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Liang J, Chen Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Mu S, Zhang D, Wang Z, Zeng W. Exploring the association between rosacea and acne by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3065. [PMID: 38321132 PMCID: PMC10847114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinically, rosacea occurs frequently in acne patients, which hints the existence of shared signals. However, the connection between the pathophysiology of rosacea and acne are not yet fully understood. This study aims to unveil molecular mechanism in the pathogenesis of rosacea and acne. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by limma and weighted gene co-expression network analysis and screened hub genes by constructing a protein-protein interaction network. The hub genes were verified in different datasets. Then, we performed a correlation analysis between the hub genes and the pathways. Finally, we predicted and verified transcription factors of hub genes, performed the immune cell infiltration analysis using CIBERSORT, and calculated the correlation between hub genes and immune cells. A total of 169 common DEGs were identified, which were mainly enriched in immune-related pathways. Finally, hub genes were identified as IL1B, PTPRC, CXCL8, MMP9, CCL4, CXCL10, CD163, CCR5, CXCR4, and TLR8. 9 transcription factors that regulated the expression of hub genes were identified. The infiltration of γδT cells was significantly increased in rosacea and acne lesions and positively linked with almost all hub genes. These identified hub genes and immune cells may play a crucial role in the development of rosacea and acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchen Liang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shengzhi Mu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Dewu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Weihui Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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2
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Zheng M, Kim MH, Park SG, Kim WS, Oh SH, Sung JH. CXCL12 Neutralizing Antibody Promotes Hair Growth in Androgenic Alopecia and Alopecia Areata. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1705. [PMID: 38338982 PMCID: PMC10855715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We had previously investigated the expression and functional role of C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12 (CXCL12) during the hair cycle progression. CXCL12 was highly expressed in stromal cells such as dermal fibroblasts (DFs) and inhibition of CXCL12 increased hair growth. Therefore, we further investigated whether a CXCL12 neutralizing antibody (αCXCL12) is effective for androgenic alopecia (AGA) and alopecia areata (AA) and studied the underlying molecular mechanism for treating these diseases. In the AGA model, CXCL12 is highly expressed in DFs. Subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of αCXCL12 significantly induced hair growth in AGA mice, and treatment with αCXCL12 attenuated the androgen-induced hair damage in hair organ culture. Androgens increased the secretion of CXCL12 from DFs through the androgen receptor (AR). Secreted CXCL12 from DFs increased the expression of the AR and C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) in dermal papilla cells (DPCs), which induced hair loss in AGA. Likewise, CXCL12 expression is increased in AA mice, while s.c. injection of αCXCL12 significantly inhibited hair loss in AA mice and reduced the number of CD8+, MHC-I+, and MHC-II+ cells in the skin. In addition, injection of αCXCL12 also prevented the onset of AA and reduced the number of CD8+ cells. Interferon-γ (IFNγ) treatment increased the secretion of CXCL12 from DFs through the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway, and αCXCL12 treatment protected the hair follicle from IFNγ in hair organ culture. Collectively, these results indicate that CXCL12 is involved in the progression of AGA and AA and antibody therapy for CXCL12 is promising for hair loss treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zheng
- Epi Biotech Co., Ltd., Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea; (M.Z.); (M.-H.K.)
| | - Min-Ho Kim
- Epi Biotech Co., Ltd., Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea; (M.Z.); (M.-H.K.)
| | - Sang-Gyu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea;
| | - Won-Serk Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang-Ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- Epi Biotech Co., Ltd., Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea; (M.Z.); (M.-H.K.)
