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Yang S, Meng X, Zhen Y, Baima Q, Wang Y, Jiang X, Xu Z. Strategies and mechanisms targeting Enterococcus faecalis biofilms associated with endodontic infections: a comprehensive review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1433313. [PMID: 39091674 PMCID: PMC11291369 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1433313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is one of the main microorganisms that infects root canals, ranking among the most prevalent microorganisms associated with endodontic treatment failure. Given its pervasive presence in persistent endodontic infections, the successful elimination of Enterococcus faecalis is crucial for effective endodontic treatment and retreatment. Furthermore, Enterococcus faecalis can form biofilms - defense structures that microbes use to fight environmental threats. These biofilms confer resistance against host immune system attacks and antibiotic interventions. Consequently, the presence of biofilms poses a significant challenge in the complete eradication of Enterococcus faecalis and its associated disease. In response, numerous scholars have discovered promising outcomes in addressing Enterococcus faecalis biofilms within root canals and undertaken endeavors to explore more efficacious approaches in combating these biofilms. This study provides a comprehensive review of strategies and mechanisms for the removal of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuping Meng
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuqi Zhen
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Quzhen Baima
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinmiao Jiang
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhibo Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Bassir L, Taravati S, Nouri F, Rahimi S. The effect of different intracanal irrigants on the push-out bond strength of dentin in damaged anterior primary teeth. J Med Life 2024; 17:536-542. [PMID: 39144693 PMCID: PMC11320612 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2024-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This experimental study investigated the effect of different intracanal irrigants on the push-out bond strength of dentin in damaged anterior primary teeth. The crowns of 90 anterior primary teeth were sectioned horizontally, 1 mm above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Following canal preparation with K-files, all groups except the negative control received normal saline irrigation. Canals were then irrigated with either 3% or 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% or 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) solution (except negative and positive controls). The roots were filled with Metapex material and covered with a calcium hydroxide liner. In root canals, the bond was applied by self-etching and then light-cured for 20 seconds before canals were restored incrementally with composite. Stereomicroscopes were used to assess failure patterns. Push-out bond strengths (MPa ± SD) were: 3% NaOCl (16.92 ± 5.78), 5.25% NaOCl (8.96 ± 3.55), 2% CHX (14.76 ± 5.56), and 0.2% CHX (7.76 ± 2.93). Significant differences were seen across the irrigants regarding the push-out bond strength of dentin sections (P <0.001). The most frequent failures were adhesive and cohesive. NaOCl and CHX irrigants increased the push-out bond strength compared to controls. Compared to controls, both 3% NaOCl and 2% CHX irrigants significantly increased the push-out bond strength of dentin in non-vital anterior primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Bassir
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shirin Taravati
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farzad Nouri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saeide Rahimi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Fakhri E, Samadi Kafil H, Naghizadeh M, Eslami H, Sefidan FY. Antimicrobial effect of grape seed extract as a potential intracanal medicament combined with Nd:YAG laser. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:209-216. [PMID: 36479792 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of grape seed extract medicament combined with Nd:YAG laser, against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans biofilms. Root canals infected with 4-week-old biofilms were divided into five groups (n = 11): calcium hydroxide, 6.5% GSE, Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 1.5 w, 15 Hz and 100 mj) and 6.5% GSE followed by Nd:YAG laser and normal saline (control). Dentin chips were collected using Gates-Glidden and cultured to obtain colony-forming units. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. GSE showed higher antibacterial activity against all species investigated compared to Ca(OH)2 . However, the lowest microbial count was obtained using a combination of GSE and Nd:YAG laser (p < 0.001). No significant difference in the susceptibility of tested pathogens to each of the protocols was observed (p > 0.05). Application of Nd:YAG laser following GSE medicament is efficient against endodontic biofilms; also, GSE can be considered as an alternative to Ca(OH)2 dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Fakhri
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Naghizadeh
- Students' Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hosein Eslami
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Root canal disinfection and maintenance of the remnant tooth tissues by using grape seed and cranberry extracts. Odontology 2022:10.1007/s10266-022-00766-w. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00766-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Effect of Endodontic Irrigating Solutions on Radicular Dentine Structure and Matrix Metalloproteinases-A Comprehensive Review. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10120219. [PMID: 36547035 PMCID: PMC9776432 DOI: 10.3390/dj10120219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Irrigating solutions play an important role in the eradication of intracanal microbes and debris dissolution during endodontic treatment. Different combinations of solutions and protocols have been advocated, with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), and chlorhexidine (CHX) remaining the most widely used ones by many clinicians. Although these solutions provide efficient inorganic dissolution and antimicrobial capacity, their use has also been reported to cause undesired effects on root dentin composition and mechanical and biomechanical properties, such as microhardness, surface roughness, bond strength, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. Several corroborating studies attribute these changes in mechanical properties of dentine to the use of irrigating solutions, and there are limited reports on how the solutions affect the expression of MMPs, which may be a correlating link to understanding the role of these enzymes in dentin collagen and changes in the mechanical properties of dentin. Hence, using the basis of several studies from the literature, the objective is to comprehensively review the influence of individual and combined irrigating solutions on root dentine structure and the activity of the MMPs.
