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Geusebroek G, van Dieën JH, Hoozemans MJM, Noort W, Houdijk H, Maas H. Corrigendum to "Constant force muscle stretching induces greater acute deformations and changes in passive mechanical properties compared to constant length stretching" [J. Biomech. 154 (2023) 111594]. J Biomech 2024; 166:111992. [PMID: 38378375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.111992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- G Geusebroek
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, The Netherlands
| | - J H van Dieën
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, The Netherlands
| | - M J M Hoozemans
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, The Netherlands
| | - W Noort
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, The Netherlands
| | - H Houdijk
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, The Netherlands.
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Maas H, Noort W. Knee movements cause changes in the firing behaviour of muscle spindles located within the mono-articular ankle extensor soleus in the rat. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:125-134. [PMID: 36827200 PMCID: PMC10988709 DOI: 10.1113/ep090764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
We recently showed that within an intact muscle compartment, changing the length of one muscle affects the firing behaviour of muscle spindles located within a neighbouring muscle. The conditions tested, however, involved muscle lengths and relative positions that were beyond physiological ranges. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of simulated knee movements on the firing behaviour of muscle spindles located within rat soleus (SO) muscle. Firing from single muscle spindle afferents in SO was measured intra-axonally for different lengths (static) and during lengthening (dynamic) of the lateral gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles. Also, the location of the spindle within the muscle was assessed. Changing the length of synergistic ankle plantar flexors (simulating different static knee positions, between 45 and 130°) affected the force threshold, but not the length threshold, of SO muscle spindles. The effects on type II afferents were substantially (four times) higher than those on type IA afferents. Triangular stretch-shortening of synergistic muscles (simulating dynamic knee joint rotations of 15°) caused sudden changes in the firing rate of SO type IA and II afferents. Lengthening decreased and shortening increased the firing rate, independent of spindle location. This supports our prediction that the major point of application of forces exerted by connections between adjacent muscles is at the distal end of SO. We conclude that muscle spindles provide the CNS with information about the condition of adjacent joints that the muscle does not span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wendy Noort
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Sueters J, Xiao F, Roovers JP, Bouman MB, Groenman F, Maas H, Huirne J, Smit T. Creation of a decellularized vaginal matrix from healthy human vaginal tissue for potential vagina reconstruction: experimental studies. Int J Surg 2023; 109:3905-3918. [PMID: 37755377 PMCID: PMC10720790 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When a disorder causes the absence of a healthy, full-size vagina, various neovaginal creation methods are available. Sometimes dilation or stretching of the vaginal cavity is sufficient, but intestinal or dermal flap tissue is generally required. However, different inherent tissue properties cause complications. Therefore, a lost body part should be replaced with a similar material. The use of organ-specific acellular vaginal tissue carries great potential, as its similar architecture and matrix composition make it suitable for vaginal regeneration. METHODS The authors developed an optimized protocol for decellularization of healthy human vaginal tissue. Resected colpectomy tissue from 12 healthy transgender patients was used. Successful decellularization was confirmed by applying acellular criteria from in-vivo remodeling reports. Suitability as a tissue-mimicking scaffold for vaginal reconstruction was determined by visible structural features, biocompatibility during stretching, and the presence of visible collagen, elastin, laminin, and fibronectin. RESULTS Histological examination confirmed the preservation of structural features, and minimal cellular residue was seen during fluorescence microscopy, DNA and RNA quantification, and fragment length examination. Biomechanical testing showed decreased peak load (55%, P <0.05), strain at rupture (23%, P <0.01), and ultimate tensile stress (55%, P <0.05) after decellularization, while the elastic modulus (68%) did not decrease significantly. Fluorescence microscopy revealed preserved Fibronectin-I/II/III and Laminin-I/II, while Collagen-I and Ficolin-2B were decreased but mostly retained. CONCLUSIONS The absence of cellular residue, moderately altered biomechanical extracellular matrix properties, and mostly preserved structural proteins appear to make our decellularized human vaginal matrix a suitable tissue-mimicking scaffold for vagina transplantation when tissue survival through vascularization and innervation are accomplished in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson Sueters
- Department of Gynaecology, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development
| | - Fangxin Xiao
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- AMS – Musculoskeletal Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, VU Research Institutes
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jan-Paul Roovers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development
| | - Mark-Bram Bouman
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC – location VUmc
| | - Freek Groenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC – location VUmc
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
| | - Judith Huirne
- Department of Gynaecology, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development
| | - Theo Smit
- Department of Gynaecology, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC – location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Xiao F, van Dieën JH, Han J, Maas H. Stab lesion of the L4/L5 intervertebral disc in the rat causes acute changes in disc bending mechanics. J Biomech 2023; 161:111830. [PMID: 37821333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Low-back pain often coincides with altered neuromuscular control, possibly due to changes in spine stability resulting from injury or degeneration, or due to effects of nociception. The relative importance of these mechanisms, and their possible interaction, are unknown. In spine bending, the bulk of the load is borne by the IVD, yet the acute effects of intervertebral disc (IVD) injury on bending mechanics have not been investigated. In the present study, we aimed to quantify the acute effects of a stab lesion of the disc on its mechanical properties, because such changes can be expected to elicit compensatory changes in neuromuscular control. L4/L5 spinal segments were collected from 27 Wistar rats within two hours after sacrifice and stored at -20℃. Following thawing, bending tests were performed to assess the intersegmental angle-moment characteristics. Specimens were loaded in right bending, left bending and flexion, before and after a stab lesion of the IVD fully penetrating the nucleus pulposus. In the angle-moment curves, we found reduced moments at equal bending angles after IVD lesion in left bending, right bending and flexion. Peak stiffness, peak moment, and hysteresis were significantly decreased (by 7.8-27.7 %) after IVD lesion in all directions. In conclusion, L4/L5 IVD lesion in the rat caused small to moderate acute changes in IVD mechanical properties. Our next steps will be to evaluate the longer term effects of IVD lesion on spine mechanics and the neural control of trunk muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxin Xiao
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jia Han
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China; Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Suskens JJM, Maas H, van Dieën JH, Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Goedhart EA, Tol JL, Reurink G. The Effect of the Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Muscle Activity: A Multichannel Electromyography Randomized Controlled Trial. J Appl Biomech 2023; 39:377-387. [PMID: 37567580 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2023-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a Nordic hamstring exercise intervention on biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscle's activity and relative contributions through multichannel electromyography. Twenty-four injury-free male basketball players (mean age 20 [3] y) were randomly assigned to a 12-week intervention (n = 13) or control group (n = 11). The primary outcome measures were normalized muscle activity (percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction, %MVIC) and relative contribution of hamstring muscles over 12 weeks. No effects were found on any of the primary outcome measures. Between-group differences over 12 weeks were 2.7%MVIC (95% confidence interval 95% CI, -0.7 to 6.1) for the biceps femoris long head, 3.4%MVIC (95% CI, -1.4 to 8.2) for the semitendinosus, and 0.8%MVIC (95% CI, -3.0 to 4.6) for the semimembranosus, P = .366. Between-group differences over 12 weeks were 1.0% relative contribution (%con; 95% CI, -3.0 to 5.1) for the biceps femoris long head, 2.2% relative contribution (95% CI, -2.8 to 7.2) for the semitendinosus, and -3.3% relative contribution (95% CI, -6.4 to -0.1) for the semimembranosus P = .258. A positive value implies a higher value for the Nordic group. A Nordic hamstring exercise intervention did not affect the level of muscle activity and relative contribution of hamstring muscles in performance of the Nordic hamstring exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef J M Suskens
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Sports, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - Huub Maas
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Sports, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences (AMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Sports, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences (AMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - Gino M M J Kerkhoffs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Sports, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - Edwin A Goedhart
- FIFA Medical Center, Royal Netherlands Football Association, Zeist,The Netherlands
| | - Johannes L Tol
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Sports, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha,Qatar
| | - Gustaaf Reurink
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Sports, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
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Geusebroek G, van Dieën JH, Hoozemans MJM, Noort W, Houdijk H, Maas H. Constant force muscle stretching induces greater acute deformations and changes in passive mechanical properties compared to constant length stretching. J Biomech 2023; 154:111594. [PMID: 37182406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Stretching is applied to lengthen shortened muscles in pathological conditions such as joint contractures. We investigated (i) the acute effects of different types of stretching, i.e. constant length (CL) and constant force (CF) stretching, on acute deformations and changes in passive mechanical properties of medial gastrocnemius muscle (MG) and (ii) the association of acute muscle-tendon deformations or changes in mechanical properties with the impulse or maximal strain of stretching. Forty-eight hindlimbs from 13 male and 12 female Wistar rats (13 weeks old, respectively 424.6 ± 35.5 and 261.8 ± 15.6 g) were divided into six groups (n = 8 each). The MG was initially stretched to a length at which the force was 75%, 95%, or 115% of the force corresponding to estimated maximal dorsiflexion and held at either CF or CL for 30 min. Before and after the stretching protocol, the MG peak force and peak stiffness were assessed by lengthening the passive muscle to the length corresponding to maximal ankle dorsiflexion. Also, the muscle belly length and tendon length were measured. CF stretching affected peak force, peak stiffness, muscle belly length, and tendon length more than CL stretching (p < 0.01). Impulse was associated only with the decrease in peak force, while maximal strain was associated with the decrease in peak force, peak stiffness, and the increase in muscle belly length. We conclude that CF stretching results in greater acute deformations and changes in mechanical properties than CL stretching, which appears to be dependent predominantly on the differences in imposed maximal strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Geusebroek
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, The Netherlands
| | - J H van Dieën
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, The Netherlands
| | - M J M Hoozemans
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, The Netherlands
| | - W Noort
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, The Netherlands
| | - H Houdijk
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, The Netherlands.
