1
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Banchelli M, Tombelli S, de Angelis M, D'Andrea C, Trono C, Baldini F, Giannetti A, Matteini P. Molecular beacon decorated silver nanowires for quantitative miRNA detection by a SERS approach. Anal Methods 2023; 15:6165-6176. [PMID: 37961002 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01661g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Advantages of biosensors based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) rely on improved sensitivity and specificity, and suited reproducibility in detecting a target molecule that is localized in close proximity to a SERS-active surface. Herein, a comprehensive study on the realization of a SERS biosensor designed for detecting miRNA-183, a miRNA biomarker that is specific for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is presented. The used strategy exploits a signal-off mechanism by means of a labelled molecular beacon (MB) as the oligonucleotide biorecognition element immobilized on a 2D SERS substrate, based on spot-on silver nanowires (AgNWs) and a multi-well low volume cell. The MB was properly designed by following a dedicated protocol to recognize the chosen miRNA. A limit of detection down to femtomolar concentration (3 × 10-16 M) was achieved and the specificity of the biosensor was proved. Furthermore, the possibility to regenerate the sensing system through a simple procedure is shown: with regeneration by using HCl 1 mM, two detection cycles were performed with a good recovery of the initial MB signal (83%) and a reproducible signal after hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Banchelli
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata Nello Carrara - CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto F.no (FI), Italy.
| | - Sara Tombelli
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata Nello Carrara - CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto F.no (FI), Italy.
| | - Marella de Angelis
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata Nello Carrara - CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto F.no (FI), Italy.
| | - Cristiano D'Andrea
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata Nello Carrara - CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto F.no (FI), Italy.
| | - Cosimo Trono
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata Nello Carrara - CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto F.no (FI), Italy.
| | - Francesco Baldini
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata Nello Carrara - CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto F.no (FI), Italy.
| | - Ambra Giannetti
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata Nello Carrara - CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto F.no (FI), Italy.
| | - Paolo Matteini
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata Nello Carrara - CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto F.no (FI), Italy.
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Dey TK, Trono C, Biswas P, Giannetti A, Basumallick N, Baldini F, Bandyopadhyay S, Tombelli S. Biosensing by Polymer-Coated Etched Long-Period Fiber Gratings Working near Mode Transition and Turn-around Point. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:731. [PMID: 37504129 PMCID: PMC10377345 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
A methodology to enhance the sensitivity of long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) based on the combination of three different enhancement approaches is presented; the methods here adopted are the working near mode transition (MT) of a cladding mode (CM), working near the turn-around point of a CM and the enhancement of the evanescent field of CMs by reducing the cladding diameter or by increasing the order number of CMs. In order to combine these enhancement methodologies, an electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) process was used to deposit a polymeric overlay, with a chosen thickness, onto the etched fiber. The add-layer sensitivity of the sensor was theoretically calculated, and the demonstration of the real applicability of the developed LPFG as a biosensor was performed by means of an IgG/anti-IgG immunoassay in human serum in a thermostated microfluidic system. The limits of detection (LODs) calculated by following different procedures (three times the standard deviation of the blank and the mean value of the residuals) were 6.9 × 10-8 µg/mL and 4.5 × 10-6 µg/mL, respectively. The calculated LODs demonstrate the effectiveness of the applied methodology for sensitivity enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanoy Kumar Dey
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI, 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Cosimo Trono
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara", CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Palas Biswas
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI, 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ambra Giannetti
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara", CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Nandini Basumallick
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI, 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Francesco Baldini
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara", CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Somnath Bandyopadhyay
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI, 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sara Tombelli
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara", CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Dey TK, Tombelli S, Roy A, Biswas P, Giannetti A, Basumallick N, Baldini F, Bandyopadhyay S, Trono C. Sensitivity Analysis of Sidelobes of the Lowest Order Cladding Mode of Long Period Fiber Gratings at Turn Around Point. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:2965. [PMID: 35458949 PMCID: PMC9028772 DOI: 10.3390/s22082965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A new methodology to enhance the sensitivity of a long period fiber grating sensor (LPFG) at the Turn Around Point (TAP) is here presented. The LPFG sensor has been fabricated by etching the fiber up to 20.4 µm, until the sidelobes of dispersed LP0,2 cladding mode appeared near TAP in aqueous medium. The dual peak sensitivity of the sidelobes was found to be 16,044 nm/SRIU (surrounding refractive index units) in the RI range from 1.333 to 1.3335.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanoy Kumar Dey
