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Panda M, Joshi S, Annalakshmi O, C VS, Venkatraman B. Spectroscopic and dosimetric comparison of tooth enamel separation methods for EPR retrospective dosimetry. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30571. [PMID: 38742072 PMCID: PMC11089350 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise estimation of individual radiation dose utilizing biomaterials (fingernail, bone, and tooth) is very challenging due to their complex sample processing. Despite, tooth enamel, the most mineralized tissue of tooth is used for this purpose due to its high radiation sensitivity and ability to produce radiation induced long lived CO2- radicals. However, human teeth are not always available, and invasive nature of sample collection adds to the complexity making dose estimation difficult. In such cases, animal teeth (goat, cow, and moose) can be used as a substitute for human teeth due to comparable enamel sensitivity. Moreover, separation of enamel from dentine is a crucial step towards accurate dose estimation from irradiated teeth. In this work, Indian goat teeth were used as it was readily available to us and the comparison of goat enamel sensitivity to radiation was found to be within ∼7.4 % that of human. The enamel samples were separated following two chemical methods; (1) density separation using sodium polytungstate, (2) alkaline denaturation using NaOH and the quality was compared based on their purity and radiation sensitivity. Combined results of spectroscopic characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman analysis authenticated the crystallinity and purity of the separated enamel samples. The radiation sensitivity of separated enamel samples was compared by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis as a part of dosimetric characterization. The suitability of both the samples for retrospective dosimetry and epidemiological studies was checked by validating the dose estimated from separated enamel samples with standard alanine/EPR dosimeter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita Panda
- Safety Quality and Research Management Group, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, 603102, India
| | - Shailesh Joshi
- Safety Quality and Research Management Group, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, 603102, India
| | - O. Annalakshmi
- Safety Quality and Research Management Group, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, 603102, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, 603102, India
| | - Venkata Srinivas C
- Safety Quality and Research Management Group, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, 603102, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, 603102, India
| | - B. Venkatraman
- Safety Quality and Research Management Group, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, 603102, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, IGCAR, Kalpakkam, 603102, India
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Osborne PG, Pasupuleti RR, Lee C, Ponnusamy VK. Towards a replacement therapy for stimulant betel quid dependence: A proof of concept study. Addict Biol 2024; 29:e13371. [PMID: 38380696 PMCID: PMC10898838 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Stimulant betel quid (SBQ) containing Piper betle leaf (L), green unripe Areca catechu nut (AN) and the alkalizing agent, slaked lime, is an addictive, carcinogenic stimulant, with no pharmacotherapy, chewed by millions of people in the Asia/Pacific region. We compared the in vivo physiological profile of chewing (1) non-stimulant P. betle leaf+AN (LAN), (2) SBQ utilizing slaked lime and (3) a novel SBQ utilizing Mg(OH)2 , as an alkalizing agent, by measuring physiological parameters of intoxication and these were correlated with in vitro levels of alkaloids measured by UHPLC-MS/MS. Chewing LAN, which contains high levels of arecoline, had no stimulatory physiological effect. Chewing SBQ containing slaked lime or novel SBQ containing Mg(OH)2 , induced equivalent stimulatory physiological responses. In vitro, slaked lime hydrolyzed muscarinic esters in LAN while Mg(OH)2 did not. The physiological stimulation induced by chewing both SBQ and the lack of physiology to chewing LAN can be explained by changes in lipid solubility of phytochemicals induced by mouth pH during chewing of basic SBQ or acidic LAN. Since antiquity people have added slaked lime to SBQ to enhance absorption of phyto-chemicals across oral membranes to stimulate physiology. The same physiological changes can be induced by substituting slaked lime for less physically and chemically destructive bases. If attitudes regarding SBQ dependence can advance towards the more progressive attitudes already used to help smokers quit tobacco, modern chemistry has the potential to make chewing SBQ safer and quitting programs may become more accessible and efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ragavendra Rao Pasupuleti
- Department of Medicinal and Applied ChemistryKaohsiung Medical University (KMU)Kaohsiung CityTaiwan
- Present address:
Department of ChemistryIndiana University BloomingtonINUSA
| | - Chien‐Hung Lee
- Research Center for Precision Environmental MedicineKaohsiung Medical University (KMU)Kaohsiung CityTaiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Health SciencesKaohsiung Medical University (KMU)Kaohsiung CityTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchKaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH)Kaohsiung CityTaiwan
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied ChemistryKaohsiung Medical University (KMU)Kaohsiung CityTaiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental MedicineKaohsiung Medical University (KMU)Kaohsiung CityTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchKaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH)Kaohsiung CityTaiwan