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Finni T, de Brito Fontana H, Maas H. Force transmission and interactions between synergistic muscles. J Biomech 2023; 152:111575. [PMID: 37120913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The classical view of muscles as independent motors has been challenged over the past decades. An alternative view has emerged in which muscles are not isolated but embedded in a three-dimensional connective tissue network that links them to adjacent muscles and other non-muscular structures in the body. Animal studies showing that the forces measured at the distal and proximal ends of a muscle are not equal have provided undisputable evidence that these connective tissue linkages are strong enough to serve as an extra pathway for muscular force transmission. In this historical review, we first introduce the terminology and anatomy related to these pathways of muscle force transmission and provide a definition for the term epimuscular force transmission. We then focus on important experimental evidence indicating mechanical interactions between synergistic muscles that may affect force transmission and/or influence the muscles' force generating capacity. We illustrate that there may exist different expressions of the highly relevant force-length properties depending on whether the force is measured at the proximal or distal tendon and depending on the dynamics of surrounding structures. Changes in length, activation level or disruption of the connective tissue of neighboring muscles, can affect how muscles interact and produce force on the skeleton. While most direct evidence is from animal experiments, studies on humans also suggest functional implications of the connective tissues surrounding muscles. These implications may explain how distant segments, which are not part of the same joint system, affect force generation at a given joint, and, in clinical conditions, explain observations from tendon transfer surgeries, where a muscle transferred to act as an antagonist continues to produce agonistic moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taija Finni
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heiliane de Brito Fontana
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kositsky A, Maas H, Barrett RS, Kennedy B, Stenroth L, Korhonen RK, Vertullo CJ, Diamond LE, Saxby DJ. Morphology of proximal and distal human semitendinosus compartments and the effects of distal tendon harvesting for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Anat 2023. [PMID: 37057314 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The human semitendinosus muscle is characterized by a tendinous inscription separating proximal and distal neuromuscular compartments. As each compartment is innervated by separate nerve branches, potential exists for independent operation and control of compartments. However, the morphology and function of each compartment have not been thoroughly examined in an adult human population. Further, the distal semitendinosus tendon is typically harvested for use in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery, which induces long-term morphological changes to the semitendinosus muscle-tendon unit. It remains unknown if muscle morphological alterations following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction are uniform between proximal and distal semitendinosus compartments. Here, we performed magnetic resonance imaging on 10 individuals who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction involving an ipsilateral distal semitendinosus tendon graft 14 ± 4 months prior, extracting morphological parameters of the whole semitendinosus muscle and each individual compartment from both the (non-injured) contralateral and surgical legs. In the contralateral leg, volume and length of the proximal compartment were smaller than the distal compartment. No between-compartment differences in volume or length were found for anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed legs, likely due to greater shortening of the distal compared to the proximal compartment after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The maximal anatomical cross-sectional area of both compartments was substantially smaller on the anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed leg but did not differ between compartments on either leg. The absolute and relative between-leg differences in proximal compartment morphology on the anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed leg were strongly correlated with the corresponding between-leg differences in distal compartment morphological parameters. Specifically, greater between-leg morphological differences in one compartment were highly correlated with large between-leg differences in the other compartment, and vice versa for smaller differences. These relationships indicate that despite the heterogeneity in compartment length and volume, compartment atrophy is not independent or random. Further, the tendinous inscription endpoints were generally positioned at the same proximodistal level as the compartment maximal anatomical cross-sectional areas, providing a wide area over which the tendinous inscription could mechanically interact with compartments. Overall, results suggest the two human semitendinosus compartments are not mechanically independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kositsky
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rod S Barrett
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ben Kennedy
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Mermaid Beach Radiology, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauri Stenroth
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rami K Korhonen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Christopher J Vertullo
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Knee Research Australia, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laura E Diamond
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - David J Saxby
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Suskens JJM, Tol JL, Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Maas H, van Dieën JH, Reurink G. Activity distribution among the hamstring muscles during high-speed running: A descriptive multichannel surface EMG study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:954-965. [PMID: 36752650 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assessed activity distribution among the hamstring muscles during high-speed running. The objective was to compare within and between muscle activity, relative contribution and hip and knee joint angles at peak muscle activity during high-speed running. METHODS Through multichannel electromyography, we measured muscle activity in male basketball players during high-speed running on a treadmill at 15 locations: five for biceps femoris long head, four for semitendinosus, and six for semimembranosus. Muscle activity was calculated for each location within each hamstring muscle individually for each percent of a stride cycle. RESULTS Twenty-nine non-injured basketball players were included (mean age: 17 ± 1 years; mass, 85 ± 9 kg; height, 193 ± 9 cm). Heterogeneous activity was found for all individual hamstring muscles across multiple events of the stride cycle. In the late-swing phase, muscle activity and relative contribution of the semimembranosus was significantly higher than of the semitendinosus. There was no significant difference in hip and knee joint angles at instant of peak muscle activity, assessed locally within individual hamstring muscles, as well as in general over the whole hamstring muscle. CONCLUSION Hamstring muscles were most active in the late-swing phase during high-speed running. In this phase, the semimembranosus was most active and the semitendinosus was least active. Within the biceps femoris long head, the most proximal region was significantly more active in the late-swing phase, compared to other muscle regions. For each muscle and location, peak muscle activity occurred at similar hip and knee joint angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef J M Suskens
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes L Tol
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gino M M J Kerkhoffs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huub Maas
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gustaaf Reurink
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Cruz-Montecinos C, García-Massó X, Maas H, Cerda M, Ruiz-Del-Solar J, Tapia C. Detection of intermuscular coordination based on the causality of empirical mode decomposition. Med Biol Eng Comput 2023; 61:497-509. [PMID: 36527531 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-022-02736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Considering the stochastic nature of electromyographic (EMG) signals, nonlinear methods may be a more accurate approach to study intermuscular coordination than the linear approach. The aims of this study were to assess the coordination between two ankle plantar flexors using EMG by applying the causal decomposition approach and assessing whether the intermuscular coordination is affected by the slope of the treadmill. The medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus muscles (SOL) were analyzed during the treadmill walking at inclinations of 0°, 5°, and 10°. The coordination was evaluated using ensemble empirical mode decomposition, and the causal interaction was encoded by the instantaneous phase dependence of time series bi-directional causality. To estimate the mutual predictability between MG and SOL, the cross-approximate entropy (XApEn) was assessed. The maximal causal interaction was observed between 40 and 75 Hz independent of inclination. XApEn showed a significant decrease between 0° and 5° (p = 0.028), between 5° and 10° (p = 0.038), and between 0° and 10° (p = 0.014), indicating an increase in coordination. Thus, causal decomposition is an appropriate methodology to study intermuscular coordination. These results indicate that the variation of loading through the change in treadmill inclination increases the interaction of the shared input between MG and SOL, suggesting increased intermuscular coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cruz-Montecinos
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Clinical Biomechanics, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Xavier García-Massó
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Human Movement Analysis Group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mauricio Cerda
- Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Center for Medical Informatics and Telemedicine (CIMT), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Claudio Tapia
- Laboratory of Clinical Biomechanics, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago, Chile. .,Departamento de Kinesiología, Facultad de Artes Y Educación Física, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de La Educación, Santiago, Chile.
