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Magalhães TC, Lopes AG, Ferreira GF, Denadai ÂML, da Silva JG, Dos Santos RL, Munchow EA, de Carvalho FG. In vitro assessment of NaF/Chit supramolecular complex: Colloidal stability, antibacterial activity and enamel protection against S. mutans biofilm. J Dent 2024; 149:105316. [PMID: 39159744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed the effect of NaF/Chit suspensions on enamel and on S. mutans biofilm, simulating application of a mouthrinse. METHODS The NaF/Chit particle suspensions were prepared at molar ratio [NaF]/Chitmon]≈0.68 at nominal concentrations of 0.2 % and 0.05 % NaF and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering and zeta potential. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were measured. The S. mutans biofilm was formed for 7 days on eighty human enamel blocks that were divided into eight groups (n = 10/group): i) 0.05 % NaF solution; ii) 0.31 % Chit solution; iii) NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspension at 0.05 % NaF; iv) 1.0 % HAc solution (Control); v) 0.2 % NaF solution; vi) 1.25 % Chit solution; vii) NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspension at 0.2 % NaF; viii) 0.12 % chlorhexidine digluconate. The substances were applied daily for 90 s. S. mutans cell counts (CFU/mL) were performed, and the Knoop microhardness (KHN) of enamel samples were measured before and after biofilm formation. The KHN and CFU/mL data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Interactions between NaF and Chit were evidenced in solid state by FTIR spectra. The NaF/Chit complexes showed spontaneous microparticle formation and colloidal stability. The MIC and MBC ranged from 0.65 to 1.31 mg/mL. The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspension at 0.2 %NaF Group showed lower CFU/mL values than other groups. The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspensions Groups had the highest KHN values after biofilm formation. CONCLUSIONS The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) complexes exhibited an antibacterial effect against S. mutans biofilm and reduced the enamel hardness loss. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspensions showed potential to be used as a mouthrinse for caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís Chaves Magalhães
- Graduate Program of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alana Gail Lopes
- Graduate Program of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Freitas Ferreira
- Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares Campus, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Jeferson Gomes da Silva
- Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares Campus, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rogério Lacerda Dos Santos
- Graduate Program of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Aldrighi Munchow
- Graduate Program of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Galbiatti de Carvalho
- Graduate Program of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Shankarappa S, Burk JT, Subbaiah P, Rao RN, Doddawad VG. White spot lesions in fixed orthodontic treatment: Etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and future research perspectives. J Orthod Sci 2024; 13:21. [PMID: 38784071 PMCID: PMC11114457 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_205_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
White spot lesions (WSLs) refer to localized areas of hypo-mineralization limited to the enamel of the teeth surface, which is noticeable clinically to the naked eye on drying of the teeth. During fixed orthodontic treatment, it is very hard for the patient to maintain excellent oral hygiene as the brackets, bands, wires, elastics, and other appliances and attachments worn intra-orally provide a platform for food retention, plaque formation, and then colonization by acidogenic bacteria like Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. This review aims to elaborate and focus on etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment aspect, and future scope for research about the WSLs occurring due to fixed orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Shankarappa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, A Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jerusha Titus Burk
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, A Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradeep Subbaiah
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, A Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghunath Nagasundara Rao
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, A Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vidya Gowdappa Doddawad
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Sakr AH, Nassif MS, El-Korashy DI. Amelogenin-inspired peptide, calcium phosphate solution, fluoride and their synergistic effect on enamel biomimetic remineralization: an in vitro pH-cycling model. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:279. [PMID: 38413983 PMCID: PMC10898002 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several methods were introduced for enamel biomimetic remineralization that utilize a biomimetic analogue to interact and absorb bioavailable calcium and phosphate ions and induce crystal nucleation on demineralized enamel. Amelogenin is the most predominant enamel matrix protein that is involved in enamel biomineralization. It plays a major role in developing the enamel's hierarchical microstructure. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the ability of an amelogenin-inspired peptide to promote the remineralization potential of fluoride and a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution in treating artificially induced enamel carious lesions under pH-cycling regimen. METHODS Fifty enamel slices were prepared with a window (4*4 mm2 ) on the surface. Five samples were set as control healthy enamel and 45 samples were subjected to demineralization for 3 days. Another 5 samples were set as control demineralized enamel and 40 enamel samples were assigned into 8 experimental groups (n=5) (P/I, P/II, P/III, P/AS, NP/I, NP/II, NP/III and NP/AS) according to peptide treatment (peptide P or non-peptide NP) and remineralizing solution used (I; calcium phosphate solution, II; calcium phosphate fluoride solution, III; fluoride solution and AS; artificial saliva). Samples were then subjected to demineralization/remineralization cycles for 9 days. Samples in all experimental groups were evaluated using Raman spectroscopy for mineral content recovery percentage, microhardness and nanoindentation as