- Department of ChemistryNational Sun Yat‐sen University (NSYSU)Kaohsiung CityTaiwan
- Program of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere ScienceNational Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology (NKUST)Kaohsiung CityTaiwan
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Ergucu Z, Yoruk I, Erdoğan A, Boyacıoğlu H, Hill R, Baysan A. The Use of Toothpastes Containing Different Formulations of Fluoride and Bioglass on Bleached Enamel. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1368. [PMID: 36836998 PMCID: PMC9963374 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the application of toothpaste either containing calcium sodium phospho-silicate bioglass (NovaMin) or calcium fluorosilicate bioglass (BioMinF) on the surface mineral composition and morphology of enamel after bleaching procedure. Methods: Thirty extracted noncarious human teeth were allocated into five groups (n = 6). Group 1: Bleaching using 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and fluoridated toothpaste containing bioactive glass (1450 ppm fluoride). Group 2: Bleaching using 40%HP and toothpaste containing calcium fluorosilicate bioglass (540 ppm fluoride). Group 3: Bleaching using 40%HP and fluoridated toothpaste (1450 ppm fluoride). Group 4: Bleaching alone using 40%HP. Group 5: Negative control with distilled water alone. The surface morphology was evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM). The concentration of elements as atomic percentages were determined by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Results: This laboratory-based study reported that SPM and SEM detected minor changes on the surfaces of all toothpaste-treated enamel samples (Groups 1-3) after 45 days. Bioactive glass deposits were observed on enamel surfaces in Groups 1 and 2, whilst the bleaching-alone samples (Group 4) had rough enamel surfaces. XPS reported that toothpaste containing calcium fluorosilicate bioglass (Group 2) had a high atomic% of calcium and phosphate, whilst silicon values were high in the toothpaste containing bioactive glass and 1450 ppm fluoride (Group 1) after bleaching procedure when compared to other groups (p < 0.05). In addition, EDS detected the highest %F in Groups 1, 2 and 5. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this laboratory-based study, there was no significant decrease in the Ca%, P% values and surface properties of enamel after the bleaching procedure following the use of different formulations of toothpastes for a period of 45 days. However, the Ca% and P% values were significantly high for the toothpaste containing calcium fluorosilicate bioglass (BioMinF) on the bleached enamel. Clinical relevance: The bleaching process can provide optimum aesthetic outcomes, but the effect of peroxides on hard tissues is still in question. Toothpastes containing different formulations of fluoride and bioactive glass might have the potential to prevent mineral loss on bleached enamel. However, further laboratory-based studies and controlled double-blind randomised clinical trials are required to interpret the effects of toothpastes with different fluoride and bioactive glass formulations on enamel surfaces following bleaching procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ergucu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Inci Yoruk
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Ayşegül Erdoğan
- Ege University Application and Research Center for Testing and Analysis (EGE MATAL), Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Hayal Boyacıoğlu
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Robert Hill
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - Aylin Baysan
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London E1 2AD, UK
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Biomimetic Mineralization of Tooth Enamel Using Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite under Various Dental Surface Pretreatment Conditions. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7030111. [PMID: 35997431 PMCID: PMC9397024 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7030111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we demonstrated the formation of a biomimetic mineralizing layer obtained on the surface of dental enamel (biotemplate) using bioinspired nanocrystalline carbonate-substituted calcium hydroxyapatite (ncHAp), whose physical and chemical properties are closest to the natural apatite dental matrix, together with a complex of polyfunctional organic and polar amino acids. Using a set of structural, spectroscopy, and advanced microscopy techniques, we confirmed the formation of a nanosized ncHAp-based mineralized layer, as well as studying its chemical, substructural, and morphological features by means of various methods for the pretreatment of dental enamel. The pretreatment of a biotemplate in an alkaline solution of Ca(OH)2 and an amino acid booster, together with the executed subsequent mineralization with ncHAp, led to the formation of a mineralized layer with homogeneous micromorphology and the preferential orientation of the ncHAp nanocrystals. It was shown that the homogeneous crystallization of hydroxyapatite on the biotemplate surface and binding of individual nanocrystals and agglomerates into a single complex by an amino acid booster resulted in an increase (~15%) in the nanohardness value in the enamel rods area, compared to that of healthy natural enamel. Obtaining a similar hierarchy and cleavage characteristics as natural enamel in the mineralized layer, taking into account the micromorphological features of dental tissue, is an urgent problem for future research.
