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Whitmore C, Mytkolli L, Mangialardi N, Maghera J, Rudick A, Shephard K, Zazzera S, Saiva A, McQuire T, Senior P, Sherifali D, Selby P. Partnered Recruitment: Engaging Individuals With Lived Experience in the Recruitment of Co-Design Participants. Health Expect 2024; 27:e14131. [PMID: 38965808 PMCID: PMC11224126 DOI: 10.1111/hex.14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face complex health challenges, including a heightened risk for distress. To counter this distress, there is a need to develop accessible, acceptable comprehensive care solutions that integrate diabetes and mental health care to enhance self-efficacy and counter mental health challenges in this population. OBJECTIVE To describe the engagement of individuals with lived experience of T1D and mental health challenges in the development of a recruitment strategy to support the co-design of an innovative integrated care programme. RESULTS Seven individuals with lived experience formed a Partner Advisory Council (PAC) to recruit young adults (18-29 years old) living with T1D, their friends or family and health researchers and professionals in co-design interviews (n = 19) and co-design events (n = 12). The PAC played a key role in developing a comprehensive recruitment strategy, overcoming traditional barriers and stigmas in the design of an integrated model of care. CONCLUSION Assuming the presence of mental health challenges in young adults living with T1D during recruitment had far-reaching impacts on the development of a whole-person and integrated diabetes and mental health care solution. The efficient recruitment of this sample provided invaluable insights into the nuanced challenges experienced by young adults with T1D, the individual skills developed in response to their mental health challenges and the ways that this understanding can shape future programming to support mental health, quality of life and well-being. The ongoing involvement of the PAC as co-researchers underscores the enduring impact of patient engagement in developing integrated care solutions. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION The co-design of the TECC-T1D3 model was enriched by the invaluable contributions of individuals with lived experience. This included the engagement of a diverse PAC in the recruitment of participants in co-design interviews and co-design events. PAC members actively participated in research decision-making with their insights informing a robust recruitment strategy. Beyond recruitment, PAC members continue to serve as co-researchers, shaping ongoing research and actively contributing to the TECC-T1D3 project. Six PAC members are co-authors on this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Whitmore
- School of NursingMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- INTREPID LabCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Natalie Mangialardi
- INTREPID LabCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
- Diabetes Action CanadaTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Jasmine Maghera
- Diabetes Action CanadaTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | | | | | | | - Anika Saiva
- INTREPID LabCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Peter Senior
- Faculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of Alberta, EdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Diana Sherifali
- School of NursingMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- INTREPID LabCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Peter Selby
- INTREPID LabCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Family and Community MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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Fayyaz F, Mardi P, Sobhani S, Sokoty L, Aghamahdi F, Qorbani M. Association of quality of life with medication adherence and glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:783-788. [PMID: 38932841 PMCID: PMC11196443 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01351-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and objectives Psychological factors and patients' health-related quality of life (HRQOL) affect the outcome of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In this study, we aimed to determine the HRQOL status in patients with T1DM and its association with glycemic control and medication adherence. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 227 T1DM patients were selected from the diabetes clinic, Imam Ali Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, and the Gabric database registry from 2020 to 2022. Demographic and diabetes characteristic checklist, medication adherence questionnaire (8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS)), and QOL questionnaires (Short-Form-12 and PedsQL) were filled. Independent sample T-test was used to assess mean of QOL subscales with glycemic control and medication adherence. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between glycemic control and medication adherence with QOl. Results Overall QOL scores in adults and children were 33.4 ± 7.1 based on Short-Form-12 and 76.2 ± 17.8 based on PedsQL, respectively. It was demonstrated that adults with Moderate/High adherence had higher QOL (p-value = 0.007). Likewise, Children with good glycemic control had higher psychosocial health scores (0.048). Logistic regression analysis did not reveal a significant association between adherence and QOL or Glycemic control and QOL in both adjusted and crude models. Conclusion Better glycemic control and medication adherence in children and adults, respectively, are related to the psychological aspects of QOL. We suggest that emotional intelligence, which is replaced by other predictors during adulthood, may contribute to glycemic control in children in the early years following diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farimah Fayyaz
