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Boateng E, Bonilla-Martinez R, Ahlemeyer B, Garikapati V, Alam MR, Trompak O, Oruqaj G, El-Merhie N, Seimetz M, Ruppert C, Günther A, Spengler B, Karnati S, Baumgart-Vogt E. It takes two peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ) to tango idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2024; 25:345. [PMID: 39313791 PMCID: PMC11421181 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02935-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by aberrant lung epithelial phenotypes, fibroblast activation, and increased extracellular matrix deposition. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)1-induced Smad signaling and downregulation of peroxisomal genes are involved in the pathogenesis and can be inhibited by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α activation. However, the three PPARs, that is PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ, and PPAR-γ, are known to interact in a complex crosstalk. METHODS To mimic the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis, primary lung fibroblasts from control and IPF patients with comparable levels of all three PPARs were treated with TGF-β1 for 24 h, followed by the addition of PPAR ligands either alone or in combination for another 24 h. Fibrosis markers (intra- and extracellular collagen levels, expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases) and peroxisomal biogenesis and metabolism (gene expression of peroxisomal biogenesis and matrix proteins, protein levels of PEX13 and catalase, targeted and untargeted lipidomic profiles) were analyzed after TGF-β1 treatment and the effects of the PPAR ligands were investigated. RESULTS TGF-β1 induced the expected phenotype; e.g. it increased the intra- and extracellular collagen levels and decreased peroxisomal biogenesis and metabolism. Agonists of different PPARs reversed TGF-β1-induced fibrosis even when given 24 h after TGF-β1. The effects included the reversals of (1) the increase in collagen production by repressing COL1A2 promoter activity (through PPAR-β/δ activation); (2) the reduced activity of matrix metalloproteinases (through PPAR-β/δ activation); (3) the decrease in peroxisomal biogenesis and lipid metabolism (through PPAR-γ activation); and (4) the decrease in catalase protein levels in control (through PPAR-γ activation) and IPF (through a combined activation of PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ) fibroblasts. Further experiments to explore the role of catalase showed that an overexpression of catalase protein reduced collagen production. Additionally, the beneficial effect of PPAR-γ but not of PPAR-β/δ activation on collagen synthesis depended on catalase activity and was thus redox-sensitive. CONCLUSION Our data provide evidence that IPF patients may benefit from a combined activation of PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eistine Boateng
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Rocio Bonilla-Martinez
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Barbara Ahlemeyer
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vannuruswamy Garikapati
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mohammad Rashedul Alam
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Omelyan Trompak
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, Eberhard Karls University, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gani Oruqaj
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Natalia El-Merhie
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Seimetz
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- UGMLC Giessen Biobank, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius Maximilians University, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eveline Baumgart-Vogt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Wang S, Bai H, Liu T, Yang J, Wang Z. Optimization of concentrations of different n-3PUFAs on antioxidant capacity in mouse hepatocytes. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:214. [PMID: 38982376 PMCID: PMC11232338 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), mainly including α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), possess antioxidant properties and play a crucial role in growth and development. However, the combined effects of ALA, EPA, and DHA at different concentrations have rarely been reported. This work explored the effects of EPA, ALA, and DHA on the viability and antioxidant capacity of mouse hepatocytes, with the objective of enhancing the antioxidant capacity. Within the appropriate concentration range, cell viability and the activity of glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were increased, while the oxidation products of malondialdehyde and the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species were obviously reduced. Thus, oxidative stress was relieved, and cellular antioxidant levels were improved. Finally, response surface optimization was carried out for EPA, ALA, and DHA, and the model was established. The antioxidant capacity of the cells was highest at EPA, ALA, and DHA concentrations of 145.46, 405.05, and 551.52 µM, respectively. These findings lay the foundation for further exploration of the interactive mechanisms of n-3 PUFAs in the body, as well as their applications in nutraceutical food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Wang
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, 241200, China
| | - Huasong Bai
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, 241200, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, 241200, China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhanzhong Wang
- Nourse Science Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, 241200, China.
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Muzio G, Barrera G, Pizzimenti S. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Oxidative Stress in Physiological Conditions and in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111734. [PMID: 34829605 PMCID: PMC8614822 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Originally described as “orphan nuclear receptors”, they can bind both natural and synthetic ligands acting as agonists or antagonists. In humans three subtypes, PPARα, β/δ, γ, are encoded by different genes, show tissue-specific expression patterns, and contribute to the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms, of different cell functions, including proliferation, death, differentiation, and of processes, as inflammation, angiogenesis, immune response. The PPAR ability in increasing the expression of various antioxidant genes and decreasing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators, makes them be considered among the most important regulators of the cellular response to oxidative stress conditions. Based on the multiplicity of physiological effects, PPAR involvement in cancer development and progression has attracted great scientific interest with the aim to describe changes occurring in their expression in cancer cells, and to investigate the correlation with some characteristics of cancer phenotype, including increased proliferation, decreased susceptibility to apoptosis, malignancy degree and onset of resistance to anticancer drugs. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of PPARs in physiological conditions, and on the reported beneficial effects of PPAR activation in cancer.
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