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Ke H, Chen Z, Zhao X, Yang C, Luo T, Ou W, Wang L, Liu H. Research progress on activation transcription factor 3: A promising cardioprotective molecule. Life Sci 2023:121869. [PMID: 37355225 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Activation transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a member of the ATF/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding family, can be induced by a variety of stresses. Numerous studies have indicated that ATF3 plays multiple roles in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertrophy, fibrosis, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, cardiomyopathy, and other cardiac dysfunctions. In past decades, ATF3 has been demonstrated to be detrimental to some cardiac diseases. Current studies have indicated that ATF3 can function as a cardioprotective molecule in antioxidative stress, lipid metabolic metabolism, energy metabolic regulation, and cell death modulation. To unveil the potential therapeutic role of ATF3 in cardiovascular diseases, we organized this review to explore the protective effects and mechanisms of ATF3 on cardiac dysfunction, which might provide rational evidence for the prevention and cure of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoteng Ke
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Zexing Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xuanbin Zhao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chaobo Yang
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wen Ou
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Lizi Wang
- Department of Health Management, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Haiqiong Liu
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Department of Health Management, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
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Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma arising in immunosuppressed patients: a systematic review of tumor profiling studies. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 2:100126. [PMID: 35620703 PMCID: PMC9127418 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
As solid organ transplantation becomes more prevalent, more individuals are living as members of the immunosuppressed population with an elevated risk for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Although great progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of cSCC in general, little is known about the drivers of tumorigenesis in immunosuppressed patients and organ-transplant recipients, specifically. This systematic review sought to synthesize information regarding the genetic and epigenetic alterations as well as changes in protein and mRNA expression that place this growing population at risk for cSCC, influence treatment response, and promote tumor aggressiveness. This review will provide investigators with a framework to identify future areas of investigation and clinicians with additional insight into how to best manage these patients.
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Harding AL, Murdoch C, Danby S, Hasan MZ, Nakanishi H, Furuno T, Hadad S, Turner R, Colley HE. Determination of Chemical Irritation Potential Using a Defined Gene Signature Set on Tissue-Engineered Human Skin Equivalents. JID INNOVATIONS 2021; 1:100011. [PMID: 34909715 PMCID: PMC8659397 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no physical or visual manifestations that define skin sensitivity or irritation; a subjective diagnosis is made on the basis of the evaluation of clinical presentations, including burning, prickling, erythema, and itching. Adverse skin reaction in response to topically applied products is common and can limit the use of dermatological or cosmetic products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of human skin equivalents based on immortalized skin keratinocytes and evaluate the potential of a 22-gene panel in combination with multivariate analysis to discriminate between chemicals known to act as irritants and those that do not. Test compounds were applied topically to full-thickness human skin equivalent or human ex vivo skin and gene signatures determined for known irritants and nonirritants. Principle component analysis showed the discriminatory potential of the 22-gene panel. Linear discrimination analysis, performed to further refine the gene set for a more high-throughput analysis, identified a putative seven-gene panel (IL-6, PTGS2, ATF3, TRPV3, MAP3K8, HMGB2, and matrix metalloproteinase gene MMP-3) that could distinguish potential irritants from nonirritants. These data offer promise as an in vitro prediction tool, although analysis of a large chemical test set is required to further evaluate the system.
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Key Words
- CA, cinnamaldehyde
- CAP, capsaicin
- CON, control
- Co-DEA, cocamide diethanolamine
- Co-MEA, cocamide monoethanolamine
- H2O, water
- HDF, human dermal fibroblast
- HSE, human skin equivalent
- KC, keratinocyte
- LA, lactic acid
- LDA, linear discrimination analysis
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MP, methylparaben
- N-LA, neutralized lactic acid
- PCA, principal component analysis
- TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Harding
- The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Murdoch
- The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Correspondence: Craig Murdoch, The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA, United Kingdom.
