1
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Elkhafif OW, Hassan HK, Ceblin MU, Farkas A, Jacob T. Influence of Residual Water Traces on the Electrochemical Performance of Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids for Magnesium-Containing Electrolytes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300421. [PMID: 37338003 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
A trace amount of water is typically unavoidable as an impurity in ionic liquids, which is a huge challenge for their application in Mg-ion batteries. Here, we employed molecular sieves of different pore diameters (3, 4, and 5 Å), to effectively remove the trace amounts of water from 1-methyl-1-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (MPPip-TFSI) and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMP-TFSI). Notably, after sieving (water content <1 mg ⋅ L-1 ), new anodic peaks arise that are attributed to the formation of different anion-cation structures induced by minimizing the influence of hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) reveals that the electrolyte resistance decreases by ∼10 % for MPPip-TFSI and by ∼28 % for BMP-TFSI after sieving. The electrochemical Mg deposition/dissolution is investigated in MPPip-TFSI/tetraglyme (1 : 1)+100 mM Mg(TFSI)2 +10 mM Mg(BH4 )2 using Ag/AgCl and Mg reference electrodes. The presence of a trace amount of water leads to a considerable shift of 0.9 V vs. Mg2+/ Mg in the overpotential of Mg deposition. In contrast, drying of MPPip-TFSI enhances the reversibility of Mg deposition/dissolution and suppresses the passivation of the Mg electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar W Elkhafif
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hagar K Hassan
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) - Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maximilian U Ceblin
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Attila Farkas
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) - Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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2
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Order beyond a monolayer: The story of two self-assembled 4,4′-bipyridine layers on the Sb(111) | ionic liquid interface. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Yang XH, Papasizza M, Cuesta A, Cheng J. Water-In-Salt Environment Reduces the Overpotential for Reduction of CO 2 to CO 2– in Ionic Liquid/Water Mixtures. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Marco Papasizza
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UE Scotland, U.K
| | - Angel Cuesta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UE Scotland, U.K
- Centre for Energy Transition, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3FX Scotland, U.K
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), 361005 Xiamen, China
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4
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Zeller SJ, Geng T, Ceblin MU, Uhl M, Kuehne AJC, Kibler LA, Jacob T. An Interfacial Study of Au(111) Electrodes in Deep Eutectic Solvents. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven J. Zeller
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Tanja Geng
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Maximilian U. Ceblin
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Matthias Uhl
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Timo Jacob
- Ulm University Institute of Electrochemistry Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm GERMANY
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5
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Schuett FM, Zeller SJ, Eckl MJ, Matzik FM, Heubach MK, Geng T, Hermann JM, Uhl M, Kibler LA, Engstfeld AK, Jacob T. Versatile 3D-Printed Micro-Reference Electrodes for Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Solutions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22783-22790. [PMID: 34427031 PMCID: PMC8518549 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
While numerous reference electrodes suitable for aqueous electrolytes exist, there is no well-defined standard for non-aqueous electrolytes. Furthermore, reference electrodes are often large and do not meet the size requirements for small cells. In this work, we present a simple method for fabricating stable 3D-printed micro-reference electrodes. The prints are made from polyvinylidene fluoride, which is chemically inert in strong acids, bases, and commonly used non-aqueous solvents. We chose six different reference systems based on Ag, Cu, Zn, and Na, including three aqueous and three non-aqueous systems to demonstrate the versatility of the approach. Subsequently, we conducted cyclic voltammetry experiments and measured the potential difference between the aqueous homemade reference electrodes and a commercial Ag/AgCl-electrode. For the non-aqueous reference electrodes, we chose the ferrocene redox couple as an internal standard. From these measurements, we deduced that this new class of micro-reference electrodes is leak-tight and shows a stable electrode potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M Schuett
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven J Zeller
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Eckl
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix M Matzik
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maren-Kathrin Heubach
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Geng
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes M Hermann
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Uhl
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludwig A Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert K Engstfeld
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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6
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Schuett FM, Zeller SJ, Eckl MJ, Matzik FM, Heubach M, Geng T, Hermann JM, Uhl M, Kibler LA, Engstfeld AK, Jacob T. Versatile 3D‐Printed Micro‐Reference Electrodes for Aqueous and Non‐Aqueous Solutions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M. Schuett
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Sven J. Zeller
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Maximilian J. Eckl
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Felix M. Matzik
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Maren‐Kathrin Heubach
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Tanja Geng
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Johannes M. Hermann
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Matthias Uhl
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Albert K. Engstfeld
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
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7