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Xu H, Ye Z, Zhang A, Lin F, Fu J, Fok ASL. Effects of concentration of sodium hypochlorite as an endodontic irrigant on the mechanical and structural properties of root dentine: A laboratory study. Int Endod J 2022; 55:1091-1102. [PMID: 35833329 PMCID: PMC9545283 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The use of high-concentration sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as an endodontic irrigant remains controversial because of its potential impact on the fracture strength of endodontically-treated teeth. This study evaluated the effects of using different NaOCl concentrations, with 2-min-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as the final active irrigant, on the biomechanical and structural properties of root dentine. METHODOLOGY A new test method, which is more clinically relevant, was utilized to calculate the fracture strength of root dentine. Bovine incisors were used to obtain root dentine discs. The root canals were enlarged to mean diameter of 2.90 mm with a taper of 0.06. The resulting discs were divided into 5 groups (n=20) and treated with different concentrations of NaOCl (5.25%, 2.5%, and 1.3%) for 30 min plus 17% EDTA for 2 min. The discs were then loaded to fracture by a steel rod with the same taper through the central hole. The fractured specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy to evaluate changes in the dimensions of the remaining intertubular dentine and the tubular radius. Micro-hardness was also measured with a Knoop diamond indenter along a radius to determine the depth of dentine eroded by the irrigation. Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the Tukey test. The level of significance was set at α = 0.05. RESULTS The damage by NaOCl increased with its concentration. 5.25% NaOCl greatly reduced the fracture strength of root dentine from 172.10±30.13 MPa to 114.58±26.74 MPa. The corresponding reduction in micro-hardness at the root canal wall was 34.1%. The damages reached a depth of up to 400 μm (p < 0.05). Structural changes involved degradation of the intratubular wall leading to enlarged dentinal tubules and the loss of intertubular dentine. Changes in the microstructural parameters showed positive linear relationships with the fracture strength. CONCLUSIONS With the adjunctive use of EDTA, NaOCl caused destruction to the intratubular surface near the root canal and, consequently, reduced the root dentine's mechanical strength. The higher the concentration of NaOCl, the greater the effect. Therefore, endodontists should avoid using overly high concentration of NaOCl for irrigation to prevent potential root fracture in endodontically-treated teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Xu
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, MN, United States
| | - Zhou Ye
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, MN, United States.,Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, MN, United States
| | - Fei Lin
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Alex S L Fok
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, MN, United States
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Navjot SM, Ashu J, Kamalpreet K, Navneet KM, Manu R, Divya B. The effect of natural reducing agents on push-out bond strength of AH plus and BioRoot RCS to sodium hypochlorite treated root dentin. J Conserv Dent 2021; 24:130-134. [PMID: 34759577 PMCID: PMC8562831 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_52_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the effect of natural anticoagulants 6.5% proanthocyanidin (PA) and 25% bamboo salt on push-out bond strength (PBS) of AH Plus and BioRoot RCS to dentin. Subjects and Methods: 30 single-rooted extracted human teeth were collected. After establishing the working length samples were prepared up to size F3. 5 ml of 3% NaOCl was used as irrigant during instrumentation followed by rinse with 5 ml of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Samples were randomly divided into groups based on the final irrigation solution: Group I – AH plus sealer group, Ia – Saline group, Ib – PA group, Ic – Bamboo salt (BS) group. Group II – BioRoot RCS group, IIa – Saline group, IIb – PA group, IIc – BS group. After obturation, samples were embedded in self-cure acrylic resin and 2 mm thick root slices were made at coronal middle and apical 3rd. These slices were subjected to PBS testing followed by stereomicroscopic examination for checking the mode of failure. Statistical Analysis Used: Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's post hoc test. Results: 3% NaOCl significantly decreased the bond strength of AH Plus as compared to BioRoot RCS to dentin (P < 0.05). Both PA and BS were capable of increasing the PBS of AH Plus and BioRoot RCS to NaOCl-treated dentin. Conclusions: Final irrigation with antioxidants such as PA and BS eliminates the risk of reduced bond strength of sealer to root canal walls, which ensues following the use of NaOCl as an irrigant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mann Navjot