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Xue VW, Zhao IS, Yin IX, Niu JY, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Effects of 9,300 nm Carbon Dioxide Laser on Dental Hard Tissue: A Concise Review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2021; 13:155-161. [PMID: 33958895 PMCID: PMC8096333 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s304273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A carbon dioxide laser at 9,300 nm has a high absorption affinity for water and a shallow depth of penetration. It can be used for soft tissue surgery and hemostasis. Besides, it matches well with the absorption characteristic of hydroxyapatite in enamel and dentine. Therefore, the laser possesses a great ability for energy transfer to dental hard tissues. It has a low risk of thermo-damage to the dentine-pulp complex because it has a shallow depth of heat absorption. Hence, the laser is safe for dental hard tissue preparation. A carbon dioxide laser at 9,300 nm can effectively alter the chemical structure of teeth. It increases the ratio of calcium to phosphorus and converts the carbonated hydroxyapatite to the purer hydroxyapatite of enamel and dentine. It can alter the surface morphology of a tooth through surface melting, fusion, and ablation of dentine and enamel. At higher power, it removes caries lesions. It can enhance the success of restoration by increasing the bond strength of dental adhesives to the dentine and enamel. A carbon dioxide laser at 9,300 nm can also be used with fluoride for caries prevention. The advancement of technology allows the laser to be delivered in very short pulse durations and high repetition rates (frequency). Consequently, the laser can now be used with high peak power. The objective of this review is to discuss the effects and potential use of a 9,300 nm carbon dioxide laser on dental hard tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Wenqing Xue
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Irene Shuping Zhao
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | | | - John Yun Niu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Investigating mineralization species in cultured bone from human mesenchymal stem cells using synchrotron-based XANES. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Alkahtani R, Stone S, German M, Waterhouse P. A review on dental whitening. J Dent 2020; 100:103423. [PMID: 32615235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a narrative review on vital dental whitening chemistry, toxicity and safety, vital dental whitening techniques, whitening systems, potential side effects of whitening and cyclic whitening using products with a range of concentrations and pH values. In addition, new developments and recommendations in the field of vital dental whitening will be presented to help clinicians understand the whitening process, its advantages, limitations, and the impact of whitening concentration and pH on enamel providing guidance in tailoring whitening treatments. DATA Data were gathered using the following keywords: dental whitening, roughness, hardness, sensitivity, hydrogen peroxide, whitening pH, whitening concentration, whitening chemistry, colour, and toxicity. SOURCES An electronic search was performed using PubMed and Scopus databases. Bibliographic material from papers reviewed was then used to find other relevant publications. CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of vital dental whitening depends on many factors, such as the concentration/pH of the whitening agent, application duration, chemical additives, and re-mineralising agents used. Developing new whitening products and technologies such as nano-additives and alternative carrier systems is showing promising results, and might prove efficient in maximising whitening benefits by accelerating the whitening reaction and/or minimising expected reversible/irreversible enamel structural damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Alkahtani
- College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4BW, United Kingdom.