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI, 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India; (T.K.D.); (A.R.); (P.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Sara Tombelli
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.T.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Arpan Roy
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI, 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India; (T.K.D.); (A.R.); (P.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Palas Biswas
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI, 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India; (T.K.D.); (A.R.); (P.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Ambra Giannetti
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.T.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Nandini Basumallick
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI, 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India; (T.K.D.); (A.R.); (P.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Francesco Baldini
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.T.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Somnath Bandyopadhyay
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI, 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India; (T.K.D.); (A.R.); (P.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Cosimo Trono
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.T.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
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Tombelli S, Trono C, Berneschi S, Berrettoni C, Giannetti A, Bernini R, Persichetti G, Testa G, Orellana G, Salis F, Weber S, Luppa PB, Porro G, Quarto G, Schubert M, Berner M, Freitas PP, Cardoso S, Franco F, Silverio V, Lopez-Martinez M, Hilbig U, Freudenberger K, Gauglitz G, Becker H, Gärtner C, O'Connell MT, Baldini F. An integrated device for fast and sensitive immunosuppressant detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:3243-3255. [PMID: 34936009 PMCID: PMC8956524 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present paper describes a compact point of care (POC) optical device for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). The core of the device is a disposable plastic chip where an immunoassay for the determination of immunosuppressants takes place. The chip is designed in order to have ten parallel microchannels allowing the simultaneous detection of more than one analyte with replicate measurements. The device is equipped with a microfluidic system, which provides sample mixing with the necessary chemicals and pumping samples, reagents and buffers into the measurement chip, and with integrated thin film amorphous silicon photodiodes for the fluorescence detection. Submicrometric fluorescent magnetic particles are used as support in the immunoassay in order to improve the efficiency of the assay. In particular, the magnetic feature is used to concentrate the antibody onto the sensing layer leading to a much faster implementation of the assay, while the fluorescent feature is used to increase the optical signal leading to a larger optical dynamic change and consequently a better sensitivity and a lower limit of detection. The design and development of the whole integrated optical device are here illustrated. In addition, detection of mycophenolic acid and cyclosporine A in spiked solutions and in microdialysate samples from patient blood with the implemented device are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tombelli
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Cosimo Trono
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Simone Berneschi
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Chiara Berrettoni
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Ambra Giannetti
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Romeo Bernini
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, CNR-IREA, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianluca Persichetti
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, CNR-IREA, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124, Napoli, Italy
| | - Genni Testa
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, CNR-IREA, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124, Napoli, Italy
| | - Guillermo Orellana
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Salis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susanne Weber
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 8000, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter B Luppa
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 8000, Munich, Germany
| | - Giampiero Porro
- Datamed Srl, Via Grandi 4/6, 20068 - Peschiera Borromeo, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Quarto
- Datamed Srl, Via Grandi 4/6, 20068 - Peschiera Borromeo, Milan, Italy
| | - Markus Schubert
- Institute for Photovoltaics and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marcel Berner
- Innovative Pyrotechnik GmbH, Steinwerkstraße 2, 71139, Ehningen, Germany
| | - Paulo P Freitas
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, R.Alves Redol 9, 1000-027, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Cardoso
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, R.Alves Redol 9, 1000-027, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Franco
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, R.Alves Redol 9, 1000-027, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vânia Silverio
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, R.Alves Redol 9, 1000-027, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Lopez-Martinez
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, R.Alves Redol 9, 1000-027, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Urs Hilbig