healthy, demineralized enamel and after pH-cycling. Data were statistically analysed using two-way repeated measures Anova followed by Bonferroni-corrected post hoc test for pairwise multiple comparisons between groups. Statistical significance was set at p= 0.05. Additionally, XRD, FESEM and EDXS were used for crystal orientation, surface morphology and elemental analysis after pH-cycling. RESULTS Nanocrystals clumped in a directional manner were detected in peptide-treated groups. P/II showed the highest significant mean values in mineral content recovery (63.31%), microhardness (268.81±6.52 VHN), elastic modulus (88.74±2.71 GPa), nanohardness (3.08±0.59 GPa) and the best crystal orientation with I002/I300 (1.87±0.08). CONCLUSION Despite pH changes, the tested peptide was capable of remineralizing enamel with ordered crystals. Moreover, the supplementary use of calcium phosphate fluoride solution with peptide granted an enhancement in enamel mechanical properties after remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa H Sakr
- Dental Biomaterials, Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African unity street, El-Qobba Bridge, El-Weili, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed Salah Nassif
- Dental Biomaterials, Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African unity street, El-Qobba Bridge, El-Weili, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia I El-Korashy
- Dental Biomaterials, Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African unity street, El-Qobba Bridge, El-Weili, Cairo, Egypt
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Almeshal R, Pagni S, Ali A, Zoukhri D. Antibacterial Activity and Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Adhesive Containing Various Sizes of Chitosan Nanoparticles: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e54098. [PMID: 38487116 PMCID: PMC10938044 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION White spot lesions are common after orthodontic treatment. Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) have emerged as promising antibacterial agents that inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans. The aim of the study was to investigate the nano-effect of adhesives containing CS-NPs on S. mutans and their effects on shear bond strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inhibitory effects of two sizes of CS-NPs were assessed using the disc agar diffusion method. Four wells were created in the petri dishes, and each was inoculated with broth (negative control), chlorhexidine (positive control), CS-NPs (20 nm), or CS-NPs (131 nm). An Instron machine was used to evaluate shear bond strength by allocating 24 teeth into three groups, and all measurements were recorded in megapascals. Caries progression was assessed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System and surface profilometry. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0 (Released 2020; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States) for a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. RESULTS Disc agar diffusion showed a reduction in S. mutans in the CS-NP group compared to the control (p < 0.001), with no statistical significance between the sizes of 20 and 131 nm (p = 0.95). Regarding shear bond strength, no differences were recorded when adhesive-containing CS-NPs and the control were compared (p = 0.44). Additionally, no differences were found within the CS-NP groups (p = 0.91). Caries assessments showed excellent agreement, as indicated by a weighted kappa. Profilometry readings showed higher surface roughness in the control than in the CS-NP groups (p < 0.001), with no statistically significant difference between the CS-NP groups (p = 0.72). CONCLUSION CS-NPs of both sizes tested had similar antibacterial effects. In addition, the incorporation of CS-NPs did not affect shear bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Pagni
- Department of Public Health and Community Service, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Ala Ali
- Department of Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Driss Zoukhri
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA
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Jiang W, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Shen Y, Yen E, Zou B. Bioceramic micro-fillers reinforce antibiofilm and remineralization properties of clear aligner attachment materials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1346959. [PMID: 38318418 PMCID: PMC10840140 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1346959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Clear aligners, while offering a more hygienic alternative to fixed appliances, are still associated with challenges including plaque accumulation and enamel demineralization. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibiofilm and remineralization effectiveness of innovative flowable composite attachments containing bioceramic micro-fillers. Methods: Four experimental attachments were formulated and bonded to human enamel specimens: 3M Filtek Supreme flowable composite (Filtek SF) + 10% bioactive glass 45S5 (BAG), Filtek SF + 30% BAG, Filtek SF + 10% Bredigite (BRT), Filtek SF + 30% BRT. Plaque biofilms were grown on the bonded enamel using a standardized protocol and the biofilm-killing effect was assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Vickers microhardness was measured to evaluate the remineralization effect of the attachments containing bioceramic fillers after acid challenge. Shear bond test was performed to assess the bonding strength. Results: Attachments with bioceramic fillers significantly inhibited plaque biofilm growth in 3 weeks on enamel, contributing over 20% bacterial cell killing in 10% filler groups and over 30% killing in 30% filler groups. All four experimental groups demonstrated significantly higher microhardness values than the control group without fillers on the attachment side. The shear bonding strength was not compromised in the attachments with micro-fillers. Discussion: Proper incorporation of bioceramic micro-fillers in attachments provides an innovative approach for clear aligner therapy with reinforced antibiofilm and remineralization effects without weakening shear bonding strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Jiang
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zhejun Wang
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yinghong Zhou
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Edwin Yen
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bingshuang Zou