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parham Mardi
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sahar Sobhani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Leily Sokoty
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aghamahdi
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Merlo EM, Tutino R, Myles LAM, Lia MC, Minasi D. Alexithymia, intolerance to uncertainty and mental health difficulties in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:99. [PMID: 38755698 PMCID: PMC11100042 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) represents a serious chronic condition affecting a wide number of people. Discussion of the physical issues associated with T1DM pervades the literature, however, there is less discussion of the psychological consequences. Mental health difficulties, alexithymia and uncertainty are present in this population, and known to be harmful for the onset, maintenance and worsening of T1DM. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of these phenomena in people with T1DM. METHODS 105 participants aged between 11 and 17 years old (M: 13.88; SD: 2.16) affected by T1DM were included in the sample. To assess the presence of mental health difficulties, SAFA scales (Depression, Anxiety and Somatic symptoms) were included in the protocol together with TAS-20 and IUS-12, which evaluate the presence and role of alexithymia and intolerance to uncertainty in the sample, respectively. RESULTS A concerning presence of anxiety, depression and somatic symptoms was found in the sample. Mental health difficulties appeared to be consistently present in the sample, often overcoming pathological thesholds. Alexithymia and uncertainty were also common, highlighting their role in T1DM. CONCLUSIONS Active mental health difficulties together with high rates of alexithymia and intolerance to uncertainty were prevalent in the sample of adolescents with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Maria Merlo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Rita Tutino
- Pediatric Unit of Ospedali Riuniti Presidium, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | | | - Maria Carmela Lia
- Pediatric Unit of Ospedali Riuniti Presidium, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Domenico Minasi
- Pediatric Unit of Ospedali Riuniti Presidium, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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AlOzairi A, Irshad M, AlKandari J, AlSaraf H, Al-Ozairi E. Prevalence and predictors of diabetes distress and depression in people with type 1 diabetes. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1367876. [PMID: 38585475 PMCID: PMC10995252 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1367876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background People living with diabetes often encounter psychosocial challenges, including diabetes distress and depression. Despite this, little research has focused on the co-occurrence of these conditions. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of depressive symptoms and diabetes distress in people with type 1 diabetes in Kuwait and to identify clinical and demographic factors associated with these conditions. Methods A total of 832 people with type 1 diabetes (females: 54.1%, mean age: 29 ± 8.5 years), were invited to participate in Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating (DAFNE) course. Diabetes distress was measured using the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale and depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Depressive symptoms were defined as PHQ-9 scores ≥10. Data on biomedical outcomes, lifestyle factors, and sociodemographic information were collected. Results The prevalence rates of diabetes distress and depressive symptoms were 27.8% and 38.3%, respectively. Notably, 19.6% of people experienced both conditions. In the regression analysis, PAID scale and PHQ-9 scores were significantly associated, patients with higher score on depressive symptoms scale were more likely to suffer diabetes distress (B= 2.65, p < 0.001). Female sex (odds ratio [OR]= 2.2, 95% CI= 1.5, 3.2), higher hemoglobin A1c levels (OR= 1.6, 95% CI= 1.0, 2.5), obesity (OR= 1.7, 95% CI= 1.1, 2.8), inactivity (OR= 2.4, 95% CI= 1.6, 3.6), microvascular complications (OR= 2.8, 95% CI= 1.5, 5.4), and lipohypertrophy (OR= 1.7, 95% CI= 1.1, 2.5) were associated with greater odds for the co-occurrence of diabetes distress and depressive symptoms (p< 0.05 for all). Conclusion The majority of people with type 1 diabetes in Kuwait experience both diabetes distress and depressive symptoms. The strong correlation between diabetes distress and depressive symptoms suggests mutual predictability. The co-occurrence of both symptoms is associated with many sociodemographic and clinical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah AlOzairi