| | - Simon Stone
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4BW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew German
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4BW, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Waterhouse
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE2 4BW, United Kingdom
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Ortiz-Ruiz AJ, Teruel-Fernández JDD, Alcolea-Rubio LA, Hernández-Fernández A, Martínez-Beneyto Y, Gispert-Guirado F. Structural differences in enamel and dentin in human, bovine, porcine, and ovine teeth. Ann Anat 2018; 218:7-17. [PMID: 29604387 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to study differences between crystalline nanostructures from the enamel and dentin of human, bovine, porcine, and ovine species. METHODS Dentine and enamel fragments extracted from sound human, bovine, porcine and ovine incisors and molars were mechanically ground up to a final particle size of <100μm. Samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). RESULTS Human enamel (HE) and dentin (HD) showed a-axis and c-axis lengths of the carbonate apatite (CAP) crystal lattice nearer to synthetic hydroxyapatite (SHA), which had the smallest size. Enamel crystal sizes were always higher than those of dentin for all species. HE and HD had the largest crystal, followed by bovine samples. Hydroxyapatites (HAs) in enamel had a higher crystallinity index (CI), CIRietveld and CIFTIR, than the corresponding dentin of the same species. HE and HD had the highest CIs, followed by ovine enamel (OE). The changes in heat capacity that were nearest to values in human teeth during the glass transition (ΔCp) were in porcine specimens. There was a significant direct correlation between the size of the a-axis and the substitution by both type A and B carbonates. The size of the nanocrystals and the crystallinity (CIRietveld y CIFTIR) were significantly and negatively correlated with the proteic phase of all the substrates. There was a strongly positive correlation between the caloric capacity, the CIs and the crystal size and a strongly negative correlation between carbonates type A and B and proteins. CONCLUSIONS There are differences in the organic and inorganic content of human, bovine, porcine and ovine enamels and dentins which should be taken into account when interpreting the results of studies using animal substrates as substitutes for human material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio José Ortiz-Ruiz
- Deparment of Integral Pediatric Denstistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Hospital Morales Meseguer, 2(a) Planta, c/Marqués de los Velez s/n, 30008 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juan de Dios Teruel-Fernández
- Deparment of Integral Pediatric Denstistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Hospital Morales Meseguer, 2(a) Planta, c/Marqués de los Velez s/n, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Alberto Alcolea-Rubio
- Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación Tecnológica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Edificio I+D+i, Calle Linterna s/n, Campus Muralla de Mar 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Hernández-Fernández
- Deparment of Integral Pediatric Denstistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Hospital Morales Meseguer, 2(a) Planta, c/Marqués de los Velez s/n, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Martínez-Beneyto
- Deparment of Integral Pediatric Denstistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Hospital Morales Meseguer, 2(a) Planta, c/Marqués de los Velez s/n, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francesc Gispert-Guirado
- Servei de Recursos Científics i Técnics, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda, Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Serna Muñoz C, Pérez Silva A, Solano F, Castells MT, Vicente A, Ortiz Ruiz AJ. Effect of antibiotics and NSAIDs on cyclooxygenase-2 in the enamel mineralization. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29515175 PMCID: PMC5841276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22607-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether the use of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in childhood could disturb enamel mineralization. Forty-two Swiss mice were divided into seven groups: controls; amoxicillin; amoxicillin/clavulanate; erythromycin; acetaminophen; ibuprofen and celecoxib, to inhibit cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). SEM-EDX analysis was conducted on all cusps of the third molars. Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), aluminum, potassium, sodium, magnesium and chlorine were quantified. The stoichiometric Ca/P molar ratios were calculated. Immunohistochemical quantification of COX2 in incisors was carried out by image analysis using COX2-specific immunostaining. Groups treated with antibiotics showed no significant differences in the content of the chemical elements. Only acetaminophen and celecoxib showed a significant decrease in Ca and P compared with the control samples. Ca/P ratios showed no difference. Groups treated with amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, erythromycin and acetaminophen showed significantly lower amounts of immunoreactive COX2 at the enamel organ maturation stage of the mouse incisors. Our results suggest that COX2 is involved in the maturation stage of the enamel organ and that its inhibition would appear to alter amelogenesis, producing hypomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Serna Muñoz
- Department of Integral Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Amparo Pérez Silva
- Department of Integral Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Solano
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Teresa Castells
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine & Research Supporting Facility, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ascensión Vicente
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Antonio José Ortiz Ruiz