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Orilisi G, Vitiello F, Notarstefano V, Furlani M, Riberti N, Monterubbianesi R, Bellezze T, Campus G, Carrouel F, Orsini G, Putignano A. Multidisciplinary evaluation of the remineralization potential of three fluoride-based toothpastes on natural white spot lesions. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:7451-7462. [PMID: 37857734 PMCID: PMC10713761 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in vitro study aimed assessing the remineralization potential of three commercial fluoride-based toothpastes in permanent teeth with natural white spot lesions (WSLs). A multidisciplinary approach based on Raman microspectroscopy (RMS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Vickers microhardness (VMH) was exploited. METHODS N = 12 human molars with natural WSLs in the proximal-vestibular zone were selected and divided into 4 groups (n = 3) according to the different treatments: HAF (hydroxyapatite with fluoride ions); SMF (sodium monofluorophosphate with arginine); SF (sodium fluoride with enzymes), and CTRL (untreated group). All toothpastes tested contained 1450 ppm of fluoride. Teeth samples were submitted to the following protocol: a 7-day pH cycling treatment, with two daily exposures (2 min each time) to the commercial toothpastes described above. The surface micromorphology (SEM), the chemical/elemental composition (RMS and EDS), and the Vickers microhardness (VMH) were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS A remarkable remineralization of WSLs in SEM images was observed in all treated groups compared to CTRL. In particular, HAF and SF displayed higher values of VMH, phosphates amount (I960), crystallinity (FWHM960), and lower ones of C/P (I1070/I960) with respect to CTRL. Intermediate values were found in SMF, higher than CTRL but lower with respect to HAF and SF. As regards the Ca/P ratio, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between SF and the other groups. CONCLUSIONS All the tested dentifrices have shown to remineralize the WSLs. SF and HAF have comparable capability in hardness recovery and crystallinity; however, SF shows the best remineralizing potential according to both micromorphological and chemical analyses. Clinical relevance The daily use of toothpastes containing hydroxyapatite partially replaced with fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate with arginine and sodium fluoride toothpaste associated with enzymes represents a preventive, therapeutic, effective, and non-invasive tool for remineralize WSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Orilisi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Flavia Vitiello
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy
- Health, Systemic, Process (P2S), Research Unit UR 4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche (DISVA), 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Michele Furlani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicole Riberti
- Department of Neurosciences Imaging and Clinical Sciences (DNISC), University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Riccardo Monterubbianesi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziano Bellezze
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florence Carrouel
- Health, Systemic, Process (P2S), Research Unit UR 4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Giovanna Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Angelo Putignano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy
- National Institute of Health and Science of Aging (INRCA), 60124, Ancona, Italy
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Lopes AG, Magalhães TC, Denadai ÂML, Carlo HL, Dos Santos RL, Munchow EA, Carvalho FGD. Preparation and characterization of NaF/Chitosan supramolecular complex and their effects on prevention of enamel demineralization. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 147:106134. [PMID: 37742597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Fluoridated mouthrinse is indicated for individuals with high risk of caries. Chitosan (Chit) exhibits antibacterial properties, but little is known about its effects on enamel when combined with sodium fluoride (NaF) to form NaF/Chit supramolecular complexes. In our study, NaF/Chit supramolecular complexes structured as microparticles were synthetized and characterized, and their effects on human enamel were evaluated after cariogenic challenge simulating the daily mouthrinse use. Initially, NaF/Chit complex formation was investigated based on several titrations by measuring the zeta potential, electrical conductivity (κ), hydrodynamic diameter (Dh), viscosity (η) and heat flow (by isothermal titration calorimetry) against the molar ratio [NaF]/[Chitmonomer], which allowed us to identify the interactions between Chit-NaF with a stoichiometry of approximately 0.68. Spontaneous microparticle formation was observed. Samples of enamel blocks were prepared and divided into eight groups (n = 10/group): (i) 0.2% Chit; (ii) 0.2% NaF; (iii) 0.2% NaF/Chit suspension; (iv) 0.2% acetic acid; (v) 0.05% Chit; (vi) 0.05% NaF; (vii) 0.05% NaF/Chit suspension; and (viii) 0.05% acetic acid. Cariogenic challenge was performed in each sample by cycling in demineralization and remineralization solutions for 7 days. Before each demineralization cycle, the corresponding substances were passively applied daily for 90 s, even in groups with 0.02% concentration. After 7 days, samples were examined for Knoop hardness (KHN) measurements. The data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). The 0.2% NaF and 0.2% NaF/Chit groups showed higher KHNpost-challenge values than the other groups. The 0.2% NaF/Chit microparticle suspension reduced the enamel hardness loss after cariogenic challenge as effectively as the 0.2% NaF solution and demonstrated potential for use in a formulation with anti-caries effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Gail Lopes
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora. Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares Campus, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Taís Chaves Magalhães
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora. Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares Campus, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ângelo Márcio Leite Denadai
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora. Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares Campus, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hugo Lemes Carlo
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora. Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares Campus, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rogério Lacerda Dos Santos
