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Collins NJ, Salomoni SE, Elgueta Cancino EL, Tucker K, Hodges PW. Development of a novel technique to insert intramuscular electromyography electrodes into the deep intrinsic foot muscles via the dorsum of the foot. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2024; 78:102914. [PMID: 38945047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2024.102914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an insertion technique for intramuscular EMG recording of the oblique head of adductor hallucis (AddH) and first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscles in humans via the dorsum of the foot, and report feasibility of intramuscular EMG data acquisition during walking in shoes. In eight individuals without musculoskeletal pain or injury (5 males; 32 ± 8 years), intramuscular electrodes were inserted into AddH (oblique head) and FDI through the right foot's dorsum (between metatarsals I-II) with ultrasound guidance. The ultrasound transducer was positioned on the plantar surface. Intramuscular EMG was also recorded from abductor hallucis, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus and peroneus longus. Participants performed six overground walking trials wearing modified shoes, and rated pain associated with the intramuscular electrodes during walking (numerical rating scale, 0-10). High-quality EMG recordings were obtained from intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles. Analyses of power spectral densities indicated that movement artefacts commonly observed during gait were removed by filtering. Pain associated with AddH/FDI electrodes during walking was low (median[IQR] 1[2]; range 0-4) and similar to other sites. Findings demonstrate that intramuscular EMG recording from AddH (oblique head) and FDI using this insertion technique is feasible and associated with minimal pain when walking in shoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Collins
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Sauro E Salomoni
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Edith L Elgueta Cancino
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Universidad Andrés Bello, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Kylie Tucker
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Paul W Hodges
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Suskens JJM, Maas H, van Dieën JH, Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Goedhart EA, Tol JL, Reurink G. The Effect of the Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Muscle Activity: A Multichannel Electromyography Randomized Controlled Trial. J Appl Biomech 2023; 39:377-387. [PMID: 37567580 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2023-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a Nordic hamstring exercise intervention on biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscle's activity and relative contributions through multichannel electromyography. Twenty-four injury-free male basketball players (mean age 20 [3] y) were randomly assigned to a 12-week intervention (n = 13) or control group (n = 11). The primary outcome measures were normalized muscle activity (percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction, %MVIC) and relative contribution of hamstring muscles over 12 weeks. No effects were found on any of the primary outcome measures. Between-group differences over 12 weeks were 2.7%MVIC (95% confidence interval 95% CI, -0.7 to 6.1) for the biceps femoris long head, 3.4%MVIC (95% CI, -1.4 to 8.2) for the semitendinosus, and 0.8%MVIC (95% CI, -3.0 to 4.6) for the semimembranosus, P = .366. Between-group differences over 12 weeks were 1.0% relative contribution (%con; 95% CI, -3.0 to 5.1) for the biceps femoris long head, 2.2% relative contribution (95% CI, -2.8 to 7.2) for the semitendinosus, and -3.3% relative contribution (95% CI, -6.4 to -0.1) for the semimembranosus P = .258. A positive value implies a higher value for the Nordic group. A Nordic hamstring exercise intervention did not affect the level of muscle activity and relative contribution of hamstring muscles in performance of the Nordic hamstring exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef J M Suskens
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Sports, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - Huub Maas
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Sports, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences (AMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Sports, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences (AMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - Gino M M J Kerkhoffs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Sports, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - Edwin A Goedhart
- FIFA Medical Center, Royal Netherlands Football Association, Zeist,The Netherlands
| | - Johannes L Tol
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Sports, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha,Qatar
| | - Gustaaf Reurink
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Sports, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
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Taylor EW, Ugbolue UC, Gao Y, Gu Y, Baker JS, Dutheil F. Erector Spinae Muscle Activation During Forward Movement in Individuals With or Without Chronic Lower Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2023; 5:100280. [PMID: 37744192 PMCID: PMC10517367 DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2023.100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the differences between erector spinae muscle activation in healthy individuals and patients with Chronic Lower Back Pain (CLBP) by conducting (a) systematic review and (b) meta-analysis. Data Sources PubMed, ScienceDirect, SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar were used to conduct the searches, which included studies up to the 31st of March 2023 with no start date specified. Study Selection Any study otherwise meeting eligibility criteria was included if it reported either (1) a standard mean difference effect size; or (2) the means, SDs, and sample sizes for both the patient group and the comparator group. Data Extraction A total of 7 case control trials were used for the systematic review and meta-analysis. Data Synthesis The systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that total standardized mean difference in erector spinae muscle activation between healthy individuals vs patients with CLBP expressed in % maximum voluntary isometric contraction was 0.48 (95% confidence interval=0.21-0.74; P<.001) with the heterogeneity being I2=0% (P=.890). The electromyography (EMG) outputs showed significant differences in activation levels between the healthy and CLBP cohorts (P<.001). Conclusions A small effect size was found in the meta-analysis. The muscle activation levels of the erector spinae during forward propulsion were higher in CLBP individuals compared with healthy cohorts. The findings provide more clarity about the muscles that were the focus of previous research, what procedures were used to evaluate muscular contributions and what speeds the participants were moving at during the test sessions. Given the limited methodological quality of the included studies, the findings should be interpreted with caution. Future research should evaluate the effect of other factors such as walking distance and any changes in walking surfaces and gradients (ie, non-flat surfaces).
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan W. Taylor
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Clinical Exercise & Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, South Lanarkshire, United Kingdom
| | - U. Chris Ugbolue
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Clinical Exercise & Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, South Lanarkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Gao
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, WittyFit, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Prasad S, Farella M. Wearables for personalized monitoring of masticatory muscle activity - opportunities, challenges, and the future. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4861-4867. [PMID: 37410151 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Wearable devices are worn on or remain in close proximity of the human body. The use of wearable devices specific to the orofacial region is steadily increasing. Orofacial applications of wearable devices include supplementing diagnosis, tracking treatment progress, monitoring patient compliance, and understanding oral parafunctional behaviours. In this short communication, the role of wearable devices in advancing personalized dental medicine are highlighted with a specific focus on masticatory muscle activity monitoring in naturalistic settings. Additionally, challenges, opportunities, as well as future research areas for successful use of wearable devices for precise, personalized care of muscle disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabarinath Prasad
- Department of Orthodontics, Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mauro Farella
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Discipline of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Yaserifar M, Oliveira AS. Inter-muscular coordination during running on grass, concrete and treadmill. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:561-572. [PMID: 36342514 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Running is an exercise that can be performed in different environments that imposes distinct foot-floor interactions. For instance, running on grass may help reducing instantaneous vertical impact loading, while compromising natural speed. Inter-muscular coordination during running is an important factor to understand motor performance, but little is known regarding the impact of running surface hardness on inter-muscular coordination. Therefore, we investigated whether inter-muscular coordination during running is influenced by running surface. Surface electromyography (EMG) from 12 lower limb muscles were recorded from young male individuals (n = 9) while running on grass, concrete, and on a treadmill. Motor modules consisting of weighting coefficients and activation signals were extracted from the multi-muscle EMG datasets representing 50 consecutive running cycles using non-negative matrix factorization. We found that four motor modules were sufficient to represent the EMG from all running surfaces. The inter-subject similarity across muscle weightings was the lowest for running on grass (r = 0.76 ± 0.11) compared to concrete (r = 0.81 ± 0.07) and treadmill (r = 0.78 ± 0.05), but no differences in weighting coefficients were found when analyzing the number of significantly active muscles and residual muscle weightings (p > 0.05). Statistical parametric mapping showed no temporal differences between activation signals across running surfaces (p > 0.05). However, the activation duration (% time above 15% peak activation) was significantly shorter for treadmill running compared to grass and concrete (p < 0.05). These results suggest predominantly similar neuromuscular strategies to control multiple muscles across different running surfaces. However, individual adjustments in inter-muscular coordination are required when coping with softer surfaces or the treadmill's moving belt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Yaserifar
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Anderson Souza Oliveira
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Fibigerstræde 16, Building 4, 9220, Aalborg Øst, Denmark.