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Jumana AlKandari
- Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- DAFNE Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Husain AlSaraf
- Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- DAFNE Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ebaa Al-Ozairi
- DAFNE Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Due-Christensen M, Bruun LD, Joensen LE, Norgaard O, Andersen TH. Psychosocial aspects and perspectives of adult-onset type 1 diabetes: A systematic scoping review. Diabet Med 2023; 40:e15073. [PMID: 36807612 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM To map existing research on psychosocial aspects of adult-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D), including psychosocial health status, ways psychosocial aspects may affect management of T1D in everyday life, and interventions targeting management of adult-onset T1D. METHODS We conducted a systematic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycInfo. Search results were screened with predefined eligibility criteria, followed by data extraction of the included studies. Charted data were summarized in narrative and tabular form. RESULTS We included 10 reports describing nine studies from the 7302 identified in the search. All studies were conducted in Europe. Participant characteristics were missing in several studies. Five of the nine studies incorporated psychosocial aspects as the main aim of the study. Limited information on psychosocial aspects was available in the remaining studies. We identified three overarching themes related to psychosocial aspects: (1) the impact of the diagnosis on everyday life, (2) the influence of psychosocial health on metabolic levels and adaptation, and (3) provision of self-management support. CONCLUSIONS Research focussing on psychosocial aspects of the adult-onset population is scarce. Future research should involve participants across the adult life age span and from a wider geographical area. Sociodemographic information should be collected to explore different perspectives. Further exploration of suitable outcome measures considering adults' limited experience of living with the condition is needed. This would help to better understand how psychosocial aspects may affect management of T1D in everyday life and thus enable healthcare professionals to provide appropriate support to adults with new-onset T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Due-Christensen
- Department of Health Promotion, Copenhagen University Hospital-Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L D Bruun
- Danish Diabetes Knowledge Center, Department of Education, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - L E Joensen
- Department of Health Promotion, Copenhagen University Hospital-Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - O Norgaard
- Danish Diabetes Knowledge Center, Department of Education, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - T H Andersen
- Danish Diabetes Knowledge Center, Department of Education, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Khawaja KI, Shabbir S, Afzal Z. Diabetes Distress Among Type 1 Diabetic Adolescents in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan. Cureus 2022; 14:e32392. [PMID: 36636548 PMCID: PMC9830647 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Diabetes distress, a term used to describe negative emotions associated with diabetes, is the key factor responsible for the elevated risk of psychological burden and compromised self-management. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of diabetes-related distress among adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to ascertain various factors associated with it. METHODOLOGY In this cross-sectional study, 117 T1D patients with age 12-20 years visiting a diabetic clinic in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Services Hospital Lahore from February 2022 to August 2022 were enrolled. The patient's demographic and clinical details were noted in a pre-designed proforma. T1D distress scale (T1DDS) was utilized as the tool for measuring diabetes distress and distress was classified as severe, moderate, and no/little distress. RESULTS Of the total 117 T1D patients, 34.2% (n=40) had diabetes-related distress, out of which 31.6% had moderate and 2.6% had severe distress. The average total distress score was 1.73 ± 0.52 and higher mean scores were of powerlessness, negative social perception, and eating distress. Distress was higher among females, in those with the onset of diabetes in teens rather than in childhood. There is a significant impact of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) on the severity of diabetes distress as demonstrated by Pearson's correlation (r=.570, n= 117, p = <.001) Conclusion: The present study highlights the association of diabetes distress in adolescents with various factors, most significantly poor glycemic control, and therefore emphasizes the need for developing psychological interventional strategies in routine diabetes care to improve the mental well-being and self-management of diabetic patients.
