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Yuan J, Jia P. Prediabetes and diabetes were attributed to the prevalence and severity of sarcopenia in middle-aged and elderly adults. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:122. [PMID: 38825679 PMCID: PMC11145839 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia and diabetes are both prevalent health problems worldwide. However, little is known about the relationship between prediabetes and the prevalence and severity of sarcopenia. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the association between glucose status and the components of sarcopenia, including low muscle mass (LMM), low muscle strength (LMS) and low gait speed (LGS) in US adults. METHODS Data from the 1999 to 2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. A total of 4002 participants aged ≥ 50 years with available information on glucose status (NGR: 1939 cases; prediabetes: 1172 cases; diabetes: 891 cases) and sarcopenia were included in this study. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Foundation for National Institute of Health criteria. Muscle mass, muscle strength and gait speed were used to evaluate sarcopenia and its severity. Weighed multivariable logistic regression were used to explore the association between glucose status and the components of sarcopenia. The hypothetical population attributable fraction (PAF) for the glucose status was also calculated. RESULTS The mean age of the cohort was 63.01 ± 9.89 years, with 49.4% being male. Multiple logistic regression analysis suggested that diabetes was an independent risk factor for sarcopenia (OR = 5.470, 95% CI 1.551-19.296) and showed a marginal association with severe sarcopenia (OR = 10.693, 95% CI 0.955-119.73) compared to NGR in men, but not in women. Additionally, prediabetes was independently associated with severe sarcopenia (OR = 3.647, 95% CI 1.532-8.697), LMS (OR = 1.472, 95% CI 1.018-2.127) and LGS (OR = 1.673, 95% CI 1.054-2.655) in the entire cohort. When stratifying by gender, we further observed that prediabetes was significantly associated with LMS in men (OR = 1.897, 95% CI 1.019-3.543) and related to LMM (OR = 3.174, 95% CI 1.287-7.829) and LGS (OR = 2.075, 95% CI 1.155-3.727) in women. HbA1c was positively associated with the prevalence of sarcopenia in men (OR = 1.993, 95% CI 1.511-2.629). PAF showed that diabetes accounted for 16.3% of observed sarcopenia cases. Maintaining NGR in the entire population could have prevented 38.5% of sarcopenia cases and 50.9% of severe sarcopenia cases. CONCLUSIONS Prediabetes and diabetes were independently associated with the prevalence and severity of sarcopenia in US population. Slowing down the progression of hyperglycemia could have prevented a significant proportion of sarcopenia cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Pu Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Tack W, De Cock AM, Dirinck EL, Bastijns S, Ariën F, Perkisas S. Pathophysiological interactions between sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes: A two-way street influencing diagnosis and therapeutic options. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:407-416. [PMID: 37854007 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
This review will try to elucidate the interconnected pathophysiology of sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and will try to identify a common pathway to explain their development. To this end, the PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for articles published about the underlying pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of both sarcopenia and T2D. The medical subject heading (MeSH) terms 'sarcopenia' AND 'diabetes mellitus' AND ('physiopathology' OR 'diagnosis' OR 'therapeutics' OR 'aetiology' OR 'causality') were used. After screening, 32 papers were included. It was evident that sarcopenia and T2D share multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. Common changes in muscle architecture consist of a shift in myocyte composition, increased myosteatosis and a decreased capacity for muscle regeneration. Further, both diseases are linked to an imbalance in myokine and sex hormone production. Chronic low-grade inflammation and increased levels of oxidative stress are also known pathophysiological contributors. In the future, research efforts should be directed towards discovering common checkpoints in the development of T2D and sarcopenia as possible shared therapeutic targets for both diseases. Current treatment for T2D with biguanides, incretins and insulin may already convey a protective effect on the development of sarcopenia. Furthermore, attention should be given to early diagnosis of sarcopenia within the population of people with T2D, given the sizeable physical and medical burden it encompasses. A combination of simple diagnostic techniques could be used at regular diabetes check-ups to identify sarcopenia at an early stage and start lifestyle modifications and treatment as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Tack
- ZNA (ZiekenhuisNetwerk Antwerpen), University Center for Geriatrics, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie De Cock
- ZNA (ZiekenhuisNetwerk Antwerpen), University Center for Geriatrics, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eveline Lia Dirinck
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Anwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sophie Bastijns
- ZNA (ZiekenhuisNetwerk Antwerpen), University Center for Geriatrics, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Femke Ariën
- ZNA (ZiekenhuisNetwerk Antwerpen), University Center for Geriatrics, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stany Perkisas
- ZNA (ZiekenhuisNetwerk Antwerpen), University Center for Geriatrics, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Yogesh M, Mody M, Makwana N, Rabadiya S, Patel J, Shah S. The Hidden Battle Within: Shedding Light on the Co-existence of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity among Participants with Type 2 Diabetes in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Gujarat. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2024; 28:80-85. [PMID: 38533285 PMCID: PMC10962775 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_321_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia due to abnormal insulin secretion and/or utilisation. Currently, sarcopenia has emerged as a new complication of T2DM, which increases the risk of physical disability, and even death. The study aims to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity (SO) as well as their association with various other factors related to T2DM. Methods The study was an observational hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted among diabetic patients who came to the non-communicable diseases (NCD) clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat, India, from April 2023 to June 2023. Adult patients with T2DM attending follow-ups were included, with a diagnosis of T2DM for at least 1 year from the date of their electronic medical records, regardless of their mode of therapeutic treatment. They were on regular medical reviews with two or more visits to the study site