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2021 ISB World Athletics Award for Biomechanics: The Subtalar Joint Maintains "Spring-Like" Function While Running in Footwear That Perturbs Foot Pronation. J Appl Biomech 2022; 38:221-231. [PMID: 35894959 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2021-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Humans have the remarkable ability to run over variable terrains. During locomotion, however, humans are unstable in the mediolateral direction and this instability must be controlled actively-a goal that could be achieved in more ways than one. Walking research indicates that the subtalar joint absorbs energy in early stance and returns it in late stance, an attribute that is credited to the tibialis posterior muscle-tendon unit. The purpose of this study was to determine how humans (n = 11) adapt to mediolateral perturbations induced by custom-made 3D-printed "footwear" that either enhanced or reduced pronation of the subtalar joint (modeled as motion in 3 planes) while running (3 m/s). In all conditions, the subtalar joint absorbed energy (ie, negative mechanical work) in early stance followed by an immediate return of energy (ie, positive mechanical work) in late stance, demonstrating a "spring-like" behavior. These effects increased and decreased in footwear conditions that enhanced or reduced pronation (P ≤ .05), respectively. Of the recorded muscles, the tibialis posterior (P ≤ .05) appeared to actively change its activation in concert with the changes in joint energetics. We suggest that the "spring-like" behavior of the subtalar joint may be an inherent function that enables the lower limb to respond to mediolateral instabilities during running.
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Maddox EU, Bennett HJ, Weinhandl JT. Evidence for the use of dynamic maximum normalization method of muscle activation during weighted back squats. J Biomech 2022; 135:111029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cooper J, Karduna A. Submaximal contractions can serve as a reliable technique for shoulder electromyography normalization. J Biomech 2022; 134:111014. [PMID: 35228152 PMCID: PMC8976741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There are a number of ways to normalize electromyographical data, the most common of which is using a maximal contraction as a reference. However, this technique is not always practical. The purpose of the present study was to assess the reliability of an electromyographical data normalization technique using standardized submaximal contractions. Twenty healthy subjects (ten male, ten female) were used for testing, which was performed using both surface and fine-wire electromyography over two sessions at 15, 30, 45, and 60 percent of the day 1 maximum force. There was a mean of 5.3 days between test days. Data were compared between days, and the resulting ICC and standard error of the measurement values indicate varying levels of reliability at each submaximal percent. All heads of the deltoid, the upper trapezius and the serratus anterior demonstrated good reliability for at least one submaximal condition. The latissimus dorsi and supraspinatus demonstrated moderate reliability for at least one submaximal condition. Finally, the infraspinatus demonstrated poor reliability under all conditions. For situations in which MVC is impractical or anticipated to change, EMG amplitude normalization to one of these submaximal percentages appears to be a viable technique, at least for most muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cooper
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - Andrew Karduna
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.
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Chen W, Zhang X, Xu Y, Xu Z, Qin H, Zhang L. Ultrasound-guided five-point injection of botulinum toxin for patients with trapezius hypertrophy. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:634. [PMID: 34686203 PMCID: PMC8532279 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02758-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to explore the clinical therapeutic effects of ultrasound-guided five-point injection of botulinum toxin type A for patients with trapezius hypertrophy. METHODS Twenty female patients diagnosed with trapezius hypertrophy were enrolled in this study. The thicknesses of the trapezius muscle were measured by using the ultrasound scanner to locate the thickest point of trapezius, followed by labelling the other four points around the first point. Botulinum toxin type A was injected bilaterally (50 IU/side, 5 points/side) in the trapezius muscle of these patients. The surgery effects were evaluated by thicknesses of the trapezius muscle, intramuscular needle electromyographic and electroneurographic examinations, appearance changes and patients' satisfactions. RESULTS Statistically significant differences in thicknesses of the trapezius muscle were observed at 4 weeks (p < 0.001), 12 weeks (p < 0.001), 20 weeks (p < 0.001), 28 weeks (p = 0.011), 36 weeks (p = 0.022), and 44 weeks (p = 0.032) after surgery. The latencies of trapezius muscle became longer at 12 weeks after surgery (left: 2.40 ms, right: 2.53 ms vs. left: 1.75 ms, right: 2.00 ms). Electroneurographic results showed amplitude reduction of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) at 12 weeks after surgery (left: 1.91 uV, right: 3.10 uV vs. left: 15.00 uV, right: 15.40 uV). Obvious appearance changes were revealed at 12 weeks after surgery. All of 80% patients were very satisfied, 15% patients were relatively satisfied, and 5% patients were not satisfied with the surgery. CONCLUSION Ultrasound-guided five-point injection of botulinum toxin type A might be effective for patients with trapezius hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, No.126, Xiantai Street, Erdao District, Changchun, 130000 Jilin China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000 Jilin China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000 Jilin China
| | - Zemin Xu
- Orthopedics Department, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000 Jilin China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, No.126, Xiantai Street, Erdao District, Changchun, 130000 Jilin China
| | - Lianbo Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, No.126, Xiantai Street, Erdao District, Changchun, 130000 Jilin China
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Ramanan D, Palla S, Bennani H, Polonowita A, Farella M. Oral behaviours and wake-time masseter activity in patients with masticatory muscle pain. J Oral Rehabil 2021; 48:979-988. [PMID: 34185872 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about wake-time masseter activity of patients with masticatory muscle pain in real-life settings. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were (1) to assess wake-time masseter activity of women with masticatory muscle pain (MMP) and compare it with that of pain-free women; and (2) to investigate the association between objectively measured masseter contractions and self-reported oral behaviours. METHODS Adult women (N = 27) diagnosed with MMP were age-matched with pain-free women (N = 26). The electromyographic (EMG) activity of the masseter muscle when awake was recorded unilaterally for two consecutive days. The number of contraction episodes and relative contraction time (%) were calculated using cut-off thresholds of 3%, 5% and 10% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Self-reported daytime oral activity was assessed using the Oral Behaviours Checklist (OBC, items 3-21). Data were analysed using univariate tests and mixed-model analyses. RESULTS The number of contraction episodes was similar between groups for all detection thresholds, but the relative contraction time at the lower detection thresholds (i.e. 3% MVC and 5% MVC) was significantly longer (1.5-fold) in the MMP than in the pain-free group. The OBC scores were significantly higher in the women with MMP than in controls, but no positive association could be found between EMG variables and OBC scores. CONCLUSION Women with MMP engage in low-level masseter muscle contractions, which last longer than those of pain-free controls. There was no relationship between self-reported oral behaviours and masseter activity when awake. These findings support the notion that prolonged low-level clenching when awake may play a role in the pathophysiology of MMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ramanan
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - S Palla
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Bennani
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - A Polonowita
- Discipline of Oral Medicine, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - M Farella