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Masharani U, Strycker LA, Fisher L. The ubiquity of diabetes distress among adults with type 1 diabetes in an urban, academic practice: A template for intervention. Diabet Med 2022; 39:e14832. [PMID: 35322466 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to assess the patterns of diabetes distress within an urban, technology-oriented academic clinical practice to inform staff training and intervention. METHODS Adults with type 1 diabetes completed the Type 1 Diabetes Distress Scale at their regular clinic visit. Descriptive statistics were generated to document the prevalence of diabetes distress overall, and from seven primary sources of distress: powerlessness, disease management, hypoglycaemia, negative social perceptions, eating, physician and family/friends. Additional analyses explored relations between diabetes distress, demographic characteristics and disease status. RESULTS The prevalence of elevated diabetes distress was 30% overall, with 88% of the sample reporting elevated distress from at least one primary source. Women reported more elevated distress overall, and from the primary sources. There was an inverse relationship between diabetes duration with total diabetes distress (r = -0.19) and with the powerlessness subscale (r = -0.28). Also, those without micro- and/or macrovascular complications more frequently reported elevated distress from powerlessness (85%) compared to those having complications (61%). Use of technology (continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pumps) was not significantly related to diabetes distress. Diabetes distress was positively correlated with HbA1c. About 22% of individuals with HbA1c <53 mmol/mol (<7%) had elevated total distress. About a third of the sample (34%-39%) reported elevated distress from powerlessness, hypoglycaemia, negative social perceptions, eating, or family/friends. CONCLUSIONS It is critical to understand clinic-specific patterns of diabetes distress in order to customise staff training and intervention programmes, and thereby reduce distress among unique populations of adults with type 1 diabetes in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Masharani
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Lawrence Fisher
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Kelly CS, Berg CA, Lee Tracy E, Staylor K, Thomas A, Helgeson VS. Daily experiences of type 1 diabetes stress across adulthood. Diabet Med 2022; 39:e14628. [PMID: 34152650 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Daily diabetes stressful events take a toll on individuals with type 1 diabetes, and these experiences may look different across adulthood. The aims of the current study were to understand the nature of daily diabetes stress across adulthood and explore whether these experiences differed by age. METHODS In this qualitative study, adults with T1D (N = 199, Mage = 46.81 years) described the most stressful event related to their diabetes each evening as part of a 14-day diary. Using a grounded theory approach, diabetes stressful events were coded for where they occurred, the source of stress (i.e. interpersonal or not), and content (e.g. sleep; blood glucose checking; frustration). RESULTS Participants reported having a diabetes-related stressful event on 58% (M = 0.58, SD = (0.25)) of days. Daily stressful events included issues of diabetes management, diabetes-related interference to or from other areas of life, and negative impact on psychological well-being, but rarely included a social component. Older adults were less likely to report having a diabetes-related stressful event, but were more likely to report that stressful events occurred at home, compared to younger adults. CONCLUSION The lived experience of diabetes-related stress appears similar across ages, with individuals continuing to experience generally the same types of diabetes-related events in similar frequencies. Interventions to help improve diabetes outcomes or well-being may benefit from targeting the most commonly experienced areas of stress, which includes reducing the interference of daily activities to and by diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin S Kelly
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Cynthia A Berg
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Eunjin Lee Tracy
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Staylor
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amanda Thomas
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Vicki S Helgeson
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Lohiya NN, Kajale NA, Lohiya NN, Khadilkar VV, Gondhalekar K, Khadilkar A. Diabetes distress in Indian children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their mothers. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:209-216. [PMID: 33180040 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and their mothers, who are usually the primary caregivers, are likely to be distressed due to type 1 diabetes (T1DM). OBJECTIVES (1) To assess diabetes-specific distress (DD) perceived by children and adolescents with T1DM and their mothers and association of distress between children and mothers. (2) To study the association of diabetes distress with glycemic control and disease duration. SUBJECTS Children and adolescents with T1DM over eight years and their mothers. METHODS Clinical data were recorded. DD was assessed by Problem Associated in Diabetes-Pediatric (PAID-Peds) (range 0-80) and Problem Associated in Diabetes-Parents Revised (PAID-PR) (range 0-72) questionnaires (higher scores indicate higher distress); administered to children and mothers, respectively. Sub-dimensions in questionnaires included diabetes-related emotional problems, and treatment-, food-, and social support-related problems. Correlation analysis (Spearman's) was performed, and a paired t-test was used to compare PAID-Peds and PAID-PR (SPSS 25). RESULTS Mean PAID-Peds and PAID-PR scores in 67 children and mothers were 24.4 ± 18.1 and 31.9 ± 21.5, respectively (p=0.009), and a significant correlation was noted between their scores (R=0.45, p=0.001). PAID-Peds score was positively associated with HbA1c (R=0.25, p=0.04). Diabetes-related emotional problems of mothers and children (R=0.38, p=0.003), treatment problems (R=0.5, p=0.001), and food problems (R=0.24, p=0.05) correlated positively. Subdimension scores were significantly different in children and mothers except in the social support domain. CONCLUSION DD was higher in mothers than children; higher distress in children was associated with poor metabolic control. Evaluation of DD needs to be performed in children with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirali N Lohiya