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora. Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares Campus, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Fabíola Galbiatti de Carvalho
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora. Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares Campus, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Qu S, Ma X, Yu S, Wang R. Chitosan as a biomaterial for the prevention and treatment of dental caries: antibacterial effect, biomimetic mineralization, and drug delivery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1234758. [PMID: 37840659 PMCID: PMC10570529 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1234758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a chronic, progressive disease caused by plaque, influenced by multiple factors and can damage the hard tissues of the teeth. In severe cases, it can also lead to the onset and development of other oral diseases, seriously affecting patients' quality of life. The creation of effective biomaterials for the prevention and treatment of dental caries has become one of the relentless goals of many researchers, with a focus on inhibiting the production of cariogenic plaque and retaining beneficial bacteria, guiding and promoting the reconstruction of dental hard tissues, and delaying the progression of existing caries. Chitosan is a natural cationic polymer extracted from the shells of crustaceans and shellfish. Since its discovery, chitosan has shown to have various biological functions such as antibacterial, biomimetic mineralization, drug delivery, etc., making it one of the most promising biopolymers for new caries prevention and materials of prostheses. Therefore, this article provides an overview of the anti-caries applications of chitosan, which mainly covers the basic research on the application of chitosan in caries prevention and treatment since 2010, with a focus on categorizing and summarizing the following characteristics of chitosan as a caries prevention material, including its antibacterial effect, biomimetic mineralization effect and delivery ability of caries prevention drugs and vaccines. It also explores the limitations of current research on chitosan as a caries prevention biomaterial and the difficulties that need to be focused on and overcome in the future to provide theoretical reference for the clinical implementation of chitosan as a caries prevention biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlin Qu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolin Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Shuo Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
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Chabuk MMG, Al-Shamma AMW. Surface roughness and microhardness of enamel white spot lesions treated with different treatment methods. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18283. [PMID: 37539286 PMCID: PMC10395522 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyse the surface roughness and microhardness of artificial enamel white spot lesions before and after WSL formation, after treatment (Opalsutre™ microabrasion, Sylc® bioactive glass, and ICON® resin infiltration), and after pH cycling with the help of the profilometer surface roughness tester and the digital Vickers microhardness tester. Materials and methods Seventy-five extracted molars were used to acquire one hundred specimens. 50 specimens were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10) for the surface roughness study: 1) Sound group, 2) WSL group, 3) micro abrasion (MA; Opalustre, Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA), 4) bioactive glass 45S5 Sylc powder (Sylc; Denfotex Research Ltd, Inverkeithing, UK), and 5) ICON resin infiltration (ICON; DMG, Hamburg, Germany). An additional 25 specimens were used to obtain 50 enamel slabs for the surface microhardness study, which were also assigned to the same groups. All groups underwent a final stage of pH cycling. Surface roughness and surface microhardness measurements were performed at different stages for all groups. Results Regarding surface roughness, ICON significantly reduced the surface roughness compared to Opalustre and Sylc, with no significant difference between Opalustre and Sylc. In terms of surface microhardness, ICON showed the highest improvement, followed by Sylc and then Opalustre. Both surface roughness and microhardness were significantly affected by demineralization, partially improved after treatment, and then regressed significantly after pH cycling. Conclusion ICON resin infiltrant can be considered as a superior treatment option for improving surface roughness and microhardness, while Opalustre demonstrated relatively the poorest performance compared to the other treatment options. It is noteworthy that the pH cycling procedure had an adverse impact irrespective of the treatment option used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina MG. Chabuk
- Corresponding author. Department of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad. Al-Mansour, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq.
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Damian LR, Dumitrescu R, Alexa VT, Focht D, Schwartz C, Balean O, Jumanca D, Obistioiu D, Lalescu D, Stefaniga SA, Berbecea A, Fratila AD, Scurtu AD, Galuscan A. Impact of Dentistry Materials on Chemical Remineralisation/Infiltration versus Salivary Remineralisation of Enamel-In Vitro Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7258. [PMID: 36295323 PMCID: PMC9612028 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate salivary remineralisation versus chemical remineralisation/infiltration of enamel, using different dentistry materials. The enamel changes were studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and the depth of lesions and demineralisation/remineralisation/infiltration percentage were calculated. Additionally, the macro elemental composition of the teeth was performed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Two studies were performed: (i) demineralisation of enamel in 3% citric acid and infiltration treatment with infiltration resin (Icon, DMG), remineralisation with Fluor Protector (Ivoclar Vivadent) and artificial saliva pH 8; and (ii) enamel demineralisation in saliva at pH 3 and remineralisation at salivary pH 8. The results showed that, firstly, for the remineralisation of demineralised enamel samples, Fluor Protector (Ivoclar Vivadent) was very effective for medium demineralised lesions followed by saliva remineralisation. In cases of deep demineralisation lesions where fluoride could not penetrate, low viscosity resin (Icon, DMG, Hamburg) effectively infiltrated to stop the demineralisation process. Secondly, remineralisation in salivary conditions needed supplementary study over a longer period, to analyse the habits, diet and nutrition of patients in detail. Finally, demineralisation/remineralisation processes were found to influence the macro elemental composition of enamel demineralisation, with natural saliva proving to be less aggressive in terms of decreasing Ca and Mg content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia-Raluca Damian