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Schuett FM, Heubach MK, Mayer J, Ceblin MU, Kibler LA, Jacob T. Electrodeposition of Zinc onto Au(111) and Au(100) from the Ionic Liquid [MPPip][TFSI]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20461-20468. [PMID: 34197037 PMCID: PMC8456931 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The improvement of rechargeable zinc/air batteries was a hot topic in recent years. Predominantly, the influence of water and additives on the structure of the Zn deposit and the possible dendrite formation were studied. However, the effect of the surface structure of the underlying substrate was not focused on in detail, yet. We now show the differences in electrochemical deposition of Zn onto Au(111) and Au(100) from the ionic liquid N‐methyl‐N‐propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. The fundamental processes were initially characterized via cyclic voltammetry and in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy. Bulk deposits were then examined using Auger electron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Different structures of Zn deposits are observed during the initial stages of electrocrystallisation on both electrodes, which reveals the strong influence of the crystallographic orientation on the metal deposition of zinc on gold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M Schuett
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maren-Kathrin Heubach
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jerome Mayer
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maximilian U Ceblin
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ludwig A Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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8
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Schuett FM, Heubach M, Mayer J, Ceblin MU, Kibler LA, Jacob T. Electrodeposition of Zinc onto Au(111) and Au(100) from the Ionic Liquid [MPPip][TFSI]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M. Schuett
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Maren‐Kathrin Heubach
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Jerome Mayer
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Maximilian U. Ceblin
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
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9
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Dong Y, Tian G. Characterization of the Interface Structure of 1-Ethyl-2,3-alkylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide on a Au(111) Surface with Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:3677-3689. [PMID: 33797248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As a new type of green electrolyte, ionic liquids have been extensively and successfully used in electrochemical systems. It is extremely important to understand the structure and characteristics of their electric double layers. The microscopic structures of room-temperature ionic liquids 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Emmim]TFSI) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Emim]TFSI) were studied on a flat Au(111) surface using molecular dynamics simulations. Since the interactions of [Emmim]TFSI, [Emmim]+, and TFSI- with the Au(111) surface are stronger than those of molecules (or ions) in the [Emim]TFSI system, the linear arrangement of [Emmim]TFSI and the worm-like pattern of the [Emim]TFSI system can be found near the Au(111) surface. Meanwhile, cations are all parallel to the electrode in the [Emmim]TFSI/Au(111) system and tilted toward the surface in the [Emim]TFSI/Au(111) system. TFSI- presents trans and cis conformations in [Emim]TFSI and [Emmim]TFSI systems adjacent to Au(111), respectively. A Helmholtz-like layer structure with alternating oscillations of anionic and cationic layers can be found in the [Emim]TFSI system, while the molecular layer with cations and anions existing simultaneously can be found in [Emmim]TFSI. Our results confirm that the substitution of hydrogen on C1 by methyl groups in the imidazole ring increases the interaction between the particles. It has also been proved that the change in the anion conformation and cation orientation in the [Emmim]TFSI system can be attributed to the different interaction energies of various particles. The above reasons ultimately make the images on Au(111) different in the two systems. The results provide a new perspective for studying the structure of double layers. They are helpful in deepening the understanding of the interface behavior of ionic liquids and providing a theoretical basis for the design of functional ionic liquids that are suitable for electrochemical equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Non-ferrous Metal Resource Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.,Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China.,Yunnan Open University, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yifei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Non-ferrous Metal Resource Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.,Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Yubin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Non-ferrous Metal Resource Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.,Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Guocai Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Non-ferrous Metal Resource Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.,Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
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10
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Li M, Liu S, Xie L, Yan J, Lagrost C, Wang S, Feng G, Hapiot P, Mao B. Charge Transfer Kinetics at Ag(111) Single Crystal Electrode/Ionic Liquid Interfaces: Dependence on the Cation Alkyl Side Chain Length. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miangang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Liqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Corinne Lagrost
- Université de Rennes 1 Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (Equipe MaCSE), and CNRS, UMR No. 6226 Campus de Beaulieu. Bat 10C 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Guang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Philippe Hapiot
- Université de Rennes 1 Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (Equipe MaCSE), and CNRS, UMR No. 6226 Campus de Beaulieu. Bat 10C 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Bingwei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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11
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Rudnev AV, Ehrenburg MR, Molodkina EB, Abdelrahman A, Arenz M, Broekmann P, Jacob T. Structural Changes of Au(111) Single‐Crystal Electrode Surface in Ionic Liquids. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201902010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Rudnev
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninskii pr. 31 119071 Moscow Russia
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Maria R. Ehrenburg
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninskii pr. 31 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Elena B. Molodkina
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninskii pr. 31 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Areeg Abdelrahman
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
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12
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Yang XH, Cuesta A, Cheng J. Computational Ag/AgCl Reference Electrode from Density Functional Theory-Based Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:10224-10232. [PMID: 31693366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a scheme to compute the standard potential of the Ag/AgCl reference electrode using density functional theory-based molecular dynamics, similar to the computational standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) developed by Cheng, Sulpizi, and Sprik [J. Chem. Phys. 2009, 131, 154504], with which our new computational reference electrode was compared. We have obtained a similar value of the potential of the Ag/AgCl electrode versus SHE to the experiment. The newly developed computational reference electrode will be extended to nonaqueous solvents in the future, where it will be used to predict standard equilibrium potentials to be compared with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China.,Department of Chemistry , University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen AB24 3UE , U.K
