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Matvieiev O, Šelešovská R, Marton M, Hatala M, Metelka R, Weis M, Vojs M. Effect of different modification by gold nanoparticles on the electrochemical performance of screen-printed sensors with boron-doped diamond electrode. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21525. [PMID: 38057545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Screen-printed sensors with chemically deposited boron-doped diamond electrodes (BDDE) were modified with different types of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) according to a new original procedure. Physically and electrochemically deposited AuNPs had various sizes and also nanoporous character. They also differ in shape and density of surface coverage. The developed sensors were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Their electrochemical properties were studied using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectrometry of selected outer sphere ([Ru(NH3)6]Cl3) and inner sphere (K3[Fe(CN)6], dopamine) redox markers. The application possibilities of such novel screen-printed sensors with BDDE modified by AuNPs were verified in the analysis of the neurotransmitter dopamine. The best analytical performance was achieved using printed sensors modified with the smallest AuNPs. The achieved limit of detection values in nanomolar concentrations (2.5 nmol L-1) are much lower than those of unmodified electrodes, which confirms the significant catalytic effects of gold nanoparticles on the surface of the working electrode. Sensors with the best electrochemical properties were successfully applied in the analysis of a model solution and spiked urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Matvieiev
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Renáta Šelešovská
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Marián Marton
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 3, Bratislava, 812 19, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Hatala
- Department of Graphic Arts Technology and Applied Photochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovak Republic
| | - Radovan Metelka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Weis
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 3, Bratislava, 812 19, Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Vojs
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 3, Bratislava, 812 19, Slovak Republic
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Achilli E, Minelli S, Casale I, He X, Agostini G, Spinolo G, Ghigna P, Minguzzi A, Vertova A. Determining the Proton Diffusion Coefficient in Highly Hydrated Iridium Oxide Films by Energy Dispersive X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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3
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Kumar A, Bettinger MF, Vibhu V, Bouvet M, Meunier-Prest R. Correlation of hierarchical porosity in nanoporous gold with the mass transport of electron transfer-coupled-chemical reactions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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4
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Feynerol V, El Hage R, Brites Helú M, Fierro V, Celzard A, Liu L, Etienne M. Comparative kinetic analysis of redox flow battery electrolytes: From micro-fibers to macro-felts. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Doménech-Carbó A, Amparo Peiró Ronda M, Vives-Ferrándiz J, Duffó GS, Farina S, Teresa Doménech-Carbó M. Modeling ‘dry’ OCP measurements to characterize archaeological iron corrosion II: short-time transients. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Le T, Lasseux D, Zhang L, Carucci C, Gounel S, Bichon S, Lorenzutti F, Kuhn A, Šafarik T, Mano N. Multiscale modelling of diffusion and enzymatic reaction in porous electrodes in Direct Electron Transfer mode. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Parra-Puerto A, Rubio-Garcia J, Markiewicz M, Zheng Z, Kucernak A. Carbon Aerogel Based Thin Electrodes for Zero‐Gap all Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries – Quantifying the Factors Leading to Optimum Performance. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andres Parra-Puerto
- Imperial College London Faculty of Natural Sciences chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Javier Rubio-Garcia
- Imperial College London Faculty of Natural Sciences Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Matthew Markiewicz
- Imperial College London Faculty of Natural Science Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Zhuo Zheng
- Imperial College London Faculty of Natural Sciences Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Anthony Kucernak
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine: Imperial College London Chemistry Imperial College RdWhite City Campus82 Wood Lane W12 0BZ London UNITED KINGDOM
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İncebay H, Saylakci R. Voltammetric Determination of Neotame by Using Chitosan/Nickelnanoparticles/Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes Biocomposite as a Modifier. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal İncebay
- Nevsehir Hacı Bektas Veli University Faculty of Arts and Sciences Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Nevsehir Turkey
| | - Rumeysa Saylakci
- Nevsehir Hacı Bektas Veli University Faculty of Arts and Sciences Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Nevsehir Turkey
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Cao Q, Shao Z, Hensley DK, Lavrik NV, Venton BJ. Influence of Geometry on Thin Layer and Diffusion Processes at Carbon Electrodes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2667-2676. [PMID: 33591763 PMCID: PMC7937503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The geometric structure of carbon electrodes affects their electrochemical behavior, and large-scale surface roughness leads to thin layer electrochemistry when analyte is trapped in pores. However, the current response is always a mixture of both thin layer and diffusion processes. Here, we systematically explore the effects of thin layer electrochemistry and diffusion at carbon fiber (CF), carbon nanospike (CNS), and carbon nanotube yarn (CNTY) electrodes. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) response to the surface-insensitive redox couple Ru(NH3)63+/2+ is tested, so the geometric structure is the only factor. At CFs, the reaction is diffusion-controlled because the surface is smooth. CNTY electrodes have gaps between nanotubes that are about 10 μm deep, comparable with the diffusion layer thickness. CNTY electrodes show clear thin layer behavior due to trapping effects, with more symmetrical peaks and ΔEp closer to zero. CNS electrodes have submicrometer scale roughness, so their CV shape is mostly due to diffusion, not thin layer effects. However, even the 10% contribution of thin layer behavior reduces the peak separation by 30 mV, indicating ΔEp is influenced not only by electron transfer kinetics but also by surface geometry. A new simulation model is developed to quantitate the thin layer and diffusion contributions that explains the CV shape and peak separation for CNS and CNTY electrodes, providing insight on the impact of scan rate and surface structure size. Thus, this study provides key understanding of thin layer and diffusion processes at different surface structures and will enable rational design of electrodes with thin layer electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Zijun Shao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Dale K. Hensley