- Department of Integral Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Viana PS, Orlandi MO, Pavarina AC, Machado AL, Vergani CE. Chemical composition and morphology study of bovine enamel submitted to different sterilization methods. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:733-744. [PMID: 28667399 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The morphology and chemical composition of enamel submitted to different sterilization methods was studied. METHODS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were performed to evaluate 50 bovine enamel specimens sterilized using four methods: microwaving (MI), gamma irradiation (GI), ethylene oxide (EO), and steam autoclave (SA). Non-sterilized specimens were used as control. RESULTS XPS indicated that the concentration of P (phosphorus), CO3 (carbonate), and CO3/P was not changed in all groups. GI produced no significant change on elemental composition. SA produced the major decrease in calcium (Ca), Ca/P ratio, and increase in N (nitrogen). MI was found to decrease Ca, Ca/P ratio and O (oxygen), and increase in C (carbon) and N. EO produced decrease in Ca and O with increased C concentration. FEG-SEM revealed surface and in-depth morphological changes on SA specimens. Minor surface alterations were observed for EO and for MI groups, and no alteration was observed on GI group. EDS indicated no difference on elemental composition of enamel bulk among groups. CONCLUSIONS SA produced mineral loss and morphological alterations on surface and in depth. MI and EO sterilization caused mineral loss showing only slight alteration on enamel surface. GI sterilization preserves the morphological characteristics of enamel. The sterilization methods could be classified from lower to high damage as GI < MI < EO < SA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is a comprehensive comparative study where different methods for enamel sterilization were investigated in terms of chemical changes. The results presented here may help researchers to choose the most appropriate method for their research setting and purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Viana
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, N° 1680, Araraquara, SP, CEP:14801-903, Brazil
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Santo Amaro, UNISA, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M O Orlandi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - A C Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, N° 1680, Araraquara, SP, CEP:14801-903, Brazil
| | - A L Machado
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, N° 1680, Araraquara, SP, CEP:14801-903, Brazil
| | - C E Vergani
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, N° 1680, Araraquara, SP, CEP:14801-903, Brazil.
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Jablonowski L, Fricke K, Matthes R, Holtfreter B, Schlüter R, von Woedtke T, Weltmann KD, Kocher T. Removal of naturally grown human biofilm with an atmospheric pressure plasma jet: An in-vitro study. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:718-726. [PMID: 27539641 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The removal of biofilm is a prerequisite for a successful treatment of biofilm-associated diseases. In this study, we compared the feasibility of an atmospheric pressure plasma device with a sonic powered brush to remove naturally grown supragingival biofilm from extracted teeth. Twenty-four periodontally hopeless teeth were extracted. Argon jet plasma with an oxygen admixture of 1 vol% and a sonically driven brush were used to remove biofilm with application times of 60 s, 180 s and 300 s. The treatment efficiency was assessed with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The highest biofilm removal rate was observed after an application time of 180 s/300 s with the sonic brush (80.4%/86.2%), plasma (75.5%/89.0%). These observations were confirmed by SEM. According to XPS analysis, plasma treatment decreased the amount of carbon and nitrogen, indicative of an extensive removal of proteins. Plasma treatment of naturally grown biofilm resulted in an effective cleaning of the tooth surface and was comparable to mechanical treatment. Treatment time had a significant influence on plaque reduction. These results showed that plasma could be a useful adjuvant treatment modality in cases where biofilm removal or reduction plays a decisive role, such as periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Plasma-treated biofilm on an extracted tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Jablonowski
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katja Fricke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rutger Matthes
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rabea Schlüter
- Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Weltmann
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
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12
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A simple, sensitive and non-destructive technique for characterizing bovine dental enamel erosion: attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Int J Oral Sci 2016; 8:54-60. [PMID: 27025266 PMCID: PMC4822184 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2015.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many techniques are available to assess enamel erosion in vitro, a simple, non-destructive method with sufficient sensitivity for quantifying dental erosion is required. This study characterized the bovine dental enamel erosion induced by various acidic beverages in vitro using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Deionized water (control) and 10 acidic beverages were selected to study erosion, and the pH and neutralizable acidity were measured. Bovine anterior teeth (110) were polished with up to 1 200-grit silicon carbide paper to produce flat enamel surfaces, which were then immersed in 20 mL of the beverages for 30 min at 37 °C. The degree of erosion was evaluated using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and Vickers' microhardness measurements. The spectra obtained were interpreted in two ways that focused on the ν1, ν3 phosphate contour: the ratio of the height amplitude of ν3 PO4 to that of ν1 PO4 (Method 1) and the shift of the ν3 PO4 peak to a higher wavenumber (Method 2). The percentage changes in microhardness after the erosion treatments were primarily affected by the pH of the immersion media. Regression analyses revealed highly significant correlations between the surface hardness change and the degree of erosion, as detected by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy (P<0.001). Method 1 was the most sensitive to these changes, followed by surface hardness change measurements and Method 2. This study suggests that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy is potentially advantageous over the microhardness test as a simple, non-destructive, sensitive technique for the quantification of enamel erosion.