- Developmental and Behavioural Pediatrics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha A Kajale
- Growth and Pediatric Endocrine, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikhil N Lohiya
- Growth and Pediatric Endocrine, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaman V Khadilkar
- Growth and Pediatric Endocrine, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ketan Gondhalekar
- Growth and Pediatric Endocrine, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anuradha Khadilkar
- Growth and Pediatric Endocrine, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Priya G, Bajaj S, Grewal E, Maisnam I, Chandrasekharan S, Selvan C. Challenges in Women with Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic. EUROPEAN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2020; 16:100-108. [PMID: 33117440 PMCID: PMC7572165 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2020.16.2.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created significant challenges for healthcare systems across the world. The disease seems to infect men and women in equal numbers, though trends suggest that men have greater morbidity. This has been attributed to differences in immunological response, expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), prevalence of comorbidities, and health-related behaviours, such as smoking. However, this cannot be taken to mean that women are somehow protected. Advanced age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have emerged as the leading contributors to increased morbidity and mortality from the disease. Women with diabetes form a vulnerable group as they often receive suboptimal diabetes care and support, even though they have a high burden of comorbidities and complications. While there are challenges in healthcare delivery during the pandemic, cardiometabolic care cannot be compromised, which calls for exploring new avenues of healthcare delivery, such as telemedicine. Pregnant women with diabetes should continue to receive quality care for optimal outcomes, and the psychological health of women also needs special consideration. The management of hyperglycaemia during COVID-19 infection is important to reduce morbidity and mortality from the infection. The gendered impact of outbreaks and quarantine goes beyond biomedical and psychological aspects, and the socioeconomic impact of the pandemic is likely to affect the long-term care of women with diabetes, which creates an urgent need to create effective policies and interventions to promote optimal care in this vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Priya
- Department of Endocrinology, Fortis and Ivy Hospitals, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sarita Bajaj
- Department of Medicine, Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Emmy Grewal
- Department of Endocrinology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Indira Maisnam
- Department of Endocrinology, R G Kar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Chitra Selvan
- Department of Endocrinology, Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Umeda E, Shimizu Y, Kawai N. Difficulties in daily life and the association with self-care ability in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Japan: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Open 2020; 7:943-950. [PMID: 32587712 PMCID: PMC7308687 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To identify the unique contents of difficulties experienced in daily life among adult type 1 diabetes mellitus patients and to determine how basic characteristics and diabetic-related self-care agency are associated with difficulties in daily life. Methods This study used two surveys: "Difficulties in Daily Life," which was a questionnaire developed for this survey and "Instrument of Diabetes Self-Care Agency." These two measures were then used with demographic information for cross-sectional analysis. Result The final sample included 321 type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. Difficulties in daily life were composed of four factors: "Difficulties in diseases disclosure," "Difficulties accommodating diabetes into daily life," "Difficulties in employment or continuing education" and "Lack of knowledge of diabetes." The instrument of Diabetes Self-Care Agency was found to be associated with all four factors of difficulties in daily life. In addition, sex and diabetes duration were shown to be important predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Umeda
- Division of Health ScienceOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Yasuko Shimizu
- Division of Health ScienceOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Nobuko Kawai
- Division of Health ScienceOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
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12