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Nickolay V. Lavrik
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Corresponding Author: B. Jill Venton,
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10
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The power of electrified nanoconfinement for energising, controlling and observing long enzyme cascades. Nat Commun 2021; 12:340. [PMID: 33436601 PMCID: PMC7804111 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20403-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Multistep enzyme-catalyzed cascade reactions are highly efficient in nature due to the confinement and concentration of the enzymes within nanocompartments. In this way, rates are exceptionally high, and loss of intermediates minimised. Similarly, extended enzyme cascades trapped and crowded within the nanoconfined environment of a porous conducting metal oxide electrode material form the basis of a powerful way to study and exploit myriad complex biocatalytic reactions and pathways. One of the confined enzymes, ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase, serves as a transducer, rapidly and reversibly recycling nicotinamide cofactors electrochemically for immediate delivery to the next enzyme along the chain, thereby making it possible to energize, control and observe extended cascade reactions driven in either direction depending on the electrode potential that is applied. Here we show as proof of concept the synthesis of aspartic acid from pyruvic acid or its reverse oxidative decarboxylation/deamination, involving five nanoconfined enzymes. Multistep enzymatic reactions (cascades) can be achieved by confining enzymes in synthetic materials, but ways to simultaneously energize, control and observe the reactions in real time are lacking. Here, bidirectional interconversion between aspartate and pyruvate by a five enzyme cascade trapped in electrode nanopores, addressable by laptop commands, is demonstrated.
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11
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Tasić N, Bezerra Martins A, Yifei X, Sousa Góes M, Martín-Yerga D, Mao L, Paixão TR, Moreira Gonçalves L. Insights into electrochemical behavior in laser-scribed electrochemical paper-based analytical devices. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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12
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Landon-Lane L, Downard AJ, Marshall AT. Single fibre electrode measurements – A versatile strategy for assessing the non-uniform kinetics at carbon felt electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Tichter T, Andrae D, Schneider J, Gebhard M, Hilger A, Manke I, Roth C. Real-space simulation of cyclic voltammetry in carbon felt electrodes by combining micro X-ray CT data, digital simulation and convolutive modeling. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Le TD, Lasseux D. Current and Optimal Dimensions Predictions for a Porous Micro‐Electrode. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tien D. Le
- I2MUMR 5295CNRSUniv. BordeauxEsplanade des Arts et Métiers33405 Talence CEDEXFrance - Université de Lorraine CNRS, LEMTA F-54000 Nancy France
| | - Didier Lasseux
- I2MUMR 5295CNRSUniv. Bordeaux Esplanade des Arts et Métiers 33405 Talence CEDEX France
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15
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A novel sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine, uric acid and tryptophan using a voltammetric platform based on carbon black nanoballs. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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16
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Upscaled model for diffusion and serial reduction pathways in porous electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Cao Q, Puthongkham P, Venton BJ. Review: New insights into optimizing chemical and 3D surface structures of carbon electrodes for neurotransmitter detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2019; 11:247-261. [PMID: 30740148 PMCID: PMC6366673 DOI: 10.1039/c8ay02472c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The carbon-fiber microelectrode has been used for decades as a neurotransmitter sensor. Recently, new strategies have been developed for making carbon electrodes, including using carbon nanomaterials or pyrolyzing photoresist etched by nanolithography or 3D printing. This review summarizes how chemical and 3D surface structures of new carbon electrodes are optimized for neurotransmitter detection. There are effects of the chemical structure that are advantageous and nanomaterials are used ranging from carbon nanotube (CNT) to graphene to nanodiamond. Functionalization of these materials promotes surface oxide groups that adsorb dopamine and dopants introduce defect sites good for electron transfer. Polymer coatings such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) or Nafion also enhance the selectivity, particularly for dopamine over ascorbic acid. Changing the 3D surface structure of an electrode increases current by adding more surface area. If the surface structure has roughness or pores on the micron scale, the electrode also acts as a thin layer cell, momentarily trapping the analyte for redox cycling. Vertically-aligned CNTs as well as lithographically-made or 3D printed pillar arrays act as thin layer cells, producing more reversible cyclic voltammograms. A better understanding of how chemical and surface structure affects electrochemistry enables rational design of electrodes. New carbon electrodes are being tested in vivo and strategies to reduce biofouling are being developed. Future studies should test the robustness for long term implantation, explore electrochemical properties of neurotransmitters beyond dopamine, and combine optimized chemical and physical structures for real-time monitoring of neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B. Jill Venton