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Xiao F, Maas H, van Dieën JH, Pranata A, Adams R, Han J. Chronic non-specific low back pain and ankle proprioceptive acuity in community-dwelling older adults. Neurosci Lett 2022; 786:136806. [PMID: 35850319 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For people above 65 years old, low-back pain (LBP) is associated with balance problems and falls. Down-weighting of proprioception due to ageing and LBP may cause such balance problems. While lumbar proprioceptive deficits have been shown in LBP and indications for more generalized deficits have been found, ankle proprioception, which is crucial for balance control, has not been studied in people with LBP. RESEARCH QUESTION Is there any difference in ankle proprioceptive acuity between community-dwelling older adults with and without LBP? We hypothesized that ankle proprioception was impaired in community-dwelling older adults with LBP compared to those without LBP. METHODS Thirty participants over 65 years old volunteered. Fifteen had LBP (M/F = 2/13, age = 72.0 (4.6) years), fifteen were healthy controls without back pain (control group) (M/F = 2/13, age = 72.1 (4.8) years). Ankle proprioception was measured in normal weight-bearing conditions, using the Active Movement Extent Discrimination Apparatus (AMEDA). Accuracy on the ankle proprioceptive test was expressed as absolute error (AE), constant error (CE) and variable error (VE). RESULTS AE was significantly larger (P = 0.029, 95 % CI = [0.00, 0.90]) in the LBP group, CE was also significantly larger (P = 0.046, 95 % CI = [-0.91, -0.01]), indicating an underestimation of ankle inversion in participants with LBP compared to controls. VE was not different between the two groups (P = 0.520, 95 % CI = [-0.20, 0.59]). No significant correlation was found between pain intensity and AE, CE or VE (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Ankle proprioception decreased in older people with LBP compared to healthy peers, suggesting impaired central proprioceptive processing. Older people with LBP underestimate the extent of ankle inversion, which may increase fall risk. Thus, evaluation and training of ankle proprioception may be useful in older people with LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxin Xiao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China; Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adrian Pranata
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China; Department of Nursing and Allied Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roger Adams
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jia Han
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China; College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia; Department of Nursing and Allied Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
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12
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Baan GC, Maas H. Three-dimensional interactive graphical model of the hindlimb muscles of the rat. Cells Tissues Organs 2022:000523708. [PMID: 35203082 DOI: 10.1159/000523708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many questions in human movement sciences are addressed by exploiting the advantages of animal models. However, a 3D model of the musculoskeletal system of the frequently used rat model that includes a sufficient level of detail does not exist. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to develop an freely accessible 3D model of the rat hindlimb. Using the anatomical data of the Wistar rat (Mus norveqicus albinus) published by Green [Greene, 1935], a 3D representation of 34 muscles of the hindlimb was drawn. Two models were created, one using muscle like appearances and one using different colors. Each muscle can be viewed separately or within the context of its synergistic and antagonistic muscles. This model can serve to train new students before starting their experiments, but also for producing illustrations of experimental conditions or results. Further development of the model will be needed to equip it with the same advanced functionalities of some of the human anatomy atlases.
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Cruz-Montecinos C, Maas H, Cerda M, Pérez-Alenda S. Altered neural control of gait and its association with pain and joint impairment in adults with haemophilic arthropathy: Clinical and methodological implications. Haemophilia 2022; 28:497-504. [PMID: 35201643 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is unknown whether altered neural control is associated with clinical outcomes in people with haemophilic arthropathy (PWHA). The dynamic motor control index during walking (Walk-DMC) is a summary metric of neural control. AIMS The primary aim of this study was to apply the Walk-DMC to assess if people diagnosed with haemophilic arthropathy have impaired neural control of gait and investigate the association of Walk-DMC with pain and joint impairment. METHOD The Walk-DMC was assessed using surface electromyography in 11 leg muscles. Twenty-two PWHA and 15 healthy subjects walked on a 30-m walkway at 1 m/s. In addition, pain (visual analogue scale), knee flexion contracture (degrees) and joint impairment (Haemophilia Joint Health Score, HJHS) were assessed. The clinical outcomes were correlated with the Walk-DMC. Multiple regression analysis was performed to predict the Walk-DMC using the clinical outcomes. RESULTS In 13 PWHA the Walk-DMC was beyond the normal range (80-120 pts). PWHA with an altered Walk-DMC showed more years with arthropathy, more pain, higher knee flexion contracture and a higher HJHS score (P < .05, effect size > .8). Significant negative moderate associations between Walk-DMC and pain, knee flexion contracture and HJHS were found (P < .05). The model that best predicted the Walk-DMC was the pain with knee flexion contracture (R2 = .44; P = .004). CONCLUSIONS PWHA with abnormal neural control of gait also has more years with arthropathy, more pain, and more impaired joints. Our results indicate an association between the Walk-DMC index and joint damage, specifically with pain in combination with knee flexion contracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cruz-Montecinos
- Physiotherapy in Motion Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Clinical Biomechanics, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mauricio Cerda
- SCIAN-Lab, Programme of Integrative Biology, ICBM, & Center for Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofía Pérez-Alenda
- Physiotherapy in Motion Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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14
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Alizadehsaravi L, Koster RAJ, Muijres W, Maas H, Bruijn SM, van Dieën JH. The underlying mechanisms of improved balance after one and ten sessions of balance training in older adults. Hum Mov Sci 2021; 81:102910. [PMID: 34864610 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2021.102910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Training improves balance control in older adults, but the time course and neural mechanisms underlying these improvements are unclear. We studied balance robustness and performance, H-reflex gains, paired reflex depression, and co-contraction duration in ankle muscles after one and ten training sessions in 22 older adults (+65 yrs). Mediolateral balance robustness, time to balance loss in unipedal standing on a platform with decreasing rotational stiffness, improved (33%) after one session, with no further improvement after ten sessions. Balance performance, absolute mediolateral center of mass velocity, improved (18.75%) after one session in perturbed unipedal standing and (18.18%) after ten sessions in unperturbed unipedal standing. Co-contraction duration of soleus/tibialis anterior increased (16%) after ten sessions. H-reflex gain and paired reflex depression excitability did not change. H-reflex gains were lower, and soleus/tibialis anterior co-contraction duration was higher in participants with more robust balance after ten sessions, and co-contraction duration was higher in participants with better balance performance at several time-points. Changes in robustness and performance were uncorrelated with changes in co-contraction duration, H-reflex gain, or paired reflex depression. In older adults, balance robustness improved over a single session, while performance improved gradually over multiple sessions. Changes in co-contraction and excitability of ankle muscles were not exclusive causes of improved balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Alizadehsaravi
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud A J Koster
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter Muijres
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Movement Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd M Bruijn
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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15
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Maas H, Noort W, Smilde HA, Vincent JA, Nardelli P, Cope TC. Detection of epimuscular myofascial forces by Golgi tendon organs. Exp Brain Res 2021; 240:147-158. [PMID: 34677632 PMCID: PMC8803698 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles embed multiple tendon organs, both at the proximal and distal ends of muscle fibers. One of the functions of such spatial distribution may be to provide locally unique force feedback, which may become more important when stresses are distributed non-uniformly within the muscle. Forces exerted by connections between adjacent muscles (i.e. epimuscular myofascial forces) may cause such local differences in force. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the effects of mechanical interactions between adjacent muscles on sensory encoding by tendon organs. Action potentials from single afferents were recorded intra-axonally in response to ramp-hold release (RHR) stretches of a passive agonistic muscle at different lengths or relative positions of its passive synergist. The tendons of gastrocnemius (GAS), plantaris (PL) and soleus (SO) muscles were cut from the skeleton for attachment to servomotors. Connective tissues among these muscles were kept intact. Lengthening GAS + PL decreased the force threshold of SO tendon organs (p = 0.035). The force threshold of lateral gastrocnemius (LG) tendon organs was not affected by SO length (p = 0.371). Also displacing LG + PL, kept at a constant muscle-tendon unit length, from a proximal to a more distal position resulted in a decrease in force threshold of LG tendon organs (p = 0.007). These results indicate that tendon organ firing is affected by changes in length and/or relative position of adjacent synergistic muscles. We conclude that tendon organs can provide the central nervous system with information about local stresses caused by epimuscular myofascial forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wendy Noort
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hiltsje A Smilde
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Jacob A Vincent
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Paul Nardelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
- School of Biological Sciences and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy C Cope
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
- School of Biological Sciences and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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16
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Héroux ME, Whitaker RM, Maas H, Herbert RD. Negligible epimuscular myofascial force transmission between the human rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles in passive conditions. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:3369-3377. [PMID: 34468860 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There have been contradictory reports of the effects of epimuscular myofascial force transmission in humans. This study investigated the transmission of myofascial force to the human vastus lateralis muscle by determining whether vastus lateralis slack angle changed with hip angle. Since the distance between the origin and insertion of the vastus lateralis muscle does not change when hip angle changes, any change in vastus lateralis slack angle with hip position can be attributed to epimuscular myofascial force transmission. METHODS Nineteen young adults were tested in hip flexed ([Formula: see text]) and neutral ([Formula: see text]) positions. Ultrasound images of the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained as the knee was passively flexed at [Formula: see text]/s. The knee angle at which vastus lateralis muscle fascicles began to lengthen was used to identify muscle slack angle. RESULTS Overall, there was a negligible effect of hip position on vastus lateralis slack angle ([Formula: see text] [[Formula: see text] to 1.9]; mean [95% confidence interval]). However, a small and variable effect was noted in 3/19 participants. CONCLUSION This result indicates that, over the range of joint angles tested here, there is little or no epimuscular myofascial force transmission between the vastus lateralis muscle and neighbouring bi-articular structures under passive conditions. More broadly, this result provides additional evidence that epimuscular myofascial force transmission tends to be small and variable under passive conditions in healthy human muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E Héroux