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ramona Dumitrescu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Vlad Tiberiu Alexa
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - David Focht
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristoph Schwartz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Octavia Balean
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniela Jumanca
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Diana Obistioiu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dacian Lalescu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Adina Berbecea
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300641 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Aurora Doris Fratila
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Denisa Scurtu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Atena Galuscan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Yan J, Yang H, Luo T, Hua F, He H. Application of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Agents in the Prevention and Treatment of Enamel Demineralization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:853436. [PMID: 35646855 PMCID: PMC9136455 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.853436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enamel demineralization, as a type of frequently-occurring dental problem that affects both the health and aesthetics of patients, is a concern for both dental professionals and patients. The main chemical composition of the enamel, hydroxyapatite, is easy to be dissolved under acid attack, resulting in the occurrence of enamel demineralization. Among agents for the preventing or treatment of enamel demineralization, amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) has gradually become a focus of research. Based on the nonclassical crystallization theory, ACP can induce the formation of enamel-like hydroxyapatite and thereby achieve enamel remineralization. However, ACP has poor stability and tends to turn into hydroxyapatite in an aqueous solution resulting in the loss of remineralization ability. Therefore, ACP needs to be stabilized in an amorphous state before application. Herein, ACP stabilizers, including amelogenin and its analogs, casein phosphopeptides, polymers like chitosan derivatives, carboxymethylated PAMAM and polyelectrolytes, together with their mechanisms for stabilizing ACP are briefly reviewed. Scientific evidence supporting the remineralization ability of these ACP agents are introduced. Limitations of existing research and further prospects of ACP agents for clinical translation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongye Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Luo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Hua
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Evidence-Based Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Fang Hua, ; Hong He,
| | - Hong He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Hua, ; Hong He,
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Otel I, Dias K, Pereira R, Fonseca M, Jesus AP, Mata A, Vassilenko V, Silveira JM, Pessanha S. Investigation of the protective suitability of a dental fluorinated varnish by means of X Ray fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 71:126938. [PMID: 35114575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Evaluating the protective effect in human enamel of a fluorinated varnish after enduring a citric acid erosive challenge. METHODS An in vitro model was developed considering the intraoral environment, human saliva and acid erosive procedures. The evaluation of the enamel specimens was undertaken through the direct analysis of enamel by means of Raman spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF). Ten tooth specimens per group were analysed during three stages: 1- before treatment; 2- After varnish (treatment group) or toothpaste (control) application; 3- After citric acid cycle. Additionally, Particle Induced Gamma Ray emission (PIGE) was used to gauge the fluorine uptake by enamel after the application of the varnish (stage 2). Results were presented as mean and standard deviation with ANOVA and Tukey post hoc performed considering a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS A significant (p < 0.05) higher Ca levels were detected in treatment group at stage 2 (37.4 ± 0.4 w/w%) and 3 (37.1 ± 0.1) when compared to the control group. After varnish application in treatment group, depolarization ratios were significant lower (p < 0.05) and anisotropy were significant higher (p < 0.05), however no differences were detected in FWHM. CONCLUSIONS The use of a fluorinated dental varnish suggests a protective effect for human enamel against dental erosion demineralization process which was detectable in an in vitro model.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Otel
- NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys - Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Portugal
| | - K Dias
- NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - R Pereira
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, 1600-277, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Fonseca
- NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys - Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Portugal; HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab/University Lusófona, Portugal
| | - A P Jesus
- NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys - Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Portugal
| | - A Mata
- LIBPhys - Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, 1600-277, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - V Vassilenko
- NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys - Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Portugal
| | - J M Silveira
- LIBPhys - Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, 1600-277, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S Pessanha
- NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys - Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Portugal.