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Yahyazadehfar M, Arola D. The role of organic proteins on the crack growth resistance of human enamel. Acta Biomater 2015; 19:33-45. [PMID: 25805107 PMCID: PMC4499056 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With only 1% protein by weight, tooth enamel is the most highly mineralized tissue in mammals. The focus of this study was to evaluate contributions of the proteins on the fracture resistance of this unique structural material. Sections of enamel were obtained from the cusps of human molars and the crack growth resistance was quantified using a conventional fracture mechanics approach with complementary finite element analysis. In selected specimens the proteins were extracted using a potassium hydroxide treatment. Removal of the proteins resulted in approximately 40% decrease in the fracture toughness with respect to the fully proteinized control. The loss of organic content was most detrimental to the extrinsic toughening mechanisms, causing over 80% reduction in their contribution to the total energy to fracture. This degradation occurred by embrittlement of the unbroken bridging ligaments and consequent reduction in the crack closure stress. Although the organic content of tooth enamel is very small, it is essential to crack growth toughening by facilitating the formation of unbroken ligaments and in fortifying their potency. Replicating functions of the organic content will be critical to the successful development of bio-inspired materials that are designed for fracture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobin Yahyazadehfar
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dwayne Arola
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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14
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Teruel JDD, Alcolea A, Hernández A, Ruiz AJO. Comparison of chemical composition of enamel and dentine in human, bovine, porcine and ovine teeth. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:768-75. [PMID: 25766469 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to compare the chemical composition of human teeth with other mammal species that are likely candidates for replacing them in studies that test dental material. DESIGN Dentine and enamel fragments extracted from 400 sound human, bovine, porcine and ovine - 100 teeth per species - incisors and molars were mechanically ground up to a final particle size of less than 100 μm. C/N analysis, thermogravimetric analysis coupled to mass spectrometry (TG-MS), and wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) were used to analyse the samples' composition. RESULTS Elemental analysis showed more organic carbon and nitrogen in dentine than in enamel. Human enamel was the most highly mineralised, with C and N values close to hydroxyapatite. Bovine dentine and enamel were the most similar to human. TG-MS: in all species, enamel contained less carbon and organic matter than dentine. Thermal decomposition of human enamel showed great similarity to synthetic hydroxyapatite, and large differences from bovine, ovine and porcine enamel. Thermal decomposition showed the greatest similarity between human and bovine dentine. WDXRF Dentine contained larger quantities of Mg, S, Sr and Zn than enamel. Enamel contained larger quantities of P, Ca, Cl, Cu, K and Ca/P ratio than dentine. Human enamel and dentine contained a higher Ca/P ratio, larger quantities of Cl and Cu and lower quantities of Mg, S, Zn than the animal species. CONCLUSIONS Elemental analysis, TG-MS and WDXRF have shown that human and bovine enamel and dentine show the greatest similarity among the species analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan de Dios Teruel
- Department of Integral Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Hospital Morales Meseguer, 2ª planta, C/Marqués de los Vélez s/n, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Alcolea
- Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación Tecnológica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Hernández
- Department of Integral Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Hospital Morales Meseguer, 2ª planta, C/Marqués de los Vélez s/n, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio José Ortiz Ruiz
- Department of Integral Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Hospital Morales Meseguer, 2ª planta, C/Marqués de los Vélez s/n, 30008 Murcia, Spain.