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Margaret Ainsworth Building, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia. .,University of New South Wales, 2031, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rachelle M Whitaker
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert D Herbert
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Margaret Ainsworth Building, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.,University of New South Wales, 2031, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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17
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Paudyal A, Degens H, Baan GC, Noort W, Slevin M, van Wegen E, Kwakkel G, Maas H. Changes in muscle-tendon unit length-force characteristics following experimentally induced photothrombotic stroke cannot be explained by changes in muscle belly structure. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2509-2519. [PMID: 34061247 PMCID: PMC8357775 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the effects of experimentally induced photothrombotic stroke on structural and mechanical properties of rat m. flexor carpi ulnaris. METHODS Two groups of Young-adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were measured: stroke (n = 9) and control (n = 7). Photothrombotic stroke was induced in the forelimb region of the primary sensorimotor cortex. Four weeks later, muscle-tendon unit and muscle belly length-force characteristics of the m. flexor carpi ulnaris, mechanical interaction with the neighbouring m. palmaris longus, the number of sarcomeres in series within muscle fibres, and the physiological cross-sectional area were measured. RESULTS Stroke resulted in higher force and stiffness of the m. flexor carpi ulnaris at optimum muscle-tendon unit length, but only for the passive conditions. Stroke did not alter the length-force characteristics of m. flexor carpi ulnaris muscle belly, morphological characteristics, and the extent of mechanical interaction with m. palmaris longus muscle. CONCLUSION The higher passive force and passive stiffness at the muscle-tendon unit level in the absence of changes in structural and mechanical characteristics of the muscle belly indicates that the experimentally induced stroke resulted in an increased stiffness of the tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Paudyal
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Guus C Baan
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Noort
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Slevin
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Erwin van Wegen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Kwakkel
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Maas H, Arndt T, Franz JR. Editorial: Tendon Structure-Function Relationship in Health, Ageing, and Injury. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:701815. [PMID: 34222862 PMCID: PMC8249574 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.701815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Toni Arndt
- Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jason R Franz
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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19
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Cruz-Montecinos C, Pérez-Alenda S, Cerda M, Maas H. Modular reorganization of gait in chronic but not in artificial knee joint constraint. J Neurophysiol 2021; 126:516-531. [PMID: 34133242 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00418.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is currently unknown if modular reorganization does occur if not the central nervous system, but the musculoskeletal system is affected. The aims of this study were to investigate 1) the effects of an artificial knee joint constraint on the modular organization of gait in healthy subjects; and 2) the differences in modular organization between healthy subjects with an artificial knee joint constraint and people with a similar but chronic knee joint constraint. Eleven healthy subjects and eight people with a chronic knee joint constraint walked overground at 1 m/s. The healthy subjects also walked with a constraint limiting knee joint movement to 20°. The total variance accounted (tVAF) for one to four synergies and modular organization were assessed using surface electromyography from 11 leg muscles. The distribution of number of synergies were not significantly different between groups. The tVAF and the motor modules were not significantly affected by the artificial knee constraint. A higher tVAF for one and two synergies, as well as merging of motor modules were observed in the chronic knee constraint group. We conclude that in the short-term a knee constraint does not affect the modular organization of gait, but in the long-term a knee constraint results in modular reorganization. These results indicate that merging of motor modules may also occur when changes in the mechanics of the musculoskeletal system is the primary cause of the motor impairment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY It is currently unknown if modular reorganization does occur if not the central nervous system, but the musculoskeletal system is affected. This study showed that in the short-term a knee constraint does not affect the modular organization of gait, but in the long-term a knee constraint results in modular reorganization. These results indicate that modular reorganization may also occur when changes in the mechanics of the musculoskeletal system is the primary cause of the motor impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cruz-Montecinos
- Physiotherapy in Motion Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Clinical Biomechanics, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofía Pérez-Alenda
- Physiotherapy in Motion Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mauricio Cerda
- Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Middelburg JG, Middelburg RA, van Zwienen M, Mast ME, Bhawanie A, Jobsen JJ, Rozema T, Maas H, Geijsen ED, van der Leest AH, van den Bongard DHJG, van Loon J, Budiharto T, Aarts MJ, Terhaard CHJ, Struikmans H. Impaired Geriatric 8 Score is Associated with Worse Survival after Radiotherapy in Older Patients with Cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2020; 33:e203-e210. [PMID: 32972801 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether the Geriatric 8 (G8) score and the Timed Get Up and Go Test (TGUGT), together with clinical and demographic patient characteristics, are associated with survival and late toxicity after (chemo)radiation therapy, administered with curative intent in older patients with cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four hundred and two patients aged ≥65 years (median age 72 years, range 65-96 years), diagnosed with either breast, non-small cell lung, prostate, head and neck, rectal or oesophageal cancer, and referred for curative (chemo)radiation therapy, took part in a multicentre prospective cohort study in eight radiotherapy centres in the Netherlands. The G8 and TGUGT scores were assessed before starting treatment. Other potential predictors and late toxicity were also recorded. Survival status and date of death, if applicable, were ascertained at the Dutch national death registry. RESULTS After 2.5 years, the overall survival was 83%. Survival was 87% for patients with high G8 scores and 55% for patients with low G8 scores (Log-rank P value < 0.0001). Survival was 77% for patients with good TGUGT results and 50% for patients with poor TGUGT results (Log-rank P value < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, in addition to age and type of primary tumour, the association of the G8 score with overall survival remained, with a hazard ratio of 2.1 (95% confidence interval 1.2-3.8) for low versus high scores. CONCLUSIONS G8 was associated with overall survival in older patients with cancer irradiated with curative intent. This association was independent of the predictive value of age and primary tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Middelburg
- Erasmus Medical Center, Radiotherapy, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - R A Middelburg
- Sanquin Research, Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M van Zwienen
- Erasmus Medical Center, Radiotherapy, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M E Mast
- Haaglanden Medical Center, Department of Radiotherapy, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - A Bhawanie
- Medisch Spectrum Twente, Radiation Oncology, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - J J Jobsen
- Medisch Spectrum Twente, Radiation Oncology, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - T Rozema
- Institute Verbeeten, Radiotherapy, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - H Maas
- Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - E D Geijsen
- Academic Medical Center, Radiotherapy, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A H van der Leest
- University Medical Center Groningen, Radiotherapy, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - J van Loon
- Maastricht University Medical Center, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro Clinic), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - T Budiharto
- Catharina Ziekenhuis, Department of Radiotherapy, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - M J Aarts
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization IKNL, Netherlands Cancer Registry, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C H J Terhaard
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Radiotherapy, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - H Struikmans
- Haaglanden Medical Center, Department of Radiotherapy, The Hague, the Netherlands
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Gains CC, Correia JC, Baan GC, Noort W, Screen HRC, Maas H. Force Transmission Between the Gastrocnemius and Soleus Sub-Tendons of the Achilles Tendon in Rat. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:700. [PMID: 32766214 PMCID: PMC7379440 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Achilles tendon (AT) is comprised of three distinct sub-tendons bound together by the inter-subtendon matrix (ISTM). The interactions between sub-tendons will have important implications for AT function. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which the ISTM facilitates relative sliding between sub-tendons, and serves as a pathway for force transmission between the gastrocnemius (GAS) and soleus (SOL) sub-tendons of the rat AT. In this study, ATs were harvested from Wistar rats, and the mechanical behavior and composition of the ISTM were explored. To determine force transmission between sub-tendons, the proximal and distal ends of the GAS and SOL sub-tendons were secured, and the forces at each of these locations were measured during proximal loading of the GAS. To determine the ISTM mechanical behavior, only the proximal GAS and distal SOL were secured, and the ISTM was loaded in shear. Finally, for compositional analysis, histological examination assessed the distribution of matrix proteins throughout sub-tendons and the ISTM. The results revealed distinct differences between the forces at the proximal and distal ends of both sub-tendons when proximal loading was applied to the GAS, indicating force transmission between GAS and SOL sub-tendons. Inter-subtendon matrix tests demonstrated an extended initial low stiffness toe region to enable some sub-tendon sliding, coupled with high stiffness linear region such that force transmission between sub-tendons is ensured. Histological data demonstrate an enrichment of collagen III, elastin, lubricin and hyaluronic acid in the ISTM. We conclude that ISTM composition and mechanical behavior are specialized to allow some independent sub-tendon movement, whilst still ensuring capacity for force transmission between the sub-tendons of the AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor C Gains
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janaina C Correia
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guus C Baan
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wendy Noort
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hazel R C Screen
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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22