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Evans MA, Weil LEG, Shapiro JB, Anderson LM, Vesco AT, Rychlik K, Hilliard ME, Antisdel J, Weissberg-Benchell J. Psychometric Properties of the Parent and Child Problem Areas in Diabetes Measures. J Pediatr Psychol 2020; 44:703-713. [PMID: 30920628 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with type 1 diabetes and their parents face daily self-care demands, leading to diabetes-specific emotional distress. A standardized measure of diabetes distress can guide clinical care and prevent negative outcomes. METHODS This study evaluated the psychometric properties of child- and parent-report measures of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale, adapted for children ages 8-12 (PAID-C) and their parents (P-PAID-C). Participants were from 42 diabetes camps in the United States. Children (N = 804; mean age = 10.3 ± 1.1) and parents (N = 968) completed measures of diabetes distress, diabetes-related strengths, and self-care skills. Half of the sample was used for exploratory factor analyses (EFA) with direct oblimin rotation and the other half for confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs). RESULTS For the PAID-C, EFA and CFAs supported an 11-item two-factor measure, Cronbach's α = .91, accounting for 54.6% of the variance. For the P-PAID-C, analyses resulted in a 16-item measure, Cronbach's α = .92, accounting for 51.9% of the variance. PAID-C and P-PAID-C scores were positively correlated with HbA1c (rchild = .08, p = .04; rparent = .18, p < .001), and negatively correlated with diabetes-related strengths (rchild = -.38, p < .001, rparent = -.29, p < .001) and parent report of child self-care skills (rparent = -.13, p < .001; rchild = -0.07, p = ns). CONCLUSIONS Initial psychometrics suggest that the PAID-C and P-PAID-C reliably and validly capture diabetes-specific emotional distress for children and their parents. Associations with glycemic control, self-care, and diabetes strengths demonstrate criterion validity. Both measures have potential applications for routine, clinic-based assessments of diabetes distress and may guide clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredyth A Evans
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
| | - Lindsey E G Weil
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | | | - Lindsay M Anderson
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
| | - Anthony T Vesco
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
| | - Karen Rychlik
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
| | - Marisa E Hilliard
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital
| | - Jeanne Antisdel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
| | - Jill Weissberg-Benchell
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
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13
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Wentzell K, Vessey JA, Laffel LMB. How Do the Challenges of Emerging Adulthood Inform our Understanding of Diabetes Distress? An Integrative Review. Curr Diab Rep 2020; 20:21. [PMID: 32323022 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-020-01301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Emerging adulthood (ages 18-29) presents many emotional, social, and developmental challenges that can contribute to an increased sense of burden when managing type 1 diabetes (T1D). Diabetes distress (DD) is the concept that captures the emotional burden, frustrations, and worries resulting from living with T1D. This integrative review sets out to examine the impact of developmental context by answering this question: How do the challenges of emerging adulthood inform our understanding of DD? RECENT FINDINGS DD is highly prevalent in emerging adults and occurs at higher rates than in other age groups. Qualitative studies reveal that DD is embedded within the developmental challenges specific to living with T1D during this stage. Quantitative studies reveal the prevalence and correlates of DD in this age group, and qualitative studies augment these findings by capturing the scope and complexity of the emotional burden of living with T1D as an emerging adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Wentzell
- William F Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Boston, MA, USA.
- Pediatric, Adolescent & Young Adult Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Judith A Vessey
- William F Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lori M B Laffel
- Pediatric, Adolescent & Young Adult Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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14
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Shapiro JB, Vesco AT, Weil LEG, Evans MA, Hood KK, Weissberg-Benchell J. Psychometric Properties of the Problem Areas in Diabetes: Teen and Parent of Teen Versions. J Pediatr Psychol 2019; 43:561-571. [PMID: 29267939 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsx146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study adds to the literature on the psychometric properties of the Problem Areas in Diabetes-Teen (PAID-T) and Parent (P-PAID-T) Versions. It also aims to shorten the measures of diabetes-specific distress, determine construct validity, and establish cutoff scores. Methods Data are from two independent studies (N = 1,265). Adolescent-caregiver dyads completed measures of emotional distress, diabetes strengths, hemoglobin A1c, blood glucose checks, and average blood glucose. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses assessed factor structures for each measure. Correlational analyses provided support for concurrent validity. Receiver-operating characteristic curves identified cutoff scores based on clinically meaningful groups identified with latent profile analysis. Results Analyses supported a 14-item PAID-T and a 15-item P-PAID-T, with preliminary cutoff scores ≥44 and ≥54, respectively. Measures were associated with emotional and health outcomes as hypothesized. Conclusions The PAID-T and P-PAID-T are valid, reliable, and useful measures of diabetes-specific distress for teenagers with type 1 diabetes and parents of teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony T Vesco
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
| | | | - Meredyth A Evans
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and
| | | | - Jill Weissberg-Benchell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and
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15