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Freudenberger
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Günter Gauglitz
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger Becker
- microfluidic ChipShop GmbH, Stockholmer Str. 20, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia Gärtner
- microfluidic ChipShop GmbH, Stockholmer Str. 20, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Mark T O'Connell
- Cornel Medical Limited, 17 Church Walk, St Neots, Cambridgeshire, PE19 1JH, UK
| | - Francesco Baldini
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Weber S, Tombelli S, Giannetti A, Trono C, O'Connell M, Wen M, Descalzo AB, Bittersohl H, Bietenbeck A, Marquet P, Renders L, Orellana G, Baldini F, Luppa PB. Immunosuppressant quantification in intravenous microdialysate - towards novel quasi-continuous therapeutic drug monitoring in transplanted patients. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 59:935-945. [PMID: 33554521 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) plays a crucial role in personalized medicine. It helps clinicians to tailor drug dosage for optimized therapy through understanding the underlying complex pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Conventional, non-continuous TDM fails to provide real-time information, which is particularly important for the initial phase of immunosuppressant therapy, e.g., with cyclosporine (CsA) and mycophenolic acid (MPA). METHODS We analyzed the time course over 8 h of total and free of immunosuppressive drug (CsA and MPA) concentrations measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in 16 kidney transplant patients. Besides repeated blood sampling, intravenous microdialysis was used for continuous sampling. Free drug concentrations were determined from ultracentrifuged EDTA-plasma (UC) and compared with the drug concentrations in the respective microdialysate (µD). µDs were additionally analyzed for free CsA using a novel immunosensor chip integrated into a fluorescence detection platform. The potential of microdialysis coupled with an optical immunosensor for the TDM of immunosuppressants was assessed. RESULTS Using LC-MS/MS, the free concentrations of CsA (fCsA) and MPA (fMPA) were detectable and the time courses of total and free CsA comparable. fCsA and fMPA and area-under-the-curves (AUCs) in µDs correlated well with those determined in UCs (r≥0.79 and r≥0.88, respectively). Moreover, fCsA in µDs measured with the immunosensor correlated clearly with those determined by LC-MS/MS (r=0.82). CONCLUSIONS The new microdialysis-supported immunosensor allows real-time analysis of immunosuppressants and tailor-made dosing according to the AUC concept. It readily lends itself to future applications as minimally invasive and continuous near-patient TDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Weber
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Tombelli
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Ambra Giannetti
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Cosimo Trono
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | | | - Ming Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana B Descalzo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Heike Bittersohl
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Bietenbeck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Pierre Marquet
- U1248 IPPRITT, INSERM, University of Limoges, Limoges, CHU Limoges, France
| | - Lutz Renders
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Guillermo Orellana
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Baldini
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Peter B Luppa
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Trono C, Valeri F, Baldini F. Discretized superimposed optical fiber long-period gratings. Opt Lett 2020; 45:807-810. [PMID: 32058475 DOI: 10.1364/ol.382325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel technique, to the best of our knowledge, for the inscription of superimposed long-period gratings with arbitrary grating pitches is proposed and experimentally validated. The technique is based on the discretization of an ideal continuous sinusoidal refractive index (RI) pattern with a step function. The RI variation is induced by means of the irradiation of a photosensitive fiber with a 248 nm UV laser beam. The nonlinear relation between the induced RI change and the UV fluence was experimentally derived. Two superimposed long-period grating (LPGs) with different grating pitches have been realized with the discretization technique; the transmission spectrum was compared with that of two superimposed LPGs obtained with the traditional square wave RI modulation. The validity of the proposed technique was demonstrated by the better spectral characteristics of the discretized superimposed LPGs.
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Chiavaioli F, Zubiate P, Del Villar I, Zamarreño CR, Giannetti A, Tombelli S, Trono C, Arregui FJ, Matias IR, Baldini F. Femtomolar Detection by Nanocoated Fiber Label-Free Biosensors. ACS Sens 2018; 3:936-943. [PMID: 29726679 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The advent of optical fiber-based biosensors combined with that of nanotechnologies has provided an opportunity for developing in situ, portable, lightweight, versatile, and high-performance optical sensing platforms. We report on the generation of lossy mode resonances by the deposition of nanometer-thick metal oxide films on optical fibers, which makes it possible to measure precisely and accurately the changes in optical properties of the fiber-surrounding medium with very high sensitivity compared to other technology platforms, such as long period gratings or surface plasmon resonances, the gold standard in label-free and real-time biomolecular interaction analysis. This property, combined with the application of specialty structures such as D-shaped fibers, permits enhancing the light-matter interaction. SEM and TEM imaging together with X-EDS tool have been utilized to characterize the two films used, i.e., indium tin oxide and tin dioxide. Moreover, the experimental transmission spectra obtained after the deposition of the nanocoatings have been numerically corroborated by means of wave propagation methods. With the use of a conventional wavelength interrogation system and ad hoc developed microfluidics, the shift of the lossy mode resonance can be reliably recorded in response to very low analyte concentrations. Repeated experiments confirm a big leap in performance thanks to the capability to detect femtomolar concentrations in human serum, improving the detection limit by 3 orders of magnitude when compared with other fiber-based configurations. The biosensor has been regenerated several times by injecting sodium dodecyl sulfate, which proves the capability of sensor to be reused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Chiavaioli
