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Park JC, Jang HK, Kim J, Han JH, Jung Y, Kim K, Bae S, Cha HJ. High expression of uracil DNA glycosylase determines C to T substitution in human pluripotent stem cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:175-183. [PMID: 34976436 PMCID: PMC8688811 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Precise genome editing of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is crucial not only for basic science but also for biomedical applications such as ex vivo stem cell therapy and genetic disease modeling. However, hPSCs have unique cellular properties compared to somatic cells. For instance, hPSCs are extremely susceptible to DNA damage, and therefore Cas9-mediated DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) induce p53-dependent cell death, resulting in low Cas9 editing efficiency. Unlike Cas9 nucleases, base editors including cytosine base editor (CBE) and adenine base editor (ABE) can efficiently substitute single nucleotides without generating DSBs at target sites. Here, we found that the editing efficiency of CBE was significantly lower than that of ABE in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), which are associated with high expression of DNA glycosylases, the key component of the base excision repair pathway. Sequential depletion of DNA glycosylases revealed that high expression of uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) not only resulted in low editing efficiency but also affected CBE product purity (i.e., C to T) in hESCs. Therefore, additional suppression of UNG via transient knockdown would also improve C to T base substitutions in hESCs. These data suggest that the unique cellular characteristics of hPSCs could determine the efficiency of precise genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Chan Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ki Jang
- Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jumee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Han
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngri Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Keuntae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Go YH, Kim J, Jeong HC, Kim SM, Kim YJ, Park SJ, Moon SH, Cha HJ. Luteolin Induces Selective Cell Death of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110453. [PMID: 33121085 PMCID: PMC7692041 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in clinical stem cell therapy applications based on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), potential teratoma formation due to the presence of residual undifferentiated hPSCs remains a serious risk factor that challenges widespread clinical application. To overcome this risk, a variety of approaches have been developed to eliminate the remaining undifferentiated hPSCs via selective cell death induction. Our study seeks to identify natural flavonoids that are more potent than quercetin (QC), to selectively induce hPSC death. Upon screening in-house flavonoids, luteolin (LUT) is found to be more potent than QC to eliminate hPSCs in a p53-dependent manner, but not hPSC-derived smooth muscle cells or perivascular progenitor cells. Particularly, treating human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived cardiomyocytes with LUT efficiently eliminates the residual hESCs and only results in marginal effects on cardiomyocyte (CM) functions, as determined by calcium influx. Considering the technical limitations of isolating CMs due to a lack of exclusive surface markers at the end of differentiation, LUT treatment is a promising approach to minimize teratoma formation risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hyun Go
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (Y.-H.G.); (H.-C.J.)
| | - Jumee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.K.); (S.-M.K.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Ho-Chang Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (Y.-H.G.); (H.-C.J.)
| | - Seong-Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.K.); (S.-M.K.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Yun-Jeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.K.); (S.-M.K.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Soon-Jung Park
- Stem Cell Research Institute, T&R Biofab Co., Ltd., Siheung 15073, Korea; (S.-J.P.); (S.-H.M.)
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Stem Cell Research Institute, T&R Biofab Co., Ltd., Siheung 15073, Korea; (S.-J.P.); (S.-H.M.)
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.K.); (S.-M.K.); (Y.-J.K.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-7825; Fax: +82-2-880-9122
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Kim KT, Park JC, Jang HK, Lee H, Park S, Kim J, Kwon OS, Go YH, Jin Y, Kim W, Lee J, Bae S, Cha HJ. Safe scarless cassette-free selection of genome-edited human pluripotent stem cells using temporary drug resistance. Biomaterials 2020; 262:120295. [PMID: 32916603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An efficient gene-editing technique for use in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has great potential value in regenerative medicine, as well as in drug discovery based on isogenic human disease models. However, the extremely low efficiency of gene editing in hPSCs remains as a major technical hurdle. Previously, we demonstrated that YM155, a survivin inhibitor developed as an anti-cancer drug, induces highly selective cell death in undifferentiated hPSCs. In this study, we demonstrated that the high cytotoxicity of YM155 in hPSCs, which is mediated by selective cellular uptake of the drug, is due to the high expression of SLC35F2 in these cells. Knockout of SLC35F2 with CRISPR-Cas9, or depletion with siRNAs, made the hPSCs highly resistant to YM155. Simultaneous editing of a gene of interest and transient knockdown of SLC35F2 following YM155 treatment enabled the survival of genome-edited hPSCs as a result of temporary YM155 resistance, thereby achieving an enriched selection of clonal populations with gene knockout or knock-in. This precise and efficient genome editing approach took as little as 3 weeks and required no cell sorting or the introduction of additional genes, to be a more feasible approach for gene editing in hPSCs due to its simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Tae Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Chan Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ki Jang
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haeseung Lee
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Division of Molecular & Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seokwoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jumee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Go
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Wankyu Kim
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Division of Molecular & Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongmi Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Go YH, Lim C, Jeong HC, Kwon OS, Chung S, Lee H, Kim W, Suh YG, Son WS, Lee MO, Cha HJ, Kim SH. Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of YM155 for Inducing Selective Cell Death of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Chem 2019; 7:298. [PMID: 31157201 PMCID: PMC6532689 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great potential for regenerative medicine, the high tumorigenic potential of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to form undesirable teratoma is an important technical hurdle preventing safe cell therapy. Various small molecules that induce the complete elimination of undifferentiated hPSCs, referred to as "stemotoxics," have been developed to facilitate tumor-free cell therapy, including the Survivin inhibitor YM155. In the present work, based on the chemical structure of YM155, total 26 analogs were synthesized and tested for stemotoxic activity toward human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced PSCs (iPSCs). We found that a hydrogen bond acceptor in the pyrazine ring of YM155 derivatives is critical for stemotoxic activity, which is completely lost in hESCs lacking SLC35F2, which encodes a solute carrier protein. These results suggest that hydrogen bonding interactions between the nitrogens of the pyrazine ring and the SLC35F2 protein are critical for entry of YM155 into hPSCs, and hence stemotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hyun Go