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3
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Pham JP, Wark KJL, Woods J, Frew JW. Resident cutaneous memory T cells: a clinical review of their role in chronic inflammatory dermatoses and potential as therapeutic targets. Br J Dermatol 2023; 189:656-663. [PMID: 37603832 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Resident memory T cells (T-RMs) remain in epithelial barrier tissues after antigen exposure and the initial effector phase. These T-RMs provide effective antimicrobial and anticancer immunity; however, pathogenic T-RMs have been shown to mediate various chronic inflammatory disorders in a variety of tissue types. In the skin, T-RMs are referred to as resident cutaneous memory T cells (cT-RMs). Understanding the mechanisms leading to the development and establishment of these cT-RMs populations may allow for targeted treatments that provide durable responses in chronic immune-mediated skin diseases, even after cessation. In this review, we summarize the evidence on cT-RMs as drivers of chronic inflammatory dermatoses, including psoriasis, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus and alopecia areata, among others. Data from in vitro, animal model and ex vivo human studies are presented, with a focus on the potential for cT-RMs to trigger acute disease flares, as well as recurrent disease, by establishing an immune 'memory' in the skin. Furthermore, the available data on the potential for existing and novel treatments to affect the development or survival of cT-RMs in the skin are synthesized. The data suggest a dynamic and rapidly growing area in the field of dermatology; however, we also discuss areas in need of greater research to allow for optimal treatment selection for long-term disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Pham
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- Laboratory of Translational Cutaneous Medicine, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirsty J L Wark
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Jane Woods
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - John W Frew
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- Laboratory of Translational Cutaneous Medicine, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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4
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Passeron T, King B, Seneschal J, Steinhoff M, Jabbari A, Ohyama M, Tobin DJ, Randhawa S, Winkler A, Telliez JB, Martin D, Lejeune A. Inhibition of T-cell activity in alopecia areata: recent developments and new directions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243556. [PMID: 38022501 PMCID: PMC10657858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease that has a complex underlying immunopathogenesis characterized by nonscarring hair loss ranging from small bald patches to complete loss of scalp, face, and/or body hair. Although the etiopathogenesis of AA has not yet been fully characterized, immune privilege collapse at the hair follicle (HF) followed by T-cell receptor recognition of exposed HF autoantigens by autoreactive cytotoxic CD8+ T cells is now understood to play a central role. Few treatment options are available, with the Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor baricitinib (2022) and the selective JAK3/tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (TEC) inhibitor ritlecitinib (2023) being the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved systemic medications thus far for severe AA. Several other treatments are used off-label with limited efficacy and/or suboptimal safety and tolerability. With an increased understanding of the T-cell-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory pathogenesis of AA, additional therapeutic pathways beyond JAK inhibition are currently under investigation for the development of AA therapies. This narrative review presents a detailed overview about the role of T cells and T-cell-signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of AA, with a focus on those pathways targeted by drugs in clinical development for the treatment of AA. A detailed summary of new drugs targeting these pathways with expert commentary on future directions for AA drug development and the importance of targeting multiple T-cell-signaling pathways is also provided in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Passeron
- University Côte d’Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, Department of Dermatology, Nice, France
- University Côte d’Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Brett King
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Julien Seneschal
- Department of Dermatology and Paediatric Dermatology, National Reference Centre for Rare Skin Diseases, Saint-André Hospital, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux University, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), ImmunoConcept, UMR5164, Bordeaux, France
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Jabbari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Manabu Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Desmond J. Tobin
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Tu W, Cao YW, Sun M, Liu Q, Zhao HG. mTOR signaling in hair follicle and hair diseases: recent progress. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1209439. [PMID: 37727765 PMCID: PMC10506410 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1209439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a major regulator of cell proliferation and metabolism, playing significant roles in proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and illness. More and more evidences showed that the mTOR signaling pathway affects hair follicle circulation and maintains the stability of hair follicle stem cells. mTOR signaling may be a critical cog in Vitamin D receptor (VDR) deficiency-mediated hair follicle damage and degeneration and related alopecia disorders. This review examines the function of mTOR signaling in hair follicles and hair diseases, and talks about the underlying molecular mechanisms that mTOR signaling regulates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Heng-Guang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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6