- Professor and Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, National Dental College and Hospital, Punjab, India
| | - Jhamb Ashu
- Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, National Dental College and Hospital, Punjab, India
| | - Kaur Kamalpreet
- PG Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, National Dental College and Hospital, Punjab, India
| | - K Mann Navneet
- Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, National Dental College and Hospital, Punjab, India
| | - Rana Manu
- Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, National Dental College and Hospital, Punjab, India
| | - Batra Divya
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, National Dental College and Hospital, Punjab, India
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Huang Y, Lin J, Tang X, Wang Z, Yu S. Grape seed proanthocyanidin-loaded gel-like W/O/W emulsion stabilized by genipin-crosslinked alkaline soluble polysaccharides-whey protein isolate conjugates: Fabrication, stability, and in vitro digestion. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:759-769. [PMID: 34271051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present work aims to fabricate the genipin-crosslinked alkaline soluble polysaccharides-whey protein isolate conjugates (G-AWC) to stabilize W/O/W emulsions for encapsulation and delivery of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP). After crosslinking reaction, the molecular weight was increased and surface hydrophobicity was decreased. Then, the G-AWC and polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR, a lipophilic emulsifier) were employed to prepare a GSP-loaded W/O/W emulsion with the addition of gelatin and sucrose in W1 phase via a two-step procedure. Creamed emulsion could be fabricated at W1/O volume fraction (Φ) of 10%-70% and further increased Φ to 75% or even up to 90% could obtain gel-like emulsion with notably elastic behaviors. In the W1/O/W2 emulsion with Φ of 80%, the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of GSP reached up to 95.86%, and decreased by ca. 10% after a week of storage. Moreover, the encapsulated GSP in the emulsion showed a remarkably higher bioaccessibility (40.72%) compared to free GSP (13.11%) in the simulated gastrointestinal digestion. These results indicated that G-AWC-stabilized W/O/W emulsions could be an effective carrier to encapsulate water-soluble bioactive compounds with enhanced stability and bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaocheng Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiawei Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiangyi Tang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shujuan Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Xu H, Ye N, Lin F, Heo YC, Fok ASL. A new method to test the fracture strength of endodontically-treated root dentin. Dent Mater 2021; 37:796-804. [PMID: 33653597 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a new method to test the fracture strength of endodontically-treated root dentin. METHOD Bovine tooth roots were transversely cut into 2-mm thick sections and the root canals were enlarged with a taper of 0.06. An outer layer of resin composite was bonded to each section to make the root canal-to-outer radius ratio smaller than 1/3. The resulting discs were treated with irrigants at the inner surface and then fractured by inserting through the center a steel rod of the same taper attached to a universal test system. Fracture strength was calculated by using Lame's equations for thick-walled cylinders. Micro-indentation was performed to evaluate the depth of dentin affected by irrigation. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to verify the reasonableness of using resin composite to surround the dentin section as well as the analytical solution. RESULTS The fracture strength of endodontically-treated root dentin based on the analytical solution for a homogeneous section was 139.69 ± 32.59 MPa. However, FEA that took into account root canal softening caused by the irrigants showed that this was overestimated by about 33.5%. The corrected fracture strength of treated dentin was 114.58 ± 26.74 MPa. By incorporating the layer of affected dentin into the analytical solution, the difference in the fracture-causing stress between the analytical and numerical solutions dropped to around 9.5%. SIGNIFICANCE A relatively simple but clinically relevant method has been developed for measuring the fracture strength of endodontically-treated root dentin. The method could be applied to root dentin that is treated by conventional canal opening and irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Xu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, MN 55455, United States
| | - Ning Ye
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, MN 55455, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, MN 55455, United States
| | - Fei Lin
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Young Cheul Heo
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, MN 55455, United States
| | - Alex S L Fok
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, MN 55455, United States.
