for the MFP/triclosan dentifrice. Both dentifrices were well-tolerated. Conclusions: Compared with MFP/triclosan toothpaste, a stabilised stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice gave statistically significantly greater protection against tooth enamel surface loss in situ following repeated acid erosive challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola West
- Department of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol Dental School and Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Joon Seong
- Department of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol Dental School and Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma Macdonald
- Department of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol Dental School and Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Tao He
- Procter and Gamble Company, Mason, OH, USA
| | | | - Susan Hooper
- Department of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol Dental School and Hospital, Bristol, UK
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Lussi A, Carvalho TS. The Future of Fluorides and Other Protective Agents in Erosion Prevention. Caries Res 2015; 49 Suppl 1:18-29. [DOI: 10.1159/000380886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of fluoride in caries prevention has been convincingly proven. In recent years, researchers have investigated the preventive effects of different fluoride formulations on erosive tooth wear with positive results, but their action on caries and erosion prevention must be based on different requirements, because there is no sheltered area in the erosive process as there is in the subsurface carious lesions. Thus, any protective mechanism from fluoride concerning erosion is limited to the surface or the near surface layer of enamel. However, reports on other protective agents show superior preventive results. The mechanism of action of tin-containing products is related to tin deposition onto the tooth surface, as well as the incorporation of tin into the near-surface layer of enamel. These tin-rich deposits are less susceptible to dissolution and may result in enhanced protection of the underlying tooth. Titanium tetrafluoride forms a protective layer on the tooth surface. It is believed that this layer is made up of hydrated hydrogen titanium phosphate. Products containing phosphates and/or proteins may adsorb either to the pellicle, rendering it more protective against demineralization, or directly to the dental hard tissue, probably competing with H+ at specific sites on the tooth surface. Other substances may further enhance precipitation of calcium phosphates on the enamel surface, protecting it from additional acid impacts. Hence, the future of fluoride alone in erosion prevention looks grim, but the combination of fluoride with protective agents, such as polyvalent metal ions and some polymers, has much brighter prospects.
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Seong J, Virani A, Parkinson C, Claydon N, Hellin N, Newcombe RG, West N. Clinical enamel surface changes following an intra-oral acidic challenge. J Dent 2015; 43:1013-20. [PMID: 25868879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigation of early enamel erosion using replica impressions to compare changes in enamel surface topography in vivo prior to and over a 24 h period following acid challenge. METHOD A single treatment, blinded, enamel replica clinical study was undertaken in 20 healthy subjects. Replica tooth impressions were taken at baseline, following acid challenge and 2, 4, 7 and 24 h post challenge. Subjects consumed 500 ml of acidic soft drink over 30 min. Scanning electron microscopy of surface tomography was characterised with a descriptive 5 point scale by four judges. Duplicate impressions were taken to assess reproducibility. RESULTS 18 subjects had scorable sequences. Descriptive analyses showed erosive changes following acid consumption and reparative changes in the subsequent 24 h period. Comparing baseline replica to the 24 h replica, there were no significant differences (p=0.26) in tooth surface characteristics. Comparing the replica taken immediately following acidic challenge with the subsequent replicas at 2, 4, 7 and 24 h, showed clear reduction of erosive effects on the enamel surface at 2 h (p=0.02) and a highly significant reduction at 4, 7 and 24 h (p<0.001). CONCLUSION This methodology demonstrated the ability to follow the progression and recovery of early erosive enamel lesions over 24 h being accurate and reproducible. This study suggests enamel repair commences within 2 h following a substantial acidic challenge and is completed 4-24 h later. After 24 h, the tooth surface appeared visibly indistinguishable from the original tooth surface, suggestive of a recovery process occurring. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Healthy erosive lifestyles often culminate in tooth wear. The time taken for enamel remineralisation following acidic challenge is unknown however, this study suggests the repair process is relatively slow following a substantial acidic challenge, and at least 4-24 h should elapse prior to further acidic consumption to allow for recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Seong
- Periodontology, Clinical Trials Unit, Bristol Dental School, Bristol, UK
| | - A Virani
- Periodontology, Clinical Trials Unit, Bristol Dental School, Bristol, UK
| | - C Parkinson
- Oral Care Medical Affairs Consumer Healthcare R&D, GlaxoSmithKine, Weybridge, UK
| | - N Claydon
- Periodontology, Clinical Trials Unit, Bristol Dental School, Bristol, UK
| | - N Hellin
- Periodontology, Clinical Trials Unit, Bristol Dental School, Bristol, UK
| | - R G Newcombe
- Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - N West
- Periodontology, Clinical Trials Unit, Bristol Dental School, Bristol, UK.