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara” (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Ambra Giannetti
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara” (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sara Tombelli
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara” (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Cosimo Trono
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara” (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Baldini
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara” (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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Dessì A, Monai M, Bessi M, Montini T, Calamante M, Mordini A, Reginato G, Trono C, Fornasiero P, Zani L. Towards Sustainable H 2 Production: Rational Design of Hydrophobic Triphenylamine-based Dyes for Sensitized Ethanol Photoreforming. ChemSusChem 2018; 11:793-805. [PMID: 29227040 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor dyes are a well-established class of photosensitizers, used to enhance visible-light harvesting in solar cells and in direct photocatalytic reactions, such as H2 production by photoreforming of sacrificial electron donors (SEDs). Amines-typically triethanolamine (TEOA)-are commonly employed as SEDs in such reactions. Dye-sensitized photoreforming of more sustainable, biomass-derived alcohols, on the other hand, was only recently reported by using methanol as the electron donor. In this work, several rationally designed donor-acceptor dyes were used as sensitizers in H2 photocatalytic production, comparing the efficiency of TEOA and EtOH as SEDs. In particular, the effect of hydrophobic chains in the spacer and/or the donor unit of the dyes was systematically studied. The H2 production rates were higher when TEOA was used as SED, whereas the activity trends depended on the SED used. The best performance was obtained with TEOA by using a sensitizer with just one bulky hydrophobic moiety, propylenedioxythiophene, placed on the spacer unit. In the case of EtOH, the best-performing sensitizers were the ones featuring a thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole internal unit, needed for enhancing light harvesting, and carrying alkyl chains on both the donor part and the spacer unit. The results are discussed in terms of reaction mechanism, interaction with the SED, and structural/electrochemical properties of the sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Dessì
- Institute for the Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Matteo Monai
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Bessi
- Institute for the Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Tiziano Montini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Massimo Calamante
- Institute for the Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mordini
- Institute for the Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gianna Reginato
- Institute for the Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Cosimo Trono
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara" (IFAC-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zani
- Institute for the Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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9
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Bandyopadhyay S, Biswas P, Chiavaioli F, Dey TK, Basumallick N, Trono C, Giannetti A, Tombelli S, Baldini F, Bandyopadhyay S. Long-period fiber grating: a specific design for biosensing applications. Appl Opt 2017; 56:9846-9853. [PMID: 29240135 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.009846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a detailed investigation on the modeling of long-period fiber grating (LPFG) sensors is discussed with the aim of providing a more realistic solution for their use in biosensing. Add-layer sensitivity, i.e., sensitivity of the sensor to an additional layer adhered onto the fiber surface, is quantified and a clear and complete analysis about the influence of the average thickness of the deposited biological sensing layers, as well as the change in refractive index of these layers, on the resonant wavelength of the cladding modes of an LPFG is provided. Add-layer sensitivity of LPFG sensors close to mode transition (MT) and also at turn-around point (TAP) are taken into account. Adsorbed layer thicknesses, as estimated from measured wavelength shifts of the LPFG, are found to have a good match with the values obtained through other measurement techniques.
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Giannetti A, Adinolfi B, Berneschi S, Berrettoni C, Chiavaioli F, Tombelli S, Trono C, Baldini F. Optical sensing in POCT: the contribution of the Institute of Applied Physics of the Italian CNR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/labmed-2017-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe activity developed at the Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara” in strict collaboration with physicians is described with particular attention to the measurement of bile-containing refluxes in the gastroesophageal apparatus, to the detection of gastric carbon dioxide in intensive care patients, to the measurement of sepsis biomarkers in serum samples and to the measurements of immunosuppressants in transplanted patients.