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Chitosan-based drug delivery systems: current strategic design and potential application in human hard tissue repair. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nimbeni SB, Nimbeni BS, Divakar DD. Role of Chitosan in Remineralization of Enamel and Dentin: A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021; 14:562-568. [PMID: 34824515 PMCID: PMC8585910 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and objective The purpose of this research was to analyze the role of chitosan in the remineralization of enamel and dentin. Materials and methods An electronic search was done for articles published from January 2009 to January 2020. A manual search was done from bibliographies of selected articles for relevant articles that were unexplored. Only in vitro studies conducted on the application of chitosan for remineralization of enamel and dentin were included in the study. Results Of the 162 articles that were searched, only 15 in vitro studies were selected for the study. These studies met the inclusion criteria and were published from January 2009 to January 2020. Conclusion The review provides insight into the mechanism of remineralization of enamel and dentin. The properties of chitosan make it an ideal biomaterial that can be employed in the formulation of a novel remineralizing gel. However, more in vivo studies, clinical trials, and research are essential to transform chitosan-based remineralizing gels from research to clinical use. Clinical significance This review article opens a new window of opportunities for remineralizing enamel and dentin which have been long considered a challenging job. How to cite this article Nimbeni SB, Nimbeni BS, Divakar DD. Role of Chitosan in Remineralization of Enamel and Dentin: A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(4):562–568.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti B Nimbeni
- Department of Public Health, Texila American University, Guyana, South America
| | - Basavaraj S Nimbeni
- Department of Clinical Research, Texila American University, Guyana, South America
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University (LMMU), Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
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15
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Mylonas P, Moazzez R, Joiner A, Bartlett D. Superimposition of sequential scans to measure erosion on unpolished and curved human enamel. J Dent 2021; 117:103879. [PMID: 34762989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if superimposition of sequential scans can discriminate between different fluorides at step heights less than 5 μm on natural human enamel surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS Natural, unpolished, human enamel specimens (n = 60) were randomly assigned to one of three pre-treatment toothpaste slurries with a calcium silicate/fluoride, fluoride-only and a control. Baseline and post treatment scans, from a non-contacting profilometer with a 0.01 μm z-axis and <1 μm lateral scanning resolution were imported into superimposition software to define change in mean 3D step height and surface roughness following erosion in 0.3 % citric acid for 15 min. Statistical analysis conducted with two-way repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's multiple comparisons. RESULTS Confidence and resolution of superimposition and subtraction of repeated profiles from unpolished enamel revealed accuracy within 1-2 μm. The technique was able to discriminate between the fluorides demonstrating statistical differences in mean (SD) 3D step height (μm) of 1.96 (0.40) and 2.75 (0.49) (p=0.0024). There was a statistically significant increase in surface roughness for all groups after 15 min erosion compared to baseline. But no statistically significant difference between the interventions after 15 min erosion but there was compared to no fluoride (p=0.006). CONCLUSION Superimposition and subtraction of profiles could discriminate between fluoride interventions, which showed statistical differences in enamel loss differences less than 3 μm. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This erosion model and data analysis workflow was able to distinguish differences between scans of 3 μm on unpolished enamel following the interaction with fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mylonas
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, United Kingdom; Centre for Oral, Clinical &Translational Sciences, King's College London Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, London, United Kingdom.
| | - R Moazzez
- Centre for Oral, Clinical &Translational Sciences, King's College London Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Joiner
- Unilever Oral Care, Bebington, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - D Bartlett
- Centre for Oral, Clinical &Translational Sciences, King's College London Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, London, United Kingdom
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Acevedo LA, Campos LA, Dechandt IC, Alegria G, Siqueira RL, Zanotto ED, Carlos Serbena F, Santos FA. Effect of bioactive glasses containing strontium and potassium on dentin permeability. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:517-526. [PMID: 34498810 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is characterized by pain caused by an external stimulus on exposed dentin. Different therapeutic approaches have been proposed to mitigate this problem; however, none of them provide permanent pain relief. In this study, we synthesized and characterized experimental bioactive glasses containing 3.07 mol% SrO or 3.36 mol% K2 O (both equivalent to 5 wt% in the glass), and evaluated their effect on dentin permeability to verify their potential to treat DH. The experimental materials were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction to confirm the respective structures and chemical compositions. The reduction in the hydraulic conductance of dentin was evaluated at the three stages: minimum permeability; maximum permeability (24% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA] treatment); and final dentin permeability after treatment with the bioactive glasses. They all promoted a reduction in dentin permeability, with a significant difference for each sample and posttreatment group. Also, a significant reduction in dentin permeability was observed even after a simulated toothbrushing test, demonstrating effective action of these materials against DH. Besides, incorporating 3.07 mol% SrO was a positive factor. Therefore, strontium's desensitizing and re-mineralizing properties can be further exploited in bioactive glasses to promote a synergistic effect to treat DH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Alegria Acevedo
- School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, UEPG, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gustavo Alegria
- Department of Dentistry, University of Valle, Santiago de Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Renato Luiz Siqueira
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Edgar Dutra Zanotto
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio André Santos