| | - Simon Danby
- Sheffield Dermatology Research, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Md Zobaer Hasan
- Safety Design Centre, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuo Furuno
- Safety Design Centre, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sirwan Hadad
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Turner
- Research Software Engineering Sheffield, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E. Colley
- The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Xu G, Fang J, Xu J, Shen Z, Huang C, Jiang Y. Expression and significance of mammalian target of rapamycin in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9930-9938. [PMID: 34874800 PMCID: PMC8810078 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1984719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), Bowen’s disease (BD), and actinic keratosis (AK) with squamous cell differentiation abnormality and its relationship with the degree of tumor proliferation. Thirty cases of clinical paraffin specimens of CSCC, BD, and AK were each collected from Jinhua Fifth Hospital, while 30 cases of normal skin specimens surgically resected in Department of Plastic Surgery were selected as controls. The expressions of mTOR and Ki-67 in tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The positive expression rate of mTOR in the CSCC group was higher than those in the BD group and AK group (P < 0.05), while it was higher in the BD group and AK group than in the normal skin group (P < 0.05). The CSCC group had a higher positive expression rate of Ki-67 than the AK group (P < 0.01). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the pathogenic site [odds ratio (OR) = 1.189, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.028–1.381, P = 0.021], course of disease (OR = 2.059, 95%CI: 1.036–4.087, P = 0.043), and differentiation degree (OR = 1.325, 95%CI: 1.169–1.512, P = 0.001) were independent factors for the positive expression of mTOR. OR>1, indicating that the factor is a risk factor. The expression levels of mTOR in CSCC, BD, and AK were positively correlated with the expression level of Ki-67 (r = 0.827, P < 0.01, r = 0.608, P < 0.01, r = 0.368, P = 0.045). These results suggest that mTOR may be involved in the pathogenesis of CSCC, and related to the proliferation degree of CSCC, as an index reflecting the proliferation status of CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongjun Xu
- Department of Dermatology,Jinhua Fifth Hospital, JinHua, ZheJiang,China
| | - Jinxian Fang
- Department of Dermatology,Jinhua Fifth Hospital, JinHua, ZheJiang,China
| | - Jinlun Xu
- Department of Dermatology,Jinhua Fifth Hospital, JinHua, ZheJiang,China
| | - Zhen Shen
- Department of Dermatology,Jinhua Fifth Hospital, JinHua, ZheJiang,China
| | - Chiqing Huang
- Department of Dermatology,Jinhua Fifth Hospital, JinHua, ZheJiang,China
| | - Yixiu Jiang
- Department of Dermatology,Jinhua Fifth Hospital, JinHua, ZheJiang,China
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Thai AA, Lim AM, Solomon BJ, Rischin D. Biology and Treatment Advances in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5645. [PMID: 34830796 PMCID: PMC8615870 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most common skin cancer diagnosed worldwide. CSCC is generally localized and managed with local therapies such as excision and/or radiotherapy. For patients with unresectable or metastatic disease, recent improvements in our understanding of the underlying biology have led to significant advancements in treatment approaches-including the use of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI)-which have resulted in substantial gains in response and survival compared to traditional cytotoxic approaches. However, there is a lack of understanding of the biology underpinning CSCC in immunocompromised patients, in whom the risk of developing CSCC is hundreds of times higher compared to immunocompetent patients. Furthermore, current ICI approaches are associated with significant risk of graft rejection in organ transplant recipients who make up a significant proportion of immunocompromised patients. Ongoing scientific and clinical research efforts are needed in order to maintain momentum to increase our understanding and refine our therapeutic approaches for patients with CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesha A. Thai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (A.M.L.); (B.J.S.); (D.R.)
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Annette M. Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (A.M.L.); (B.J.S.); (D.R.)
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Solomon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (A.M.L.); (B.J.S.); (D.R.)
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Danny Rischin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St., Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (A.M.L.); (B.J.S.); (D.R.)
