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Dey TK, Trono C, Biswas P, Giannetti A, Basumallick N, Baldini F, Bandyopadhyay S, Tombelli S. Biosensing by Polymer-Coated Etched Long-Period Fiber Gratings Working near Mode Transition and Turn-around Point. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:731. [PMID: 37504129 PMCID: PMC10377345 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
A methodology to enhance the sensitivity of long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) based on the combination of three different enhancement approaches is presented; the methods here adopted are the working near mode transition (MT) of a cladding mode (CM), working near the turn-around point of a CM and the enhancement of the evanescent field of CMs by reducing the cladding diameter or by increasing the order number of CMs. In order to combine these enhancement methodologies, an electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) process was used to deposit a polymeric overlay, with a chosen thickness, onto the etched fiber. The add-layer sensitivity of the sensor was theoretically calculated, and the demonstration of the real applicability of the developed LPFG as a biosensor was performed by means of an IgG/anti-IgG immunoassay in human serum in a thermostated microfluidic system. The limits of detection (LODs) calculated by following different procedures (three times the standard deviation of the blank and the mean value of the residuals) were 6.9 × 10-8 µg/mL and 4.5 × 10-6 µg/mL, respectively. The calculated LODs demonstrate the effectiveness of the applied methodology for sensitivity enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanoy Kumar Dey
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI, 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Cosimo Trono
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara", CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Palas Biswas
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI, 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ambra Giannetti
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara", CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Nandini Basumallick
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI, 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Francesco Baldini
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara", CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Somnath Bandyopadhyay
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI, 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sara Tombelli
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara", CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Modifying last layer in polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings for capillary electrophoresis of proteins. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1692:463837. [PMID: 36804799 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein adsorption on the inner wall of the fused silica capillary wall is an important concern for capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis since it is mainly responsible for separation efficiency reduction. Successive Multiple Ionic-polymer Layers (SMIL) are used as capillary coatings to limit protein adsorption, but even low residual adsorption strongly impacts the separation efficiency, especially at high separation voltages. In this work, the influence of the chemical nature and the PEGylation of the polyelectrolyte deposited in the last layer of the SMIL coating was investigated on the separation performances of a mixture of four model intact proteins (myoglobin (Myo), trypsin inhibitor (TI), ribonuclease a (RNAse A) and lysozyme (Lyz)). Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), polyethyleneimine (PEI), ε-poly(L-lysine) (εPLL) and α-poly(L-lysine) (αPLL) were compared before and after chemical modification with polyethyleneglycol (PEG) of different chain lengths. The experimental results obtained by performing electrophoretic separations at different separation voltages allowed determining the residual retention factor of the proteins onto the capillary wall via the determination of the plate height at different solute velocities and demonstrated a strong impact of the polycationic last layer on the electroosmotic mobility, the separation efficiency and the overall resolution. Properties of SMIL coatings were also characterized by quartz microbalance and atomic force microscopy, demonstrating a glassy structure of the films.
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Delvart A, Moreau C, D'Orlando A, Falourd X, Cathala B. Dextran-based polyelectrolyte multilayers: Effect of charge density on film build-up and morphology. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 210:112258. [PMID: 34891063 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the growth process of thin polyelectrolyte (PE) films fabricated by the layer-by-layer assembly (LbL) and composed of Dextran sulfate with high (DexS H) and low (DexS L) sulfation rate and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). Film growths were monitored by combining Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Even though, the two films growth up to 10 bilayers, QCM-D showed that polyelectrolyte pairs do not display similar behaviours. (PAH/DexS H) systems lead to linear growth, i.e. amounts deposited increase both for PAH and DexS H, while the PAH/DexS L pair generated zig-zag shaped asymmetric growth. Film water contents were determined by QCM-D solvent exchange and SPR experiments. DexS L contains less water than DexS H and in agreement with the QCM-D dissipation values that suggest the formation of more rigid films in the case of DexS L than DexS H. Surface morphology investigated by AFM display distinct surface patterns since DexS H form thin films with fibril-like morphology covering all the surface while heterogeneous films with "puddle-like" aggregates were imaged in the case of DexS L. Difference of charge compensation and charge neutralisation between both systems likely lead to dissimilar growth mechanisms that are tentatively proposed in this paper.