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Effective utilization of food wastes: Bioactivity of grape seed extraction and its application in food industry. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Shen L, Xiong J, Jiang Q. Influence of proanthocyanidins combined with ethanol-wet bonding on the bonding quality of fibre posts to root dentine. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:325-335. [PMID: 32737932 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of a bonding approach using proanthocyanidins (PAs) combined with ethanol-wet bonding (EWB) and a hydrophobic adhesive on the bonding quality of fibre posts. After endodontic treatment and post-space preparation, 72 single-rooted extracted human teeth were etched, thoroughly rinsed, and then treated using the following procedures (n = 24 teeth per group): group 1, no pretreatment; group 2, pretreatment with absolute ethanol three times, for 30 s each time; or group 3, pretreatment with absolute ethanol solution containing 5% PAs three times, for 30 s each time. Six teeth per group were dried according to a dry and a wet drying protocol and then observed using field emission-scanning electron microscopy. The remaining 18 teeth in each group were cemented with fibre posts: All-Bond 3 and Duo-Link cement were used for group 1; and hydrophobic adhesive and Duo-Link cement were used for groups 2 and 3. Push-out bond strength, failure mode, and nanoleakage were evaluated immediately and after collagenase treatment. Higher push-out bond strength and less nanoleakage were observed in the two ethanol-pretreatment groups, regardless of storage conditions. Teeth pretreated with PAs + ethanol exhibited significantly higher push-out bond strength after collagenase treatment than did teeth pretreated with ethanol alone. Within the limits of this study, the bonding approach of PAs combined with EWB and a hydrophobic adhesive synergistically improved the durability of fibre post bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipei Shen
- School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Lim BSH, Parolia A, Chia MSY, Jayaraman J, Nagendrababu V. Antimicrobial efficacy of QMix on Enterococcus faecalis infected root canals: a systematic review of in vitro studies. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e23. [PMID: 32483540 PMCID: PMC7239686 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to summarize the outcome of in vitro studies comparing the antibacterial effectiveness of QMix with other irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods The research question was developed by using population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and study design framework. The literature search was performed using 3 electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost until October 2019. The additional hand search was performed from the reference list of the eligible studies. The risk of bias of the studies was independently appraised using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2.0). Results Fourteen studies were included in this systematic review. The overall risk of bias for the selected studies was moderate. QMix was found to have a higher antimicrobial activity compared to 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), mixture of tetracycline isonomer, an acid and a detergent (MTAD), 0.2% Cetrimide, SilverSol/H2O2, HYBENX, and grape seed extract (GSE). QMix had higher antibacterial efficacy compared to NaOCl, only when used for a longer time (10 minutes) and with higher volume (above 3 mL). Conclusions QMix has higher antibacterial activity than 17% EDTA, 2% CHX, MTAD, 0.2% Cetrimide, SilverSol/H2O2, HYBENX, GSE and NaOCl with lower concentration. To improve the effectiveness, QMix is to use for a longer time and at a higher volume. Trial Registration PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews Identifier: CRD42018096763
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhishek Parolia
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Jayakumar Jayaraman
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, University of Texas Health School of Dentistry, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Durigon M, Cecchin D, de Carli J, Souza MA, Farina A. Could calcium hypochlorite and grape seed extract keep the mechanical properties of root dentin and fracture resistance of weakened roots? J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 106:103736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dotto L, Sarkis Onofre R, Bacchi A, Rocha Pereira GK. Effect of Root Canal Irrigants on the Mechanical Properties of Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Scoping Review. J Endod 2020; 46:596-604.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Moldovan ML, Carpa R, Fizeșan I, Vlase L, Bogdan C, Iurian SM, Benedec D, Pop A. Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Tendrils and Leaves Extracts from a Variety of Vitis vinifera L. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050373. [PMID: 32365793 PMCID: PMC7278858 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Winery industry by-products have a great reuse potential in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields due to their bioactive compounds. This study investigates the phytochemical profile and the bioactivity of Vitis vinifera variety Fetească neagră tendrils extract (TE) and leaves extract (LE), intended to be used in oral hygiene products recommended in periodontal disease. The evaluation of the phenolic content was performed by colorimetric analysis. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to determine the chemical profile of the two extracts obtained from V. vinifera. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by spectrophotometric methods, as well as on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) cell line. The cytocompatibility and cytoprotective effect against nicotine-induced cytotoxicity were tested, as well as the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. The TE showed higher total polyphenolic content, rich in rutin, compared to the leaves extract that displayed important amounts of isoquercitrin. The antioxidant effect was confirmed by both non-cellular and cellular tests. The cytocompatibility of the extracts was confirmed at a wide range of concentrations. The cytoprotective effect was demonstrated in HGF exposed to cytotoxic doses of nicotine; 300 µg/mL of both tested extracts decreased nicotine toxicity by approximately 20%. When challenged with E. coli polysaccharides, in HGF cells co-exposed to TE and LE, a reduction in the release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-6 and IL-1β) was observed. The extracts were both able to reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines, and had notable antimicrobial effects on pathogenic bacteria associated with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela L. Moldovan
- Department of Dermopharmacy and Cosmetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creangă Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.L.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Rahela Carpa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, “Babeș-Bolyai” University, 1 M. Kogălniceanu Street, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ionel Fizeșan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 L. Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.V.); (S.M.I.)
| | - Cătălina Bogdan
- Department of Dermopharmacy and Cosmetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creangă Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.L.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Sonia M. Iurian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 V. Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.V.); (S.M.I.)
| | - Daniela Benedec
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creangă Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Anca Pop
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 L. Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.)
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Antibacterial Efficacy of the Grape Seed Extract as an Irrigant for Root Canal Preparation. Eur Endod J 2020; 5:35-39. [PMID: 32342036 PMCID: PMC7183804 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2019.85057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research was to compare relative effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite 5.25% (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) and 6.5 % grape seed extract (GSE) against Enterococcus faecalis using instrument Reciproc R25 in root canal preparation. Methods: Forty-five mesiobuccal root canals from extracted human maxillary molars were collected and infected with Enterococcus faecalis. The samples were divided into five groups according to the different types of irrigants: saline (positive control) (n=5); in the other groups were used 10 root canals for each group: NaOCl+EDTA; CHX gel+EDTA; GSE solution+EDTA; GSE gel+EDTA. All the groups were prepared with reciprocating instruments Reciproc R25. Bacterial reduction was measured by two-way ANOVA (P<0.001) followed by Tukey HSD post-hoc tests, from the counting of colony forming units (CFUs) from samples collected before instrumentation and after. The significance level established at 5% (P<0.05). Results: The group prepared with the NaOCl resulted in highest antimicrobial capacity among of all (P>0.05), followed by CHX and GSE gel (P<0.05). Control and GSE solution showed similar results (P<0.05) and resulted in the lowest percentage of the reduction of the microorganism into the root canals. Conclusion: NaOCl had the higher elimination capacity of Enterococcus faecalis than GSE and CHX.