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Hove LH, Stenhagen KR, Mulic A, Holme B, Tveit AB. May caries-preventive fluoride regimes have an effect on dental erosive wear? An in situ study. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 73:114-20. [PMID: 25226048 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2014.956146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High and low concentration NaF regimes have shown caries protective properties, but the preventive effect against erosive/abrasive wear is unclear. AIM. To measure the inhibiting effect on enamel wear of low and highly concentrated sodium fluoride (NaF) toothpastes and a stannous (SnF2) fluoride gel in a single-blind, randomized in situ study, using a White Light Interferometer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen human molars were each divided into four specimens, mounted on acrylic mouth appliances and worn by eight volunteers for 9 days. Experimental procedures were performed in the laboratory. The enamel specimens were brushed every day with fluoride-free toothpaste. Treatments; group 1: no fluoride treatment (control), group 2: SnF2 gel 2500 ppm F (5 min) every third day, group 3: NaF toothpaste 5000 ppm F 5 min every third day and 2 min the other days, group 4: NaF toothpaste 1450 ppm F (2 min) every day. In order to mimic gastric reflux/vomiting, the specimens were etched with 0.01 M HCl for 2 min twice a day. RESULTS The mean step height (µm) for the control specimens was -32.9 (SD = 6.8). The mean values for the other groups were -22.2 (SD = 8.4) (group 2), -30.8 (SD = 7.8) (group 3) and -31.4 (SD = 7.7) (group 4). Compared with the control, the SnF2 treated specimens showed significantly lower wear. The NaF toothpastes gave no significant protective effect. CONCLUSIONS Application of SnF2 gel every third day gave protection against erosive-abrasive challenges. Daily application of both low concentration and high concentration NaF toothpaste provided no protection.
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Hayasaki H, Saitoh I, Nakakura-Ohshima K, Hanasaki M, Nogami Y, Nakajima T, Inada E, Iwasaki T, Iwase Y, Sawami T, Kawasaki K, Murakami N, Murakami T, Kurosawa M, Kimi M, Kagoshima A, Soda M, Yamasaki Y. Tooth brushing for oral prophylaxis. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Pinto SCS, Bandéca MC, Pinheiro MC, Cavassim R, Tonetto MR, Borges AH, Sampaio JEC. Preventive effect of a high fluoride toothpaste and arginine-carbonate toothpaste on dentinal tubules exposure followed by acid challenge: a dentine permeability evaluation. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:385. [PMID: 24958423 PMCID: PMC4105831 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the current high use of high fluoride toothpastes, the aim of the study was to quantify alterations in the root dentine permeability submitted to treatment with a high fluoride toothpaste and 8% arginine, calcium carbonate, sodium monofluorophosphate toothpaste as a preventive treatment for dentinal tubules exposure followed by acid challenge. Methods Thirty-third molars were sectioned below the cementoenamel. The root segments were connected to a hydraulic pressure apparatus to measure dentine permeability after the following sequential steps (n = 10 per group): I) Baseline; II) treatment with phosphoric acid for 30 s (maximum permeability); III) Toothbrushing (1 min) according to the experimental groups (G1- control; G2- 5000 ppm fluoride toothpaste; G3- 8% arginine-calcium carbonate toothpaste); IV) acid challenge for 5 min (orange juice). The data were converted into percentage, considering stage II as 100%. Results The results have shown a statistically significant decreasing on dentine permeability after treatment with toothpaste (Friedman test and Dunn’s post hoc test). Comparison among groups demonstrated a high increasing on dentine permeability when acid challenge was performed after toothbrushing with distilled water (control group) (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s post hoc test). Conclusion The toothpaste treatment may provide sufficient resistance on dentine surface, preventing dentinal tubules exposure after acid challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matheus Coelho Bandéca
- Department of Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, Sao Luis, MA, Brazil.