- School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, UEPG, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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Farooq I, Samad Khan A, Moheet IA, Alshwaimi E. Preparation of a toothpaste containing theobromine and fluoridated bioactive glass and its effect on surface micro-hardness and roughness of enamel. Dent Mater J 2020; 40:393-398. [PMID: 33208577 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to synthesize a toothpaste and analyze its effect on surface micro-hardness and roughness of enamel. Basic paste was prepared by using basic ingredients. Theobromine (0.2 wt%) and laboratory synthesized fluoridated-bioactive glass (F-BG, 4 wt%) were added to it. Post-demineralization, 36 enamel blocks were divided into six groups that were brushed with their respective toothpaste+artificial saliva (AS): group 1 (control): basic paste; group 2: basic paste+theobromine; group 3: commercial theobromine toothpaste; group 4: commercial BG toothpaste; group 5: basic paste+F-BG; and group 6: basic paste+theobromine+F-BG. On micro-hardness analysis, group 6 performed best, followed by group 4. Surface roughness results showed the maximum decrease in roughness values for group 6, followed by group 5. Treatment with toothpaste composition containing theobromine+F-BG resulted in the enamel's increased micro-hardness and decreased surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Farooq
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
| | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
| | | | - Emad Alshwaimi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
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Mocquot C, Attik N, Pradelle-Plasse N, Grosgogeat B, Colon P. Bioactivity assessment of bioactive glasses for dental applications: A critical review. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1116-1143. [PMID: 32605848 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the context of minimally invasive dentistry and tissue conservation, bioactive products are valuable. The aim of this review was to identify, clarify, and classify the methodologies used to quantify the bioactive glasses bioactivity. METHODS Specific search strategies were performed in electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Papers were selected after a review of their title, abstract, and full text. The following data were then examined for final selection: BAG investigated, objectives, criteria, methods, and outcomes. RESULTS Sixty-one studies published from 2001 to 2019, were included. The bioactivity of BAG can be evaluated in vitro in contact with solutions, enamel, dentin, or cells. Other studies have conducted in vivo evaluation by BAG contact with dentin and dental pulp. Studies have used various analysis techniques: evaluation of apatite with or without characterization or assessment of mechanical properties. Reprecipitation mechanisms and pulp cell stimulation are treated together through the term 'bioactivity'. SIGNIFICANCE Based on these results, we suggested a classification of methodologies for a better understanding of the bioactive properties of BAG. According to all in vitro studies, BAG appear to be bioactive materials. No consensus has been reached on the results of in vivo studies, and no comparison has been conducted between protocols to assess the bioactivity of other bioactive competitor products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mocquot
- Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Rothschild, Service d'Odontologie, Université de Paris, Faculté dentaire, France.
| | - Nina Attik
- Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Nelly Pradelle-Plasse
- Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Rothschild, Service d'Odontologie, Université de Paris, Faculté dentaire, France
| | - Brigitte Grosgogeat
- Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, 69008 Lyon, France; Hospices civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Colon
- Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Rothschild, Service d'Odontologie, Université de Paris, Faculté dentaire, France
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Hanafy RA, Mostafa D, Abd El-Fattah A, Kandil S. Biomimetic chitosan against bioinspired nanohydroxyapatite for repairing enamel surfaces. BIOINSPIRED, BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2020; 9:85-94. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.19.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, chitosan was employed as a novel biomimetic mineralization model to repair damaged enamel to compare its performance with that of bioinspired zinc-doped nanohydroxyapatite. Fifty human premolar tooth slices were prepared, and artificial caries lesions were induced to produce demineralized enamel surfaces. The etched slices were randomly divided into two groups: a chitosan-hydrogel-treated group and a zinc-doped nanohydroxyapatite-treated group. In vitro assessment using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy was conducted at the baseline, demineralization and remineralization stages. Baseline results were matched with those for normal enamel; a marked reduction in the calcium (Ca)/phosphorus (P) ratio to 1·12 and the lack of the characteristic hydroxyapatite diffraction peaks were detected for demineralized enamel. The remineralization stage revealed evident recovery of the mineral contents (the calcium/phosphorus ratio was 1·61 for the chitosan-treated group and 1·58 for the bioinspired-nanohydroxyapatite-treated one), with apparent distinctive X-ray diffraction patterns of hydroxyapatite in both groups. Scanning electron microscopic analysis showed the absence of etched enamel porosity, with the formation of a newly formed rod-like apatite layer, similar to natural enamel, which extended over the treated enamel surfaces of both groups. Chitosan hydrogel is recommended as a biomimetic mineralization smart system for repairing demineralized carious enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Ahmed Hanafy
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dawlat Mostafa
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd El-Fattah
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Sherif Kandil
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Pini NIP, Lima DANL, Luka B, Ganss C, Schlueter N. Viscosity of chitosan impacts the efficacy of F/Sn containing toothpastes against erosive/abrasive wear in enamel. J Dent 2020; 92:103247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.103247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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21
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Soares RDF, Campos MGN, Ribeiro GP, Salles BCC, Cardoso NS, Ribeiro JR, Souza RM, Leme KC, Soares CB, de Oliveira CM, Elston LB, da Fonseca CCP, Ferreira EB, Rodrigues MR, Duarte SMS, Paula FBA. Development of a chitosan hydrogel containing flavonoids extracted from Passiflora edulis leaves and the evaluation of its antioxidant and wound healing properties for the treatment of skin lesions in diabetic mice. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:654-662. [PMID: 31747098 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a chitosan-based hydrogel containing a mixture of flavonoids isolated from the leaves of Passiflora edulis Sims and to evaluate its stability, antioxidant properties, and wound healing effects on cutaneous lesions in diabetic rats. in vitro studies were carried out to evaluate the biocompatibility and flavonoid release from the chitosan hydrogel. in vivo wound healing studies were conducted on male Wistar rats, where the injured tissue was removed for histological analysis and determination of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase activity, and glutathione peroxidase activity. From the histological analysis and macroscopic evaluation of the contraction of the wounds, it was observed that the formulation presented wound healing properties. In addition, treatment of the wound with the formulation stimulated the antioxidant defense system, suggesting a beneficial effect during the treatment of skin lesions in diabetic rats, especially in the first few days after wounding. According to these results, we can conclude that the chitosan hydrogel containing the flavonoid analyzed in this study has potential use as dressings in the treatment of wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita D F Soares