in the past 1 year. Then a self-structured standard questionnaire was used to collect the data, containing socio-demographic characteristics, clinical profiles, anthropometric assessment (comprising weight, height and body mass index [BMI]), bio-impedance indices like body fat%, skeletal muscle% and handgrip by hand dynamometer. Results In the study, a total of 404 participants participated. Their mean age was 55 ± 13.5 years and their mean body fat (BF) % was 30 ± 7.4%. BF%-defined obesity was found in 260 (64.4%) participants. A total of 362 (89.6%) had possible sarcopenia, 183 (45.3%) had sarcopenia and 124 (30.7%) had SO. Age (OR: 2.6, CI: 1.7-3.9), duration of diabetes for more than 7 years (OR: 7.5, CI: 3.65-15.4) and BF%-defined obesity (OR: 2.2, CI: 3.6-15) were statistically associated with Sarcopenia, in similar pattern age (OR: 2.4, CI: 1.5-3.7), and duration of diabetes more than 7 years (OR: 18.9, CI: 5.7-62) were associated with SO (P < 0.05). Conclusion Older age, longer diabetes duration and BF%-defined obesity are associated with an increased likelihood of developing sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. Healthcare providers should prioritise regular screening for sarcopenia and SO in elderly individuals with diabetes to facilitate early detection and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yogesh
- Department of Community Medicine, Shri M P Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Mansi Mody
- Department of Internal Medicine, Final Year Medical Student, Shri M P Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Naresh Makwana
- Department of Community Medicine, Shri M P Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Samarth Rabadiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Intern Doctor, Shri M P Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Jenish Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Final Year Medical Student, Shri M P Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Samyak Shah
- Second Year Medical Student, Shri M P Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
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Zhou YY, Wang JF, Yao Q, Jian QF, Luo ZP. Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in patients with diabetes and adverse outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 58:128-135. [PMID: 38056996 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.09.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sarcopenic obesity (SO), which refers to the coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was first to assess the prevalence of SO in patients with diabetes, and second, to evaluate possible adverse outcomes. METHODS This study was conducted in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the data were collated by means of meta-analysis and narrative synthesis. We comprehensively and systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang Database from the establishment of the database to December 2022, and collected related studies on SO in patients with diabetes. Using Stata 16.0 software to pool the estimates for the prevalence of SO in patients with diabetes, and a descriptive systematic review of possible adverse outcomes was performed. RESULTS The prevalence of 20 included studies were pooled by a random-effects model, which showed that the prevalence of SO in patients with diabetes was 27%. Subgroup analyses showed that the prevalence of SO was higher among studies using BIA (24%) to assess muscle mass, and those focused on literature of moderate-quality (29%), being published from 2013 to 2016 (29%), female patients with diabetes (17%), North Americans (30%). SO in patients with diabetes can lead to adverse outcomes including decreased glomerular filtration rate, massive proteinuria, cognitive decline, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION The systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a prevalence of 27% for SO in patients with diabetes, and it is associated with potential serious adverse outcomes. Therefore, we should attach importance to the screening of SO in patients with diabetes and early detection of susceptible groups, then selecting appropriate interventions to reduce the occurrence of it and various adverse outcomes in this demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhou
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Jin-Feng Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Qian Yao
- Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Sichuan, 610017, China.
| | - Qiu-Feng Jian
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Luo
- The Tibet Autonomous Region People's Government Office in a Hospital in Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China
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He Y, Ding F, Yin M, Zhang H, Hou L, Cui T, Xu J, Yue J, Zheng Q. High Serum AST/ALT Ratio and Low Serum INS*PA Product Are Risk Factors and Can Diagnose Sarcopenia in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:843610. [PMID: 35370985 PMCID: PMC8971564 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.843610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is an age-related clinical condition and associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. However, to date, there is no global standard for the diagnosis of sarcopenia, and fewer serum biomarkers have been suggested for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. It is, thus, important that sarcopenia-related serological diagnostic markers be explored. The present study was based on the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS 2019) criteria to assess whether aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio and fasting insulin*prealbumin (INS*PA) product are diagnostic markers associated with sarcopenia in various ethnic groups in western China. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 4,099 adults (1,471 men and 2,628 women) from the West China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT) study. The value of serum biomarkers was based on laboratory data. The accompanying metabolic disorders and the associated parameters were evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between markers and sarcopenia. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the test in differentiating sarcopenia. RESULTS Binary regression analysis showed that high serum AST/ALT (OR = 2.247) and adrenal cortisol (PTC, OR = 1.511), low serum INS*PA (OR = 2.970), free triiodothyronine (FT3, OR = 1.313), 25-OH-VitD (VitD, in male participants, OR = 1.817), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP, in female subjects, OR = 1.250) were independent risk factors for sarcopenia (P < 0.05). AST/ALT and INS*PA were not affected by metabolic factors and had better diagnostic efficacy for sarcopenia. The AUC of the INS*PA was the highest (0.705, 0.706, and 0.701, respectively, P < 0.05), followed by that of the AST/ALT (0.680, 0.675, and 0.695, respectively, P < 0.05). The AUC of the AST/ALT/(INS*PA)*10,000 used to diagnose sarcopenia was 0.727. CONCLUSION Among middle-aged and older adults of multiple ethnicities in western China, we found that higher AST/ALT and lower INS*PA levels are associated with an increased prevalence of sarcopenia. Since these serum biomarkers are inexpensive and can be obtained easily from biochemical routine, regular follow-up of AST/ALT and INS*PA may be an effective strategy in sarcopenia screening and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fing Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengting Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lisha Hou
- Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Cui
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinfeng Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jirong Yue
- Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qin Zheng, ; Jirong Yue,
| | - Qin Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qin Zheng, ; Jirong Yue,
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Jiang LL, Xu XH, Luo MH, Wang HY, Ding B, Yan RN, Hu Y, Ma JH. Association of Acarbose with Decreased Muscle Mass and Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Ther 2021; 12:2955-2969. [PMID: 34542866 PMCID: PMC8521566 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-021-01151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prevalence of sarcopenia has increased in patients with type 2 diabetes. The influence of glucose-lowering drugs on muscles in these patients remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between muscle mass/function and glucose-lowering drugs. METHODS Data of 1042 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this retrospective, cross-sectional study. All the patients had stable hypoglycemic therapy in the last 3 months, and performed bioelectrical impedance analysis, grip strength, and gait speed tests on admission. RESULTS Skeletal muscle index [6.81 (95% CI 6.67, 6.94) vs. 7.17 (7.09, 7.24) kg/m2], handgrip strength [23.41 (22.24, 24.58) vs. 26.93 (26.33, 27.54) kg], and gait speed [1.19 (1.15, 1.22) vs. 1.27 (1.25, 1.28) m/s] decreased in patients using acarbose compared with the others (all p < 0.001). Gait speed and skeletal muscle index remained lower in patients using acarbose compared to their matched patients in propensity score matching (p = 0.036 and 0.010, respectively). Among drug-naïve patients and patients using insulin, metformin, sulfonylureas, or acarbose monotherapy, the acarbose group had lowest skeletal muscle index and handgrip strength [6.81 (6.52, 7.11) kg/m2 and 22.54 (19.28, 25.79) kg, p = 0.028 and 0.001, respectively]. CONCLUSION Acarbose treatment was associated with decreased muscle mass and strength. Assessment and exercise of muscles in patients with long-term acarbose treatment should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-lan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 32 Gongqingtuan Road, Nanjing, 210012 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiao-hua Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 32 Gongqingtuan Road, Nanjing, 210012 Jiangsu China
| | - Meng-hui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 32 Gongqingtuan Road, Nanjing, 210012 Jiangsu China
| | - Hui-ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 32 Gongqingtuan Road, Nanjing, 210012 Jiangsu China
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 32 Gongqingtuan Road, Nanjing, 210012 Jiangsu China
| | - Reng-na Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 32 Gongqingtuan Road, Nanjing, 210012 Jiangsu China
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 32 Gongqingtuan Road, Nanjing, 210012 Jiangsu China
| | - Jian-hua Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 32 Gongqingtuan Road, Nanjing, 210012 Jiangsu China
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Martel-Duguech L, Alonso-Jimenez A, Bascuñana H, Díaz-Manera J, Llauger J, Nuñez-Peralta C, Montesinos P, Webb SM, Valassi E. Prevalence of sarcopenia after remission of hypercortisolism and its impact on HRQoL. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021; 95:735-743. [PMID: 34323296 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cushing's syndrome (CS) is associated with skeletal muscle structural and functional impairment which may persist long-term despite surgical removal of the source of cortisol excess. Prevalence of sarcopenia and its impact on Health-Related-Quality of Life (HRQoL) in 'cured' CS is not known. There is a need to identify easy biomarkers to help the clinicians recognise patients at elevated risk of suffering sustained muscle function. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied 36 women with CS in remission, and 36 controls matched for age, body mass index, menopausal status, and level of physical activity. We analysed the skeletal muscle mass using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, muscle fat fraction using two-point Dixon magnetic resonance imaging and muscle performance and strength using the following tests: hand grip strength, gait speed, timed up and go and 30-s chair stand. We assessed HRQoL with the following questionnaires: SarQoL, CushingQoL, SF-36. We calculated the sarcopenia index (SI; serum creatinine/serum cystatin C × 100). RESULTS Prevalence of sarcopenia, according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), was greater in CS as compared with controls (19% vs. 3%; p < .05). Patients with sarcopenia had a lower SarQoL score than those without sarcopenia (61 ± 17 vs. 75 ± 14; p < .05), and scored worse on the items pain, easy bruising and worries on physical appearance (p < .05 for all comparisons) of the CushingQoL questionnaire. Patients with sarcopenia had poorer physical functioning on SF-36 than those without sarcopenia (60 ± 23 vs. 85 ± 15; p < .01). SI was lower in patients with sarcopenia than those without (71 ± 3 vs. 77 ± 2; p = .032), and was associated with intramuscular fatty infiltration, worse performance on the 30-s chair stand test, slower gait speed, and worse muscle weakness-related HRQoL, as measured using the SarQoL questionnaire (p < .05). The optimised cut-off value for the SI ratio to diagnose sarcopenia was 72, which yielded a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 90%. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia is common in patients with CS in long-term remission, and associated with impaired quality of life. The SI is a potential biomarker allowing clinicians to identify patients at high risk of muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Martel-Duguech
- IIB-Sant Pau and Department of Endocrinology/Medicine, Hospital Sant Pau, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER, Unidad 747), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso-Jimenez
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Antwerp University, Edegem, Belgium
| | | | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jaume Llauger
- Radiology Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Susan M Webb
- IIB-Sant Pau and Department of Endocrinology/Medicine, Hospital Sant Pau, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER, Unidad 747), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Valassi
- IIB-Sant Pau and Department of Endocrinology/Medicine, Hospital Sant Pau, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER, Unidad 747), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina/Endocrinología, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