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901
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18
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Tichter T, Andrae D, Mayer J, Schneider J, Gebhard M, Roth C. Theory of cyclic voltammetry in random arrays of cylindrical microelectrodes applied to carbon felt electrodes for vanadium redox flow batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9061-9068. [PMID: 30843917 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00548j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to quantitatively investigate the kinetic performance and the pore size distribution of carbon felt electrodes for the application in vanadium redox flow batteries, the theory of cyclic voltammetry (CV) is derived for a random network of cylindrical microelectrodes on the base of convolutive modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Tichter
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Dirk Andrae
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Jacob Mayer
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Jonathan Schneider
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Marcus Gebhard
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Christina Roth
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
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20
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Yousefi V, Mohebbi-Kalhori D, Samimi A. Application of layer-by-layer assembled chitosan/montmorillonite nanocomposite as oxygen barrier film over the ceramic separator of the microbial fuel cell. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Manikandan VS, Liu Z, Chen A. Simultaneous detection of hydrazine, sulfite, and nitrite based on a nanoporous gold microelectrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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22
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Uchida Y, Kätelhön E, Compton RG. Linear sweep voltammetry with non-triangular waveforms: New opportunities in electroanalysis. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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23
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Le T, Lasseux D, Nguyen X, Vignoles G, Mano N, Kuhn A. Multi-scale modeling of diffusion and electrochemical reactions in porous micro-electrodes. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Porous GaN electrode for anodic stripping voltammetry of silver(I). Talanta 2017; 165:540-544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Taylor SM, Pătru A, Fabbri E, Schmidt TJ. Influence of surface oxygen groups on V(II) oxidation reaction kinetics. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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26
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Haensch M, Behnken J, Balboa L, Dyck A, Wittstock G. Redox titration of gold and platinum surface oxides at porous microelectrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:22915-22925. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04589a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cavity-microelectrodes were used to investigate surface oxides on supported platinum nanoparticles and nanoporous gold with the surface interrogation mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Haensch
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg
- Institute of Chemistry
- Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11
- 26129 Oldenburg
- Germany
| | - Julian Behnken
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg
- Institute of Chemistry
- Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11
- 26129 Oldenburg
- Germany
| | - Luis Balboa
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg
- Institute of Chemistry
- Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11
- 26129 Oldenburg
- Germany
| | - Alexander Dyck
- DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems
- Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15
- 26129 Oldenburg
- Germany
| | - Gunther Wittstock
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg
- Institute of Chemistry
- Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11
- 26129 Oldenburg
- Germany
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27
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Zhu P, Zhao Y. Effects of electrochemical reaction and surface morphology on electroactive surface area of porous copper manufactured by Lost Carbonate Sintering. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04204c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electroactive surface area of porous copper is very sensitive to diffusion layer thickness due to the length scale effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhu
- School of Engineering
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 3GH
- UK
| | - Yuyuan Zhao
- School of Engineering
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 3GH
- UK
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28
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Goulet MA, Habisch A, Kjeang E. In Situ Enhancement of Flow-through Porous Electrodes with Carbon Nanotubes via Flowing Deposition. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Talarico D, Arduini F, Constantino A, Del Carlo M, Compagnone D, Moscone D, Palleschi G. Carbon black as successful screen-printed electrode modifier for phenolic compound detection. Electrochem commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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30
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31
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Morandi S, Minguzzi A. The cavity-microelectrode as a tip for scanning electrochemical microscopy. Electrochem commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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32
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Gusmão R, Melle-Franco M, Geraldo D, Bento F, Paiva MC, Proença F. Probing the surface of oxidized carbon nanotubes by selective interaction with target molecules. Electrochem commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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33
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Smith RE, Davies TJ, Baynes NDB, Nichols RJ. The electrochemical characterisation of graphite felts. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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