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Alizadehsaravi L, Bruijn SM, Maas H, van Dieën JH. Modulation of soleus muscle H-reflexes and ankle muscle co-contraction with surface compliance during unipedal balancing in young and older adults. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:1371-1383. [PMID: 32266445 PMCID: PMC7286858 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess modulation of lower leg muscle reflex excitability and co-contraction during unipedal balancing on compliant surfaces in young and older adults. Twenty healthy adults (ten aged 18–30 years and ten aged 65–80 years) were recruited. Soleus muscle H-reflexes were elicited by electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve, while participants stood unipedally on a robot-controlled balance platform, simulating different levels of surface compliance. In addition, electromyographic data (EMG) of soleus (SOL), tibialis anterior (TA), and peroneus longus (PL) and full-body 3D kinematic data were collected. The mean absolute center of mass velocity was determined as a measure of balance performance. Soleus H-reflex data were analyzed in terms of the amplitude related to the M wave and the background EMG activity 100 ms prior to the stimulation. The relative duration of co-contraction was calculated for soleus and tibialis anterior, as well as for peroneus longus and tibialis anterior. Center of mass velocity was significantly higher in older adults compared to young adults (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$p<0.001)$$\end{document}p<0.001) and increased with increasing surface compliance in both groups (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$p<0.001)$$\end{document}p<0.001). The soleus H-reflex gain decreased with surface compliance in young adults \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${(p}_{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{L},\mathrm{T}\mathrm{A}}=0.003\ \mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}\ {p}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{L},\mathrm{T}\mathrm{A}}<0.001)$$\end{document}(pSOL,TA=0.003andpPL,TA<0.001). Older adults did not show such modulations, but showed overall lower H-reflex gains \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$(p<0.001)$$\end{document}(p<0.001) and higher co-contraction than young adults \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${(p}_{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{L},\mathrm{T}\mathrm{A}}<0.001\ \mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}\ {p}_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{L},\mathrm{T}\mathrm{A}}=0.002)$$\end{document}(pSOL,TA<0.001andpPL,TA=0.002). These results suggest an overall shift in balance control from the spinal level to supraspinal levels in older adults, which also occurred in young adults when balancing at more compliant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Alizadehsaravi
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behaviour Amsterdam and Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd M Bruijn
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behaviour Amsterdam and Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behaviour Amsterdam and Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behaviour Amsterdam and Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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23
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Cruz-Montecinos C, Pérez-Alenda S, Querol F, Cerda M, Maas H. Changes in Muscle Activity Patterns and Joint Kinematics During Gait in Hemophilic Arthropathy. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1575. [PMID: 32076411 PMCID: PMC7006441 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemophilic arthropathy is the result of repetitive intra-articular bleeding and synovial inflammation. In people with hemophilic arthropathy (PWHA), very little is known about the neural control of individual muscles during movement. The aim of the present study was to assess if the neural control of individual muscles and coordination between antagonistic muscle pairs and joint kinematics during gait are affected in PWHA. Thirteen control subjects (CG) walked overground at their preferred and slow velocity (1 m/s), and 14 PWHA walked overground at the preferred velocity (1 m/s). Joint kinematics and temporal gait parameters were assessed using four inertial sensors. Surface electromyography (EMG) was collected from gluteus maximus (GMAX), gluteus medius (GMED), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), medial gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), soleus (SOL), tibialis anterior (TA), semitendinosus (ST), and biceps femoris (BF). Waveforms were compared using the time-series analysis through statistical parametric mapping. In PWHA compared to CG, EMG amplitude during the stance phase was higher for LG (for both velocities of the CG), BF (slow velocity only), and ST (preferred velocity only) (p < 0.05). Co-contraction during the stance phase was higher for MG-TA, LG-TA, VL-BF, VM-ST, LG-VL, and MG-VM (both velocities) (p < 0.05). MG and LG were excited earlier (preferred velocity only) (p < 0.05). A later offset during the stance phase was found for VL, BF, and ST (both velocities), and BF and GMAX (preferred velocity only) (p < 0.05). In addition, the range of motion in knee and ankle joints was lower in PWHA (both velocities) and hip joint (preferred velocity only) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the neural control of individual muscles and coordination between antagonistic muscles during gait in PWHA differs substantially from control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cruz-Montecinos
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Clinical Biomechanics, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Felipe Querol
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mauricio Cerda
- SCIAN-Lab, Anatomy and Developmental Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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24
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Maas H, Noort W, Baan GC, Finni T. Non-uniformity of displacement and strain within the Achilles tendon is affected by joint angle configuration and differential muscle loading. J Biomech 2020; 101:109634. [PMID: 31983404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although the Achilles tendon (AT) has been studied for more than a century, a complete understanding of the mechanical and functional consequences of AT structural organization is currently lacking. The aim of this study was to assess how joint angle configuration affects subtendon displacement and strain of soleus (SOL) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscles. Knots sutured onto SOL and LG subtendons of 12 Wistar rats, were videotaped to quantify displacements and the ankle torque was assessed for different isometric activation conditions (i.e., individual and simultaneous) of the triceps surae muscles. Changing ankle and knee joint angle affected the magnitude of displacement, relative displacement and strain of both SOL and LG subtendons. SOL subtendon behavior was not only affected by changes in ankle angle, but also by changes in knee angle. Displacement of SOL subtendon decreased (28-49%), but strain increased in response to knee extension. Independent of joint angle configuration, stimulation of any combination of the muscles typically resulted in displacements and strains of LG and SOL subtendons. Typically SOL displaced more but LG displaced more when stimulated at longer muscle lengths. Our results demonstrate that the distinct subtendons of the Achilles tendon can move and deform differently, but are not fully independent. Within the AT, there appears to be a precarious balance between sliding allowance and mechanical connectivity between subtendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, the Netherlands.
| | - Wendy Noort
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, the Netherlands
| | - Guus C Baan
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, the Netherlands
| | - Taija Finni
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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25
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Abstract
In the past 20 yr, force transmission via connective tissue linkages at the muscle belly surface, called epimuscular myofascial force transmission, has been studied extensively. In this article, the effects of epimuscular linkages under passive muscle conditions are reviewed. Several animal studies that included direct (invasive) measurements of force transmission have shown that different connective tissue structures serve as an epimuscular pathway and that these tissues have sufficient stiffness, especially at supraphysiological muscle lengths and relative positions, to transmit substantial passive forces (up to 15% of active optimal force). Exact values of lumped tissue stiffness for different connective tissue structures have not yet been estimated. Experiments using various imaging techniques (ultrasound, MRI, shear wave elastography) have yielded some, but weak, evidence of epimuscular myofascial force transmission for passive muscles in humans. At this point, the functional consequences of epimuscular pathways for muscle and joint mechanics in the intact body are still unknown. Potentially, however, these pathways may affect sensory feedback and, thereby, neuromuscular control. In addition, altered epimuscular force transmission in pathological conditions may also contribute to changes in passive range of joint motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Cruz-Montecinos C, Pérez-Alenda S, Cerda M, Maas H. Neuromuscular control during gait in people with haemophilic arthropathy. Haemophilia 2019; 25:e69-e77. [PMID: 30748060 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effects of haemophilic arthropathy on neuromuscular control during gait are currently unknown. AIMS (a) To assess how haemophilic arthropathy affects the complexity of neuromuscular control during gait; (b) To investigate the relationship between complexity of neuromuscular control and joint impairment. METHODS Thirteen control subjects (CG) walked overground at their preferred and a slow velocity and thirteen people with haemophilic arthropathy (PWHA) walking at their preferred velocity. Surface electromyography (EMG) was collected from eleven leg muscles. Electromyography variance explained by muscle synergies (sets of co-activated muscles that can be recruited by a single signal) was calculated by the total variance accounted (tVAF). Three measures were used to evaluate complexity of neuromuscular control: (a) the number of synergies required for tVAF > 90%, (b) tVAF as a function of the number of muscle synergies, and (c) the dynamic motor control index (Walk-DMC). Impairment of ankle and knee joints was determined by the Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS). RESULTS The same number of the muscle synergies was found for each group (P > 0.05). For both walking velocities tested, tVAF1 was higher in PHWA (P < 0.05). The Walk-DMC of PWHA was lower than that of the CG for both walking velocities (P < 0.05). For PWHA, no significant correlation was found between HJHS (sum knee and ankle) and Walk-DMC index (r = -0.32, P = 0.28). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate differences between PWHA and CG in the neuromuscular control of gait. The Walk-DMC and tVAF1 may be useful measures to assess changes in neuromuscular control in response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cruz-Montecinos
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Clinical Biomechanics, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Mauricio Cerda
- SCIAN-Lab, Programme of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, ICBM, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Abstract
Many studies have shown that connective tissue linkages can transmit force between synergistic muscles and that such force transmission depends on the position of these muscles relative to each other and on properties of their intermuscular connective tissues. Moving neighboring muscles has been reported to cause longitudinal deformations within passive muscles held at a constant muscle-tendon unit (MTU) length (e.g., soleus [SO]), but muscle forces were not directly measured. Deformations do not provide a direct measure of the force transmitted between muscles. We combined two different muscle preparations to assess whether myofascial loads exerted by neighboring muscles result in length changes of SO fascicles. We investigated the effects of proximal MTU length changes of two-joint gastrocnemius (GA) and plantaris (PL) muscles on the fascicle length of the one-joint SO muscle within (1) an intact muscle compartment and (2) a disrupted compartment that allowed measurements of fascicle length and distal tendon force of SO simultaneously. SO muscle bellies of Wistar rats (n = 5) were implanted with sonomicrometry crystals. In three animals, connectivity between SO and GA+PL was enhanced. Measurements were performed before and during maximal excitation of all plantar flexor muscles. In both setups, MTU length of GA+PL did not affect the length of SO fascicles, neither during passive nor active conditions. However, lengthening the MTU of GA+PL increased distal tendon force of SO by 43.3-97.8% (P < 0.001) and 27.5-182.6% (P < 0.001), respectively. This indicates that substantial myofascial force transmission between SO and synergistic muscle can occur via a connective tissue network running parallel to the series of SO sarcomeres without substantial length changes of SO fascicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Tijs
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Concord Field Station-Harvard University, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - Michel Bernabei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Herer B, Anllo H, Bocahu Y, Bréfort S, Darné C, Delignières A, Gilbert M, Haniez F, Jaillet H, Maas H, Mach V, Pytlak C, Saada M, Segundo I, Larue F. Effets de l’hypnose dans la dyspnée de la BPCO grave. Rev Mal Respir 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Cruz-Montecinos C, Pérez-Alenda S, Contreras-Sepúlveda F, Querol F, Cerda M, Maas H. Assessment of tensile mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon in adult patients with haemophilic arthropathy. Reproducibility study. Haemophilia 2018; 25:e27-e29. [PMID: 30375147 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cruz-Montecinos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Laboratory of Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Biomechanics, Hospital San José, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Felipe Querol
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mauricio Cerda