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Maria G N Campos
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Alfenas, Poços de Caldas, Brazil
| | - Gislaine P Ribeiro
- Department of Food and Drugs, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Bruno C C Salles
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil.,José do Rosário Vellano University, MG, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Naiane S Cardoso
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Julia R Ribeiro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Raphaela M Souza
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Krissia C Leme
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Caroline B Soares
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Alfenas, Poços de Caldas, Brazil
| | - Carla M de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Lilian B Elston
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Poços de Caldas, Brazil
| | | | - Eric B Ferreira
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Maria R Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Stella M S Duarte
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Fernanda B A Paula
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
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In vitro remineralization of enamel white spot lesions with a carrier-based amorphous calcium phosphate delivery system. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:2079-2089. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Effects of Fluoride and Calcium Phosphate Materials on Remineralization of Mild and Severe White Spot Lesions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1271523. [PMID: 31317022 PMCID: PMC6601497 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1271523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fixed orthodontic treatments often lead to enamel demineralization and cause white spot lesions (WSLs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the mineralization degree of 2 types of WSLs based on ICDAS index and compare the remineralizing efficacy of 3 oral hygiene practices after 1 month and 3 months. 80 mild demineralized and 80 severe demineralized enamel specimens were randomized into three treatments: fluoride toothpaste (FT), fluoride varnish plus fluoride toothpaste (FV+FT), and CPP-ACP plus fluoride toothpaste (CPP-ACP+FT). Microhardness tester, DIAGNODent Pen 2190, and scanning electron microscope were used to evaluate the changes of mineralization degree. Both qualitative and quantitative indicators suggested that the mild and severe white spot lesions were different in the degree of mineralization. Severe WSLs demineralized much more seriously than mild lesions even after 3 months of treatment. Despite the variation in severity, both lesions had the same variation trend after each measure was applied: FT had weak therapeutic effect, FV + FT and CPP-ACP + FT were effective for remineralization. Their remineralizing efficacy was similar after 1 month, and combined use of CPP-ACP plus F toothpaste was more effective after 3 months. In order to fight WSLs, early diagnosis was of great importance, and examination of the tooth surface after air-dry for 5 seconds was recommended. Also, when WSLs were found, added remineralizing treatments were required.
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Chitosan-bioglass complexes promote subsurface remineralisation of incipient human carious enamel lesions. J Dent 2019; 84:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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25
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Gu L, Cai X, Guo J, Pashley D, Breschi L, Xu H, Wang X, Tay F, Niu L. Chitosan-Based Extrafibrillar Demineralization for Dentin Bonding. J Dent Res 2018; 98:186-193. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034518805419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Instability of resin-dentin bonds is the Achilles’ heel of adhesive dentistry. To address this problem, a chelate-and-rinse extrafibrillar dentin demineralization strategy has been developed that keeps intrafibrillar minerals within collagen fibrils intact to prevent activation of endogenous proteases that are responsible for collagen degradation within hybrid layers. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of using chitosan >40 kDa as an antimicrobial extrafibrillar dentin-chelating agent to enhance bond durability. Transmission electron microscopy provided evidence for retention of intrafibrillar minerals and smear plugs in dentin conditioned with 1 wt% chitosan. Analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance, Dunn’s statistic, and separate Mann-Whitney tests, tensile bond strengths to wet- and dry-bonded dentin indicated that chelating dentin with chitosan for 60 s prior to bonding did not result in a significant decline in resin-dentin bond strength when compared with that of phosphoric acid etching ( P > 0.05). Gelatinolytic activity within the hybrid layers was examined via in situ zymography after 24-h storage or after thermomechanical cycling and analyzed with 3-factor analysis of variance. After 24 h, enzymatic activity was detected only within completely demineralized phosphoric acid–etched dentin, with values derived from dry bonding significantly higher than those derived from wet bonding ( P < 0.05). Negligible fluorescence was detected within hybrid layers when dentin was conditioned with chitosan, even after thermomechanical cycling, as compared with the controls. Reduction in water permeability in chitosan-conditioned dentin, attributed to smear plug retention, also fostered long-term bond stability. Antibacterial testing performed with live/dead staining indicated that the acetic acid–solubilized chitosan possessed antibacterial activities against 3 single-species biofilms: Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Enterococcus faecalis. Taken together, the new chitosan-based extrafibrillar demineralization strategy retains intrafibrillar minerals, reduces endogenous protease-initiated collagen degradation, prevents water permeation within hybrid layers, and kills bacteria on dentin surfaces, which are crucial factors for enhancing resin-dentin bond durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.S. Gu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X. Cai
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - J.M. Guo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - D.H. Pashley
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - L. Breschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - H.H.K. Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - X.Y. Wang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - F.R. Tay
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - L.N. Niu
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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