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15
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Taube F, Marczewski M, Norén J. Deviations of inorganic and organic carbon content in hypomineralised enamel. J Dent 2015; 43:269-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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16
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Abdallah MN, Light N, Amin WM, Retrouvey JM, Cerruti M, Tamimi F. Development of a composite resin disclosing agent based on the understanding of tooth staining mechanisms. J Dent 2014; 42:697-708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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17
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Pithon MM, Santos Andrade CS, de Jesus Santos M, Borges Leão Filho JC, Souza Braz AK, Evangelista de Araujo R, Tanaka OM, Kelly da Silva Fidalgo T, Santos AM, Maia de Faria LC. Effectiveness of magnesium hydroxide as mouthwash for caries prevention around brackets: An OCT evaluation. J World Fed Orthod 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Lobo AO, Siqueira IAWB, das Neves MF, Marciano FR, Corat EJ, Corat MAF. In vitro and in vivo studies of a novel nanohydroxyapatite/superhydrophilic vertically aligned carbon nanotube nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:1723-1732. [PMID: 23609000 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An association between in vitro and in vivo studies has been demonstrated for the first time, using a novel nanohydroxyapatite/superhydrophilic vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube (nHAp/VAMWCNT-O2) nanocomposites. Human osteoblast cell culture and bone defects were used to evaluate the in vitro extracellular matrix (ECM) calcification process and bone regeneration, respectively. The in vitro ECM calcification process of nHAp/VAMWCNT-O2 nanocomposites were investigated using alkaline phosphatase assay. The in vivo biomineralization studies were carried out on bone defects of C57BL/6/JUnib mice. Scanning electron microscopy, micro-energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray difractometry analyses confirmed the presence of the nHAp crystals. nHAp/VAMWCNT-O2 nanocomposites induced in vitro calcification of the ECM of human osteoblast cells in culture after only 24 h. Bone regeneration with lamellar bone formation after 9 weeks was found in the in vivo studies. Our findings make these new nanocomposites very attractive for application in bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Oliveira Lobo
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnology (NANOBIO), Universidade do Vale do Paraiba (UNIVAP), Av. Shishima Hifumi 2911, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, 12224-000, Brazil.
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Sato C, Rodrigues FA, Garcia DM, Vidal CMP, Pashley DH, Tjäderhane L, Carrilho MR, Nascimento FD, Tersariol ILS. Tooth bleaching increases dentinal protease activity. J Dent Res 2012; 92:187-92. [PMID: 23242228 DOI: 10.1177/0022034512470831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidative agent commonly used for dental bleaching procedures. The structural and biochemical responses of enamel, dentin, and pulp tissues to the in vivo bleaching of human (n = 20) premolars were investigated in this study. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to observe enamel nanostructure. The chemical composition of enamel and dentin was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The enzymatic activities of dental cathepsin B and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were monitored with fluorogenic substrates. The amount of collagen in dentin was measured by emission of collagen autofluorescence with confocal fluorescence microscopy. The presence of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the pulp was evaluated with a fluorogenic 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) probe. Vital bleaching of teeth significantly altered all tested parameters: AFM images revealed a corrosion of surface enamel nanostructure; FTIR analysis showed a loss of carbonate and proteins from enamel and dentin, along with an increase in the proteolytic activity of cathepsin-B and MMPs; and there was a reduction in the autofluorescence of collagen and an increase in both cathepsin-B activity and ROS in pulp tissues. Together, these results indicate that 35% hydrogen peroxide used in clinical bleaching protocols dramatically alters the structural and biochemical properties of dental hard and soft pulp tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sato
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, UMC, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
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20
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Yoshida T, Kumashiro Y, Iwata T, Ishihara J, Umemoto T, Shiratsuchi Y, Kawashima N, Sugiyama T, Yamato M, Okano T. Requirement of integrin β3 for iron transportation during enamel formation. J Dent Res 2012; 91:1154-9. [PMID: 23064962 DOI: 10.1177/0022034512462722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent incisors exhibit pigmentation on their labial surfaces. Although previous studies have shown that this pigment is composed of iron, the existence of other elements has not been investigated. This study found that the lower incisors of CD61, also known as integrin β3, null mice (CD61(-/-)) lacked pigmentation. Although ameloblasts differentiated and formed enamel normally, no ferric ion accumulation was observed in maturation-stage ameloblasts in CD61(-/-) mice. Surface elements of control and CD61-/- lower incisors were compared by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS analysis detected C, Ca, N, O, and P on the labial surfaces of lower incisors of both mice, whereas Fe was detected only in control samples. No peak of non-ferrous metal or other element was detected in either group. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of 18 iron-transportation-related genes with mRNA from maturation-stage ameloblasts and ALC, a pre-ameloblastic cell line, was performed. The results suggested that CD61 regulates the expressions of Slc11a2 and Slc40a1, both of which are involved in iron transportation in epithelial tissues. These results suggested that the pigment on the labial surface of mouse incisors is composed of Fe and that both anemia and reduction of iron-transporting proteins may cause the loss of pigmentation in CD61(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshida