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Qiao YS, Chai YH, Gong HJ, Zhuldyz Z, Stehouwer CDA, Zhou JB, Simó R. The Association Between Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Sarcopenia: Accumulated Evidences From Observational Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:782391. [PMID: 35002965 PMCID: PMC8734040 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.782391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to evaluate the association between the presence of sarcopenia and HbA1c, prediabetes, diabetes and diabetic complications. METHOD The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to May 2021. We included full-text English language articles that reported the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with and without diabetes. Quality assessment was performed according to the Newcastle- Ottawa scale for observational studies. RESULTS Sixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Three studies showed that high HbA1c levels lead to loss of muscle mass, and one study involving prediabetes showed that people with prediabetes had lower muscle mass, strength, and performance than non-diabetic population. Seven studies showed that people with diabetes had a higher risk of sarcopenia than those without diabetes (combined OR: 2.09, 95% CI:1.62-2.70). The remaining five studies suggested that diabetic complications increased the risk of sarcopenia (combined OR: 2.09,95% CI:1.62-2.70). CONCLUSION High HbA1c levels, prediabetes, diabetes and diabetes complications were associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia. Therapeutic strategies addressed to avoid the conversion of IGT to diabetes and to optimize glycemic control are warranted to prevent or arrest sarcopenia in the diabetic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shun Qiao
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yin-He Chai
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Jian Gong
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Coen D. A. Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jian-Bo Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-Bo Zhou,
| | - Rafael Simó
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Derpartment, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), Madrid, Spain
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Al-Zubairi T, AL-Habori M, Saif-Ali R. Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) and its Metabolic Characteristics among Yemeni Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:4223-4232. [PMID: 34675573 PMCID: PMC8520843 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s332416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although there is ample data about the prevalence of diabetes in the Middle East, little is known about the prevalence and features of autoimmune diabetes in this region. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and metabolic characteristics of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) amongst Yemeni Type 2 DM patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-section study, 270 Type 2 DM patients aged 30-70 years were recruited from the National Diabetes Center, Al-Thowra Hospital, Sana'a city, during the period November 2015 to August 2016. All Type 2 DM patients were diagnosed within 5 years and who did not require insulin for a minimum of 6 months following diagnosis. Levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) were measured in all patients, and LADA was diagnosed in patients testing positive for anti-GAD antibodies. Further, biochemical analysis was carried out including fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, and lipid profile. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-β) were calculated. RESULTS The prevalence of LADA, as defined by GADA-positive, amongst patient with Type 2 DM was 4.4%; with no significant difference in the prevalence between male (5.8%) and female (3.4%). LADA patients were younger than GADA-negative Type 2 DM. Body mass index, waist circumference, insulin and HOMA-β were significantly lower in LADA patients, whereas triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL-c and HOMA-IR were non-significantly lower with respect to Type 2 DM. In contrast, FBG and HbA1c were significantly higher in LADA patients. Moreover, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly lower in LADA as compared with Type 2 DM. Only 2 out of the 12 GADA-positive (16.7%) were on insulin treatment at the time of the study. CONCLUSION The prevalence of LADA in Yemeni Type 2 DM is lower than many of those reported in the literature, with no gender preference. Metabolic syndrome was significantly lower in LADA patients. Patients with LADA share insulin resistance with Type 2 DM but display a more severe defect in β-cell function, thus highlighting the importance of an early diagnosis of LADA, to correctly treat LADA patients, allowing safe and effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thekra Al-Zubairi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana`a, Sana`a, Yemen
| | - Molham AL-Habori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana`a, Sana`a, Yemen
- Correspondence: Molham AL-Habori Email
| | - Riyadh Saif-Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana`a, Sana`a, Yemen
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10
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Padoa CJ, Rheeder P, Pirie FJ, Motala AA, van Dyk JC, Crowther NJ. Identification of a subgroup of black South Africans with type 1 diabetes who are older at diagnosis but have lower levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase and islet antigen 2 autoantibodies. Diabet Med 2020; 37:2067-2074. [PMID: 31811665 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the age at diagnosis and prevalence of islet autoantibody [glutamic acid decarboxylase (65 kDa) 65 and islet antigen 2] positivity in black and white participants with type 1 diabetes in South Africa, and to analyse the relationship between age at diagnosis and the presence of autoantibodies. METHODS Participants were recruited from diabetes outpatient departments and autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (65 kDa) and islet antigen 2 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS We recruited 472 (353 black and 119 white) participants with type 1 diabetes. Age at diagnosis of diabetes was later in black (19.7 ± 10.5) than in white participants (12.7 ± 10.8 years; P < 0.001) with a median (interquartile range) disease duration of 5.0 (2.0-10.0) and 8.5 (4.0-20.0) years (P < 0.001), respectively. An older age at diagnosis (≥ 21 years) was more frequent in black (152 of 340, 45%) than in white participants (24 of 116, 21%; P < 0.001). The prevalence of islet antigen 2 autoantibodies was 19% (66/352) in black and 41% in white participants (48/118; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in glutamic acid decarboxylase (65 kDa) autoantibody positivity between black (212/353, 60%) and white participants (77/117, 66%; P = 0.269). In black, but not white, participants the prevalence of both glutamic acid decarboxylase (65 kDa) and islet antigen 2 autoantibody positivity was significantly lower in participants diagnosed at age ≥ 21 years (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). CONCLUSIONS The older age at diagnosis, lower prevalence of islet antigen 2 autoantibodies and a distinct subgroup of participants with type 1 diabetes with age at diagnosis of > 20 years in the black compared to white population suggest a difference in the immunological aetiology of type 1 diabetes in these two population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Padoa