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Lukyanenko P, Dewald HA, Lambrecht J, Kirsch RF, Tyler DJ, Williams MR. Stable, simultaneous and proportional 4-DoF prosthetic hand control via synergy-inspired linear interpolation: a case series. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2021; 18:50. [PMID: 33736656 PMCID: PMC7977328 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-021-00833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current commercial prosthetic hand controllers limit patients' ability to fully engage high Degree-of-Freedom (DoF) prosthetic hands. Available feedforward controllers rely on large training data sets for controller setup and a need for recalibration upon prosthesis donning. Recently, an intuitive, proportional, simultaneous, regression-based 3-DoF controller remained stable for several months without retraining by combining chronically implanted electromyography (ciEMG) electrodes with a K-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN) mapping technique. The training dataset requirements for simultaneous KNN controllers increase exponentially with DoF, limiting the realistic development of KNN controllers in more than three DoF. We hypothesize that a controller combining linear interpolation, the muscle synergy framework, and a sufficient number of ciEMG channels (at least two per DoF), can allow stable, high-DoF control. METHODS Two trans-radial amputee subjects, S6 and S8, were implanted with percutaneously interfaced bipolar intramuscular electrodes. At the time of the study, S6 and S8 had 6 and 8 bipolar EMG electrodes, respectively. A Virtual Reality (VR) system guided users through single and paired training movements in one 3-DoF and four different 4-DoF cases. A linear model of user activity was built by partitioning EMG feature space into regions bounded by vectors of steady state movement EMG patterns. The controller evaluated online EMG signals by linearly interpolating the movement class labels for surrounding trained EMG movements. This yields a simultaneous, continuous, intuitive, and proportional controller. Controllers were evaluated in 3-DoF and 4-DoF through a target-matching task in which subjects controlled a virtual hand to match 80 targets spanning the available movement space. Match Percentage, Time-To-Target, and Path Efficiency were evaluated over a 10-month period based on subject availability. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In 3-DoF, S6 and S8 matched most targets and demonstrated stable control after 8 and 10 months, respectively. In 4-DoF, both subjects initially found two of four 4-DoF controllers usable, matching most targets. S8 4-DoF controllers were stable, and showed improving trends over 7-9 months without retraining or at-home practice. S6 4-DoF controllers were unstable after 7 months without retraining. These results indicate that the performance of the controller proposed in this study may remain stable, or even improve, provided initial viability and a sufficient number of EMG channels. Overall, this study demonstrates a controller capable of stable, simultaneous, proportional, intuitive, and continuous control in 3-DoF for up to ten months and in 4-DoF for up to nine months without retraining or at-home use with minimal training times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Platon Lukyanenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-1712, USA.,APT Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd., Mail Stop 151 W/APT, Cleveland, OH, 44106-1702, USA
| | - Hendrik Adriaan Dewald
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-1712, USA.,Cleveland FES Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, B-E210, Cleveland, OH, 44106-1702, USA
| | - Joris Lambrecht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-1712, USA.,Cleveland FES Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, B-E210, Cleveland, OH, 44106-1702, USA
| | - Robert F Kirsch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-1712, USA.,Cleveland FES Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, B-E210, Cleveland, OH, 44106-1702, USA
| | - Dustin J Tyler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-1712, USA. .,Cleveland FES Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, B-E210, Cleveland, OH, 44106-1702, USA. .,APT Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd., Mail Stop 151 W/APT, Cleveland, OH, 44106-1702, USA.
| | - Matthew R Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-1712, USA.,Cleveland FES Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, B-E210, Cleveland, OH, 44106-1702, USA
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Dutta A, Breloff SP, Dai F, Sinsel EW, Warren CM, Carey RE, Wu JZ. Effects of working posture and roof slope on activation of lower limb muscles during shingle installation. ERGONOMICS 2020; 63:1182-1193. [PMID: 32436438 PMCID: PMC7483978 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2020.1772378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Awkward and extreme kneeling during roofing generates high muscular tension which can lead to knee musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among roofers. However, the combined impact of roof slope and kneeling posture on the activation of the knee postural muscles and their association to potential knee MSD risks among roofers have not been studied. The current study evaluated the effects of kneeling posture and roof slope on the activation of major knee postural muscles during shingle installation via a laboratory assessment. Maximum normalized electromyography (EMG) data were collected from knee flexor and extensor muscles of seven subjects, who mimicked the shingle installation process on a slope-configurable wooden platform. The results revealed a significant increase in knee muscle activation during simulated shingle installation on sloped rooftops. Given the fact that increased muscle activation of knee postural muscles has been associated with knee MSDs, roof slope and awkward kneeling posture can be considered as potential knee MSD risk factors. Practitioner Summary: This study demonstrated significant effects of roof slope and kneeling posture on the peak activation of knee postural muscles. The findings of this study suggested that residential roofers could be exposed to a greater risk of developing knee MSDs with the increase of roof slope during shingle installation due to increased muscle loading. Abbreviations: MSDs: musculoskeletal disorders; EMG: electromyography; ANOVA: analysis of variance; MNMA: maximum normalized muscle activation; RF: rectus femoris; VL: vastus lateralis; VM: vastus medialis; BF: biceps femoris; S: semitendinosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Dutta
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Scott P. Breloff
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Fei Dai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Erik W. Sinsel
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Robert E. Carey
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - John Z. Wu
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Nunes GS, Pizzari T, Neate R, Barton CJ, Semciw A. Gluteal muscle activity during running in asymptomatic people. Gait Posture 2020; 80:268-273. [PMID: 32563058 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hip abductor muscle function is associated with running-related injuries. Previous electromyography (EMG) studies that reporting gluteal muscle activity when running have failed to account for the multiple segments of the gluteals, and have used surface electrodes, which may be contaminated by cross-talk of surrounding muscles. RESEARCH QUESTION This study aimed to: (i) develop EMG profiles of gluteus medius (GMed - anterior, middle and posterior) and gluteus minimus (GMin - anterior and posterior) segments during running; (ii) compare the activation patterns of each gluteal segment between running and walking; and (iii) compare surface EMG signals of running and walking to fine wire EMG signals of middle GMed. METHODS Ten physically active and asymptomatic people participated. Gluteal segment activation was assessed during running and walking over 10 m. Muscle activation was assessed using bipolar fine wire intramuscular EMG electrodes and GMed activation was also assessed using surface EMG. RESULTS During running, all gluteal segments presented peak amplitude during the stance phase and anterior GMin presented additional second peak amplitude during the swing phase. All gluteal segments evaluated demonstrated consistently higher amplitudes during the stance and swing phases of running compared to walking. The mean amplitude assessed using surface EMG was 32-87% higher compared to fine wire during both phases for running and walking. SIGNIFICANCE Greater activation of GMed segments during the stance phase and the increased anterior GMin activity during the swing phase indicate a potentially important role for pelvis and hip stabilization, respectively, which should be considered during development of targeted rehabilitation for running populations. The overestimated activation using surface electrodes highlights a limitation of using surface EMG during running and walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme S Nunes
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Tania Pizzari
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Australia; Department of Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Prosthetics and Orthotics, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Rachel Neate
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Christian J Barton
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Australia; Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adam Semciw
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Australia; Department of Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Prosthetics and Orthotics, La Trobe University, Australia; Northern Centre for Health, Education and Research, Northern Health, Victoria, Australia.
