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Canet-Vintró M, Rodríguez-Sanz J, López-de-Celis C, Campañá-Arnal E, Hidalgo-Garcia C, Pérez-Bellmunt A. Effects of focal vibration on changes in sports performance in amateur athletes: A randomized clinical trial. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:2106-2115. [PMID: 38598304 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a focal vibration protocol added to an activation protocol with active muscle contractions and to see what repercussions it has on sprint, countermovement jump (CMJ), and lower limb isometric strength. A double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in the Functional Anatomy Laboratory and the sample consisted of 70 athletes. The main outcome measures were knee extension force, CMJ, sprint, and surface electromyography. Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significant improvements. They were found in the within-group analysis for the Experimental Group in the isometric extension force (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.368), CMJ (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.301) and 30 m sprint (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.376). In the electromyography, there are changes in the Sham Group in all muscles, in CMJ and Sprint tests, and no differences in the Experimental Group, except for the RF muscle. In the between-group analysis, statistically significant differences were found only in favor of the Experimental Group in CMJ (p = 0.017; η2 = 0.81) and 30 m sprint (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.152). These results confirm a significant improvement in the sprint, CMJ performance, and quadriceps strength, after a focal vibration protocol, added to a muscle active contraction, compared to a focal vibration sham protocol. Therefore, our results suggest that the focal vibration can be a very useful tool in sports involving high-powered actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Canet-Vintró
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basic Sciences and Physiotherapy Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- ACTIUM Anatomy Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basic Sciences and Physiotherapy Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- ACTIUM Anatomy Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos López-de-Celis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basic Sciences and Physiotherapy Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- ACTIUM Anatomy Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Campañá-Arnal
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basic Sciences and Physiotherapy Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- ACTIUM Anatomy Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - César Hidalgo-Garcia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Albert Pérez-Bellmunt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basic Sciences and Physiotherapy Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- ACTIUM Anatomy Group, Barcelona, Spain
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Moshashaei MS, Gandomi F, Amiri E, Maffulli N. Anodal tDCS improves the effect of neuromuscular training on the feedforward activity of lower extremity muscles in female taekwondo athletes with dynamic knee valgus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20007. [PMID: 39198471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can increase cortical excitability of a targeted brain area. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding anodal-tDCS (a-tDCS) to neuromuscular training (NMT) on the dynamic knee valgus (DKV) and feedforward activity (FFA) of knee muscles. Thirty-four Taekwondo athletes with DKV, were randomly assigned to either NMT + a-tDCS (N = 17) or NMT + sham tDCS (N = 17). DKV and the knee muscles' FFA at the moment of single and double-leg landing and lateral hopping tasks were evaluated before and after the interventions. DKV and FFA of the knee muscles was improved in all tasks (P < 0.05), however, between-group differences were not significant (P > 0.05). The FFA of the semitendinosus, vastus medialis, gluteus medius, and gastrocnemius muscles in the single-leg landing (P < 0.05), the gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius muscles in the double-leg landing (P < 0.05), and the gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, and gastrocnemius muscles in the lateral hopping (P < 0.05) tasks were significantly different between the groups. A-tDCS achieved significantly larger improvements in the feedforward activity of lower extremity muscles compared with sham-tDCS. However, between-group comparisons did not show a significant difference in DKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Sadat Moshashaei
- Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Gandomi
- Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Amiri
- Exercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University La Sapienza, 00185, Roma, Italy
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University School of Medicine, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, Staffordshire, UK
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4DG, UK