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Mirakhorlo M, Van Beek N, Wesseling M, Maas H, Veeger HEJ, Jonkers I. A musculoskeletal model of the hand and wrist: model definition and evaluation. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2018; 21:548-557. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2018.1490952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mirakhorlo
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N. Van Beek
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M. Wesseling
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H. Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H. E. J. Veeger
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - I. Jonkers
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Chang YH, Housley SN, Hart KS, Nardelli P, Nichols RT, Maas H, Cope TC. Progressive adaptation of whole-limb kinematics after peripheral nerve injury. Biol Open 2018; 7:7/8/bio028852. [PMID: 30082274 PMCID: PMC6124561 DOI: 10.1242/bio.028852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to recover purposeful movement soon after debilitating neuromuscular injury is essential to animal survival. Various neural and mechanical mechanisms exist to preserve whole-limb kinematics despite exhibiting long-term deficits of individual joints following peripheral nerve injury. However, it is unclear whether functionally relevant whole-limb movement is acutely conserved following injury. Therefore, the objective of this longitudinal study of the injury response from four individual cats was to test the hypothesis that whole-limb length is conserved following localized nerve injury of ankle extensors in cats with intact nervous systems. The primary finding of our study was that whole-limb kinematics during walking was not immediately preserved following peripheral nerve injuries that paralyzed subsets of ankle extensor muscles. Instead, whole-limb kinematics recovered gradually over multiple weeks, despite having the mechanical capacity of injury-spared muscles across all joints to achieve immediate functional recovery. The time taken to achieve complete recovery of whole-limb kinematics is consistent with an underlying process that relies on neuromuscular adaptation. Importantly, the gradual recovery of ankle joint kinematics remained incomplete, discontinuing once whole-limb kinematics had fully recovered. These findings support the hypothesis that a whole-limb representation of healthy limb function guides a locomotor compensation strategy after neuromuscular injury that arrests progressive changes in the joint kinematics once whole-limb kinematics is regained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hui Chang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Stephen N Housley
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Kerry S Hart
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
| | - Paul Nardelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Richard T Nichols
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Timothy C Cope
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA .,School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.,The Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Tech College of Engineering and Emory School of Medicine Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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32
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Dupan SS, Stegeman DF, Maas H. Distinct neural control of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the hand during single finger pressing. Hum Mov Sci 2018; 59:223-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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33
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Mirakhorlo M, Maas H, Veeger HEJ. Increased enslaving in elderly is associated with changes in neural control of the extrinsic finger muscles. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:1583-1592. [PMID: 29572650 PMCID: PMC5982445 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Aging has consequences for hand motor control, among others affecting finger force enslaving during static pressing tasks. The aim of this study was to assess whether the extent of finger force enslaving changes with aging during a task that involves both static and dynamic phases. Ten right-handed young (22-30 years) and ten elderly subjects (67-79 years) were instructed to first exert a constant force (static phase) and then flex their index finger while counteracting constant resistance forces orthogonal to their fingertips (dynamic phase). The other fingers (non-instructed) were held in extension. EMG activities of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and extensor digitorum (ED) muscles in the regions corresponding to the index, middle and ring fingers together with their forces and position of index finger were measured. In both elderly and young, forces exerted by the non-instructed fingers increased (around 0.6 N for both young and elderly) during isotonic flexion of the index finger, but with a different delay of on average 100 ± 72 ms in elderly and 334 ± 101 ms in young subjects. Results also suggest different responses in activity of FDS and ED muscle regions of the non-instructed fingers to index finger flexion between elderly and young subjects. The enslaving effect was significantly higher in elderly than in young subjects both in the static (12% more) and dynamic (14% more) phases. These differences in enslaving can at least partly be explained by changes in neuromuscular control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mirakhorlo
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - H Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H E J Veeger
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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Lyle MA, Nichols TR, Kajtaz E, Maas H. Musculotendon adaptations and preservation of spinal reflex pathways following agonist-to-antagonist tendon transfer. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/9/e13201. [PMID: 28468849 PMCID: PMC5430118 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon transfer surgeries are performed to restore lost motor function, but outcomes are variable, particularly those involving agonist‐to‐antagonist muscles. Here, we evaluated the possibility that lack of proprioceptive feedback reorganization and musculotendon adaptations could influence outcomes. Plantaris‐to‐tibialis anterior tendon transfer along with resection of the distal third of the tibialis anterior muscle belly was performed in eight cats. Four cats had concurrent transection of the deep peroneal nerve. After 15–20 weeks, intermuscular length and force‐dependent sensory feedback were examined between hindlimb muscles, and the integrity of the tendon‐to‐tendon connection and musculotendon adaptations were evaluated. Three of the transferred tendons tore. A common finding was the formation of new tendinous connections, which often inserted near the original location of insertion on the skeleton (e.g., connections from plantaris toward calcaneus and from tibialis anterior toward first metatarsal). The newly formed tissue connections are expected to compromise the mechanical action of the transferred muscle. We found no evidence of changes in intermuscular reflexes between transferred plantaris muscle and synergists/antagonists whether the tendon‐to‐tendon connection remained intact or tore, indicating no spinal reflex reorganization. We propose the lack of spinal reflex reorganization could contribute the transferred muscle not adopting the activation patterns of the host muscle. Taken together, these findings suggest that musculotendon plasticity and lack of spinal reflex circuitry reorganization could limit functional outcomes after tendon transfer surgery. Surgical planning and outcomes assessments after tendon transfer surgery should consider potential consequences of the transferred muscle's intermuscular spinal circuit actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lyle
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - T Richard Nichols
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elma Kajtaz
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Maas H, Noort W, Hodges PW, van Dieën J. Effects of intervertebral disc lesion and multifidus muscle resection on the structure of the lumbar intervertebral discs and paraspinal musculature of the rat. J Biomech 2018; 70:228-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Finni T, Bernabei M, Baan GC, Noort W, Tijs C, Maas H. Cover Image Volume 28, Issue 3. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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van Beek N, Stegeman DF, van den Noort JC, (H.E.J.) Veeger D, Maas H. Activity patterns of extrinsic finger flexors and extensors during movements of instructed and non-instructed fingers. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2018; 38:187-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
The presence of mechanical linkages between synergistic muscles and their common tendons may distribute forces among the involved structures. We review studies, using humans and other animals, examining muscle and tendon interactions and discuss the hypothesis that connections between muscle bellies and within tendons may serve as a mechanism to distribute forces and mitigate peak stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taija Finni
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gregor RJ, Maas H, Bulgakova MA, Oliver A, English AW, Prilutsky BI. Time course of functional recovery during the first 3 mo after surgical transection and repair of nerves to the feline soleus and lateral gastrocnemius muscles. J Neurophysiol 2017; 119:1166-1185. [PMID: 29187556 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00661.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Locomotion outcomes after peripheral nerve injury and repair in cats have been described in the literature for the period immediately following the injury (muscle denervation period) and then again for an ensuing period of long-term recovery (at 3 mo and longer) resulting in muscle self-reinnervation. Little is known about the changes in muscle activity and walking mechanics during midrecovery, i.e., the early reinnervation period that takes place between 5 and 10 wk of recovery. Here, we investigated hindlimb mechanics and electromyogram (EMG) activity of ankle extensors in six cats during level and slope walking before and every 2 wk thereafter in a 14-wk period of recovery after the soleus (SO) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscle nerves in one hindlimb were surgically transected and repaired. We found that the continued increase in SO and LG EMG magnitudes and corresponding changes in hindlimb mechanics coincided with the formation of neuromuscular synapses revealed in muscle biopsies. Throughout the recovery period, EMG magnitude of SO and LG during the stance phase and the duration of the stance-related activity were load dependent, similar to those in the intact synergistic medial gastrocnemius and plantaris. These results and the fact that EMG activity of ankle extensors and locomotor mechanics during level and upslope walking recovered 14 wk after nerve transection and repair suggest that loss of the stretch reflex in self-reinnervated muscles may be compensated by the recovered force-dependent feedback in self-reinnervated muscles, by increased central drive, and by increased gain in intermuscular motion-dependent pathways from intact ankle extensors. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides new evidence that the timeline for functional recovery of gait after peripheral nerve injury and repair is consistent with the time required for neuromuscular junctions to form and muscles to reach preoperative tensions. Our findings suggest that a permanent loss of autogenic stretch reflex in self-reinnervated muscles may be compensated by recovered intermuscular force-dependent and oligosynaptic length-dependent feedback and central drive to regain adequate locomotor output capabilities during level and upslope walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Gregor
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | | | - Alanna Oliver
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Arthur W English
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Boris I Prilutsky
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
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Finni T, Bernabei M, Baan GC, Noort W, Tijs C, Maas H. Non-uniform displacement and strain between the soleus and gastrocnemius subtendons of rat Achilles tendon. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:1009-1017. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Finni
- Neuromuscular Research Center; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences; University of Jyväskylä; Jyväskylä Finland
| | - M. Bernabei
- Department of Human Movement Sciences; Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Movement Sciences; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - G. C. Baan
- Department of Human Movement Sciences; Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Movement Sciences; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - W. Noort
- Department of Human Movement Sciences; Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Movement Sciences; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - C. Tijs
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University, Concord Field Station; Bedford MA USA
| | - H. Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences; Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam Movement Sciences; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, The Netherlands.
