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Tomac I, Adam V, Labuda J. Advanced chemically modified electrodes and platforms in food analysis and monitoring. Food Chem 2024; 460:140548. [PMID: 39096799 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors and electroanalytical techniques become emerging as effective and low-cost tools for rapid assessment of special parameters of the food quality. Chemically modified electrodes are developed to change properties and behaviour, particularly sensitivity and selectivity, of conventional electroanalytical sensors. Within this comprehensive review, novel trends in chemical modifiers material structure, electrodes construction and flow analysis platforms are described and evaluated. Numerous recent application examples for the detection of food specific analytes are presented in a form of table to stimulate further development in both, the basic research and commercial field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Tomac
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Generála Píky 1999/5, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Labuda
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinskeho 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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2
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Simião CG, Bettanin F, Honorio KM, Silva Junior GJ, Veiga TAM, de Oliveira HPM, Bertotti M, Valle EMA, Codognoto L. Glycosylated flavonoid kaempferitrin: Electroanalytical detection and the proposal of an oxidation mechanism supported by quantum chemical calculations. Talanta 2024; 278:126513. [PMID: 38970965 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the electrochemical behavior of the glycosylated flavonoid kaempferitrin was studied, and an electroanalytical methodology was developed for its determination in infusions of Bauhinia forficata using a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDD). The electrochemical behavior of the flavonoid was studied by cyclic voltammetry, and two irreversible oxidation peaks at 0.80 and 1.0 V vs Ag/AgCl were observed. The influence of the pH on the voltammograms was examined, and higher sensitivity was found at pH 7.0. The electrochemical process corresponding to peak 1 at 0.80 V is predominantly diffusion-controlled, as the study shows at varying scan rates. An analytical plot was obtained by square wave voltammetry at optimized experimental conditions (frequency = 100 s-1, amplitude = 90 mV, and step potential = 8 mV) in the concentration range from 3.4 μmol L-1 to 58 μmol L-1, with a linearity of 0.99. The limit of detection and limit of quantification values were 1.0 μmol L-1 and 3.4 μmol L-1, respectively. Three samples of Bauhinia forficata infusions (2 g of sample in 100 mL of water) were analyzed, and the KF values found were 5.0 × 10-4 mol L-1, 3.0 × 10-4 mol L-1, and 7.0 × 10-4 mol L-1, with recovery percentages of 98 %, 106 % and 94 %, respectively. Finally, experiments were performed with two other flavonoids (chrysin and apeginin) to compare and propose an electrochemical oxidation mechanism for kaempferitrin, which was supported by quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina G Simião
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, R. Professor Artur Riedel, 275, 09972-270, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bettanin
- School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, 03828-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kathia Maria Honorio
- School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, 03828-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto J Silva Junior
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, 05513-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago André M Veiga
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, R. Professor Artur Riedel, 275, 09972-270, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Hueder Paulo Moises de Oliveira
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauro Bertotti
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, 05513-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana Maíra Agostini Valle
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, R. Professor Artur Riedel, 275, 09972-270, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia Codognoto
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, R. Professor Artur Riedel, 275, 09972-270, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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López-Balladares O, Espinoza-Montero PJ, Fernández L. Electrochemical Evaluation of Cd, Cu, and Fe in Different Brands of Craft Beers from Quito, Ecuador. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112264. [PMID: 37297508 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of heavy metals in craft beers can endanger human health if the total metal content exceeds the exposure limits recommended by sanitary standards; in addition, they can cause damage to the quality of the beer. In this work, the concentration of Cd(II), Cu(II), and Fe(III) was determined in 13 brands of craft beer with the highest consumption in Quito, Ecuador, by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), using as boron-doped diamond (BDD) working electrode. The BDD electrode used has favorable morphological and electrochemical properties for the detection of metals such as Cd(II), Cu(II), and Fe(III). A granular morphology with microcrystals with an average size between 300 and 2000 nm could be verified for the BDD electrode using a scanning electron microscope. Double layer capacitance of the BDD electrode was 0.01412 μF cm-2, a relatively low value; Ipox/Ipred ratios were 0.99 for the potassium ferro-ferricyanide system in BDD, demonstrating that the redox process is quasi-reversible. The figures of merit for Cd(II), Cu(II), and Fe(III) were; DL of 6.31, 1.76, and 1.72 μg L-1; QL of 21.04, 5.87, and 5.72 μg L-1, repeatability of 1.06, 2.43, and 1.34%, reproducibility of 1.61, 2.94, and 1.83% and percentage of recovery of 98.18, 91.68, and 91.68%, respectively. It is concluded that the DPASV method on BDD has acceptable precision and accuracy for the quantification of Cd(II), Cu(II), and Fe(III), and it was verified that some beers did not comply with the permissible limits of food standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar López-Balladares
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito 170525, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador
| | | | - Lenys Fernández
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito 170525, Ecuador