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Baig AA, Faller RV, Yan J, Ji N, Lawless M, Eversole SL. Protective effects of SnF2 - Part I. Mineral solubilisation studies on powdered apatite. Int Dent J 2014; 64 Suppl 1:4-10. [PMID: 24571698 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the ability of two active ingredients - sodium fluoride (NaF) and stannous fluoride (SnF2 ) - to inhibit hydroxyapatite (HAP) dissolution in buffered acidic media. METHODS Two in vitro studies were conducted. HAP powder, which is representative of tooth mineral, was pretreated with: test solutions of NaF or SnF2 , 10 g solution per 300 mg HAP powder (Study 1); or NaF or SnF2 dentifrice slurry supernatants, 20 g supernate per 200 mg HAP powder for 1 minute followed by three washes with water, then dried (Study 2). About 50 mg of pretreated HAP was exposed to 25 ml of acid dissolution media adjusted to and maintained at pH 4.5 in a Metrohn Titrino reaction cell. Exposure of HAP to the media results in dissolution and release of hydroxide ion, increasing the pH of the solution. The increase in pH is compensated for by automatic additions of acid to maintain the original pH (4.5) of the reaction cell. Total volume of titrant added after 30 minutes was used to calculate the percentage reduction in dissolution versus non-treated HAP control. RESULTS Both F sources provided protection against acid dissolution; however, in each study, SnF2 -treated HAP was significantly more acid-resistant than the NaF treated mineral. In study 1, at 280 ppm F, representing concentrations of F found in the mouth after in vivo dentifrice use, the reduction in HAP dissolution was 47.7% for NaF and 75.7% for the SnF2 -treated apatite (extrapolated). In study 2, the reduction in HAP dissolution was 61.3% for NaF and 92.8% for SnF2 -treated samples. Differences in percentage reduction were statistically significant (Paired-t test). CONCLUSIONS Results of these studies demonstrate that both of the fluoride sources tested enhance the acid resistance of tooth mineral and that resistance is significantly greater after treatment with SnF2 compared with treatment of tooth mineral with NaF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif A Baig
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, USA
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Faller RV, Eversole SL. Protective effects of SnF2 - Part III. Mechanism of barrier layer attachment. Int Dent J 2014; 64 Suppl 1:16-21. [PMID: 24571700 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the ability of various fluoride salts to protect enamel against acid attack via a barrier mechanism. METHODS Extracted human enamel specimens were cleaned and rinsed, then soaked in pooled human saliva for 1 hour to initiate formation of an early pellicle. Groups of three specimens each were etched for 10 minutes in 1% citric acid (pH 2.3), treated in a 1:3 slurry of dentifrice [1,100 ppm F as stannous fluoride (SnF2 ), 1,100 ppm F as sodium fluoride (NaF), 1,000 ppm F as sodium monofluorophosphate (SMFP), or 1,400 ppm F as amine fluoride (AmF)] and saliva for 2 minutes, exposed to 2% alizarin red-S (a calcium-selective dye) and rinsed again. The relative ability of each test product to deposit a barrier layer on the enamel surface was measured by its ability to protect against attachment of the calcium-selective dye. RESULTS Specimens treated with the SnF2 dentifrice showed the least dye attachment, indicating a high level of surface protection. On a five-point scale, with 0 being no dye deposition (100% protection) and four being complete dye coverage (0% protection), the SnF2 -treated specimens scored an average of 0.25, with NaF scoring 3.4, SMFP scoring 3.4 and AmF scoring 3.7. Protection of the enamel surface was significantly higher for the SnF2 product than for the other products (P < 0.05), with no significant differences among the other three F salts. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that after an aggressive acid challenge, SnF2 deposits a barrier layer onto the pellicle-coated enamel surface, and the barrier layer which attaches onto acid challenged tooth surfaces is different from any that might be provided by treatment with the other fluoride compounds tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert V Faller
- Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Hooper S, Seong J, Macdonald E, Claydon N, Hellin N, Barker ML, He T, West NX. A randomised in situ trial, measuring the anti-erosive properties of a stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice compared with a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice. Int Dent J 2014; 64 Suppl 1:35-42. [PMID: 24571703 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if a stabilised, stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice provides greater enamel protection in situ against intraoral dietary erosive challenges compared with a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice. METHODS A single-centre, investigator blind, randomised, supervised, two-treatment, non-brushing, four-period crossover in situ study was undertaken, with each test period being 15 days. Thirty-five healthy adult subjects were recruited to participate in the study, which included four erosive acid challenges per day. Subjects were randomised to product treatment, which included either: (1) a stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice (Oral-B(®) Pro-Expert Sensitive) or (2) a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice (Sensodyne(®) Pronamel(®) ). Each study subject wore an intraoral appliance retaining two sterilised, polished human enamel samples for 6 hours/day. Subjects swished with an allocated dentifrice slurry twice a day and with 250 ml of orange juice for 10 minutes (25 ml/minute over a 10-minute period) four times per day. The primary and secondary outcomes for this study were enamel loss measured using contact profilometry at days 15 and 5, respectively, using parametric analysis methods. RESULTS At day 15, a 38% lower enamel loss (P < 0.0001) was observed, with estimated medians of 2.03 μm (SE 0.247) and 3.30 μm (SE 0.379), in favour of the stannous-containing dentifrice. At day 5, specimens treated with the stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice demonstrated 25% less enamel loss than those treated with the sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice. Treatment differences at day 5 were also statistically significant (P < 0.05), with estimated medians of 1.37 μm (SE 0.177) and 1.83 μm (SE 0.223), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Results of this in situ study suggest the stabilised, stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice could be used to provide significantly greater protection to enamel from erosive acid challenge compared with that provided by conventional fluoride-containing products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hooper
- Clinical Trials Unit, Bristol Dental School, Bristol, UK
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Eversole SL, Saunders-Burkhardt K, Faller RV. Erosion protection comparison of stabilised SnF2, mixed fluoride active and SMFP/arginine-containing dentifrices. Int Dent J 2014; 64 Suppl 1:22-8. [DOI: 10.1111/idj.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Bellamy PG, Harris R, Date RF, Mussett AJ, Manly A, Barker ML, Hellin N, West NX. In situ clinical evaluation of a stabilised, stannous fluoride dentifrice. Int Dent J 2014; 64 Suppl 1:43-50. [DOI: 10.1111/idj.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Khambe D, Eversole SL, Mills T, Faller RV. Protective effects of SnF2 - Part II. Deposition and retention on pellicle-coated enamel. Int Dent J 2014; 64 Suppl 1:11-15. [PMID: 24571699 PMCID: PMC9376518 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Deposition of an acid-resistant barrier onto enamel represents a potentially superior means for delivering protection against dietary, erosive acid challenges. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the ability of a stabilised stannous fluoride (SnF2 ) dentifrice to: (1) deposit a SnF2 barrier layer onto pellicle-coated enamel surfaces; (2) increase the intensity of the barrier layer over time; and (3) be retained on the enamel surface for hours after product use. METHODS Squares of human enamel were exposed to pooled saliva for 1 hour (pellicle formation) and separated into six sets. Set 1 was treated with the supernatant of a 1:3 slurry of the test dentifrice (Crest(®) Pro-Health(®) : water for 2 minutes), then rinsed. Set 2 was treated in the same manner and then placed into saliva (6 hours). Set 3 was cycled through seven repeated treatments. Set 4 was treated for seven cycles and then placed into saliva (6 hours). Set 5 was a water control, and set 6 was a water control that remained in saliva for 6 hours. Surface analysis of specimens was done using laser ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS). RESULTS Deposition of a barrier layer was demonstrated, beginning with the initial treatment, with Sn (using isotopes (117) Sn + (120) Sn) measured on the enamel surface as the reference marker. Deposition of the barrier layer was greater after seven cycles, and the retention of this layer was highly significant (P = 0.05, anova: 6 hours). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that: (1) the stabilised SnF2 dentifrice deposits a barrier layer onto the enamel surface, beginning with the first use of the product; (2) this barrier is enhanced following multiple treatments; and (3) the barrier layer is retained on the enamel surface for hours after product use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert V. Faller
- Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Faller RV, Eversole SL, Saunders-Burkhardt K. Protective benefits of a stabilised stannous-containing fluoride dentifrice against erosive acid damage. Int Dent J 2014; 64 Suppl 1:29-34. [DOI: 10.1111/idj.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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