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Abstract
Complex optical networks containing one or more gain sections are investigated, and the evidence of lasing action is reported; the emission spectrum reflects the topological disorder induced by the connections. A theoretical description compares well with the measurements, mapping the networks to directed graphs and showing the analogies with the problem of quantum chaos on graphs. We show that the interplay of chaotic diffusion and amplification leads to an emission statistic with characteristic heavy tails: for different topologies, an unprecedented experimental demonstration of Lévy statistics expected for random lasers is here provided for a continuous-wave pumped system. This result is also supported by a Monte Carlo simulation based on the ray random walk on the graph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lepri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Via Madonna del Piano 10 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Cosimo Trono
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisica Applicata Nello Carrara, Via Madonna del Piano 10 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Giacomelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Via Madonna del Piano 10 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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12
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Aray A, Chiavaioli F, Arjmand M, Trono C, Tombelli S, Giannetti A, Cennamo N, Soltanolkotabi M, Zeni L, Baldini F. SPR-based plastic optical fibre biosensor for the detection of C-reactive protein in serum. J Biophotonics 2016; 9:1077-1084. [PMID: 27089540 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A plastic optical fibre biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance for the detection of C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum is proposed. The biosensor was integrated into a home-made thermo-stabilized microfluidic system that allows avoiding any thermal and/or mechanical fluctuation and maintaining the best stable conditions during the measurements. A working range of 0.006-70 mg L-1 and a limit of detection of 0.009 mg L-1 were achieved. These results are among the best compared to other SPR-based biosensors for CRP detection, especially considering that they were achieved in a real and complex medium, i.e. serum. In addition, since the sensor performances satisfy those requested in physiologically-relevant clinical applications, the whole biosensing platform could well address high sensitive, easy to realize, real-time, label-free, portable and low cost diagnosis of CRP for future lab-on-a-chip applications. 3D sketch (left) of the thermo-stabilized home-made flow cell developed to house the SPR-based plastic optical fibre biosensor. Exemplary response curve (shift of the SPR wavelength versus time) of the proposed biosensor (right) for the detection of C-reactive protein in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Aray
- Quantum Optics Group, Department of Physics, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jarib street, 98311, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Francesco Chiavaioli
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Mojtaba Arjmand
- Quantum Optics Group, Department of Physics, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jarib street, 98311, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Cosimo Trono
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Sara Tombelli
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Ambra Giannetti
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Nunzio Cennamo
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Second University of Naples, Via Roma 29, 81031, Aversa, Italy
| | - Mahmood Soltanolkotabi
- Quantum Optics Group, Department of Physics, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jarib street, 98311, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Luigi Zeni
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Second University of Naples, Via Roma 29, 81031, Aversa, Italy
| | - Francesco Baldini
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Arjmand M, Chiavaioli F, Berneschi S, Baldini F, Soltanolkotabi M, Trono C. Effect of induced inner curvature on refractive index sensitivity in internally tilted long-period gratings. Opt Lett 2016; 41:1443-1446. [PMID: 27192257 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.001443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new complete analysis of the effect of induced inner curvature on refractive index (RI) sensitivity in internally tilted long-period gratings (ITLPGs) is presented. The responses in terms of RI sensitivity of a standard LPG and different ITLPGs with curvature values between 15 and 19 m-1 were compared. The analysis suggests first, that the larger the induced curvature, the greater the RI sensitivity; and second, that the RI sensitivity exponentially increases with both the curvature and cladding mode order. RI sensitivity greater than 100 nm RIU-1 can be attained with curvature greater than 25 m-1 for LP06 mode. Conversely, the temperature sensitivity of ITLPGs is comparable to standard LPGs for the considered cladding mode order.
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Cennamo N, Chiavaioli F, Trono C, Tombelli S, Giannetti A, Baldini F, Zeni L. A Complete Optical Sensor System Based on a POF-SPR Platform and a Thermo-Stabilized Flow Cell for Biochemical Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2016; 16:196. [PMID: 26861328 PMCID: PMC4801573 DOI: 10.3390/s16020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An optical sensor platform based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in a plastic optical fiber (POF) integrated into a thermo-stabilized flow cell for biochemical sensing applications is proposed. This device has been realized and experimentally tested by using a classic receptor-analyte assay. For this purpose, the gold surface of the POF was chemically modified through the formation of a self-assembling monolayer. The surface robustness of the POF-SPR platform has been tested for the first time thanks to the flow cell. The experimental results show that the proposed device can be successfully used for label-free biochemical sensing. The final goal of this work is to achieve a complete, small-size, simple to use and low cost optical sensor system. The whole system with the flow cell and the optical sensor are extensively described, together with the experimental results obtained with an immunoglobulin G (IgG)/anti-IgG assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Cennamo
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Second University of Naples, Via Roma 29, Aversa 81031, Italy.
| | - Francesco Chiavaioli
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy.
| | - Cosimo Trono
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy.
| | - Sara Tombelli
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy.
| | - Ambra Giannetti
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy.
| | - Francesco Baldini
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy.
| | - Luigi Zeni
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Second University of Naples, Via Roma 29, Aversa 81031, Italy.