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Yang SY, Liu Y, Mao J, Wu YB, Deng YL, Qi SC, Zhou YC, Gong SQ. The antibiofilm and collagen-stabilizing effects of proanthocyanidin as an auxiliary endodontic irrigant. Int Endod J 2020; 53:824-833. [PMID: 32053733 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the antibiofilm effect of proanthocyanidin (PA) solution as an irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and its influence on the mechanical properties and biodegradation resistance of demineralized root dentine. METHODOLOGY Enterococcus faecalis were introduced into human root dentine tubules by a serial centrifugation method and grown for 1 week. Dentine blocks infected with 1-week-old E. faecalis biofilms were treated with the following irrigants: sterile water (control), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 2% PA, 5% PA and 10% PA. After treatment, the live and dead bacteria proportions within E. faecalis biofilms were analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. To evaluate the biostability of fully demineralized dentine treated by the aforementioned irrigants, the elastic modulus and hydroxyproline release of human dentine incubated in collagenase solution were tested at baseline, after irrigant treatment and after biodegradation, respectively. Furthermore, the surface chemical bond of demineralized dentine collagen treated by various irrigants was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way anova and Tukey's post hoc multiple comparisons with the significance level at 5%. RESULTS The proportion of dead E. faecalis volume was significantly higher in the PA and CHX groups than that in the control group (P < 0.05). PA irrigation significantly increased the mechanical properties of demineralized dentine (P < 0.05), and the effect was enhanced with increasing PA concentration. CHX and PA groups had significantly less elasticity loss and hydroxyproline release (P < 0.05). The biomodification of dentine collagen by PA was verified by increased C-O/C-N peak percentage under C1s and C-O peak percentage under O1s narrow-scan XPS spectra. CONCLUSIONS Proanthocyanidin killed E. faecalis within biofilms and enhanced the biostability of the collagen matrix of demineralized root dentine. It might be used as an auxiliary endodontic irrigant with antibiofilm and collagen-stabilizing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Yang
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Liu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - J Mao
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Y B Wu
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Y L Deng
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - S C Qi
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y C Zhou
- The Stony Brook School, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - S Q Gong
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Fiallos NDM, Cecchin D, de Lima CO, Hirata R, Silva EJNL, Sassone LM. Antimicrobial effectiveness of grape seed extract against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm: A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy analysis. AUST ENDOD J 2019; 46:191-196. [PMID: 31814249 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the antimicrobial effectiveness of 6.5% Vitis vinifera grape seed extract (GSE) against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Saline solution (SS), 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) were used for comparison. Dentin discs were inoculated with E. faecalis strain establishing a 3-week-old biofilm. Discs (n = 10) were exposed to 5.25% NaOCl, 2% CHX, 6.5% GSE and SS (negative control) for 10 min. Discs were stained with the fluorescent LIVE/DEAD-BacLight™ dye and analysed using CLSM. The proportion of dead cells in biofilm was analysed using one-way anova and Tukey tests (P < 0.05). A higher proportion of dead cells was found in GSE group compared with CHX and SS (P < 0.05). NaOCl group was associated with the highest proportion of dead cells (P < 0.05). GSE presented antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis; however, NaOCl was the most effective irrigant solution. GSE was more effective than CHX and SS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Doglas Cecchin
- Department of Endodontics, Passo Fundo University (UPF), Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | | | - Raphael Hirata
- Department of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Soligo LT, Lodi E, Farina AP, Souza MA, Vidal CDMP, Cecchin D. Antibacterial Efficacy of Synthetic and Natural-Derived Novel Endodontic Irrigant Solutions. Braz Dent J 2019; 29:459-464. [PMID: 30517444 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201802172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of grape seed extract (GSE), calcium hypochlorite [Ca(ClO)2], and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigant solutions with rotary or reciprocating instrumentation for disinfection of root canals inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis. The mesiobuccal root canals of mandibular molars were prepared and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis for 21 days. The roots were then randomly divided into the following eight experimental groups (n=11) according to the instrumentation technique and disinfection protocol: ProTaper Next or Reciproc R25 with sodium chloride (control group), 6% NaOCl, 6% Ca(ClO)2, or 50% GSE used for irrigation during instrumentation. The antimicrobial activity was determined on the basis of a reduction in colony-forming units (CFUs) counted on bacterial samples collected before and after root canal instrumentation and expressed as a percentage of reduction. Data were evaluated by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD post-hoc tests (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in bacterial reduction between the ProTaper Next and Reciproc R25 systems (p>0.05), regardless of the irrigant solution used. Furthermore, all active solutions (6% NaOCl, 50% GSE, and 6% Ca(ClO)2) showed similar potential to reduce bacterial counts (p>0.05) and were significantly more effective than sodium chloride (control) (p<0.05). The results suggest that the GSE and Ca(ClO)2 have potential clinical application as irrigant solutions in endodontic therapy since they present bactericidal efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Tais Soligo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UPF - Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Ediléia Lodi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UPF - Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Farina