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Li SS, Chow DH. Modified electromyography-assisted optimization approach for predicting lumbar spine loading while walking with backpack loads. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2020; 234:527-533. [PMID: 32053045 DOI: 10.1177/0954411920906243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study modified an electromyography-assisted optimization approach for predicting lumbar spine loading while walking with backpack loads. The modified-electromyography-assisted optimization approach eliminated the electromyography measurement at maximal voluntary contraction and adopted a linear electromyography-force relationship. Moreover, an optimal lower boundary condition for muscle gain was introduced to constrain the trunk muscle co-activation. Anthropometric information of 10 healthy young men as well as their kinematic, kinetic, and electromyography data obtained while walking with backpack loads were used as inputs in this study. A computational algorithm was used to find and analyse the sensitivity of the optimal lower boundary condition for achieving minimum deviation of the modified-electromyography-assisted optimization approach from the electromyography-assisted optimization approach for predicting lumbosacral joint compression force. Results validated that the modified-electromyography-assisted optimization approach (at optimal lower boundary condition of 0.92) predicted on average, a non-significant deviation in peak lumbosacral joint compression force of -18 N, a standard error of 9 N, and a root mean square difference in force profile of 73.8 N. The modified-electromyography-assisted optimization approach simplified the experimental process by eliminating the electromyography measurement at maximal voluntary contraction and provided comparable estimations for lumbosacral joint compression force that is also applicable to patients or individuals having difficulty in performing the maximal voluntary contraction activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sw Li
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel Hk Chow
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
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15
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Duc S, Bertucci W, Grappe F. Strategies for improving the pedaling technique. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 59:2030-2039. [PMID: 31933344 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.08515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pedaling technique which can be defined as the way the cyclists pedal, has been mostly studied in lab conditions from pedal force kinetic, joints kinematic, and/or muscular activity patterns because it is considered as a main factor for gross efficiency (GE). Although this method is much controversial, its quality has extensively been evaluated from the index of pedal force effectiveness (IFE), i.e. the ratio between the effective to the total pedal force. Over the last thirty years, preferred pedaling technique has been compared between the experienced cyclists and non-cyclists and also often been manipulated by instructing these subjects to improve their effective force production during the downstroke phase ("pushing"), the upstroke phase ("pulling-up") or around top and bottom dead centers ("circling"). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION It has been shown that PREF pedaling technique is much repeatable across crank cycles in experienced cyclists than in novice cyclists. PULL involves a significant increase of IFE compared to PREF, mainly attributed to the increase of the muscular work of hip (RF) and knee flexors muscles (BF) during the upstroke. This improvement is larger in non-cyclists than in experienced cyclists but it can be optimized in the latter after a short-term training (2-4 weeks) with pedal force feedback or uncoupled cranks. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Despite that PULL enhances a lower muscular recruitment of contralateral knee extensors, GE and cycling performance variables are not significantly increased, probably due to the reversal effect of training with normal cranks and the highly robust pedaling technique of experienced cyclists. The question arises, as to whether or not, changes in pedaling technique can improve cycling efficiency if enough time is given for cyclists to adapt to a new pedaling technique. CONCLUSIONS Further studies should investigate the pedaling techniques in more "ecological" conditions, as there is not probably one but several pedaling techniques that could optimize cycling efficiency according to the pedaling conditions (time-trial, uphill, road, off-road and track cycling), and should also focus on the potential effects of long-term training of PULL pedaling technique on cycling efficiency and cycling performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Duc
- Laboratoire Performance Santé Métrologie Société, UFR STAPS, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France -
| | - William Bertucci
- Laboratoire Performance Santé Métrologie Société, UFR STAPS, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Frédéric Grappe
- Equipe Culture Sport-Santé-Société (EA 4660, C3S), UPFR-SPORTS, University of Franche Comté, Besançon, France
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16
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Huseth K, Aagaard P, Gutke A, Karlsson J, Tranberg R. Assessment of neuromuscular activity during maximal isometric contraction in supine vs standing body positions. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2019; 50:102365. [PMID: 31711013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2019.102365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When comparing neuromuscular activity between different individuals or different conditions by use of surface electromyography (sEMG) it is necessary to apply standardized assessment protocol. Most frequently used method is the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). However, the influence of body posture on sEMG activity during MVIC testing remains largely unknown. AIM To evaluate the MVIC method for sEMG normalization in supine versus standing positions for selected muscles of the lower extremity and trunk. METHODS Twelve healthy individuals participated; five females and seven males (age 22-51 yrs). sEMG signals were recorded bilaterally from mm tibialis anterior, gluteus medius, adductor longus, rectus abdominus, external oblique and internal oblique/transversus abdominus according to standardized test protocol. Two different body positions were used: supine and standing position. RESULTS MVIC peak sEMG signal amplitudes did not differ systematically between supine and standing test positions. Pronounced inter-subject variability in MVIC reference sEMG activity were observed between participants, during both supine and standing test positions. CONCLUSION Present data demonstrate that MVIC EMG normalization is a biomechanically stable procedure that can be performed in a reproducible manner for the major leg and trunk muscles when comparing supine vs. standing test positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Huseth
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - P Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle Research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - A Gutke
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Unit of Physiotherapy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jón Karlsson
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roy Tranberg
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Péter A, Andersson E, Hegyi A, Finni T, Tarassova O, Cronin N, Grundström H, Arndt A. Comparing Surface and Fine-Wire Electromyography Activity of Lower Leg Muscles at Different Walking Speeds. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1283. [PMID: 31649557 PMCID: PMC6796797 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankle plantar flexor muscles are active in the stance phase of walking to propel the body forward. Increasing walking speed requires increased plantar flexor excitation, frequently assessed using surface electromyography (EMG). Despite its popularity, validity of surface EMG applied on shank muscles is mostly unclear. Thus, we examined the agreement between surface and intramuscular EMG at a range of walking speeds. Ten participants walked overground at slow, preferred, fast, and maximum walking speeds (1.01 ± 0.13, 1.43 ± 0.19, 1.84 ± 0.23, and 2.20 ± 0.38 m s-1, respectively) while surface and fine-wire EMG activities of flexor hallucis longus (FHL), soleus (SOL), medial gastrocnemius (MG) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG), and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were recorded. Surface and intramuscular peak-normalised EMG amplitudes were compared for each muscle and speed across the stance phase using Statistical Parametric Mapping. In FHL, we found differences around peak activity at all speeds except fast. There was no difference in MG at any speed or in LG at slow and preferred speeds. For SOL and LG, differences were seen in the push-off phase at fast and maximum walking speeds. In SOL and TA, surface EMG registered activity during phases in which intramuscular EMG indicated inactivity. Our results suggest that surface EMG is generally a suitable method to measure MG and LG EMG activity across several walking speeds. Minimising cross-talk in FHL remains challenging. Furthermore, SOL and TA muscle onset/offset defined by surface EMG should be interpreted cautiously. These findings should be considered when recording and interpreting surface EMG of shank muscles in walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamária Péter
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eva Andersson
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - András Hegyi
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Taija Finni
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Olga Tarassova
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Neil Cronin
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Helen Grundström
- Department of Radiology, Capio S:t Göran's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Arndt