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Stahl-Pehe A, Glaubitz L, Bächle C, Lange K, Castillo K, Tönnies T, Yossa R, Holl RW, Rosenbauer J. Diabetes distress in young adults with early-onset Type 1 diabetes and its prospective relationship with HbA 1c and health status. Diabet Med 2019; 36:836-846. [PMID: 30761589 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to determine cross-sectional relationships between diabetes distress and health-related variables, and prospective associations between diabetes distress and future glycaemic control (HbA1c ) and health status among young adults with early-onset Type 1 diabetes. METHODS Data were collected from a nationwide cohort study of adults whose Type 1 diabetes onset occurred from 0 to 4 years of age during 1993-2002. Questionnaire surveys were conducted in 2012-2013 and 2015-2016 (N = 584). Diabetes distress was assessed via the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale (0-100 points), depressive symptoms via the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and health status via the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression analyses were applied to cross-sectional and longitudinal data. RESULTS In the cross-sectional analyses, higher PAID scale total scores (representing higher distress levels) were observed in women than in men and in participants with more severe depressive symptoms. PAID scores were lower in individuals with better physical and mental health. A 1 mmol/mol increase in HbA1c was associated with a 0.28-point increase [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.20, 0.36] in diabetes distress. In longitudinal analyses adjusting for age, sex, socio-economic index and HbA1c at baseline, a 10-point higher PAID score at baseline was associated with a 1.82 mmol/mol higher HbA1c level (95% CI 0.43, 3.20) and a 2.48-point lower SF-12 mental health score (95% CI -3.55, -1.42) three years later. CONCLUSIONS The cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses results suggest that diabetes distress impairs health-related outcomes in young adults with early-onset diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stahl-Pehe
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - L Glaubitz
- Department of Statistics in Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - C Bächle
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - K Lange
- Medical Psychology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - K Castillo
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - T Tönnies
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - R Yossa
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - R W Holl
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - J Rosenbauer
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
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16
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Due-Christensen M, Willaing I, Ismail K, Forbes A. Learning about Type 1 diabetes and learning to live with it when diagnosed in adulthood: two distinct but inter-related psychological processes of adaptation A qualitative longitudinal study. Diabet Med 2019; 36:742-752. [PMID: 30329176 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the experiences of adults with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes in order to understand the adaptive processes that occur in the early phase of the condition. METHODS We conducted longitudinal semi-structured interviews with 30 adults newly diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes (age range 20-67 years; 16 men; median diabetes duration 23.5 months), recruited from hospitals in Denmark and the UK. The data were analysed using a narrative approach. RESULTS The narratives could be grouped into three thematic areas: the diagnosis; learning about diabetes; and learning to live with diabetes. Diabetes was characterized as a major disruptor to the established and future life plans of participants, causing significant emotional distress. The narratives showed how early experiences triggered the development of ongoing psychological problems (fear of complications or hypoglycaemia) and diabetes distress, and that navigating different social scenarios (relationships and employment) could be challenging, leading to suboptimal self-management behaviours. The narratives also showed that health professionals often did not attend effectively to participants' emotional needs after diagnosis, and that the language used frequently triggered negative feelings, such as fear or a sense of failure. CONCLUSIONS Many of the common psychosocial problems associated with Type 1 diabetes seem to gestate in the early phase of life with the condition. There appear to be opportunities to enhance the support provided in this phase to minimize these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Due-Christensen
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK
- Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - I Willaing
- Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - K Ismail
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Forbes
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK
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17
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Due-Christensen M, Zoffmann V, Willaing I, Hopkins D, Forbes A. The Process of Adaptation Following a New Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes in Adulthood: A Meta-Synthesis. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2018; 28:245-258. [PMID: 29235942 DOI: 10.1177/1049732317745100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is generally associated with childhood, half of all cases occur in adulthood. The adaptive strategies individuals employ during the initial adaptive phase may have an important impact on their risk of future diabetes complications and their psychosocial well-being. We conducted a systematic review of six databases and included nine qualitative studies in a meta-synthesis, the aims of which were to develop a better understanding of how adults newly diagnosed with T1D experience the diagnosis and the phenomena associated with the early process of adaptation to life with diabetes. The meta-synthesis identified five constructs that shaped and influenced the early adaptive process: disruption, constructing a personal view of diabetes, reconstructing a view of self, learning to live with diabetes, and behavioral adaptations. The adaptive processes of adults to a diabetes diagnosis are highly referenced to prior life experiences, social habitus, and psychological orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vibeke Zoffmann