| | - Angel Cuesta
- Department of Chemistry , University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen AB24 3UE , U.K
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
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13
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Investigating the M(hkl)| ionic liquid interface by using laser induced temperature jump technique. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Liu S, Peng J, Chen L, Sebastián P, Feliu JM, Yan J, Mao B. In-situ STM and AFM Studies on Electrochemical Interfaces in imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Fan J, Xiao Q, Fang Y, Li L, Feng W, Yuan W. Reversible Intercalation of 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Cations into MoS2from a Pure Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Dual‐Ion Cells. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Fan
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Effective Storage and Utilization of Thermal Energy School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Qiangqiang Xiao
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Effective Storage and Utilization of Thermal Energy School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Yaobing Fang
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Effective Storage and Utilization of Thermal Energy School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- School of Environment and EnergySouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Wanyi Feng
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Effective Storage and Utilization of Thermal Energy School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Yuan
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Effective Storage and Utilization of Thermal Energy School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
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16
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Buchner F, Uhl B, Forster-Tonigold K, Bansmann J, Groß A, Behm RJ. Structure formation and surface chemistry of ionic liquids on model electrode surfaces-Model studies for the electrode | electrolyte interface in Li-ion batteries. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:193821. [PMID: 30307189 DOI: 10.1063/1.5012878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered as attractive electrolyte solvents in modern battery concepts such as Li-ion batteries. Here we present a comprehensive review of the results of previous model studies on the interaction of the battery relevant IL 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMP]+[TFSI]-) with a series of structurally and chemically well-defined model electrode surfaces, which are increasingly complex and relevant for battery applications [Ag(111), Au(111), Cu(111), pristine and lithiated highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), and rutile TiO2(110)]. Combining surface science techniques such as high resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for characterizing surface structure and chemical composition in deposited (sub-)monolayer adlayers with dispersion corrected density functional theory based calculations, this work aims at a molecular scale understanding of the fundamental processes at the electrode | electrolyte interface, which are crucial for the development of the so-called solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer in batteries. Performed under idealized conditions, in an ultrahigh vacuum environment, these model studies provide detailed insights on the structure formation in the adlayer, the substrate-adsorbate and adsorbate-adsorbate interactions responsible for this, and the tendency for chemically induced decomposition of the IL. To mimic the situation in an electrolyte, we also investigated the interaction of adsorbed IL (sub-)monolayers with coadsorbed lithium. Even at 80 K, postdeposited Li is found to react with the IL, leading to decomposition products such as LiF, Li3N, Li2S, LixSOy, and Li2O. In the absence of a [BMP]+[TFSI]- adlayer, it tends to adsorb, dissolve, or intercalate into the substrate (metals, HOPG) or to react with the substrate (TiO2) above a critical temperature, forming LiOx and Ti3+ species in the latter case. Finally, the formation of stable decomposition products was found to sensitively change the equilibrium between surface Li and Li+ intercalated in the bulk, leading to a deintercalation from lithiated HOPG in the presence of an adsorbed IL adlayer at >230 K. Overall, these results provide detailed insights into the surface chemistry at the solid | electrolyte interface and the initial stages of SEI formation at electrode surfaces in the absence of an applied potential, which is essential for the further improvement of future Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Buchner
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Benedikt Uhl
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Katrin Forster-Tonigold
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Joachim Bansmann
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel Groß
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - R Jürgen Behm
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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Lucio AJ, Shaw SK. Capacitive hysteresis at the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)-trifluorophosphate-polycrystalline gold interface. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4575-4586. [PMID: 29492622 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report potential-dependent capacitance curves over a 2-V potential range for the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)-trifluorophosphate (Emim FAP)-polycrystalline gold interface, and examine the effect of potential scan direction on results. We find very small levels of capacitive hysteresis in the Emim FAP-polycrystalline Au electrochemical system, where capacitance curves show minor dependence on the potential scan direction employed. This is a considerably different response than that reported for the Emim FAP-Au(111) interface where significant hysteresis is observed based on the potential scan direction (Drüschler et al. in J Phys Chem C 115 (14):6802-6808, 2011). Hysteresis effects have previously been suggested to be a general feature of an ionic liquid (IL) at electrified interfaces due to slow interfacial processes and has been demonstrated for numerous electrochemical systems. We provide new evidence that the experimental procedure used to acquire capacitance data and data workup could also have implications on capacitance-potential relationships in ILs. This work serves to progress our understanding of the nature of capacitive hysteresis at the IL-electrode interface. Graphical abstract Subtle changes in experimental methods can lead to significantly different capacitance measurements in ionic liquids. Which is the best approach?