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Wang H, Wang Y, Chai X, Guo F, Li Y, Shi J, Gai Z, Jiang X. Influence of boron doped level on the electrochemical behavior and seawater salinity detection of boron doped diamond film electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Bany Abdelnabi AA, Al Theeb N, Almomani MA, Ghanem H, Rosiwal SM. Effect of electrode parameters in the electro-production of reactive oxidizing species via boron-doped diamond under batch mode. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10830. [PMID: 36527295 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ozone and hydroxyl radicals (• OH) are powerful reactive oxidizing species (ROS) that are commonly utilized in water disinfection. The electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) is often used to generate such oxidants, whereas optimizing its experimental setup and electrode parameters plays a crucial role in its performance. This research aims to find the optimal setup for ROS generation process from tap water via the boron-doped diamond. The effect of electrode's active area, type of electrode substrates (mesh or sheet), type of mesh substrate (rolled and unrolled), and number of anodes and cathodes are examined. The results showed that the use of two long-rolled BDD/Nb meshes as anode and one long-rolled mesh as a cathode gives the optimal performance of electrolysis process at 15 V potential and 3 min. These results will provide a start for developing a cost accepted, health-safe, household disinfection device that reduces susceptibility to human life-threatening waterborne diseases. PRACTITIONER POINTS: This research aims to find the optimal setup for ROS generation process from tap water via the boron-doped diamond. The effect of electrode's parameters on the electro-production of ROS is examined. The best performance is achieved using rolled mesh electrodes. Two long-rolled BDD/Nb meshes as anode electrodes and one long-rolled mesh cathode electrode give the optimal electrolysis process performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Bany Abdelnabi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nader Al Theeb
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammed A Almomani
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hanadi Ghanem
- Chair of Metals Science and Technology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan M Rosiwal
- Chair of Metals Science and Technology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Sanches AM, C. Prete M, Matos R, Tarley CRT, Medeiros RA. Flow Injection Analysis System Coupled to Chronoamperometry and Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode for Determination of Synthetic Hormones 17α-Ethinylestradiol and Cyproterone Acetate. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2089677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline M. Sanches
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brasil
| | - Maiyara C. Prete
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brasil
| | - Roberto Matos
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brasil
| | - César R. Teixeira Tarley
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) de Bioanalítica, Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Química, Campinas, Brasil
| | - Roberta A. Medeiros
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brasil
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A simple and reliable electroanalytical method employing a disposable commercial electrode for simultaneous determination of lead(II) and mercury(II) in beer. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Krivenko A, Manzhos R, Kochergin V, Kotkin A, Pleskov Y, Krotova M, Ekimov E. Effect of plasma-assisted electrochemical treatment of the boron-doped synthetic diamond compact electrodes on the oxygen electroreduction kinetics. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Simple and rapid voltammetric method for the detection of the synthetic adulterant fluoxetine in weight loss products. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Freitas JM, Silva PR, Munoz RA, Richter EM. Fast and portable voltammetric method for the determination of the amphetamine adulterant ephedrine in natural over-the-counter weight-loss products. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sarakhman O, Švorc Ľ. A Review on Recent Advances in the Applications of Boron-Doped Diamond Electrochemical Sensors in Food Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:791-813. [PMID: 33028086 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1828028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The usage of boron-doped diamond (BDD) material has found to be very attractive in modern electroanalytical methods and received massive consideration as perspective electrochemical sensor due to its outstanding (electro)chemical properties. These generally known facilities include large potential window, low background currents, ability to withstand extreme potentials and strong tendency to resist fouling compared to conventional carbon-based electrodes. As evidence of superiority of this material, couple of reviews describing the overview of various applications of BDD electrodes in the field of analytical and material chemistry has been reported in scientific literature during last decade. However, herein proposed review predominantly focuses on the most recent developments (from 2009 to 2020) dealing with the application of BDD as an advanced and environmental-friendly sensor platform in food analysis. The main method characteristics of analysis of various organic food components with different chemical properties, including additives, flavor and aroma components, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and pesticides in food matrices are described in more details. The importance of BDD surface termination, presence of sp2 content and boron doping level on electrochemical sensing is discussed. Apart from this, a special attention is paid to the evaluation of main analytical characteristics of the BDD electrochemical sensor in single- and multi-analyte detection mode in food analysis. The recent achievements in the utilizing of BDD electrodes in amperometric detection coupled to flow injection analysis, batch injection analysis, and high-performance liquid chromatography are also commented. Moreover, actual trends in sample preparation techniques prior to electrochemical sensing in food analysis are referred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Sarakhman
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubomír Švorc
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Freitas JM, Wachter N, Rocha-Filho RC. Determination of bisphenol S, simultaneously to bisphenol A in different water matrices or solely in electrolyzed solutions, using a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode. Talanta 2020; 217:121041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Deposition of Boron-Doped Thin CVD Diamond Films from Methane-Triethyl Borate-Hydrogen Gas Mixture. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8060666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron-doped diamond is a promising semiconductor material that can be used as a sensor and in power electronics. Currently, researchers have obtained thin boron-doped diamond layers due to low film growth rates (2–10 μm/h), with polycrystalline diamond growth on the front and edge planes of thicker crystals, inhomogeneous properties in the growing crystal’s volume, and the presence of different structural defects. One way to reduce structural imperfection is the specification of optimal synthesis conditions, as well as surface etching, to remove diamond polycrystals. Etching can be carried out using various gas compositions, but this operation is conducted with the interruption of the diamond deposition process; therefore, inhomogeneity in the diamond structure appears. The solution to this problem is etching in the process of diamond deposition. To realize this in the present work, we used triethyl borate as a boron-containing substance in the process of boron-doped diamond chemical vapor deposition. Due to the oxygen atoms in the triethyl borate molecule, it became possible to carry out an experiment on simultaneous boron-doped diamond deposition and growing surface etching without the requirement of process interruption for other operations. As a result of the experiments, we obtain highly boron-doped monocrystalline diamond layers with a thickness of about 8 μm and a boron content of 2.9%. Defects in the form of diamond polycrystals were not detected on the surface and around the periphery of the plate.
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