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - P Rheeder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - F J Pirie
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - A A Motala
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - J C van Dyk
- Private Practice, Life Hospital, Groenkloof, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - N J Crowther
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
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11
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Anagnostis P, Gkekas NK, Achilla C, Pananastasiou G, Taouxidou P, Mitsiou M, Kenanidis E, Potoupnis M, Tsiridis E, Goulis DG. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is Associated with Increased Risk of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 107:453-463. [PMID: 32772138 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased risk of fractures, mainly due to impaired bone architecture and microvascular complications. Whether DM is also associated with increased risk of sarcopenia is not yet known, with studies yielding inconclusive results. The aim of this study was to systematically review and synthesize the best available evidence regarding the association between DM and sarcopenia risk. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, CENTRAL and Scopus databases. Data are expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The I2 index was employed for heterogeneity. Only studies which had implemented at least two of the three criteria for sarcopenia diagnosis (low muscle mass, muscle strength and/or muscle performance), as defined by the international studying groups, were included. Fifteen studies fulfilled eligibility criteria, yielding a total of 1832 patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) and 1159 cases of sarcopenia. Patients with T2DM demonstrated a higher risk of sarcopenia compared with euglycemic subjects (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.25-1.91, p < 0.001; I2 34.6%). This risk remained significant when analysis was restricted to studies matched for age and sex. Sarcopenia risk was independent of disease definition or study design. Notably, T2DM patients presented lower muscle performance and strength compared with euglycemic subjects, whereas no difference in muscle mass was observed between groups. Patients with T2DM have an increased risk of sarcopenia compared with euglycemic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Anagnostis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Centre of Orthopedic and Regenerative Medicine Research (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Academic Orthopedic Unit, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Nifon K Gkekas
- Centre of Orthopedic and Regenerative Medicine Research (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Academic Orthopedic Unit, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charoula Achilla
- Academic Orthopedic Unit, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Pananastasiou
- Academic Orthopedic Unit, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Taouxidou
- Academic Orthopedic Unit, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Mitsiou
- Academic Orthopedic Unit, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eustathios Kenanidis
- Centre of Orthopedic and Regenerative Medicine Research (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Academic Orthopedic Unit, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Potoupnis
- Centre of Orthopedic and Regenerative Medicine Research (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Academic Orthopedic Unit, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Tsiridis
- Centre of Orthopedic and Regenerative Medicine Research (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Academic Orthopedic Unit, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Centre of Orthopedic and Regenerative Medicine Research (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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12
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Zingerman B, Erman A, Mashraki T, Chagnac A, Rozen-Zvi B, Rahamimov R. Association of obesity and muscle mass with risk of albuminuria in renal transplant recipients. J Nephrol 2020; 34:1315-1325. [PMID: 33098523 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased albuminuria is a predictor of graft loss in kidney graft recipients. It is unknown whether obesity is an independent risk factor for the development of increased albuminuria in this population. The aim of this study was to elucidate the association between obesity and albuminuria in renal transplant recipients. METHODS We enrolled 330 renal transplant recipients and prospectively collected demographic, anthropomorphic, clinical and laboratory variables susceptible to influence albumin excretion. The outcome was albuminuria, measured using accurately timed urine collections. Data from 201 patients were analyzed after exclusion of participants with missing data and patients enrolled less than 6 months since renal transplantation. Analysis was carried out for an early and a late period, defined according to the 2.4-year median follow-up time. RESULTS Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and urinary creatinine excretion rate were independent predictors of albuminuria in the late post-transplant period, indicating that the predictive value of body mass index for albuminuria is related to both increased abdominal fat mass and increased muscle mass. BMI was an independent predictor of microalbuminuria. Waist circumference and urinary creatinine were independent predictors of microalbuminuria for values above certain cutoffs: 110% of the accepted thresholds defining abdominal obesity and 1500 mg/day, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These associations, which have not previously been reported, suggest, but do not prove, that an imbalance between metabolic demand and nephron mass may be responsible for increased albuminuria in the renal transplant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Zingerman
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rabin Medical Center, 4941492, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arie Erman
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rabin Medical Center, 4941492, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tiki Mashraki
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rabin Medical Center, 4941492, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Avry Chagnac
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rabin Medical Center, 4941492, Petah Tikva, Israel.