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UPF - Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Albino Souza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UPF - Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | | | - Doglas Cecchin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UPF - Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
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Cochrane S, Burrow MF, Parashos P. Effect on the mechanical properties of human and bovine dentine of intracanal medicaments and irrigants. Aust Dent J 2018; 64:35-42. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Cochrane
- The Melbourne Dental School; Faculty of Medicine; Dentistry and Health Sciences; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - MF Burrow
- The Melbourne Dental School; Faculty of Medicine; Dentistry and Health Sciences; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - P Parashos
- The Melbourne Dental School; Faculty of Medicine; Dentistry and Health Sciences; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Seballos VG, Barreto MS, Rosa RAD, Machado E, Valandro LF, Kaizer OB. Effect of Post-Space Irrigation with NaOCl And CaOCl at Different Concentrations on the Bond Strength of Posts Cemented with a Self-Adhesive Resin Cement. Braz Dent J 2018; 29:446-451. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201801955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of post-space irrigation with NaOCl and CaOCl at different concentrations on the bond strength of posts cemented with a self-adhesive resin cement. Eighty premolars were sectioned 14 mm from the apex, and endodontically treated. The root canal filling was partially removed. Specimens were randomly assigned into 8 groups (n=10), according to the irrigant for post-space irrigation: SS - 0.9% saline solution (control group); CHX - 2% chlorhexidine; 1% NaOCl - 1% sodium hypochlorite; 2.5% NaOCl - 2.5% sodium hypochlorite; 5% NaOCl - 5% sodium hypochlorite; 1% CaOCl - 1% calcium hypochlorite; 2.5% CaOCl - 2.5% calcium hypochlorite; and 5% CaOCl - 5% calcium hypochlorite. For each group, irrigation was performed continuously with 2 ml of solution. The post-spaces were dried with paper points (#80), and glass fiber posts were cemented using a self-adhesive resin cement. The specimens were sectioned perpendicularly and the push-out test was performed. Optical microscopy was used to analyze the failure mode. ANOVA and Bonferroni tests analyzed the bond strength data. NaOCl and CaOCl presented similar bond strength regardless the concentration used to irrigate the post-space (p>0.05). SS showed the highest bond strength (11.47 MPa) (p<0.05). Adhesive failures at the cement/dentin interface were predominant (58.33%). Saline solution should be irrigant of choice to irrigate the post-space before fiber post cementation with self-adhesive resin cement. NaOCl and CaOCl negatively affect the bond strength values.
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22
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Bighetti Trevisan RL, Scatolin RS, Castro Raucci LMSD, Raucci Neto W, Froner IC. Effects of EDTA gel and chlorhexidine gel on root dentin permeability. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 81:191-197. [PMID: 29083081 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 24% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) gel and 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) in dentin permeability and smear layer removal from root canals instrumented with NiTi rotary system using histochemical staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Overall, 43 premolars were classified into two experimental groups, EDTA (n = 20) and CHX (n = 20), and a negative control (NC) (n = 3). All specimens were instrumented and the irrigant solutions were used after each file change. The EDTA group received a final rinse with 5-ml 1% NaOCl followed by a 5-ml 0.9% saline solution; the CHX group received a final rinse with 10-ml 0.9% saline solution; and the negative control group received a final rinse with only 0.9% saline solution. Fifteen teeth from each group were prepared for histochemical staining and evaluation of dentin permeability using the image-scanning software Axion Vision (v.4.8.2). Five remaining teeth were prepared for analysis using SEM for morphological analysis. The study found that 24% EDTA gel increased the permeability of dentin in all thirds evaluated and also demonstrated an increased cleaning ability, with dentinal walls free of smear layer and open dentinal tubules, as compared to 2% CHX gel. It was concluded that EDTA was efficient in cleaning the dentinal tubules and increased dentin permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayana Longo Bighetti Trevisan
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Siqueira Scatolin
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Walter Raucci Neto
- School of Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izabel Cristina Froner