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Chiavaioli F, Biswas P, Trono C, Jana S, Bandyopadhyay S, Basumallick N, Giannetti A, Tombelli S, Bera S, Mallick A, Baldini F. Sol-Gel-Based Titania-Silica Thin Film Overlay for Long Period Fiber Grating-Based Biosensors. Anal Chem 2015; 87:12024-31. [PMID: 26548589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An evanescent wave optical fiber biosensor based on titania-silica-coated long period grating (LPG) is presented. The chemical overlay, which increases the refractive index (RI) sensitivity of the sensor, consists of a sol-gel-based titania-silica thin film, deposited along the sensing portion of the fiber by means of the dip-coating technique. Changing both the sol viscosity and the withdrawal speed during the dip-coating made it possible to adjust the thickness of the film overlay, which is a crucial parameter for the sensor performance. After the functionalization of the fiber surface using a methacrylic acid/methacrylate copolymer, an antibody/antigen (IgG/anti-IgG) assay was carried out to assess the performance of sol-gel based titania-silica-coated LPGs as biosensors. The analyte concentration was determined from the wavelength shift at the end of the binding process and from the initial binding rate. This is the first time that a sol-gel based titania-silica-coated LPG is proposed as an effective and feasible label-free biosensor. The specificity of the sensor was validated by performing the same model assay after spiking anti-IgG into human serum. With this structured LPG, detection limits of the order of tens of micrograms per liter (10(-11) M) are attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Chiavaioli
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", CNR-IFAC , Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Palas Biswas
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI , 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Cosimo Trono
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", CNR-IFAC , Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sunirmal Jana
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI , 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Somnath Bandyopadhyay
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI , 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nandini Basumallick
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI , 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ambra Giannetti
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", CNR-IFAC , Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sara Tombelli
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", CNR-IFAC , Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Susanta Bera
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI , 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Aparajita Mallick
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI , 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Francesco Baldini
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", CNR-IFAC , Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Farnesi D, Chiavaioli F, Baldini F, Righini GC, Soria S, Trono C, Conti GN. Quasi-distributed and wavelength selective addressing of optical micro-resonators based on long period fiber gratings. Opt Express 2015; 23:21175-21180. [PMID: 26367967 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.021175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel all-in-fiber method for coupling light to high-Q silica whispering gallery mode (WGM) optical micro-resonators is presented, which is based on a pair of long period fiber gratings (LPGs) written in the same silica fiber, along with a thick fiber taper (15-18 μm in waist) in between the LPGs. The proposed coupling structure is robust and can be replicated many times along the same fiber simply cascading LPGs with different bands. Typical Q-factors of the order of 10(8) and total coupling efficiency up to 60% were measured collecting the resonances of microspheres or microbubbles at the fiber end. This approach uniquely allows quasi-distributed and wavelength selective addressing of different micro-resonators along the same fiber.
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Tuci G, Luconi L, Rossin A, Baldini F, Cicchi S, Tombelli S, Trono C, Giannetti A, Manet I, Fedeli S, Brandi A, Giambastiani G. Cover Picture: A Hetero-Bifunctional Spacer for the Smart Engineering of Carbon-Based Nanostructures (ChemPlusChem 4/2015). Chempluschem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201500036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Tuci G, Luconi L, Rossin A, Baldini F, Cicchi S, Tombelli S, Trono C, Giannetti A, Manet I, Fedeli S, Brandi A, Giambastiani G. A Hetero-Bifunctional Spacer for the Smart Engineering of Carbon-Based Nanostructures. Chempluschem 2015; 80:636. [PMID: 31973433 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201500037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Invited for this month's cover are collaborators from four different Italian research groups, three at the National Research Council (ICCOM, IFAC, and ISOF) and one at the University of Florence. The cover picture shows a representative cartoon of engineered 1D carbon nanomaterials and their effective surface decoration with (bio)molecules and fluorescent markers. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201402391.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tuci