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Holliday W, Theo R, Fisher J, Swart J. Cycling: joint kinematics and muscle activity during differing intensities. Sports Biomech 2019; 22:660-674. [PMID: 31475880 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2019.1640279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Full body kinematics and electromyographic (EMG) patterns may alter based on the workloads that are encountered during cycling. Understanding the effect of differing intensities on the cyclist can guide clinicians and bike fitters in improving specific muscle strength and cycling posture to optimise training and racing. We aimed to assess changes in lower limb EMG magnitudes and full body 3D kinematics of 17 well-trained cyclists at three different exercise intensities: 60%, 80% and 90% of maximum heart rate. Significant results were demonstrated for all the joints except the hip and shoulder. Cyclists' ankle dorsiflexion and knee extension increased between 6% and 9% with higher intensities. The elbow adopted a significantly more flexed position, increasing flexion by 39% from 60% to 90% intensity, whilst the lumbar and thoracic flexion increased by 7% at the higher intensity. There were significant increases in EMG signal amplitude at higher intensities for all muscle groups measured. These results will guide clinicians in strengthening specific muscles at specific ranges of the cycling pedal revolution. Guidelines for optimal bicycle configuration should take into account the full body position of the cyclist as well as the training and racing intensity when assessing kinematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Holliday
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Raymond Theo
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Julia Fisher
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Jeroen Swart
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
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Green R, Pizzari T, McClelland J, Zacharias A, Huynh P, Weerakkody N, Semciw A. Between session reliability of intramuscular electromyography for segments of gluteus medius and minimus during gait and stepping tasks. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2019; 47:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Tweedell AJ, Tenan MS, Haynes CA. Differences in muscle contraction onset as determined by ultrasound and electromyography. Muscle Nerve 2018; 59:494-500. [PMID: 30536792 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We characterize the agreement between the timing of muscle contraction onset detected by surface electromyography (sEMG), fine wire EMG (fwEMG), and motion-mode (M-mode) ultrasound for improved interpretations of clinical outcomes. METHODS Eighteen healthy adults participated. Differences in contraction onset were compared between sEMG, fwEMG, and M-mode ultrasound collected during concentric contractions of the vastus lateralis and biceps brachii. RESULTS The mean difference of 13.1 ms (-33.3-59.9) between sEMG and fwEMG was non-significant (intraclass correlation [ICC] = 0.60). Ultrasound was significantly different from surface and fine wire EMG (ICC = 0.65 and ICC = 0.40, respectively), occurring 98.6 ms (72.3-124.9) and 111.7 (60.3-163.0) before sEMG and fwEMG, respectively. Nonparametric interquartile ranges were also wide. CONCLUSIONS Due to high variability, comparisons between EMG methods should be interpreted with caution. Ultrasound detected onset before either EMG method, which may indicate motion from adjacent muscles during voluntary contractions. Muscle Nerve 59:494-500, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Tweedell
- United States Army Research Laboratory, Human Research and Engineering Directorate, 459 Mulberry Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew S Tenan
- United States Army Research Laboratory, Human Research and Engineering Directorate, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Courtney A Haynes
- United States Army Research Laboratory, Human Research and Engineering Directorate, 459 Mulberry Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA
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Kingston DC, Acker SM. Representing fine-wire EMG with surface EMG in three thigh muscles during high knee flexion movements. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2018; 43:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Hip-abductor fatigue influences sagittal plane ankle kinematics and shank muscle activity during a single-leg forward jump. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2018; 43:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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da Silva JCL, Ekblom MM, Tarassova O, Andersson E, Rönquist G, Grundström H, Arndt A. Effect of increasing workload on knee extensor and flexor muscular activity during cycling as measured with intramuscular electromyography. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201014. [PMID: 30071032 PMCID: PMC6071990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe the effect of increasing workload on individual thigh muscle activation during a 20 minute incremental cycling test. Intramuscular electromyographic signals were recorded from the knee extensors rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and vastus intermedius and the knee flexors semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and the short and long heads of the biceps femoris during increasing workloads. Mean activation levels were compared over the whole pedaling cycle and the crank angles at which onset and offset of activation and peak activity occurred were identified for each muscle. These data were compared between three workloads. EMG activation level significantly increased (p<0.05) with increasing workload in the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus and semimembranosus but not in the biceps femoris short head. A significant change in activation timing was found for the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and semitendinosus. Of the knee flexors only the short head of the biceps femoris had its peak activity during the upstroke phase at the two highest workloads indicating a unique contribution to knee flexion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Cézar Lima da Silva
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria M. Ekblom
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Tarassova
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Andersson
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Rönquist
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anton Arndt
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Maharaj JN, Cresswell AG, Lichtwark GA. Subtalar Joint Pronation and Energy Absorption Requirements During Walking are Related to Tibialis Posterior Tendinous Tissue Strain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17958. [PMID: 29263387 PMCID: PMC5738354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
During human walking, the tibialis posterior (TP) tendon absorbs energy in early stance as the subtalar joint (STJ) pronates. However, it remains unclear whether an increase in energy absorption between individuals, possibly a result of larger STJ pronation displacement, is fulfilled by greater magnitudes of TP tendon or muscle fascicle strain. By collecting direct measurements of muscle fascicle length (ultrasound), MTU length (3D motion capture and musculoskeletal modelling), and TP muscle activation (intramuscular electromyography) we endeavoured to illustrate that the TP tendinous tissue fulfils the requirements for energy absorption at the STJ as a result of an increase in muscle force production. While a significant relationship between TP tendon strain, energy absorption at the STJ (R2 = 0.53, P = < 0.01) and STJ pronation (R2 = 0.53, P = < 0.01) was evident, we failed to find any significant associations between tendon strain and surrogate measure of TP muscle force (TP muscle activation together with ankle and subtalar joint moments). These results suggest that TP tendon compliance may explain the variance in pronation and energy absorption at the STJ. Therefore, as the tendinous tissue of the TP is accountable for the absorption of energy at the STJ it may be predisposed to strain-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayishni N Maharaj
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Sensorimotor Neuroscience, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Andrew G Cresswell
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Sensorimotor Neuroscience, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glen A Lichtwark
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Sensorimotor Neuroscience, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
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Gluteus Minimus and Gluteus Medius Muscle Activity During Common Rehabilitation Exercises in Healthy Postmenopausal Women. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017; 47:914-922. [PMID: 29034801 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2017.7229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Study Design Controlled laboratory study, cross-sectional. Background The gluteus medius (GMed) and gluteus minimus (GMin) provide dynamic stability of the hip joint and pelvis. These muscles are susceptible to atrophy and injury in individuals during menopause, aging, and disease. Numerous studies have reported on the ability of exercises to elicit high levels of GMed activity; however, few studies have differentiated between the portions of the GMed, and none have examined the GMin. Objectives To quantify and rank the level of muscle activity of the 2 segments of the GMin (anterior and posterior fibers) and 3 segments of the GMed (anterior, middle, and posterior fibers) during 4 isometric and 3 dynamic exercises in a group of healthy, postmenopausal women. Methods Intramuscular electrodes were inserted into each segment of the GMed and GMin in 10 healthy, postmenopausal women. Participants completed 7 gluteal rehabilitation exercises, and average normalized muscle activity was used to rank the exercises from highest to lowest. Results The isometric standing hip hitch with contralateral hip swing was the highest-ranked exercise for all muscle segments except the anterior GMin, where it was ranked second. The highest-ranked dynamic exercise for all muscle segments was the dip test. Conclusion The hip hitch and its variations maximally activate the GMed and GMin muscle segments, and may be useful in hip muscle rehabilitation in postmenopausal women. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(12):914-922. Epub 15 Oct 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7229.