| | - H E J Dirkjan Veeger
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, The Netherlands; Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dick F Stegeman
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, The Netherlands; Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Halton JML, Albisetti M, Biss B, Bomgaars L, Brueckmann M, Gropper S, Harper R, Huang F, Luciani M, Maas H, Tartakovsky I, Mitchell LG. Phase IIa study of dabigatran etexilate in children with venous thrombosis: pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:2147-2157. [PMID: 28921890 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Dabigatran etexilate may provide a new treatment option for pediatric venous thromboembolism. Children aged 1 to < 12 years were given dabigatran etexilate in an open-label, single-arm study. The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship was similar to that seen in adult patients. There were no serious adverse events, bleeding events or recurrent venous thromboembolism. SUMMARY Background The current standard-of-care treatments for pediatric venous thromboembolism (VTE) have limitations. Dabigatran etexilate (DE), a direct thrombin inhibitor, may offer an alternative therapeutic option. Objectives To assess the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of a DE oral liquid formulation (OLF) in pediatric patients with VTE. Patients/Methods Patients who had completed planned treatment with low molecular weight heparin or oral anticoagulants for VTE were enrolled in two age groups (2 to < 12 years and 1 to < 2 years), and received a DE OLF based on an age-adjusted and weight-adjusted nomogram. Originally, patients were to receive a DE OLF twice daily for 3 days, but the protocol was amended to a single dose on day 1. The primary endpoints were pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics-related: plasma concentrations of DE and its metabolites; activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), ecarin clotting time (ECT), and dilute thrombin time (dTT); and pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic (PD) correlation. Safety endpoints included incidence rates of bleeding events and all other adverse events (AEs). Results Eighteen patients entered the study and received the DE OLF (an exposure equivalent to a dose of 150 mg twice daily in adults). The projected steady-state dabigatran trough concentrations were largely comparable between pediatric patients and adults. The PK/PD relationship was linear for ECT and dTT, and non-linear for APTT. No serious or severe AEs, bleeding events, or recurrent VTEs were reported. Mild AEs were reported in three patients in the single-dose group (screening period) and in one patient in the multiple-dose group (on-treatment period). Conclusion The current study supports the further evaluation of DE OLFs in pediatric patients with VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M L Halton
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Albisetti
- Hematology Department, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Biss
- Clinical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Bomgaars
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Brueckmann
- Clinical Development and Medical Affairs, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Ingelheim, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Gropper
- Clinical Development and Medical Affairs, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - R Harper
- Clinical Operations, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bracknell, UK
| | - F Huang
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - M Luciani
- OncoHematology Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - H Maas
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach, Germany
| | - I Tartakovsky
- Clinical Development and Medical Affairs, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - L G Mitchell
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Cruz-Montecinos C, Maas H, Pellegrin-Friedmann C, Tapia C. The importance of cutaneous feedback on neural activation during maximal voluntary contraction. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:2469-2477. [PMID: 29018954 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of cutaneous feedback on neural activation during maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the ankle plantar flexors. METHODS The effects of cutaneous plantar anaesthesia were assessed in 15 subjects and compared to 15 controls, using a one-day pre/post-repeated measures design. Cutaneous plantar anaesthesia was induced by lidocaine injection at the centre of forefoot, lateral midfoot, and heel. Each subject performed isometric MVCs of the ankle plantar flexors. During each isometric ramp contraction, the following variables were assessed: maximal isometric torque; surface electromyography (EMG) activity of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles; and co-contraction index (CCI) between the MG and TA. RESULTS For ankle torque, two-way ANOVA showed no significant interaction between the pre/post-measurements × group (p = 0.166). However, MG activity presented significant interactions between the pre/post-measurements × group (p = 0.014). Post hoc comparisons indicated a decrease of MG activity in the experimental group, from 85.9 ± 11.9 to 62.7 ± 30.8% (p = 0.016). Additionally, the post-anaesthesia MG activity of the experimental group differed statistically with pre- and post-MG activity of the control group (p = 0.027 and p = 0.008, respectively). For TA activity and CCI, two-way ANOVA detected no significant interactions between the pre/post-measurements × group (p = 0.605 and p = 0.332, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that during MVC, cutaneous feedback modulates neural activity to MG muscle, without changing the extent of MG-TA co-contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cruz-Montecinos
- Programa de Magister en Kinesiología y Biomecánica Clínica, Departamento de Kinesiología, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, San José Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Claudio Tapia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Rehabilitacion, Universidad Andres Bello, Fernandez Concha 700, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Mirakhorlo M, Maas H, Veeger DHEJ. Timing and extent of finger force enslaving during a dynamic force task cannot be explained by EMG activity patterns. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183145. [PMID: 28817708 PMCID: PMC5560573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Finger enslaving is defined as the inability of the fingers to move or to produce force independently. Such finger enslaving has predominantly been investigated for isometric force tasks. The aim of this study was to assess whether the extent of force enslaving is dependent on relative finger movements. Ten right-handed subjects (22–30 years) flexed the index finger while counteracting constant resistance forces (4, 6 and 8 N) orthogonal to the fingertip. The other, non-instructed fingers were held in extension. EMG activities of the mm. flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and extensor digitorum (ED) in the regions corresponding to the index, middle and ring fingers were measured. Forces exerted by the non-instructed fingers increased substantially (by 0.2 to 1.4 N) with flexion of the index finger, increasing the enslaving effect with respect to the static, pre-movement phase. Such changes in force were found 260–370 ms after the initiation of index flexion. The estimated MCP joint angle of the index finger at which forces exerted by the non-instructed fingers started to increase varied between 4° and 6°. In contrast to the finger forces, no significant changes in EMG activity of the FDS regions corresponding to the non-instructed fingers upon index finger flexion were found. This mismatch between forces and EMG of the non-instructed fingers, as well as the delay in force development are in agreement with connective tissue linkages being slack when the positions of the fingers are similar, but pulled taut when one finger moves relative to the others. Although neural factors cannot be excluded, our results suggest that mechanical connections between muscle-tendon structures were (at least partly) responsible for the observed increase in force enslaving during index finger flexion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Mirakhorlo
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - DirkJan H. E. J. Veeger
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
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Middelburg JG, Mast ME, de Kroon M, Jobsen JJ, Rozema T, Maas H, Baartman EA, Geijsen D, van der Leest AH, van den Bongard DJ, van Loon J, Budiharto T, Coebergh JW, Aarts MJ, Struikmans H. Timed Get Up and Go Test and Geriatric 8 Scores and the Association With (Chemo-)Radiation Therapy Noncompliance and Acute Toxicity in Elderly Cancer Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017; 98:843-849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.01.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Bernabei M, van Dieën JH, Maas H. Evidence of adaptations of locomotor neural drive in response to enhanced intermuscular connectivity between the triceps surae muscles of the rat. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:1677-1689. [PMID: 28490645 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00625.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate changes 1) in the coordination of activation of the triceps surae muscle group, and 2) in muscle belly length of soleus (SO) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) during locomotion (trotting) in response to increased stiffness of intermuscular connective tissues in the rat. We measured muscle activation and muscle belly lengths, as well as hindlimb kinematics, before and after an artificial enhancement of the connectivity between SO and LG muscles obtained by implanting a tissue-integrating surgical mesh at the muscles' interface. We found that SO muscle activation decreased to 62%, while activation of LG and medial gastrocnemius muscles increased to 134 and 125%, respectively, compared with the levels measured preintervention. Although secondary additional or amplified activation bursts were observed with enhanced connectivity, the primary pattern of activation over the stride and the burst duration were not affected by the intervention. Similar muscle length changes after manipulation were observed, suggesting that length feedback from spindle receptors within SO and LG was not affected by the connectivity enhancement. We conclude that peripheral mechanical constraints given by morphological (re)organization of connective tissues linking synergists are taken into account by the central nervous system. The observed shift in activity toward the gastrocnemius muscles after the intervention suggests that these larger muscles are preferentially recruited when the soleus has a similar mechanical disadvantage in that it produces an unwanted flexion moment around the knee.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Connective tissue linkages between muscle-tendon units may act as an additional mechanical constraint on the musculoskeletal system, thereby reducing the spectrum of solutions for performing a motor task. We found that intermuscular coordination changes following intermuscular connectivity enhancement. Besides showing that the extent of such connectivity is taken into account by the central nervous system, our results suggest that recruitment of triceps surae muscles is governed by the moments produced at the ankle-knee joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bernabei