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawata-cho Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Eimar H, Ghadimi E, Marelli B, Vali H, Nazhat SN, Amin WM, Torres J, Ciobanu O, Albuquerque Junior RF, Tamimi F. Regulation of enamel hardness by its crystallographic dimensions. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:3400-10. [PMID: 22684114 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Enamel is a composite biomaterial comprising a minor organic matrix (~2%) and a hierarchically organized inorganic ultrastructure (~96-98%). Surprisingly, to date there is no available information in the literature regarding the possible role of the enamel ultrastructure on the nanoscale level in tooth macroscopic properties. Understanding this relationship is of special interest for restorative purposes in dentistry. Accordingly, this study was designed to investigate how enamel nanocrystals regulate its hardness. We performed microindentation analysis on 100 extracted human teeth. The tooth enamel hardness was quantified and correlated with changes in enamel chemical composition and crystallographic dimensions obtained from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Enamel hardness was not related to the variability in organic content, but was associated with the size of apatite crystals along the c-axis. This association followed the Hall-Petch model for polycrystalline materials, indicating that the optimal size of apatite nanocrystals (larger than the critical size) provides enamel with the greatest hardness, which enables teeth to survive the heavy wear over a human lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Eimar
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0C7
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22
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Corrêa-Afonso AM, Bachmann L, Almeida CGD, Corona SAM, Borsatto MC. FTIR and SEM analysis of CO2 laser irradiated human enamel. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1153-8. [PMID: 22385837 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Considering the enamel chemical structure, especially carbonate band, which has a major role in the caries prevention, the objective of the present study was to assess the chemical alterations on the enamel irradiated with CO(2) laser by means of FTIR spectroscopy and SEM analysis. DESIGN The enamel surfaces were analysed on a spectrometer for acquisition of the absorption spectrum relative to the chemical composition of the control sample. The irradiation was conducted with a 10.6-μm CO(2) laser (0.55W, 660W/cm(2)). The carbonate absorption band at 1600-1291cm(-1) as well as the water absorption band at 3793-2652cm(-1) was measured in each sample after the irradiation. The water band was measured again 24-h after the irradiation. The band area of each chemical compound was delimited, the background was subtracted, and the area under each band was integrated. Each area was normalized by the phosphate band (1190-702cm(-1)). RESULTS There was a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in the water content after irradiation (control: 0.184±0.04; irradiated: 0.078±0.026), which increased again after rehydration (0.145±0.038). The carbonate/phosphate ratio was measured initially (0.112±0.029) and its reduction after irradiation indicated the carbonate loss (0.088±0.014) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The 10.6-μm CO(2) laser irradiation diminishes the carbonate and water contents in the enamel after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Marques Corrêa-Afonso
- Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Odontologia Preventiva e Social, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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ZHU YJ, XU F, SU JH, ZHOU H, LU TJ. MATHEMATICAL MODELING FOR THE PREDICTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF TOOTH THERMAL PAIN: A REVIEW. J MECH MED BIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519411004095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tooth pain, especially tooth thermal pain, is one of the most important symptoms and signs in dental clinic and daily life. As a special sensation, pain has been studied extensively in both clinic and experimental research aimed at reducing or eliminating the possible negative effects of pain. Unfortunately, the full underlying mechanism of pain is still unclear, because the pain could be influenced by many factors, including physiological, psychological, physical, chemical, and biological factors and so on. Besides, most studies on pain mechanisms in the literature are based on skin pain sensation and only few are based on tooth pain. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review on both neurophysiology of tooth pain mechanism, and corresponding thermal, mechanical, and thermomechanical behaviors of teeth. We also describe a multiscale modeling approach for quantifying tooth thermal pain by integrating the mathematic methods of engineering into the neuroscience. The mathematical model of tooth thermal pain will enable better understanding of thermal pain mechanism and optimization of existing diagnosis and treatment in dental clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. J. ZHU
- Stomatological Hospital, College of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - F. XU
- Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - J. H. SU
- Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - H. ZHOU
- Stomatological Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, P. R. China
| | - T. J. LU
- Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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