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Benaya Rozen-Zvi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rabin Medical Center, 4941492, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ruth Rahamimov
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rabin Medical Center, 4941492, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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13
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An HJ, Tizaoui K, Terrazzino S, Cargnin S, Lee KH, Nam SW, Kim JS, Yang JW, Lee JY, Smith L, Koyanagi A, Jacob L, Li H, Shin JI, Kronbichler A. Sarcopenia in Autoimmune and Rheumatic Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165678. [PMID: 32784808 PMCID: PMC7461030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia refers to a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and function. Because sarcopenia affects mortality, and causes significant disability, the clinical importance of sarcopenia is emerging. At first, sarcopenia was recognized as an age-related disease but, recently, it has been reported to be prevalent also in younger patients with autoimmune diseases. Specifically, the association of sarcopenia and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis has been studied in detail. Although the pathogenesis of sarcopenia in autoimmune diseases has not been elucidated, chronic inflammation is believed to contribute to sarcopenia, and moreover the pathogenesis seems to be different depending on the respective underlying disease. The definition of sarcopenia differs among studies, which limits direct comparisons. Therefore, in this review, we cover various definitions of sarcopenia used in previous studies and highlight the prevalence of sarcopenia in diverse autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, systemic sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and autoimmune diabetes. In addition, we cover the pathogenesis and treatment of sarcopenia in autoimmune and rheumatic diseases. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of sarcopenia in various autoimmune diseases and highlights the need for a consistent definition of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin An
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Kalthoum Tizaoui
- Laboratory Microorganismes and Active Biomolecules, Sciences Faculty of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia;
| | - Salvatore Terrazzino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Interdepartmental Research Center of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics (CRIFF), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Sarah Cargnin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Interdepartmental Research Center of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics (CRIFF), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (S.C.)
| | - Keum Hwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Seoung Wan Nam
- Department of Rheumatology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea;
| | - Jae Seok Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea; (J.S.K.); (J.W.Y.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Jae Won Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea; (J.S.K.); (J.W.Y.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea; (J.S.K.); (J.W.Y.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK;
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, 08830 Barcelona, Spain; (A.K.); (L.J.)
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, 08830 Barcelona, Spain; (A.K.); (L.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Han Li
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-22282-050
| | - Andreas Kronbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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14
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Lurz E, Patel H, Lebovic G, Quammie C, Woolfson JP, Perez M, Ricciuto A, Wales PW, Kamath BM, Chavhan GB, Jüni P, Ng VL. Paediatric reference values for total psoas muscle area. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:405-414. [PMID: 31920002 PMCID: PMC7113526 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia, the unintentional loss of skeletal muscle mass, is associated with poor outcomes in adult patient populations. In adults, sarcopenia is often ascertained by cross-sectional imaging of the psoas muscle area (PMA). Although children with chronic medical illnesses may be at increased risk for muscle loss because of nutritional deficiencies, physical deconditioning, endocrine anomalies, and systemic inflammation, consistent quantitative definitions for sarcopenia in children are lacking. We aimed to generate paediatric reference values for PMA at two intervertebral lumbar levels, L3-4 and L4-5. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we analysed abdominal computed tomography scans of consecutive children presenting to the emergency department. Participants were children 1-16 years who required abdominal cross-sectional imaging after paediatric trauma between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015 in a large Canadian quaternary care centre. Children with a documented chronic medical illness or an acute spinal trauma at presentation were excluded. Total PMA (tPMA) at levels L3-4 and L4-5 were measured in square millimetres (mm2 ) as the sum of left and right PMA. Age-specific and sex-specific tPMA percentile curves were modelled using quantile regression. RESULTS Computed tomography images from 779 children were included. Values of tPMA at L4-5 were significantly larger than at L3-4 at all ages, but their correlation was high for both girls (r = 0.95) and boys (r = 0.98). Amongst girls, tPMA 50th percentile values ranged from 365 to 2336 mm2 at L3-4 and from 447 to 2704 mm2 for L4-5. Amongst boys, 50th percentile values for tPMA ranged between 394 and 3050 mm2 at L3-4 and from 498 to 3513 mm2 at L4-5. Intraclass correlation coefficients were excellent at L3-4 (0.97, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.981) and L4-5 (0.99, 95% CI 0.986 to 0.995). Weight and tPMA were correlated, stratified by sex for boys (L3-4 r = 0.90; L4-5 r = 0.90) and for girls (L3-4 r = 0.87; L4-5 r = 0.87). An online application was subsequently developed to easily calculate age-specific and sex-specific z-scores and percentiles. CONCLUSIONS We provide novel paediatric age-specific and sex-specific growth curves for tPMA at intervertebral L3-4 and L4-5 levels for children between the ages of 1-16 years. Together with an online tool (https://ahrc-apps.shinyapps.io/sarcopenia/), these tPMA curves should serve as a reference enabling earlier identification and targeted intervention of sarcopenia in children with chronic medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard Lurz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, von Haunersches Kinderspital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Hiten Patel
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gerald Lebovic
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia Quammie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica P Woolfson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manuela Perez
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Ricciuto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul W Wales
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Binita M Kamath
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Govind B Chavhan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Jüni
- Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vicky L Ng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Veronese N, Pizzol D, Demurtas J, Soysal P, Smith L, Sieber C, Strandberg T, Bourdel-Marchasson I, Sinclair A, Petrovic M, Maggi S. Association between sarcopenia and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur Geriatr Med 2019; 10:685-696. [DOI: 10.1007/s41999-019-00216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Borba VZC, Costa TL, Moreira CA, Boguszewski CL. MECHANISMS OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Sarcopenia in endocrine and non-endocrine disorders. Eur J Endocrinol 2019; 180:R185-R199. [PMID: 30913536 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective This paper reviews the main mechanisms, diagnostic criteria, treatment options and available data on sarcopenia in endocrine and non-endocrine disorders. The literature notes the presence of sarcopenia as a comorbid condition or a complication of another clinical situation and not a disease that only affects elderly patients. Method We performed a literature review, focusing on the following: mechanisms related to sarcopenia in elderly patients, and sarcopenia as it presents in the context of chronic and endocrine diseases; diagnostic tools and methods; aspects of sarcopenia and treatment options specific to chronic diseases and endocrine disorders respectively. Results Sarcopenia in chronic and endocrine disorders shares many mechanisms with sarcopenia affecting elderly patients, but certain diseases can have a predominant aspect that leads to sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia varies, depending on different diagnostic criteria, from around 12 to 60% in chronic illnesses and 15 to 90% in endocrine disorders. The interplay between sarcopenia, chronic diseases and elderly patients requires further study, to clarify the impact of each, in terms of prognosis and mortality. Conclusion Awareness of the presentation of sarcopenia in the context of other diseases and ages (and not just the elderly) is fundamental to ensure that preventive measures can be deployed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Lemos Costa
- Endocrine Division (SEMPR), Hospital de Clinicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Carolina Aguiar Moreira
- Endocrine Division (SEMPR), Hospital de Clinicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Pro-Renal Brasil, Lab PRO, Bone Histomorphometry Section, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cesar Luiz Boguszewski
- Endocrine Division (SEMPR), Hospital de Clinicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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17
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Fung FY, Koh YLE, Malhotra R, Ostbye T, Lee PY, Shariff Ghazali S, Tan NC. Prevalence of and factors associated with sarcopenia among multi-ethnic ambulatory older Asians with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a primary care setting. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:122. [PMID: 31035928 PMCID: PMC6489356 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of muscle mass and function, which increases fall risks in older persons. Hyperglycemia relating to Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is postulated to aggravate sarcopenia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia among ambulatory community-dwelling older patients, aged 60–89 years, with T2DM in a primary care setting and to identify factors which mitigate sarcopenia. Methods A total of 387 patients were recruited from a public primary care clinic in Singapore. Data on their socio-demography, clinical and functional status, levels of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and frailty status was collected. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria were used to define sarcopenia based on muscle mass, grip strength and gait speed. Results The study population comprised men (53%), Chinese (69%), mean age = 68.3 ± SD5.66 years, lived in public housing (90%), had hypertension (88%) and dyslipidemia (96%). Their mean muscle mass was 6.3 ± SD1.2 kg/m2; mean gait speed was 1.0 ± SD0.2 m/s and mean grip strength was 25.5 ± SD8.1 kg. Overall, 30% had pre-sarcopenia, 24% with sarcopenia and 4% with severe sarcopenia. Age (OR = 1.14; 95%CI = 1.09–1.20;p < 0.001), multi-morbidity (OR = 1.25;95%CI = 1.05–1.49;p = 0.011) diabetic nephropathy (OR = 2.50;95%CI = 1.35–5.13;p = 0.004), hip circumference (OR = 0.86;95%CI = 0.82–0.90;p < 0.001) and number of clinic visits in past 1 year (OR = 0.74; 95%CI = 0.59–0.92;p = 0.008) were associated with sarcopenia. Conclusions Using AWGS criteria, 58% of older patients with T2DM had pre-sarcopenia and sarcopenia. Age, diabetic nephropathy, hip circumference, multi-morbidity and fewer clinic visits, but not a recent single HBA1c reading, were significantly associated with sarcopenia among patients with T2DM. A longitudinal relationship between clinic visits and sarcopenia should be further evaluated. (250 words)
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Affiliation(s)
- Foon Yin Fung
- Duke NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Yi Ling Eileen Koh
- SingHealth Polyclinics, 167 Jalan Bukit Merah Connection One Tower 5 #15-10, Singapore, 150167, Singapore
| | - Rahul Malhotra
- Duke NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Truls Ostbye
- Duke NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Ping Yein Lee
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sazlina Shariff Ghazali
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ngiap Chuan Tan
- Duke NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
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18
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Kiefer LS, Fabian J, Lorbeer R, Machann J, Storz C, Kraus MS, Wintermeyer E, Schlett C, Roemer F, Nikolaou K, Peters A, Bamberg F. Inter- and intra-observer variability of an anatomical landmark-based, manual segmentation method by MRI for the assessment of skeletal muscle fat content and area in subjects from the general population. Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20180019. [PMID: 29658780 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Changes in skeletal muscle composition, such as fat content and mass, may exert unique metabolic and musculoskeletal risks; however, the reproducibility of their assessment is unknown. We determined the variability of the assessment of skeletal muscle fat content and area by MRI in a population-based sample. METHODS A random sample from a prospective, community-based cohort study (KORA-FF4) was included. Skeletal muscle fat content was quantified as proton-density fat fraction (PDFF) and area as cross-sectional area (CSA) in multi-echo Dixon sequences (TR 8.90 ms, six echo times, flip angle 4°) by a standardized, anatomical landmark-based, manual skeletal muscle segmentation at level L3 vertebra by two independent observers. Reproducibility was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), scatter and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS From 50 subjects included (mean age 56.1 ± 8.8 years, 60.0% males, mean body mass index 28.3 ± 5.2) 2'400 measurements were obtained. Interobserver agreement was excellent for all muscle compartments (PDFF: ICC0.99, CSA: ICC0.98) with only minor absolute and relative differences (-0.2 ± 0.5%, 31 ± 44.7 mm2; -2.6 ± 6.4% and 2.7 ± 3.9%, respectively). Intra-observer reproducibility was similarly excellent (PDFF: ICC1.0, 0.0 ± 0.4%, 0.4%; CSA: ICC1.0, 5.5 ± 25.3 mm2, 0.5%, absolute and relative differences, respectively). All agreement was independent of age, gender, body mass index, body height and visceral adipose tissue (ICC0.96-1.0). Furthermore, PDFF reproducibility was independent of CSA (ICC0.93-0.99). Conclusions: Quantification of skeletal muscle fat content and area by MRI using an anatomical landmark-based, manual skeletal muscle segmentation is highly reproducible. Advances in knowledge: An anatomical landmark-based, manual skeletal muscle segmentation provides high reproducibility of skeletal muscle fat content and area and may therefore serve as a robust proxy for myosteatosis and sarcopenia in large cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Sophie Kiefer