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Zacaron KAM, Dias JMD, Alencar MA, Almeida LLD, Alberto Mourão-Júnior C, Dias RC. Electromyographic normalization of vastus lateralis and biceps femoris co-contraction during gait of elderly females. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-5918.029.004.ao15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Analyze muscle co-contraction using electromyographic signals, which are normalized to compare individuals, muscles and studies. Maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and peak electrical activity (PEA) during movement are the most widely used forms of normalization. Objective: Compare inter-subject variability and investigate the association between the co-contraction indices of the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris during gait, normalized by MVIC and PEA. Methods: Thirty elderly women, aged 70.33 ± 3.69 years took part. Electrical muscle activity during MVIC and gait was recorded using a Biopac MP100 electromyograph. MVIC was performed in a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. For normalization, the signals were divided by the Root Mean Square values of MVIC and PEA of gait. Results: The coefficient of variation of non-normalized data was 69.3%, and those normalized by PEA and MVIC were 30.4% and 48.9% respectively. Linear regression analysis resulted in a prediction model: PEA = 0.04 + 0.16 x MVIC. The goodness of fit of the regression model was statistically significant (p=0.02). The confidence interval (95% CI) for the intercept was between 0.02 and 0.29 and for MVIC between 0.03 and 0.06. Conclusions: The data normalized by PEA showed less variation than those normalized by MVIC. A 100% variation in data normalized by MVIC resulted in a 16% variation in data normalized by PEA, while variation in normalization by MVIC accounts for 17% of the variation in normalization by PEA and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Asmar Alencar
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Fundação Mineira de Educação e Cultura, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rosângela Correa Dias
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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The mechanical function of the tibialis posterior muscle and its tendon during locomotion. J Biomech 2016; 49:3238-3243. [PMID: 27545079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The tibialis posterior (TP) muscle is believed to provide mediolateral stability of the subtalar joint during the stance phase of walking as it actively lengthens to resist pronation at foot contact and then actively shortens later in stance to contribute to supination. Because of its anatomical structure of short muscle fibres and long series elastic tissue, we hypothesised that TP would be a strong candidate for energy storage and return. We investigated the potential elastic function of the TP muscle and tendon through simultaneous measurements of muscle fascicle length (ultrasound), muscle tendon unit length (musculoskeletal modelling) and muscle activation (intramuscular electromyography). In early stance, TP fascicles actively shortened as the entire muscle-tendon unit lengthened, resulting in the absorption of energy through stretch of the series elastic tissue. Energy stored in the tendinous tissue from early stance was maintained during mid-stance, although a small amount of energy may have been absorbed via minimal shortening in the series elastic elements and lengthening of TP fascicles. A significant amount of shortening occurred in both the fascicles and muscle-tendon unit in late stance, as the activation of TP decreased and power was generated. The majority of the shortening was attributable to shortening of the tendinous tissue. We conclude that the tendinous tissue of TP serves two primary functions during walking: 1) to buffer the stretch of its fascicles during early stance and 2) to enhance the efficiency of the TP through absorption and return of elastic strain energy.
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Quadriceps and hamstring muscle activity during cycling as measured with intramuscular electromyography. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:1807-17. [PMID: 27448605 PMCID: PMC4983295 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to describe thigh muscle activation during cycling using intramuscular electromyographic recordings of eight thigh muscles, including the biceps femoris short head (BFS) and the vastus intermedius (Vint). Methods Nine experienced cyclists performed an incremental test (start at 170 W and increased by 20 W every 2 min) on a bicycle ergometer either for a maximum of 20 min or to fatigue. Intramuscular electromyography (EMG) of eight muscles and kinematic data of the right lower limb were recorded during the last 20 s in the second workload (190 W). EMG data were normalized to the peak activity occurring during this workload. Statistical significance was assumed at p ≤ 0.05. Results The vastii showed a greater activation during the 1st quadrant compared to other quadrants. The rectus femoris (RF) showed a similar activation, but with two bursts in the 1st and 4th quadrants in three subjects. This behavior may be explained by the bi-articular function during the cycling movement. Both the BFS and Vint were activated longer than, but in synergy with their respective agonistic superficial muscles. Conclusion Intramuscular EMG was used to verify muscle activation during cycling. The activation pattern of deep muscles (Vint and BFS) could, therefore, be described and compared to that of the more superficial muscles. The complex coordination of quadriceps and hamstring muscles during cycling was described in detail.
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Khawaja SN, McCall W, Dunford R, Nickel JC, Iwasaki LR, Crow HC, Gonzalez Y. Infield masticatory muscle activity in subjects with pain-related temporomandibular disorders diagnoses. Orthod Craniofac Res 2016; 18 Suppl 1:137-45. [PMID: 25865542 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pain-related temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are the most prevalent conditions among TMDs. There is contrasting evidence available for association of pain-related TMD and masticatory muscle activity (MMA). The present investigation assesses the associations between MMA levels of masseter and temporalis muscles during awake and sleep among pain-related TMD diagnostic groups. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION The department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, University at Buffalo. Twenty females and six males participated in this study. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC-TMDs), participants were diagnostically categorized. Subjects used a custom monitoring system, which recorded infield muscle activities. A factorial model tested for association between independent variable (muscle, time period, MMA level, and diagnostic group) effects and the logarithm of MMA. Greenhouse-Geisser test was used to determine any statistically significant associations (p≤0.003). RESULTS No statistically significant association was found between four-way, three-way, and two-way analyses. However, among the main effects, range of magnitudes was the only variable to be statistically significant. Although the data suggest a trend of increased masseter MMA in the pain-related TMD diagnoses group both during awake and sleep time periods, such observation is not maintained for the temporalis muscle. In addition, temporalis MMA was found to be higher in the pain-related TMD diagnoses group only at extreme activity levels (<25 and ≥80% ranges). CONCLUSION This data support the association between masticatory muscle hyperactivity and painful TMD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Khawaja
- Oral Diagnostic Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Green LA, McGuire J, Gabriel DA. Flexor carpi radialis surface electromyography electrode placement for evoked and voluntary measures. Muscle Nerve 2015; 52:818-25. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.24631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara A. Green
- Electromyographic Kinesiology Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University; 500 Glenridge Avenue St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - Jessica McGuire
- Electromyographic Kinesiology Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University; 500 Glenridge Avenue St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada
| | - David A. Gabriel
- Electromyographic Kinesiology Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University; 500 Glenridge Avenue St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada
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Cullen K, Dickey J, Brown S, Nykamp S, Bent L, Thomason J, Moens N. A validated approach for collecting fine-wire electromyographic recordings in four canine shoulder muscles during highly dynamic tasks. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/cep150009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of obtaining ultrasound-guided intramuscular fine-wire electromyographic (fEMG) recordings from four canine shoulder muscles during highly dynamic activities. Four cadaveric canines were utilised to confirm the appropriate anatomical landmarks and the use of real time ultrasound guidance for electrode placement for four shoulder muscles: Biceps Brachii (BB), Supraspinatus (SP), Infraspinatus (IF), and Triceps Brachii – Long Head (TBLH). Electromyographic activity of the left BB, S P, IF, and TBLH was then recorded in two research dogs while walking and trotting to refine the data collection procedures. Finally, the full experimental protocol was piloted with two client-owned, specially-trained agility dogs, confirming the feasibility of collecting fEMG recordings while performing dynamic, highly-specific agility-related tasks and verifying our EMG amplitude normalisation protocol to enable comparisons across muscles and performance tasks. We present specific guidelines regarding the placement of fEMG electrodes and data collection/normalisation procedures to enable investigations of muscle activation during dynamic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.L. Cullen
- Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2E9, Canada
| | - J.P. Dickey
- Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - S.H.M. Brown
- Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - S.G. Nykamp
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - L.R. Bent
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J.J. Thomason
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - N.M.M. Moens
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Semciw AI, Neate R, Pizzari T. A comparison of surface and fine wire EMG recordings of gluteus medius during selected maximum isometric voluntary contractions of the hip. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2014; 24:835-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Semciw AI, Green RA, Murley GS, Pizzari T. Gluteus minimus: an intramuscular EMG investigation of anterior and posterior segments during gait. Gait Posture 2014; 39:822-6. [PMID: 24314814 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Gluteus minimus is believed to consist of two structurally and functionally unique segments (anterior and posterior); however there is a lack of electromyography (EMG) research that attempts to verify current theoretical knowledge of this muscle. The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the function of gluteus minimus during gait, and to determine whether anterior and posterior segments are functionally independent. Bipolar fine wire intramuscular EMG electrodes were inserted into anterior and posterior gluteus minimus segments of fifteen healthy volunteers (9 males) according to previously verified guidelines. Participants completed a series of four walking trials, followed by maximum voluntary isometric contractions in five different positions. Temporal and amplitude variables for each segment were compared across the gait cycle with independent t-tests. The relative contribution of each segment to the maximum resisted trials was compared with Mann-Whitney U tests (α = 0.05). Anterior and posterior segments were contracting at different relative intensities for three of the five maximum resisted trials (effect size = 0.39 to 0.62, P < 0.037). The posterior segment was larger in EMG amplitude (peak and average) during the first 20% of the gait cycle (effect size = 0.96 to 1.03, P < 0.02), while the anterior segment peaked later in the stance phase (effect size = 0.83, P = 0.034). Gluteus minimus is therefore composed of functionally independent segments. These results build on contemporary theoretical knowledge and may signify hip stabilising roles for each segment across different phases of the gait cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam I Semciw
- Lower Extremity & Gait Studies Research Group, La Trobe University, Australia; Department of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Australia.