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Naas C, Scheler U, Lappan U. Influence of pH on the Growth and the Local Dynamics of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Naas
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Scheler
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Lappan
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Adsorption Properties of Soft Hydrophobically Functionalized PSS/MA Polyelectrolytes. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids5010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the adsorption properties of the newly synthesized, hydrophobically functionalized polyelectrolyte (HF-PE), poly(4-styrenesulfonic-co-maleic acid) copolymer (PSS/MA). The hydrophobic alkyl side chains (C12 or C16) were incorporated into the polyelectrolyte backbone via the labile amid linker to obtain the soft HF-PE product with the assumed amount of 15% and 40% degree of grafting for every length of the alkyl chain, i.e., PSS/MA-g-C12NH2 (15% or 40%) as well as PSS/MA-g-C16NH2 (15% or 40%). In the present contribution, we determined both the effect of grafting density and the length of alkyl chain on adsorption at water/air and water/decane interfaces, as well as on top of the polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) deposited on a solid surface. The dependence of the interfacial tension on copolymer concentration was investigated by the pendant drop method, while the adsorption at solid surface coated by poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)/poly(styrene sulphonate) PEM by the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and contact angle analysis. We found that surface activity of the hydrophobized copolymer was practically independent of the grafting ratio for C16 side chains, whereas, for C12, the copolymer with a lower grafting ratio seemed to be more surface active. The results of QCM-D and FTIR-ATR experiments confirmed the adsorption of hydrophobized copolymer at PEM along with the modification of water structure at the interface. Finally, it can be concluded that the hydrophobically modified PSS/MA can be successfully applied either as the efficacious emulsifier for the formation of (nano)emulsions for further active substances encapsulation using the sequential adsorption method or as one of the convenient building blocks for the surface modification materials.
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Dos Santos de Macedo B, de Almeida T, da Costa Cruz R, Netto ADP, da Silva L, Berret JF, Vitorazi L. Effect of pH on the Complex Coacervation and on the Formation of Layers of Sodium Alginate and PDADMAC. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2510-2523. [PMID: 32050754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the thermodynamic features of a system based on oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, sodium alginate, and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) at different pH values. Additionally, a comparison of the effects of the thermodynamic parameters on the growth of the layers based on the same polymers is presented. For this investigation, different techniques were combined to compare results from the association in solution and coassembled layers at the silicon surface. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) were used for studies in solution, and the layer-by-layer technique was employed for the preparation of the polymer layers. Ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the layer thickness growth as a function of the solution pH, and interferometric confocal microscopy was employed to analyze the topography and roughness of the films. The titration of both polyelectrolytes in two different sequences of additions confirmed the mechanism; it involved a two-step process that was monitored by varying the enthalpy, as determined by ITC experiments, and the structural evolution of the aggregates into coacervates, according to DLS. The primary process is aggregation to form polyelectrolyte complexes having a smaller hydrodynamic diameter, which abruptly transit toward a secondary process because of the formation of coacervate particles that have a larger hydrodynamic diameter. Independent of pH and the sequence of addition, for the first process, both directions are entropically driven. However, the binding enthalpy (ΔHb) decreased with a decrease in the pH of the solution. The layers grown for the PDADMAC/sodium alginate system demonstrated pH sensitivity with either linear or exponential behavior, depending on the pH values of the polyelectrolyte solutions. The more endothermic process at pH 10 afforded layers with a smaller thickness and with linear growth according to the increase in the number of layers from 5 to 20. Decreases in the pH of the solution resulted in the layers growing exponentially; additionally, a decrease in the ΔHb of the association in the solution was observed. The layer thicknesses measured using ellipsometry and AFM data were in good agreement. Additionally, the influence of pH on the roughness and topography of the films was observed. Films from basic dipping solutions resulted in surfaces that were more homogeneous with less roughness; in contrast, films with more layers and those formed in a low-pH dipping solution were rougher and less homogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Dos Santos de Macedo