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Jana Fabian
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Roberto Lorbeer
- 2 Department of Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Hospital , Munich , Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- 3 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Section of Experimental Radiology, University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany.,4 Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany.,5 German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Corinna Storz
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Mareen Sarah Kraus
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Elke Wintermeyer
- 6 BG Trauma Center, University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Christopher Schlett
- 7 Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Frank Roemer
- 8 Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Konstantin Nikolaou
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- 9 German Center for Cardiovascular Disease Research (DZHK e.V.) , Munich , Germany.,10 Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilian-University-Hospital , Munich , Germany.,11 Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Fabian Bamberg
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany.,9 German Center for Cardiovascular Disease Research (DZHK e.V.) , Munich , Germany
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19
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Osaka T, Hamaguchi M, Hashimoto Y, Ushigome E, Tanaka M, Yamazaki M, Fukui M. Decreased the creatinine to cystatin C ratio is a surrogate marker of sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 139:52-58. [PMID: 29496508 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sarcopenia has recently been shown to affect quality of life and mortality in patients with diabetes. However, early detection requires an expensive equipment. We hypothesized that the ratio of the creatinine/cystatin (Cre/CysC) could be used as a marker for sarcopenia. METHODS We investigated the association between the Cre/CysC ratio and sarcopenia in a cross-sectional study of patients with type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was estimated by bioelectrical impedance. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was defined as the appendicular SMM divided by the square of the height. Sarcopenia was defined with SMI and a grip strength. RESULTS We identified 285 patients with type 2 diabetes, of whom 25 (8.8%) had sarcopenia. The Cre/CysC ratio was associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia [odds ratio per 0.01 increment, 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.09] after adjusting for covariates. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the optimal the Cre/CysC ratio cut-off point for identifying sarcopenia was 0.9, with an area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.683 (95% CI, 0.573-0.793), 0.80, and 0.48, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We recommend the Cre/CysC ratio as a practical screening marker for sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Osaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kameoka Municipal Hospital, 1-1 Shinoda Shino-cho, Kaweoka, Kyoto 621-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hashimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Emi Ushigome
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Muhei Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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20
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Ishikawa S, Naito S, Iimori S, Takahashi D, Zeniya M, Sato H, Nomura N, Sohara E, Okado T, Uchida S, Rai T. Loop diuretics are associated with greater risk of sarcopenia in patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192990. [PMID: 29447254 PMCID: PMC5814019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and function, frequently accompanies chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to clarify the prevalence and the risk factors for sarcopenia among patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (NDD-CKD), focusing on the use of drugs. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis on a cohort of 260 patients with NDD-CKD in a university hospital, recruited between June 2016 and March 2017. We extracted data on patient gender, age, cause of chronic kidney disease, use of drugs, and comorbidities that could potentially affect the prevalence of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the association of each factor on the prevalence of sarcopenia. Results 25.0% of our study subjects had sarcopenia. Multivariable analysis revealed that an increased risk of sarcopenia was significantly associated with age, male gender, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and loop diuretic use (odds ratio, 4.59: 95% confidence interval, 1.81–11.61: P-value 0.001). Conclusions In our cohort, the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with NDD-CKD was high, and diuretics use, particularly loop diuretic use, was suggested to be a risk factor of sarcopenia. Although loop diuretics are commonly used in patients with CKD, careful consideration of the risk of sarcopenia may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiko Ishikawa
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Naito
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Soichiro Iimori
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiei Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moko Zeniya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tohto Bunkyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Nomura
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisei Sohara
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Okado
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Uchida
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatemitsu Rai
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Lewandowicz A, Skowronek P, Maksymiuk-Kłos A, Piątkiewicz P. The Giant Geriatric Syndromes Are Intensified by Diabetic Complications. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2018; 4:2333721418817396. [PMID: 30560147 PMCID: PMC6291866 DOI: 10.1177/2333721418817396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
By 2015, diabetes has affected more than 415 million people over the world. It is anticipated that 640 million adults will suffer from diabetes in 2040. The elongation of the life expectancy, as the result of better general health care, extends also the time when diabetic complications may develop together with other senility-specific problems. The Giant Geriatric Syndromes (Geriatric Giants) have been qualified by the original Nascher's criteria defined more than 100 years ago, but they are becoming more and more relevant in connection with the aging of societies. The criteria comprise the older age, commonness of the health problem, multifactorial etiology, functional or cognitive impairment, worsened outcome, and increased morbidity and mortality. We described the impact of diabetes on Geriatric Giants including cognitive dysfunction, depression, malnutrition, incontinence, falls and fractures, chronic pain, and the loss of senses. The association of diabetes with Geriatric Giants reveals as a vicious circle with the background of neurovascular complications. However, diabetes influence on the incidence of cancer in elderly was also discussed, since neoplastic diseases associate with Geriatric Giants, for example, chronic pain and depression. The knowledge about these aspects of functional decline in geriatric population is crucial to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Lewandowicz
- National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Skowronek
- Regional Hospital WSZZ Kielce, Poland
- Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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