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence (Italy), Fax: (+39) 055-5225203
| | - Lapo Luconi
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence (Italy), Fax: (+39) 055-5225203
| | - Andrea Rossin
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence (Italy), Fax: (+39) 055-5225203
| | - Francesco Baldini
- Institute of Applied Physics, IFAC-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto F.no (Florence) (Italy)
| | - Stefano Cicchi
- Chemistry Department, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence (Italy)
| | - Sara Tombelli
- Institute of Applied Physics, IFAC-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto F.no (Florence) (Italy)
| | - Cosimo Trono
- Institute of Applied Physics, IFAC-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto F.no (Florence) (Italy)
| | - Ambra Giannetti
- Institute of Applied Physics, IFAC-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto F.no (Florence) (Italy)
| | - Ilse Manet
- Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna (Italy)
| | - Stefano Fedeli
- Chemistry Department, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence (Italy)
| | - Alberto Brandi
- Chemistry Department, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence (Italy)
| | - Giuliano Giambastiani
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence (Italy), Fax: (+39) 055-5225203.,Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan (Russian Federation)
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Tuci G, Luconi L, Rossin A, Baldini F, Cicchi S, Tombelli S, Trono C, Giannetti A, Manet I, Fedeli S, Brandi A, Giambastiani G. A Hetero-Bifunctional Spacer for the Smart Engineering of Carbon-Based Nanostructures. Chempluschem 2015; 80:704-714. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Berrettoni C, Trono C, Tombelli S, Giannetti A, Berneschi S, Baldini F, Grimaldi IA, Persichetti G, Testa G, Bernini R, Porro G, Gärtner C. A Point-of-Care Device for Immunosuppressants Monitoring in Transplanted Patients. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09617-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Farnesi D, Chiavaioli F, Righini GC, Soria S, Trono C, Jorge P, Conti GN. Long period grating-based fiber coupler to whispering gallery mode resonators. Opt Lett 2014; 39:6525-6528. [PMID: 25490510 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.006525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a new method for coupling light to high-Q silica whispering gallery mode resonators (WGMs) that is based on long period fiber gratings (LPGs) written in silica fibers. An LPG allows selective excitation of high-order azimuthally symmetric cladding modes in a fiber. Coupling of these cladding modes to WGMs in silica resonators is possible when partial tapering of the fiber is also implemented in order to reduce the optical field size and increase its external evanescent portion. Importantly, the taper size is about one order of magnitude larger than that of a standard fiber taper coupler. The suggested approach is therefore much more robust and useful especially for practical applications. We demonstrate coupling to high-Q silica microspheres and microbubbles detecting the transmission dip at the fiber output when crossing a resonance. An additional feature of this approach is that by cascading LPGs with different periods, a wavelength selective addressing of different resonators along the same fiber is also possible.
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Farnesi D, Cosi F, Trono C, Righini GC, Conti GN, Soria S. Stimulated anti-Stokes Raman scattering resonantly enhanced in silica microspheres. Opt Lett 2014; 39:5993-5996. [PMID: 25361138 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.005993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Efficient stimulated anti-Stokes Raman scattering has been observed in silica microspherical resonators pumped by CW laser. This process is observed in the normal dispersion regime. The lack of correlation between stimulated anti-Stokes and Stokes scattering spectra indicates that the signal has to be resonant with the cavity.
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Chiavaioli F, Trono C, Giannetti A, Brenci M, Baldini F. Characterisation of a label-free biosensor based on long period grating. J Biophotonics 2014; 7:312-322. [PMID: 23125124 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Optical fibre gratings, especially long period gratings, have been recently proposed as optical devices for biochemical sensing. A biochemical interaction along the grating portion induces a refractive index change and hence a change in the fiber transmission spectrum. This provides an alternative methodology with respect to other label-free optical approaches, such as surface plasmon resonance, interferometric configurations and optical resonators. The fibre biofunctionalization has been carried out by means of a novel chemistry using Eudragit L100 copolymer as opposed to the commonly used silanization procedure. Antigen-antibody interaction has been analysed by means of an IgG/anti-IgG bioassay. The biosensor was fully characterised, monitoring the kinetics during the antibody immobilization and the antigen interaction and achieving the calibration curve of the assay. A comparison of the biosensor performance was made by using two different long period gratings with distinct periods.