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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Schaper-Gerhardt K, Hansel A, Walter A, Grimmelmann I, Gutzmer R. Sirolimus diminishes the expression of GRO-α (CXCL-1) /CXCR2 axis in human keratinocytes and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 104:30-38. [PMID: 34479772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organ transplant recipients show a high incidence for the formation of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), while sirolimus appears to reduce the risk. GRO-α is a chemokine, which is overexpressed in many tumor entities and associated with malignant transformation. However, little is known about the expression and function of GRO-α in human cSCC. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the relevance of the GRO-α (CXCL-1)/ CXCR2 axis in human cSCC and the potential impact of sirolimus. METHODS We analyzed the GRO-α expression in human keratinocytes, different cSCC cell lines as well as cSCC tissue and investigated its effect on cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, we incubated cells with sirolimus and measured the expression of GRO-α and its receptor CXCR2. RESULTS We showed that both constitutive as well as induced GRO-α expression is higher in in cSCC cell lines compared to keratinocytes and that GRO-α protein is detectable in human cSCC tissue. By GRO-α exposure and shRNA knock down, we identified GRO-α as a driving factor in proliferation and migration. Moreover, in a dermis equivalent GRO-α knocked down cSCC cell lines displayed a reduced capacity in tumor nest formation. Incubation with sirolimus significantly inhibited GRO-α expression in keratinocytes as well as tumor cell lines. Moreover, sirolimus decreased the expression of the corresponding receptor CXCR2. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results suggest that the GRO-α/CXCR2 axis plays a role in human keratinocyte carcinogenesis and might represent a molecular mechanism for the preventive effect of mTOR inhibitors in cSCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schaper-Gerhardt
- Skin Cancer Center Hannover, Departement of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Ruhr University Bochum, Campus Minden, Minden, Germany.
| | - Annika Hansel
- Skin Cancer Center Hannover, Departement of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antje Walter
- Skin Cancer Center Hannover, Departement of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Imke Grimmelmann
- Skin Cancer Center Hannover, Departement of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Skin Cancer Center Hannover, Departement of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Ruhr University Bochum, Campus Minden, Minden, Germany
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Kaplan N, Wang J, Wray B, Patel P, Yang W, Peng H, Lavker RM. Single-Cell RNA Transcriptome Helps Define the Limbal/Corneal Epithelial Stem/Early Transit Amplifying Cells and How Autophagy Affects This Population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:3570-3583. [PMID: 31419300 PMCID: PMC6701873 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to interrogate the relatively rare stem (SC) and early transit amplifying (TA) cell populations in limbal/corneal epithelia from wild-type and autophagy-compromised mice. Methods We conducted scRNA-seq on ocular anterior segmental tissue from wild-type and beclin 1–deficient (beclin1+/−) mice, using a 10X Gemomics pipeline. Cell populations were distinguished by t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding. Seurat analysis was conducted to compare gene expression profiles between these two groups of mice. Differential protein expression patterns were validated by immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting. Results Unbiased clustering detected 10 distinct populations: three clusters of mesenchymal and seven clusters of epithelial cells, based on their unique molecular signatures. A discrete group of mesenchymal cells expressed genes associated with corneal stromal SCs. We identified three limbal/corneal epithelial cell subpopulations designated as stem/early TA, mature TA, and differentiated corneal epithelial cells. Thioredoxin-interacting protein and PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) were identified as novel regulators of stem/early TA cell quiescence. PBK arrested corneal epithelial cells in G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Beclin1+/− mice displayed a decrease in proliferation-associated (Ki67, Lrig1) and stress-response (H2ax) genes. The most increased gene in beclin1+/− mice was transcription factor ATF3, which negatively regulates limbal epithelial cell proliferation. Conclusions Establishment of a comprehensive atlas of genes expressed by stromal and epithelial cells from limbus and cornea forms the foundation for unraveling regulatory networks among these distinct tissues. Similarly, scRNA-seq profiling of the anterior segmental epithelia from wild-type and autophagy-deficient mice provides new insights into how autophagy influences proliferation in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab of PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Brian Wray
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Priyam Patel
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Wending Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Han Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Robert M Lavker
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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