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bernabei M, van Dieën JH, Maas H. Longitudinal and transversal displacements between triceps surae muscles during locomotion of the rat. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:537-550. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.143545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The functional consequences of differential muscle activation and contractile behavior between mechanically coupled synergists are still poorly understood. Even though synergistic muscles exert similar mechanical effects at the joint they span, differences in the anatomy, morphology and neural drive may lead to non-uniform contractile conditions. This study aimed to investigate the patterns of activation and contractile behavior of triceps surae muscles, to understand how these contribute to the relative displacement between the one-joint soleus (SO) and two-joint lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscle bellies and their distal tendons during locomotion in the rat. In seven rats, muscle belly lengths and muscle activation during level and upslope trotting were measured by sonomicrometry crystals and electromyographic electrodes chronically implanted in the SO and LG. Length changes of muscle–tendon units (MTUs) and tendon fascicles were estimated based on joint kinematics and muscle belly lengths. Distances between implanted crystals were further used to assess longitudinal and transversal deformations of the intermuscular volume between the SO and LG. For both slope conditions, we observed differential timing of muscle activation as well as substantial differences in contraction speeds between muscle bellies (maximal relative speed 55.9 mm s−1). Muscle lengths and velocities did not differ significantly between level and upslope locomotion, only EMG amplitude of the LG was affected by slope. Relative displacements between SO and LG MTUs were found in both longitudinal and transversal directions, yielding an estimated maximal length change difference of 2.0 mm between their distal tendons. Such relative displacements may have implications for the force exchanged via intermuscular and intertendinous pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bernabei
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap H. van Dieën
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081, The Netherlands
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081, The Netherlands
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van den Noort JC, van Beek N, van der Kraan T, Veeger DHEJ, Stegeman DF, Veltink PH, Maas H. Variable and Asymmetric Range of Enslaving: Fingers Can Act Independently over Small Range of Flexion. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168636. [PMID: 27992598 PMCID: PMC5167409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The variability in the numerous tasks in which we use our hands is very large. However, independent movement control of individual fingers is limited. To assess the extent of finger independency during full-range finger flexion including all finger joints, we studied enslaving (movement in non-instructed fingers) and range of independent finger movement through the whole finger flexion trajectory in single and multi-finger movement tasks. Thirteen young healthy subjects performed single- and multi-finger movement tasks under two conditions: active flexion through the full range of movement with all fingers free to move and active flexion while the non-instructed finger(s) were restrained. Finger kinematics were measured using inertial sensors (PowerGlove), to assess enslaving and range of independent finger movement. Although all fingers showed enslaving movement to some extent, highest enslaving was found in adjacent fingers. Enslaving effects in ring and little finger were increased with movement of additional, non-adjacent fingers. The middle finger was the only finger affected by restriction in movement of non-instructed fingers. Each finger showed a range of independent movement before the non-instructed fingers started to move, which was largest for the index finger. The start of enslaving was asymmetrical for adjacent fingers. Little finger enslaving movement was affected by multi-finger movement. We conclude that no finger can move independently through the full range of finger flexion, although some degree of full independence is present for smaller movements. This range of independent movement is asymmetric and variable between fingers and between subjects. The presented results provide insight into the role of finger independency for different types of tasks and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josien C. van den Noort
- Biomedical Signals and Systems, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation medicine, VU University medical center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Nathalie van Beek
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas van der Kraan
- Donders Institute, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - DirkJan H. E. J. Veeger
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick F. Stegeman
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter H. Veltink
- Biomedical Signals and Systems, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Haberfehlner H, Jaspers RT, Rutz E, Becher JG, Harlaar J, van der Sluijs JA, Witbreuk MM, Romkes J, Freslier M, Brunner R, Maas H, Buizer AI. Knee Moment-Angle Characteristics and Semitendinosus Muscle Morphology in Children with Spastic Paresis Selected for Medial Hamstring Lengthening. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166401. [PMID: 27861523 PMCID: PMC5115739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To increase knee range of motion and improve gait in children with spastic paresis (SP), the semitendinosus muscle (ST) amongst other hamstring muscles is frequently lengthened by surgery, but with variable success. Little is known about how the pre-surgical mechanical and morphological characteristics of ST muscle differ between children with SP and typically developing children (TD). The aims of this study were to assess (1) how knee moment-angle characteristics and ST morphology in children with SP selected for medial hamstring lengthening differ from TD children, as well as (2) how knee moment-angle characteristics and ST morphology are related. In nine SP and nine TD children, passive knee moment-angle characteristics and morphology of ST (i.e. fascicle length, muscle belly length, tendon length, physiological cross-sectional area, and volume) were assessed by hand-held dynamometry and freehand 3D ultrasound, respectively. At net knee flexion moments above 0.5 Nm, more flexed knee angles were found for SP compared to TD children. The measured knee angle range between 0 and 4 Nm was 30% smaller in children with SP. Muscle volume, physiological cross-sectional area, and fascicle length normalized to femur length were smaller in SP compared to TD children (62%, 48%, and 18%, respectively). Sixty percent of the variation in knee angles at 4 Nm net knee moment was explained by ST fascicle length. Altered knee moment-angle characteristics indicate an increased ST stiffness in SP children. Morphological observations indicate that in SP children planned for medial hamstring lengthening, the longitudinal and cross-sectional growth of ST muscle fibers is reduced. The reduced fascicle length can partly explain the increased ST stiffness and, hence, a more flexed knee joint in these SP children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Haberfehlner
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard T. Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Erich Rutz
- Pediatric Orthopaedic Department, University Children’s Hospital Basle (UKBB), Basle, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Movement Analysis, University Children's Hospital Basle (UKBB), Basle, Switzerland
| | - Jules G. Becher
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Harlaar
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. van der Sluijs
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melinda M. Witbreuk
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Romkes
- Laboratory for Movement Analysis, University Children's Hospital Basle (UKBB), Basle, Switzerland
| | - Marie Freslier
- Laboratory for Movement Analysis, University Children's Hospital Basle (UKBB), Basle, Switzerland
| | - Reinald Brunner
- Pediatric Orthopaedic Department, University Children’s Hospital Basle (UKBB), Basle, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Movement Analysis, University Children's Hospital Basle (UKBB), Basle, Switzerland
| | - Huub Maas
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke I. Buizer
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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50
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Tijs C, van Dieën JH, Baan GC, Maas H. Synergistic Co-activation Increases the Extent of Mechanical Interaction between Rat Ankle Plantar-Flexors. Front Physiol 2016; 7:414. [PMID: 27708589 PMCID: PMC5030264 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Force transmission between rat ankle plantar-flexors has been found for physiological muscle lengths and relative positions, but only with all muscles maximally activated. The aims of this study were to assess intermuscular mechanical interactions between ankle plantar-flexors during (i) fully passive conditions, (ii) excitation of soleus (SO), (iii) excitation of lateral gastrocnemius (LG), and (iv) during co-activation of SO, and LG (SO&LG). We assessed effects of proximal lengthening of LG and plantaris (PL) muscles (i.e., simulating knee extension) on forces exerted at the distal SO tendon (FSO) and on the force difference between the proximal and distal LG+PL tendons (ΔFLG+PL) of the rat. LG+PL lengthening increased FSO to a larger extent (p = 0.017) during LG excitation (0.0026 N/mm) than during fully passive conditions (0.0009 N/mm). Changes in FSO in response to LG+PL lengthening were lower (p = 0.002) during SO only excitation (0.0056 N/mm) than during SO&LG excitation (0.0101 N/mm). LG+PL lengthening changed ΔFLG+PL to a larger extent (p = 0.007) during SO excitation (0.0211 N/mm) than during fully passive conditions (0.0157 N/mm). In contrast, changes in ΔFLG+PL in response to LG+PL lengthening during LG excitation (0.0331 N/mm) were similar (p = 0.161) to that during SO&LG excitation (0.0370 N/mm). In all conditions, changes of FSO were lower than those of ΔFLG+PL. This indicates that muscle forces were transmitted not only between LG+PL and SO, but also between LG+PL and other surrounding structures. In addition, epimuscular myofascial force transmission between rat ankle plantar-flexors was enhanced by muscle activation. However, the magnitude of this interaction was limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Tijs
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guus C Baan
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Huub Maas
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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