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Cecchin D, Soares Giaretta V, Granella Cadorin B, Albino Souza M, Vidal CDMP, Paula Farina A. Effect of synthetic and natural-derived novel endodontic irrigant solutions on mechanical properties of human dentin. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:141. [PMID: 28819809 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different synthetic and natural-derived root canal irrigants (6% sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl], 6% calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2] and 6.5% grape seed extract [GSE]) on dentin mechanical properties (flexural strength, ultimate tensile strength [UTS] and fracture resistance). Rectangular-shaped beams and hourglass-shaped sections obtained from mid-coronal and root dentin were treated with 6% NaOCl, 6% Ca(OCl)2 or 6.5% GSE for 30 min. The irrigant solutions were replaced every 5 min. Then, the dentin specimens were rinsed with distilled water (DW) followed by incubation with 17% EDTA for 1 min, and thoroughly rinsed with DW again. Specimens from the control group were tested without prior irrigation. After treatment with the irrigants, dentin beams were used to assess the flexural strength (n = 10) while UTS was evaluated using the root dentin hourglass-shaped sections (n = 10). Similarly, roots with 1 mm of dentinal wall thickness were obtained from human teeth and treated with the same irrigant solutions (n = 10). A compressive loading was applied to the coronal surfaces of roots until fracture. The values of each mechanical test were statistically analyzed individually by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test (P < 0.05). NaOCl significantly reduced the mechanical properties of dentin in all mechanical tests (P < 0.05) and no statistical difference was found among Ca(OCl)2, GSE and control group (P > 0.05). It can be concluded that Ca(OCl)2 and GSE may be alternative irrigant solutions, since they do not negatively affect the dentin mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doglas Cecchin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
| | - Vitória Soares Giaretta
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Bérove Granella Cadorin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Albino Souza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Farina
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
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Effect of root canal preparation techniques on chlorhexidine substantivity on human dentin: a chemical analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:859-865. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Fuzinatto RN, Farina AP, Souza MA, Miyagaki DC, Randi Ferraz CC, Cecchin D. Effects of an endodontic auxiliary chemical substance on the bond strength of two methacrylate-based endodontic sealers to dentin. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 80:627-633. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Nicolini Fuzinatto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Passo Fundo Dental School; University of Passo Fundo, UPF; Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Farina
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Passo Fundo Dental School; University of Passo Fundo, UPF; Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Matheus Albino Souza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Passo Fundo Dental School; University of Passo Fundo, UPF; Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Daniela Cristina Miyagaki
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Passo Fundo Dental School; University of Passo Fundo, UPF; Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Caio Cézar Randi Ferraz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP; Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Doglas Cecchin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Passo Fundo Dental School; University of Passo Fundo, UPF; Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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Cecchin D, Farina AP, Bedran-Russo AK. The effects of endodontic substances and naturally reducing agents on the bond strength of epoxy resin-based sealer to root dentin. J Conserv Dent 2017; 20:302-306. [PMID: 29386775 PMCID: PMC5767822 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_400_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine (CHX), and two naturally derived reducing agents on the bond strength of epoxy resin-based sealer to root dentin. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 single-rooted human teeth were prepared using ProTaper (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Johnson City, TN, USA) and an irrigation protocol including 5% NaOCl or 2% CHX gel, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), for smear layer removal. The following subgroups (n = 10) were also assessed according to the naturally derived reducing agent used: no agent (control group); grape seed extract (GSE); and green tea. Root canals were filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany). Bond strength was measured using the push-out test, and statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA; failure patterns (modes) were classified as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed. The types of failure modes were evaluated using the Chi-squared test at α =0.05. Results: The irrigation protocols demonstrated similar bond strength values (P > 0.05). However, the Chi-squared test revealed significant differences in failure mode among the groups (P < 0.05). An increase in the incidence of adhesive failures was observed for the NaOCl and EDTA groups. The other groups demonstrated a prevalence of mixed and cohesive failures. Conclusion: The irrigation protocols and use of naturally derived reducing agents had no effect on the bond strength of the resin-based sealer to dentin; however, improvement was evident in the adhesion quality of AH Plus to NaOCl-treated root dentin, due to the prevalence of cohesive failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doglas Cecchin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana Paula Farina
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana Karina Bedran-Russo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Souza MA, Montagner A, Lana DLD, Vidal CMP, Farina AP, Cecchin D. Comparative evaluation of the retaining of QMix and chlorhexidine formulations on human dentin: a chemical analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:873-878. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Cecchin D, Pin LC, Farina AP, Souza M, Vidal CDMP, Bello YD, Ferraz CCR, Bedran-Russo A. Bond Strength between Fiber Posts and Root Dentin Treated with Natural Cross-linkers. J Endod 2015; 41:1667-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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