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Hur Y, Oh BM, Seo HG, Hyun SE, Kim DJ, Kim H, Han TS, Park HJ, Lee CH, Lee WH. Reliability of Surface Electromyography From the Lower-limb Muscles During Maximal and Submaximal Voluntary Isometric Contractions in In-bed Healthy Individuals and Patients With Subacute Stroke. BRAIN & NEUROREHABILITATION 2024; 17:e14. [PMID: 39113922 PMCID: PMC11300959 DOI: 10.12786/bn.2024.17.e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to develop maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and submaximal voluntary isometric contraction (subMVIC) methods and to assess the reliability of the developed methods for in-bed healthy individuals and patients with subacute stroke. The electromyography (EMG) activities from the lower-limb muscles including the tensor fascia lata (TFL), rectus femoris (RF), tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius (GC) on both sides were recorded during MVIC and subMVIC using surface EMG sensors in 20 healthy individuals and 20 subacute stroke patients. In inter-trial reliability, both MVIC and subMVIC methods demonstrated excellent reliability for all the measured muscles at baseline and follow-up evaluations in both healthy individuals and stroke patients. In inter-day reliability, MVIC showed good reliability for the TFL and moderate reliability for the RF, TA, and GC, while subMVIC showed good reliability for the TFL, RF, and GC and poor reliability for the TA in healthy individuals. In conclusion, the MVIC and subMVIC methods of EMG activities were feasible in in-bed healthy individuals and patients with subacute stroke. The results can serve as a basis for the clinical evaluation of muscular activities using quantitative EMG signals on the lower-limb muscles in stroke patients with impaired mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hur
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Mo Oh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Gil Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Hyun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Joo Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- NeuroTx Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Hakseung Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Seong Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae Hyeon Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Hyung Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Llurda-Almuzara L, Canet-Vintró M, López-de-Celis C, Perez-Bellmunt A, Labata-Lezaun N, Aiguadé-Aiguadé R, Rodriguez-Sanz J. Relationship Between Knee Frontal Plane Projection Angle and Lower Limb Muscle Activity in Female Athletes. J Sport Rehabil 2024; 33:166-173. [PMID: 38340711 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2023-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Anterior cruciate ligament injuries are directly related to the control of dynamic knee valgus in the landing of a jump, and this is mainly due to the correct activation and neuromuscular function of the lower-extremity muscles. The aim of the study is to assess the relationship between lower limb muscle activity during a single-legged drop jump and knee frontal plane projection angle (FPPA). DESIGN A correlation study. METHODS Thirty healthy collegiate female athletes were included in the study. Main outcomes measures were peak knee FPPA and muscle activity (% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction). Peak knee FPPA during a single-legged drop jump test was identified using a 2-dimensional motion analysis system. Muscle activity was assessed using a surface electromyograph for gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, vastus medialis quadriceps, vastus lateralis quadriceps, medial gastrocnemius, and lateral gastrocnemius. All variables were assessed for both dominant and nondominant limbs. A correlation analysis between peak knee FPPA and muscle activity was performed. Statistical significance was set at P <.05. RESULTS A mean peak knee FPPA of 14.52° and 13.38° was identified for dominant and nondominant limb single-legged drop jump test, respectively. Muscle activity (% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction) for muscles assessed ranged from 43.97% to 195.71% during the single-legged drop jump test. The correlation analysis found no significant correlation between any of the muscles assessed and peak knee FPPA during the single-legged drop jump test (Pearson coefficient between -.3 and .1). CONCLUSIONS There is no association between muscle activity from the lower limb muscles and the knee FPPA during a single-legged drop jump in female athletes. Thus, different muscle properties should be assessed in order to understand such an important movement as the knee FPPA during a jump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Llurda-Almuzara
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Euneiz, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, Spain
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Max Canet-Vintró
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
- Anatomy Unit, Basic Sciences Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos López-de-Celis
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Perez-Bellmunt
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
- Anatomy Unit, Basic Sciences Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noé Labata-Lezaun
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Euneiz, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, Spain
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Aiguadé-Aiguadé
- Health Care Research Group (GRECS), Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, St. Lleida, Spain
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, St. Lleida, Spain
| | - Jacobo Rodriguez-Sanz
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