- Laboratório de Quı́mica Analı́tica Fundamental e Aplicada, Instituto de Quı́mica - Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Niterói, RJ CEP 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Tamiris de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Metalúrgica, EEIMVR, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Avenida dos Trabalhadores, 420, Volta Redonda RJ CEP 27225-125, Brazil
| | | | - Annibal Duarte Pereira Netto
- Laboratório de Quı́mica Analı́tica Fundamental e Aplicada, Instituto de Quı́mica - Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Niterói, RJ CEP 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Ladário da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Metalúrgica, EEIMVR, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Avenida dos Trabalhadores, 420, Volta Redonda RJ CEP 27225-125, Brazil
- Laboratório Multiusuários de Caracterização de Materiais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas - Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Des. Ellis Hermydio Figueira, 783, Volta Redonda RJ CEP 27213-145, Brazil
| | - Jean-François Berret
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 CNRS Université Denis Diderot Paris-VII, Bâtiment Condorcet, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Letícia Vitorazi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Metalúrgica, EEIMVR, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Avenida dos Trabalhadores, 420, Volta Redonda RJ CEP 27225-125, Brazil
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Dang HT, Tarabara VV. Virus deposition onto polyelectrolyte-coated surfaces: A study with bacteriophage MS2. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 540:155-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang R, Duan X, Ding M, Shi T. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Salt Diffusion in Polyelectrolyte Assemblies. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:6656-6665. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022 Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022 Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022 Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Tongfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022 Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
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Elżbieciak-Wodka M, Kolasińska-Sojka M, Warszyński P. Effect of mono- and divalent ions on the formation and permeability of polyelectrolyte multilayer films. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Polomska A, Leroux JC, Brambilla D. Layer-by-Layer Coating of Solid Drug Cores: A Versatile Method to Improve Stability, Control Release and Tune Surface Properties. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Polomska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ); Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ); Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Davide Brambilla
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ); Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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Nanostructured multilayer polyelectrolyte films with silver nanoparticles as antibacterial coatings. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 137:158-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Graphene-polyelectrolyte multilayer film formation driven by hydrogen bonding. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 456:32-41. [PMID: 26092114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A method for preparing hydrogen bonded multilayer thin films comprised of layer pairs of surfactant stabilized graphene and an anionic polyelectrolyte is described. The films were constructed at low pH using the Layer-By-Layer (LbL) technique, where the adsorption of the cationic polyelectrolyte, polyethyleneimine (PEI) is followed by the sequential alternating adsorption of the anionic polyelectrolyte, polyacrylic acid (PAA) and anionic graphene sheets modified with Pluronic® F108, a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide (PEO-PPO-PEO) surfactant. Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) measurements indicate that film formation was driven by hydrogen bonding between the carboxylic acid group of the PAA and ethylene oxide unit present in the surfactant. QCM measurements and Raman spectra showed evidence of non-linear and linear growth at low and high numbers of adsorbed layers respectively, suggesting overall superlinear film growth. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping (QNM) measurements of the films indicated that the reduced Young's Modulus of the films decreased with increasing numbers of adsorbed layers, reaching a bulk value of 6.07-32.3 MPa for samples with greater than 300 layers of surfactant stabilized graphene and PAA. The films were also shown to deteriorate partially with aqueous solutions at neutral and basic pH. The thin films exhibited features advantageous for use in coatings, such as pH responsiveness in addition to different mechanical properties, surface roughness, and internal structures based on the number of layers adsorbed.
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