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Nicu C, Jackson J, Shahmalak A, Pople J, Ansell D, Paus R. Adiponectin negatively regulates pigmentation, Wnt/β-catenin and HGF/c-Met signalling within human scalp hair follicles ex vivo. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:603-612. [PMID: 34854998 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-021-02291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin reportedly stimulates proliferation and elongation of human scalp hair follicles (HFs) ex vivo. In the current study, we investigated how adiponectin oligomers produced by perifollicular dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT), a potent source of adiponectin isoforms, influence human HF proliferation and pigmentation. To do so, we treated microdissected, organ-cultured HFs in the presence or absence of dWAT with a recombinant human adiponectin oligomer mix, or inhibited dWAT-derived adiponectin using a neutralizing antibody. Multiplex qPCR (Fluidigm) revealed that adiponectin oligomers downregulated pigmentation genes KITLG, PMEL and TYRP1 and Wnt genes AXIN2, LEF1 and WNT10B. In situ hybridization showed that adiponectin downregulated AXIN2 and LEF1, and up-regulated DKK1 within the dermal papilla (DP), a highly unusual transcriptional profile for a putative hair growth-promoting agent. Adiponectin oligomers also downregulated protein expression of the HGF receptor c-Met within the matrix and DP. However, adiponectin did not alter hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation within 48 h ex vivo, irrespective of the presence/absence of dWAT; HF pigmentation (Masson-Fontana histochemistry, tyrosinase activity) was also unchanged. In contrast, neutralizing adiponectin isoforms within HF + dWAT increased proliferation, melanin content and tyrosinase activity but resulted in fewer melanocytes and melanocytic dendrites, as assessed by gp100 immunostaining. These seemingly contradictory effects suggest that adiponectin exerts complex effects upon human HF biology, likely in parallel with the pro-pigmentation effects of dWAT- and DP-derived HGF. Our data suggest that dWAT-derived ratios of adiponectin isoforms and the cleaved, globular version of adiponectin may in fact determine how adiponectin impacts upon follicular pigmentation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Nicu
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Jennifer Jackson
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Jenny Pople
- Unilever R&D Colworth, Colworth Science Park, Bedford, UK
| | - David Ansell
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
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7
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Laufer Britva R, Keren A, Bertolini M, Ullmann Y, Paus R, Gilhar A. Involvement of ILC1-like innate lymphocytes in human autoimmunity, lessons from alopecia areata. eLife 2023; 12:80768. [PMID: 36930216 PMCID: PMC10023162 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we have explored the involvement of innate lymphoid cells-type 1 (ILC1) in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA), because we found them to be significantly increased around lesional and non-lesional HFs of AA patients. To further explore these unexpected findings, we first co-cultured autologous circulating ILC1-like cells (ILC1lc) with healthy, but stressed, organ-cultured human scalp hair follicles (HFs). ILClc induced all hallmarks of AA ex vivo: they significantly promoted premature, apoptosis-driven HF regression (catagen), HF cytotoxicity/dystrophy, and most important for AA pathogenesis, the collapse of the HFs physiological immune privilege. NKG2D-blocking or IFNγ-neutralizing antibodies antagonized this. In vivo, intradermal injection of autologous activated, NKG2D+/IFNγ-secreting ILC1lc into healthy human scalp skin xenotransplanted onto SCID/beige mice sufficed to rapidly induce characteristic AA lesions. This provides the first evidence that ILC1lc, which are positive for the ILC1 phenotype and negative for the classical NK markers, suffice to induce AA in previously healthy human HFs ex vivo and in vivo, and further questions the conventional wisdom that AA is always an autoantigen-dependent, CD8 +T cell-driven autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimma Laufer Britva
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care CampusHaifaIsrael
| | - Aviad Keren
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | | | - Yehuda Ullmann
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rambam Medical CenterHaifaIsrael
| | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium LaboratoryMünsterGermany
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of MiamiMiamiUnited States
- CUTANEONHamburgGermany
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
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8