- 2 Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - David Hopkins
- 4 King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Hakkarainen P, Sund R, Arffman M, Koski S, Hänninen V, Moilanen L, Räsänen K. Working people with type 1 diabetes in the Finnish population. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:805. [PMID: 29025404 PMCID: PMC5639775 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing worldwide. Since so little is known about work life of individuals with type 1 diabetes, we examined incidence and prevalence trends of type 1 diabetes among working-aged Finns. We also investigated the employment rate and how workers with type 1 diabetes perceive their health and work ability, and their intended retirement age. Methods We analyzed changes in the incidence, prevalence, and employment rate using nationwide multi-register-based FinDM data, and estimated a Self-Rated Health, Work Ability Score, and inquired about retirement intentions of 767 working individuals with type 1 diabetes in a cross-sectional survey. All estimates were compared to the corresponding data of the Finnish general population. Results The average annual age-standardized incidence rate of type 1 diabetes among men aged 18–39 was 29 per 100,000/year; the incidence rate has increased by 33% from 1992 to 2007. Among women, the incidence remained at 16 per 100,000/year. Among working-aged (18–64) people, the age-standardized prevalence of type 1 diabetes increased by 39% among women and 33% among men. Two out of every three working aged individuals with type 1 diabetes were in the labor force; this is about 10% lower than in the Finnish population. The average age-standardized employment rate among those individuals with type 1 diabetes belonging to the labor force was 82%, compared to 84% in the general population. Working individuals with type 1 diabetes rated their health and work ability as being slightly lower than the general working population, but nonetheless, there were no significant differences in retirement intentions. Conclusions Between 1992 and 2007, the number of working-aged people and workers with type 1 diabetes increased by 35%. Most workers with type 1 diabetes manage as well at work as the general population. Special attention should be paid to workers with type 1 diabetes when they are diagnosed and/or report moderate or poor work ability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-017-4723-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirjo Hakkarainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Reijo Sund
- Centre for Research Methods, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martti Arffman
- Department of Health and Social Care Systems, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Koski
- The Finnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vilma Hänninen
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leena Moilanen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kimmo Räsänen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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19
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Lašaitė L, Dobrovolskienė R, Danytė E, Stankutė I, Ražanskaitė-Virbickienė D, Schwitzgebel V, Marčiulionytė D, Verkauskienė R. Diabetes distress in males and females with type 1 diabetes in adolescence and emerging adulthood. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:1500-1505. [PMID: 27613444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age and gender are important factors in the adjustment and psychological well-being of patients with chronic physical illness. AIM To explore the gender and age differences in diabetes distress between adolescents and emerging adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Diabetes distress was compared in 255 adolescents and 283 emerging adults with T1D using Problem Areas in Diabetes scale. RESULTS High diabetes distress level was found in 22.8% of participants. Lack of confidence in self-care (6.0 vs 3.0, p=0.002), negative emotional consequences (10.0 vs 6.0, p=0.004), and overall score (18.75 vs 11.25, p=0.002) were higher in adult than in adolescent males, when adjusted for age at T1D onset. Negative emotional consequences (13.0 vs 10.0, p=0.005) and overall score (25.0 vs 20.0, p=0.016) were higher in adult compared to adolescent females, when adjusted for age at T1D onset. Lack of confidence in self-care (6.0 vs 3.0, p=0.002), negative emotional consequences (10.0 vs 6.0, p=0.015), and overall score (20.0 vs 11.2, p=0.005) were higher in adolescent females compared to males, when adjusted for age at T1D onset. Negative emotional consequences score was higher in adult females compared to males (13.0 vs 10.0, p=0.029), when adjusted for age at T1D onset. In conclusion, our findings show that patients with T1D have greater burden of diabetes distress in emerging adulthood than in adolescence and add to evidence suggesting the importance of addressing diabetes distress in clinical care and the necessity of wider picture beyond the physical manifestation of diabetes to be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lašaitė
- Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Rimantė Dobrovolskienė
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Evalda Danytė
- Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Stankutė
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Valerie Schwitzgebel
- Department of Child and Adolescent, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dalia Marčiulionytė
- Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Verkauskienė
- Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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