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Berrettoni C, Berneschi S, Bernini R, Giannetti A, Grimaldi I, Persichetti G, Testa G, Tombelli S, Trono C, Baldini F. Optical Monitoring of Therapeutic Drugs with a Novel Fluorescence- Based POCT Device. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Surdo S, Merlo S, Carpignano F, Strambini LM, Trono C, Giannetti A, Baldini F, Barillaro G. Optofluidic microsystems with integrated vertical one-dimensional photonic crystals for chemical analysis. Lab Chip 2012; 12:4403-15. [PMID: 22930245 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40613f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report all-silicon, integrated optofluidic microsystems (OFMs) fabricated by electrochemical micromachining (ECM) technology, in which high aspect-ratio (HAR) photonic crystal (PhC) devices (i.e. micromirrors, optical cavities) are integrated by one-etching-step, together with microfluidic reservoirs/channels, for the infiltration of liquids in the PhC air gaps, and with fiber grooves for alignment/positioning of readout optical fibers in front of the PhC, on the same silicon die. This has not previously been reported in the literature, and opens up new ground in, though not limited to, the optofluidics field, due to the low-cost and high-flexibility of the ECM technology that allows optofluidic microsystem fabrication to be performed in any lab. Optofluidic characterization of PhC-OFMs by both capillary-action and pressure-driven operations is carried out through the measurement of the reflectivity spectra of HAR-PhCs upon injection of liquids featuring different refractive index values in the HAR-PhC air gaps, by using readout optical fibers positioned in the on-chip fiber grooves. High sensitivity and good limit of detection of PhC-OFMs are obtained for both capillary-action and pressure-driven operations. A best sensitivity value of 670 nm/RIU and a worst-case limit of detection of the order of 10(-3) RIU are measured, the former being comparable to state-of-the-art integrated refractive index sensors and the latter being limited by constraints of the experimental setup. The proof of concept about the biosensing potential of PhC-OFMs is given by successfully carrying out a sandwich assay based on antigen-antibody interactions for the detection of the C-reactive protein (CRP) at a concentration value of 10 mg L(-1), which represents the boundary level between physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Surdo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione: Elettronica, Informatica, Telecomunicazioni, Università di Pisa, via G, Caruso 16, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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Pilla P, Trono C, Baldini F, Chiavaioli F, Giordano M, Cusano A. Giant sensitivity of long period gratings in transition mode near the dispersion turning point: an integrated design approach. Opt Lett 2012; 37:4152-4154. [PMID: 23027309 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.004152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report an original design approach based on the modal dispersion curves for the development of long period gratings in transition mode near the dispersion turning point exhibiting ultrahigh refractive index sensitivity. The theoretical model predicting a giant sensitivity of 9900 nm per refractive index unit in a watery environment was experimentally validated with a result of approximately 9100 nm per refractive index unit around an ambient index of 1.3469. This result places thin film coated LPGs as an alternative to other fiber-based technologies for high-performance chemical and biological sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Pilla
- Optoelectronics Division, Engineering Department, University of Sannio, C.so Garibaldi 107, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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Nunzi Conti G, Berneschi S, Barucci A, Cosi F, Soria S, Trono C. Fiber ring laser for intracavity sensing using a whispering-gallery-mode resonator. Opt Lett 2012; 37:2697-2699. [PMID: 22743499 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.002697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microresonators are used as optical transducers for sensing applications. The typical detection scheme is based on tracking the WGM resonance shift, by scanning with a tunable laser, when a change of the refractive index in the region probed by the WGM takes place. We propose a sensing approach based instead on monitoring the position of the laser line of a fiber ring laser having a WGM microsphere in its loop. We have demonstrated that the induced shift is the same for the ring laser line and for the microsphere resonance. The proposed method requires simpler, cheaper equipment and may also improve the sensor resolution because the ring laser line is much narrower than the microsphere WGM resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nunzi Conti
- CNR-IFAC, Institute of Applied Physics Nello Carrara, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
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Elisa L, Baldini F, Giannetti A, Trono C, Carofiglio T. Solid-supported Zn(ii) porphyrin tweezers as optical sensors for diamines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:3678-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c000954g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Baldini F, Bolzoni L, Giannetti A, Kess M, Krämer PM, Kremmer E, Porro G, Senesi F, Trono C. A new procalcitonin optical immunosensor for POCT applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:1183-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Abstract
Biomedicine is surely the area where the optical fibre sensors can play an important role. Thanks to their potential miniaturisation and their easy handling they are offering unique performances in invasive or minimally invasive applications. The immunity to electromagnetic interference and the absence of electrical contact make the optical fibres useful also in the case of non invasive applications for the setting of the interrogation optoelectronic unit in a safer location, keeping only the sensing element close to the patients bedside. As a matter of fact, there are many optical fibre sensors designed for biomedical applications and described in the literature, but the greater part of them stops at the prototype level, without entering the hospital. The clinical validation, which is the necessary step after the characterisation of the laboratory prototype, is often an insurmountable obstacle due to the requirements of compliance with the European Directives on Medical Devices or with the regulations of the Food and Drug Administration. The strategy followed for the clinical validation in the case of optical fibre sensors developed at the Institute of Applied Physics for the detection of bile-containing refluxes, gastric carbon dioxide and interstitial pH is described. An example for potential non-invasive applications in point of care testing is also given with a novel optical platform for the interrogation of optical biochips.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cosimo Trono
- Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy., Italy
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