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Xu W, Wan S, Xie B, Song X. Novel potential therapeutic targets of alopecia areata. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1148359. [PMID: 37153617 PMCID: PMC10154608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring hair loss disorder caused by autoimmunity. The immune collapse of the hair follicle, where interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and CD8+ T cells accumulate, is a key factor in AA. However, the exact functional mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, AA treatment has poor efficacy maintenance and high relapse rate after drug withdrawal. Recent studies show that immune-related cells and molecules affect AA. These cells communicate through autocrine and paracrine signals. Various cytokines, chemokines and growth factors mediate this crosstalk. In addition, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), gut microbiota, hair follicle melanocytes, non-coding RNAs and specific regulatory factors have crucial roles in intercellular communication without a clear cause, suggesting potential new targets for AA therapy. This review discusses the latest research on the possible pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuzu Song,
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9
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Advancements in the characterization of tissue resident memory T cells in skin disease. Clin Immunol 2022; 245:109183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Gherardini J, Rivas KE, Chéret J, Strbo N, Paus R. Down-regulation of pathogenic MICA-NKG2D interactions as a novel strategy in alopecia areata management: a new rationale for adjunct statin therapy? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:e1013-e1015. [PMID: 35841295 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Gherardini
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - K E Rivas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Chéret
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - N Strbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - R Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.,CUTANEON, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Zheng M, Oh SH, Choi N, Choi YJ, Kim J, Sung JH. CXCL12 inhibits hair growth through CXCR4. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112996. [PMID: 35462338 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCL12 and its receptors, which are highly expressed in the skin, are associated with various cutaneous diseases, including androgenic alopecia. However, their expression and role during the hair cycle are unknown. This study aims to investigate the expression of CXCL12 and its receptor, CXCR4, in the vicinity of hair follicles and their effect on hair growth. CXCL12 was highly expressed in dermal fibroblasts (DFs) and its level was elevated throughout the catagen and telogen phases of the hair cycle. CXCR4 is expressed in the dermal papilla (DP) and outer root sheath (ORS). In hair organ culture, hair loss was induced by recombinant CXCL12 therapy, which delayed the telogen-to-anagen transition and decreased hair length. In contrast, the suppression of CXCL12 using a neutralizing antibody and siRNA triggered the telogen-to-anagen transition and increased hair length in hair organ culture. Neutralization of CXCR7, one of the two receptors for CXCL12, only slightly affected hair growth. However, inhibition of CXCR4, the other receptor for CXCL12, increased hair growth to a considerable extent. In addition, in hair organ culture, the conditioned medium from DFs with CXCL12 siRNA considerably increased the hair length and induced proliferation of DP and ORS cells. CXCL12, through CXCR4 activation, increased STAT3 and STAT5 phosphorylation in DP and ORS cells. In contrast, blocking CXCL12 and CXCR4 decreased the phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5. In summary, these findings suggest that CXCL12 inhibits hair growth via the CXCR4/STAT signaling pathway and that CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway inhibitors are a promising treatment option for hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zheng
- Epi Biotech Co., Ltd., Incheon 21983, South Korea
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Nahyun Choi
- Epi Biotech Co., Ltd., Incheon 21983, South Korea
| | | | - Jino Kim
- New Hair Institute, Seoul 06134, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- Epi Biotech Co., Ltd., Incheon 21983, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, South Korea.
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12
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Senna MM, Peterson E, Jozic I, Chéret J, Paus R. Frontiers in Lichen Planopilaris and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia Research: Pathobiology Progress and Translational Horizons. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 2:100113. [PMID: 35521043 PMCID: PMC9062486 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichen planopilaris (LPP) and frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) are primary, lymphocytic cicatricial hair loss disorders. These model epithelial stem cell (SC) diseases are thought to result from a CD8+ T-cell‒dominated immune attack on the hair follicle (HF) SC niche (bulge) after the latter has lost its immune privilege (IP) for as yet unknown reasons. This induces both apoptosis and pathological epithelial‒mesenchymal transition in epithelial SCs, thus depletes the bulge, causes fibrosis, and ultimately abrogates the HFs' capacity to regenerate. In this paper, we synthesize recent progress in LPP and FFA pathobiology research, integrate our limited current understanding of the roles that genetic, hormonal, environmental, and other factors may play, and define major open questions. We propose that LPP and FFA share a common initial pathobiology, which then bifurcates into two distinct clinical phenotypes, with macrophages possibly playing a key role in phenotype determination. As particularly promising translational research avenues toward direly needed progress in the management of these disfiguring, deeply distressful cicatricial alopecia variants, we advocate to focus on the development of bulge IP and epithelial SC protectants such as, for example, topically effective, HF‒penetrating and immunoinhibitory preparations that contain tacrolimus, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and/or CB1 agonists.