| | - Rodney A Green
- Lower Extremity & Gait Studies Research Group, La Trobe University, Australia; Department of Rural Human Biosciences, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - George S Murley
- Lower Extremity & Gait Studies Research Group, La Trobe University, Australia; Department of Podiatry, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Tania Pizzari
- Lower Extremity & Gait Studies Research Group, La Trobe University, Australia; Department of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Australia
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Rota S, Rogowski I, Champely S, Hautier C. Reliability of EMG normalisation methods for upper-limb muscles. J Sports Sci 2013; 31:1696-704. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2013.796063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Obtaining maximum muscle excitation for normalizing shoulder electromyography in dynamic contractions. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2013; 23:1166-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Semciw AI, Pizzari T, Murley GS, Green RA. Gluteus medius: An intramuscular EMG investigation of anterior, middle and posterior segments during gait. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2013; 23:858-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Barn R, Rafferty D, Turner DE, Woodburn J. Reliability study of tibialis posterior and selected leg muscle EMG and multi-segment foot kinematics in rheumatoid arthritis associated pes planovalgus. Gait Posture 2012; 36:567-71. [PMID: 22721819 PMCID: PMC3437556 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine within- and between-day reliability characteristics of electromyographic (EMG) activity patterns of selected lower leg muscles and kinematic variables in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and pes planovalgus. METHODS Five patients with RA underwent gait analysis barefoot and shod on two occasions 1 week apart. Fine-wire (tibialis posterior [TP]) and surface EMG for selected muscles and 3D kinematics using a multi-segmented foot model was undertaken barefoot and shod. Reliability of pre-determined variables including EMG activity patterns and inter-segment kinematics were analysed using coefficients of multiple correlation, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and the standard error of the measurement (SEM). RESULTS Muscle activation patterns within- and between-day ranged from fair-to-good to excellent in both conditions. Discrete temporal and amplitude variables were highly variable across all muscle groups in both conditions but particularly poor for TP and peroneus longus. SEMs ranged from 1% to 9% of stance and 4% to 27% of maximum voluntary contraction; in most cases the 95% confidence interval crossed zero. Excellent within-day reliability was found for the inter-segment kinematics in both conditions. Between-day reliability ranged from fair-to-good to excellent for kinematic variables and all ICCs were excellent; the SEM ranged from 0.60° to 1.99°. CONCLUSION Multi-segmented foot kinematics can be reliably measured in RA patients with pes planovalgus. Serial measurement of discrete variables for TP and other selected leg muscles via EMG is not supported from the findings in this cohort of RA patients. Caution should be exercised when EMG measurements are considered to study disease progression or intervention effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Barn
- Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology and Allied Health Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom. Tel.: +44 141 331 3869.
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Semciw A, Green R, Pizzari T, Briggs C. Verification of a standardized method for inserting intramuscular EMG electrodes into uniquely oriented segments of gluteus minimus and gluteus medius. Clin Anat 2012; 26:244-52. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.22055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bockstahler B, Kräutler C, Holler P, Kotschwar A, Vobornik A, Peham C. Pelvic limb kinematics and surface electromyography of the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and gluteus medius muscle in dogs with hip osteoarthritis. Vet Surg 2011; 41:54-62. [PMID: 22188303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2011.00932.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the activity patterns of the vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris, and gluteus medius (GM) muscle at a walk in sound dogs and dogs with hip osteoarthritis (OA). ANIMALS Dogs (n = 10) with hip OA and 7 clinically sound dogs. METHODS Self-reflective markers and a high-speed camera system were used for kinematic measurements and surface electrodes were used for the electromyography (EMG). All measurements were performed on walking dogs. Maximal, minimal, and mean values of the joint angles were evaluated, together with the surface EMG data. RESULTS In all muscles investigated, mean activity was significantly decreased during the early swing phase in dogs with hip OA. The VL and GM muscle of the clinically worse pelvic limb had significantly higher activity than the contralateral pelvic limb during early stance. CONCLUSION The muscles investigated were significantly affected by hip OA. This finding suggests that there is a more distinct resting phase of the muscles during swing and a higher activity during early stance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bockstahler
- Clinic for Surgery and Ophthalmology, Section for Physiotherapy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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41
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Alternative methods of normalising EMG during running. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2011; 21:579-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Swinnen E, Baeyens JP, Meeusen R, Kerckhofs E. Methodology of electromyographic analysis of the trunk muscles during walking in healthy subjects: a literature review. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2011; 22:1-12. [PMID: 21622008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To review and discuss the literature about the use of trunk muscle electromyography - including the use of surface or fine-wire electrodes, site of application and muscle selection - during gait analysis in healthy subjects. METHODS The databases Pubmed, Web of Knowledge and Cochrane Library were searched. Articles were included when EMG activity of at least one trunk muscle was measured in healthy subjects during walking. RESULTS In the 33 selected articles 491 healthy subjects walked with different velocities on a treadmill and/or overground. The activity of the M. erector spinae, M. multifidus, M. obliquus externus and internus, M. rectus abdominus, M. trapezius, M. latissimus dorsi, M. transversus abdominus, M. iliopsoas and M. quadrates lumborum was measured. Twenty-nine studies used surface electrodes, one study fine-wire electrodes, and the other three studies used a combination. There is no consensus on the exact placement site of the electrodes. CONCLUSION Surface electrodes were used more often than fine-wire electrodes and the descriptions of the electrode locations were mostly vague and not consistent among the different studies. There is need for further research to make specific recommendations about the type of electrodes in combination with the optimal locations of application of these electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Swinnen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Advanced Rehabilitation Technology and Science (ARTS), Belgium.
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Hug F. Can muscle coordination be precisely studied by surface electromyography? J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2011; 21:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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How should we normalize electromyograms obtained from healthy participants? What we have learned from over 25years of research. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2010; 20:1023-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Alternative methods of normalising EMG during cycling. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2010; 20:1036-43. [PMID: 20696597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated possible methods of normalisation for EMG measured during cycling. The MVC method, Sprint method and 70% Peak Power Output Method were investigated and their repeatability, reliability and sensitivity to change in workload were compared. Thirteen cyclists performed the same experimental protocol on three separate occasions. Each day, subjects firstly performed MVCs, followed by a 10s maximal sprint on a cycle ergometer. Subjects then performed a Peak Power Output (PPO) test until exhaustion. After which they cycled at 70% of PPO for 5 min at 90 rpm. Results indicated that normalising EMG data to 70% PPO is more repeatable, the intra-class correlation (ICC) of 70% PPO (0.87) was significantly higher than for MVC (0.66) (p=0.03) and 10s sprint (0.65) (p=0.04). The 70% PPO method also demonstrated the least intra-subject variability for five out of the six muscles. The Sprint and 70% PPO method highlighted greater sensitivity to changes in muscle activity than the MVC method. The MVC method showed the highest intra-subject variability for most muscles except VM. The data suggests that normalising EMG to dynamic methods is the most appropriate for examining muscle activity during cycling over different days and for once-off measurements.