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Changjin Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pochen-si, South Korea
| | - Ho-Chang Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sungkyun Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pochen-si, South Korea
| | - Haeseung Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wankyu Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Ger Suh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pochen-si, South Korea
| | - Woo Sung Son
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pochen-si, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ok Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pochen-si, South Korea
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Yoon D, Yoon D, Sim H, Hwang I, Lee JS, Chun W. Accelerated Wound Healing by Fibroblasts Differentiated from Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Pressure Ulcer Animal Model. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4789568. [PMID: 30693037 PMCID: PMC6332923 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4789568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts synthesize and secrete dermal collagen, matrix proteins, growth factors, and cytokines. These characteristics of fibroblasts provide a potential way for fibroblast therapy to treat skin ulcers more effectively than conventional therapies such as cytokine therapy and negative pressure wound therapy. However, the obstacle to the commercialization of fibroblast therapy is the limited supply of cells with consistent quality. In this study, we tested whether human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hESC-MSCs) could be differentiated into fibroblasts considering that they have characteristics of high differentiation rates, unlimited proliferation possibility from a single colony, and homogeneity. As a result, hESC-MSC-derived fibroblasts (hESC-MSC-Fbs) showed a significant increase in the expression of type I and III collagen, fibronectin, and fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP-1). Besides, vessel formation and wound healing were enhanced in hESC-MSC-Fb-treated skin tissues compared to PBS- or hESC-MSC-treated skin tissues, along with decreased IL-6 expression at 4 days after the formation of pressure ulcer wound in a mouse model. In view of the limited available cell sources for fibroblast therapy, hESC-MSC-Fbs show a promising potential as a commercial cell therapy source to treat skin ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajeong Yoon
- Burn Institute, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dogeon Yoon
- Burn Institute, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejoong Sim
- Burn Institute, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inseok Hwang
- Burn Institute, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Lee
- Burn Institute, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Chun
- Burn Institute, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mesenchymal stem cell-driven activatable photosensitizers for precision photodynamic oncotherapy. Biomaterials 2018; 187:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Cho SJ, Kim KT, Jeong HC, Park JC, Kwon OS, Song YH, Shin JG, Kang S, Kim W, Shin HD, Lee MO, Moon SH, Cha HJ. Selective Elimination of Culture-Adapted Human Embryonic Stem Cells with BH3 Mimetics. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:1244-1256. [PMID: 30293852 PMCID: PMC6235677 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective survival advantage of culture-adapted human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is a serious safety concern for their clinical application. With a set of hESCs with various passage numbers, we observed that a subpopulation of hESCs at late passage numbers was highly resistant to various cell death stimuli, such as YM155, a survivin inhibitor. Transcriptome analysis from YM155-sensitive (YM155S) and YM155-resistant (YM155R) hESCs demonstrated that BCL2L1 was highly expressed in YM155R hESCs. By matching the gene signature of YM155R hESCs with the Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal dataset, BH3 mimetics were predicted to selectively ablate these cells. Indeed, short-course treatment with a sub-optimal dose of BH3 mimetics induced the spontaneous death of YM155R, but not YM155S hESCs by disrupting the mitochondrial membrane potential. YM155S hESCs remained pluripotent following BH3 mimetics treatment. Therefore, the use of BH3 mimetics is a promising strategy to specifically eliminate hESCs with a selective survival advantage. Culture-adapted hESCs against YM155/genotoxic agents mediated by high BCL-xL expression Selective cell death of culture-adapted hPSCs by BH3 mimetics Pluripotency maintenance of normal hESCs after exposure to BH3 mimetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ju Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Chang Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Chan Park
- School of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- School of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Song
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Gon Shin
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Kang
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Division of Molecular & Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Wankyu Kim
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Division of Molecular & Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Doo Shin
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ok Lee
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- School of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Inhibition of the tumorigenic potential of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) remains critically important for safe hPSC-based therapy. In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Kuang et al. (2017) reveal that the phospho-D-peptide D-3 efficiently induces death of residual hPSCs, but not of differentiated progenies, through high alkaline phosphatase activity in hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Chang Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea.
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Jeong HC, Cho SJ, Lee MO, Cha HJ. Technical approaches to induce selective cell death of pluripotent stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2601-2611. [PMID: 28246701 PMCID: PMC11107638 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent promising results of clinical trials using human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based cell therapies for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the risk of teratoma formation resulting from residual undifferentiated hPSCs remains a serious and critical hurdle for broader clinical implementation. To mitigate the tumorigenic risk of hPSC-based cell therapy, a variety of approaches have been examined to ablate the undifferentiated hPSCs based on the unique molecular properties of hPSCs. In the present review, we offer a brief overview of recent attempts at selective elimination of undifferentiated hPSCs to decrease the risk of teratoma formation in hPSC-based cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Chang Jeong
- Dept. of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sogang University, #1 Sinsu-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul,, 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ju Cho
- Dept. of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sogang University, #1 Sinsu-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul,, 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ok Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon,, 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- Dept. of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sogang University, #1 Sinsu-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul,, 121-742, Republic of Korea.
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