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Key Words
- 5ARI, 5α-reductase inhibitor
- AA, alopecia areata
- AGA, androgenetic alopecia
- CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone
- EMT, epithelial‒mesenchymal transition
- FFA, frontal fibrosing alopecia
- HF, hair follicle
- IP, immune privilege
- K, keratin
- KC, keratinocyte
- LPP, lichen planopilaris
- MAC, macrophage
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- PCA, primary cicatricial alopecia
- PCP, personal care product
- PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ
- SC, stem cell
- SP, substance P
- eHFSC, epithelial hair follicle stem cell
- α-MSH, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryanne Makredes Senna
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erik Peterson
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ivan Jozic
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.,CUTANEON, Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Connell SJ, Jabbari A. The current state of knowledge of the immune ecosystem in alopecia areata. Autoimmun Rev 2022; 21:103061. [PMID: 35151885 PMCID: PMC9018517 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease that affects approximately 2% of the general population. Patients with AA most commonly present with one or more patches of hair loss on the scalp in defined circular areas. A fraction of patients progress to more severe forms of the disease, in some cases with involvement of all body surfaces. The healthy anagen stage hair follicle is considered an immune privileged site, described as an environment that suppresses inflammatory immune responses. However, in AA, this immune privileged state collapses and marks the hair follicle as a target for the immune system, resulting in peri- and intrafollicular infiltration by lymphocytes. The complexity of the inflammatory ecosystem of the immune response to the hair follicle, and the relationships between the cellular and soluble participants, in AA remains incompletely understood. Many studies have demonstrated the presence of various immune cells around diseased hair follicles; however, often little is known about their respective contributions to AA pathogenesis. Furthering our understanding of the mechanisms of disease in AA is essential for the novel identification of targeted therapeutics that are efficacious and have few unintended effects.
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14
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Lintzeri DA, Constantinou A, Hillmann K, Ghoreschi K, Vogt A, Blume-Peytavi U. Alopecia areata – Aktuelles Verständnis und Management. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:59-93. [PMID: 35040563 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14689_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Aikaterini Lintzeri
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Andria Constantinou
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Kathrin Hillmann
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Annika Vogt
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
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15
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Lintzeri DA, Constantinou A, Hillmann K, Ghoreschi K, Vogt A, Blume-Peytavi U. Alopecia areata - Current understanding and management. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:59-90. [PMID: 35040577 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease characterized by acute or chronic non-scarring hair loss, with a heterogeneity in clinical manifestations ranging from patchy hair loss to complete scalp and body hair loss. An overview of the up-to-date pathophysiology and the underlying signaling pathways involved in AA together with diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations will be provided. Current treatments, including topical, systemic and injectable interventions show varying response and frequent relapses reflecting the unmet clinical need. Thus, the new emerging concepts and therapeutic approaches, including Janus kinase inhibitors are eagerly awaited. Traditional and emerging therapies of AA will be discussed, in order to provide physicians with guidance for AA management. Since the latter is so challenging and often tends to take a chronic course, it can have an enormous psychosocial burden on patients, compromising their quality of life and often causing depression and anxiety. Therefore, the psychosocial aspects of the disease need to be evaluated and addressed, in order to implement appropriate psychological support when needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Aikaterini Lintzeri
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andria Constantinou