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Lucio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Scott K Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Pajkossy T, Müller C, Jacob T. The metal–ionic liquid interface as characterized by impedance spectroscopy and in situ scanning tunneling microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:21241-21250. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02074d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical measurements including impedance spectroscopy and in situ scanning tunneling microscopy were performed to study the interface between solid electrodes and ionic liquids. We could reveal that the double layer rearrangement processes are not instantaneous, but that the ions can form ordered clusters at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Pajkossy
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Claus Müller
- Institute of Electrochemistry
- Ulm University
- Ulm 89081
- Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry
- Ulm University
- Ulm 89081
- Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage
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19
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Influence of chemical composition of electrode material on the differential capacitance characteristics of the ionic liquid | electrode interface. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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20
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Specific adsorption from an ionic liquid: impedance study of iodide ion adsorption from a pure halide ionic liquid at bismuth single crystal planes. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Buchner F, Forster-Tonigold K, Bozorgchenani M, Gross A, Behm RJ. Interaction of a Self-Assembled Ionic Liquid Layer with Graphite(0001): A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:226-233. [PMID: 26713562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between (sub)monolayers of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide [BMP](+)[TFSA](-) and graphite(0001), which serves as a model for the anode|electolyte interface in Li-ion batteries, was investigated under ultrahigh vacuum conditions in a combined experimental and theoretical approach. High-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D) calculations were employed. After vapor deposition at 300 K, XPS indicates molecular adsorbates with a 1:1 ratio of cations/anions. Cool down to ∼100 K leads to the formation of an ordered (2D) crystalline phase, which coexists with a mobile (2D) liquid. DFT-D calculations reveal that adsorbed [BMP](+) and [TFSA](-) species are arranged alternately in a row-like adsorption structure (cation-anion-cation-anion) and that adsorption is dominated by dispersion interactions between adlayer and substrate, on the one hand, and electrostatic interactions between the ions in a row, on the other hand. Simulated STM images of that structure closely resemble the experimental molecular resolved STM images and show that the resolved features mostly stem from the cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Buchner
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) , Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstraße 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Katrin Forster-Tonigold
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) , Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstraße 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Maral Bozorgchenani
- Ulm University , Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel Gross
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) , Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstraße 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Ulm University , Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - R Jürgen Behm
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) , Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstraße 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Ulm University , Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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Müller C, Németh K, Vesztergom S, Pajkossy T, Jacob T. The interface between HOPG and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:916-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05406k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The interface between highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and 1-butyl-3-metyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIPF6) has been studied using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, immersion charge measurements and in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (in situ STM).
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Müller
- Institute of Electrochemistry
- Ulm University
- Albert-Einstein-Allee 47
- Ulm D-89069
- Germany
| | - K. Németh
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H–1121 Budapest
- Hungary
| | | | - T. Pajkossy
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - T. Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry
- Ulm University
- Albert-Einstein-Allee 47
- Ulm D-89069
- Germany
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Sebastián P, Climent V, Feliu JM. Characterization of the interfaces between Au(hkl) single crystal basal plane electrodes and [Emmim][Tf 2 N] ionic liquid. Electrochem commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Anderson E, Grozovski V, Siinor L, Siimenson C, Lust E. Comparative in situ STM, cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy study of Bi(111) | 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate interface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Uhl B, Huang H, Alwast D, Buchner F, Behm RJ. Interaction of ionic liquids with noble metal surfaces: structure formation and stability of [OMIM][TFSA] and [EMIM][TFSA] on Au(111) and Ag(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:23816-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03787e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Principles of structure formation and adsorbate–adsorbate interactions in ionic liquid adlayers on metal surfaces were investigated in a comparative STM study on Ag(111) and Au(111) surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Uhl
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89081 Ulm
- Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage
| | - Hsinhui Huang
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89081 Ulm
- Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage
| | - Dorothea Alwast
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89081 Ulm
- Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage
| | - Florian Buchner
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89081 Ulm
- Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage
| | - R. Jürgen Behm
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Ulm University
- D-89081 Ulm
- Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage
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