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Chapman AR, Hodges PW, Briggs AM, Stapley PJ, Vicenzino B. Neuromuscular control and exercise-related leg pain in triathletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42:233-43. [PMID: 19927036 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181b07e91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous studies have shown that cycling can directly influence neuromuscular control during subsequent running in some highly trained triathletes. A relationship between this altered neuromuscular control of running and musculoskeletal pain and injury has been proposed; however, this link has not been investigated. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the influence of cycling on neuromuscular control during subsequent running in highly trained triathletes with and without exercise-related leg pain (ERLP). METHODS Participants were 34 highly trained triathletes: 10 triathletes with a history of ERLP and 24 training-matched control triathletes with no history of ERLP. Knee and ankle kinematics and leg muscle recruitment were compared between a baseline run (no prior exercise) and a transition run (preceded by cycling; i.e., run vs cycle run). RESULTS Knee and ankle joint kinematics were not different between baseline and transition runs for any triathletes: absolute mean difference (+/-95% confidence interval) was 1.49 degrees +/- 0.17 degrees. However, muscle recruitment was different between baseline and transition runs, defined by absolute mean difference in EMG amplitude > or = 10%, in 5 of 24 control triathletes (11/130 muscles exhibited altered recruitment) and in 5 of 10 triathletes with a history of ERLP (12/50 muscles exhibited altered recruitment). This represents a relative risk of 2.40 (0.89-6.50; P = 0.089) when defined by athletes and 2.62 (1.34-6.01; P < 0.01) when defined by muscles. The magnitude of change in muscle recruitment between baseline and transition runs was not different between control (14.10% +/- 2.34%) and ERLP triathletes (16.31% +/- 3.64%; P = 0.41). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates an association between ERLP in triathletes and their neuromuscular control when running off the bike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Chapman
- Division of Physiotherapy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Franettovich M, Chapman AR, Blanch P, Vicenzino B. Augmented low-Dye tape alters foot mobility and neuromotor control of gait in individuals with and without exercise related leg pain. J Foot Ankle Res 2010; 3:5. [PMID: 20298569 PMCID: PMC2851667 DOI: 10.1186/1757-1146-3-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Augmented low-Dye (ALD) tape is frequently used in the management of lower limb musculoskeletal pain and injury, yet our knowledge of its effect is incomplete, especially in regard to its neuromotor effects. Methods We measured electromyographic (EMG) activity of twelve lower limb muscles, three-dimensional kinematics of the ankle, knee, hip and pelvis, foot posture and foot mobility to determine the physiological effect of ALD tape. Fourteen females with exercise related leg pain and 14 matched asymptomatic females walked on a treadmill under three conditions: pre-tape, tape and post-tape. A series of repeated measure analysis of variance procedures were performed to investigate differences in EMG, kinematic, foot posture and mobility measurements. Results Application of ALD tape produced reductions in recruitment of tibialis anterior (7.3%) and tibialis posterior (6.9%). Large reductions in midfoot mobility (0.45 to 0.63 cm) and increases in arch height (0.58 cm), as well as moderate changes in ankle motion in the sagittal (2.0 to 5.3°) and transverse planes (4.0 to 4.3°) were observed. Reduced muscle activation (<3.0%) and increased motion (<1.7°) was observed at more proximal segments (knee, hip, pelvis) but were of smaller magnitude than at the foot and ankle. Changes in foot posture, foot mobility, ankle kinematics and leg muscle activity did not persist following the removal of ALD tape, but at more proximal segments small changes (<2.2°, <5.4% maximum) continued to be observed following the removal of tape. There were no differences between groups. Conclusions This study provides evidence that ALD tape influences muscle recruitment, movement patterns, foot posture and foot mobility. These effects occur in individuals with and without pain, and are dissipated up the kinetic chain. ALD tape should be considered in the management of individuals where increased arch height, reduced foot mobility, reduced ankle abduction and plantar flexion or reduced activation of leg muscles is desired.
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Hug F, Turpin NA, Guével A, Dorel S. Is interindividual variability of EMG patterns in trained cyclists related to different muscle synergies? J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 108:1727-36. [PMID: 20299611 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01305.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to determine whether muscle synergies are similar across trained cyclists (and thus whether the same locomotor strategies for pedaling are used), despite interindividual variability of individual EMG patterns. Nine trained cyclists were tested during a constant-load pedaling exercise performed at 80% of maximal power. Surface EMG signals were measured in 10 lower limb muscles. A decomposition algorithm (nonnegative matrix factorization) was applied to a set of 40 consecutive pedaling cycles to differentiate muscle synergies. We selected the least number of synergies that provided 90% of the variance accounted for VAF. Using this criterion, three synergies were identified for all of the subjects, accounting for 93.5+/-2.0% of total VAF, with VAF for individual muscles ranging from 89.9+/-8.2% to 96.6+/-1.3%. Each of these synergies was quite similar across all subjects, with a high mean correlation coefficient for synergy activation coefficients (0.927+/-0.070, 0.930+/-0.052, and 0.877+/-0.110 for synergies 1-3, respectively) and muscle synergy vectors (0.873+/-0.120, 0.948+/-0.274, and 0.885+/-0.129 for synergies 1-3, respectively). Despite a large consistency across subjects in the weighting of several monoarticular muscles into muscle synergy vectors, we found larger interindividual variability for another monoarticular muscle (soleus) and for biarticular muscles (rectus femoris, gastrocnemius lateralis, biceps femoris, and semimembranosus). This study demonstrated that pedaling is accomplished by the combination of the similar three muscle synergies among trained cyclists. The interindividual variability of EMG patterns observed during pedaling does not represent differences in the locomotor strategy for pedaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Hug
- University of Nantes, Laboratory Motricité, Interactions, Performance, EA 4334, 25 bis boulevard Guy Mollet, BP 72206, 44322 Nantes cedex 3, France.
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Franettovich M, Chapman A, Blanch P, Vicenzino B. Continual use of augmented low-Dye taping increases arch height in standing but does not influence neuromotor control of gait. Gait Posture 2010; 31:247-50. [PMID: 19944608 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of continual use of augmented low-Dye (ALD) taping on neuromotor control of the lower limb during gait, as well as foot posture and mobility. Twenty-eight females were randomly allocated to wear ALD tape continuously or a no-tape control for a mean 12 + or - 2 days. Electromyographic activity from 12 lower limb muscles, three-dimensional motion at the ankle, knee, hip and pelvis (i.e., measures of neuromotor control) and foot posture and mobility was measured before and after the tape or control interventions. For the tape group, arch height ratio (=arch height/distance from heel to first metatarsophalangeal joint line) was greater by 0.006 (95% confidence interval: 0.0002-0.01, p = 0.04) following the intervention period, whereas no change was observed for the control group (-0.003 (-0.01-0.004), p = 0.36). The difference between groups (0.009 (0.0004-0.02), p = 0.04) equated to a 0.16 cm increase in arch height for the tape group following continual use of ALD tape. There was no change in neuromotor control of gait following continual use of ALD taping (p > 0.05). Continual use of ALD tape for approximately 12 days produced a small change in foot posture, but no alteration in neuromotor control. Previous literature suggests that this increase in arch height is likely to be clinically relevant and may be one factor that contributes to the known efficiency of ALD tape in the treatment of lower extremity pain and injury.
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