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Hillmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Vogt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Uchida Y, Gherardini J, Pappelbaum K, Chéret J, Schulte-Mecklenbeck A, Gross CC, Strbo N, Gilhar A, Rossi A, Funk W, Kanekura T, Almeida L, Bertolini M, Paus R. Resident human dermal γδT-cells operate as stress-sentinels: Lessons from the hair follicle. J Autoimmun 2021; 124:102711. [PMID: 34479087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Murine γδT-cells have stress-surveillance functions and are implicated in autoimmunity. Yet, whether human γδT-cells are also stress sentinels and directly promote autoimmune responses in the skin is unknown. Using a novel (mini-)organ assay, we tested if human dermis resident γδT-cells can recognize stressed human scalp hair follicles (HFs) to promote an alopecia areata (AA)-like autoimmune response. Accordingly, we show that γδT-cells from healthy human scalp skin are activated (CD69+), up-regulate the expression of NKG2D and IFN-γ, and become cytotoxic when co-cultured with autologous stressed HFs ex vivo. These autologous γδT-cells induce HF immune privilege collapse, dystrophy, and premature catagen, i.e. three hallmarks of the human autoimmune HF disorder, AA. This is mediated by CXCL12, MICA, and in part by IFN-γ and CD1d. In conclusion, human dermal γδT-cells exert physiological stress-sentinel functions in human skin, where their excessive activity can promote autoimmunity towards stressed HFs that overexpress CD1d, CXCL12, and/or MICA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Uchida
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Jennifer Gherardini
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany; Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | | | - Jérémy Chéret
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Catharina C Gross
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Natasa Strbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alfredo Rossi
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, University ''La Sapienza'', Rome, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Funk
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dr. Dr. Med. Funk, Munich, Germany
| | - Takuro Kanekura
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | | | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany; Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, MAHSC, And Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.
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17
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Erratum: Systemic Characterization of Novel Immune Cell Phenotypes in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Front Immunol 2021; 12:722805. [PMID: 34249023 PMCID: PMC8262454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.722805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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18
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Garcia-Melendo C, Cubiró X, Puig L. Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Dermatology: Part 1 — General Considerations and Applications in Vitiligo and Alopecia Areata. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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19
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Inhibidores de JAK: usos en dermatología. Parte 1: generalidades, aplicaciones en vitíligo y en alopecia areata. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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20
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Liu H, Lin XX, Huang XB, Huang DH, Song S, Chen YJ, Tang J, Tao D, Yin ZN, Mor G, Liao AH. Systemic Characterization of Novel Immune Cell Phenotypes in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Front Immunol 2021; 12:657552. [PMID: 34122414 PMCID: PMC8195235 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.657552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a disturbing disease in women, and 50% of RPL is reported to be associated with immune dysfunction. Most previous studies of RPL focused mainly on the relationship between RPL and either T cells or natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood and the decidua; few studies presented the systemic profiles of the peripheral immune cell subsets in RPL women. Herein, we simultaneously detected 63 immune cell phenotypes in the peripheral blood from nonpregnant women (NPW), women with a history of normal pregnancy (NP) and women with a history of RPL (RPL) by multi-parameter flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that the percentages of naïve CD4+ T cells, central memory CD4+ T cells, naïve CD8+ T cells, mature NK cells, Vδ1+ T cells and the ratio of Vδ1+ T cells/Vδ2+ T cells were significantly higher in the RPL group than those in the NPW and NP groups, whereas the percentages of terminal differentiated CD4+ T cells, effective memory CD4+ T cells, immature NK cells and Vδ2+ T cells were significantly lower in the RPL group than those in the NPW and NP groups. Interestingly, we found that peripheral T helper (TPH) cells were more abundant in the NPW group than in the NP and RPL groups. In addition, we also determined the 5th percentile lower limit and 95th percentile upper limit of the significantly changed immunological parameters based on the files of the NPW group. Taken together, this is the first study to simultaneously characterize the multiple immune cell subsets in the peripheral blood at a relatively large scale in RPL, which might provide a global readout of the immune status for clinicians to identify clinically-relevant immune disorders and guide them to make clear and individualized advice and treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Xiu Lin
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong-Hui Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Su Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang-Jiao Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Ding Tao
- School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Nan Yin
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gil Mor
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ai-Hua Liao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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