- Anatomy Unit, Basic Sciences Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhu X, Pang Y, Li L, Sun W, Ding L, Song Q, Shen P. Standard isometric contraction has higher reliability than maximum voluntary isometric contraction for normalizing electromyography during level walking among older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1276793. [PMID: 38433819 PMCID: PMC10904509 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1276793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Electromyography (EMG) normalization often relies on maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), which may not be suitable for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients due to difficulties in generating maximum joint torques caused by pain. This study aims to assess the reliability of standard isometric contraction (SIC) for EMG normalization in older adults with KOA, comparing it with MVIC. Methods: We recruited thirty-five older adults with KOA and collected root mean square EMG amplitudes from seven muscles in the affected limb during level walking, SIC, and MVIC tests. EMG data during level walking were normalized using both SIC and MVIC methods. This process was repeated after at least 1 week. We calculated intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) with 95% confidence intervals to evaluate between- and within-day reliabilities. Results: SIC tests showed higher between- (ICC: 0.75-0.86) and within-day (ICC: 0.84-0.95) ICCs across all seven muscles compared to MVIC tests. When normalized with SIC, all seven muscles exhibited higher between- (ICC: 0.67-0.85) and within-day (ICC: 0.88-0.99) ICCs compared to MVIC normalization. Conclusion: This study suggests that SIC may offer superior movement consistency and reliability compared to MVIC for EMG normalization during level walking in older adults with KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhu
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaya Pang
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Lijie Ding
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Qipeng Song
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Peixin Shen
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
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Flórez Fonnegra JP, Pino Prestan AC, López LL, Yepes JC, Pérez VZ. Rehabilitation of Patients with Arthrogenic Muscular Inhibition in Pathologies of Knee Using Virtual Reality. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9114. [PMID: 38005502 PMCID: PMC10674760 DOI: 10.3390/s23229114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) refers to muscular alterations that are generated, producing biomechanical motor control and movement problems, leading to deficiencies in strength and atrophy. Currently, there exist methods that involve virtual reality (VR) and have been well perceived by physiotherapists. The present research measured the potential benefits in terms of therapeutic adherence and speed of recovery, through a comparative analysis in a healthcare provider institution, in Medellín, Colombia, with and without the aid of VR. For this purpose, dynamometry, and surface electromyography (sEMG) signal acquisition tools were used. The treatment involved neuromodulation, ranges of motion and mobility work, strengthening and reintegration into movement, complemented with TENS, NMENS and therapeutic exercise, where the patient was expected to receive a satisfactory and faster adherence and recovery. A group of 15 people with AMI who include at least 15 min of VR per session in their treatment were compared with another group who received only the base treatment, i.e., the control group. Analyzing the variables individually, it is possible to affirm that VR, as a complement, statistically significantly improved the therapeutic adherence in 33.3% for CG and 37.5% for IG. Additionally, it increased strength with both legs, the symmetry between them, and decreased the level of pain and stiffness that is related to mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Flórez Fonnegra
- Facultad de Ingeniería Electrónica, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (J.P.F.F.); (J.C.Y.)
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Bioingeniería, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 055031, Colombia;
| | | | - Lucelly López López
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 055031, Colombia;
| | - Juan C. Yepes
- Facultad de Ingeniería Electrónica, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (J.P.F.F.); (J.C.Y.)
- Grupo de Automática y Diseño A+D, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 055031, Colombia
| | - Vera Z. Pérez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Electrónica, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (J.P.F.F.); (J.C.Y.)
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Bioingeniería, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 055031, Colombia;
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Amin AB, Asabre E, Sahay A, Razaghi S, Noh Y. Feasibility Testing of Wearable Device for Musculoskeletal Monitoring during Aquatic Therapy and Rehabilitation. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38083349 PMCID: PMC10917422 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to test the feasibility of the developed waterproof wearable device with a Surface Electromyography (sEMG) sensor and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor by (1) comparing the onset duration of sEMG recordings from maximal voluntary contractions (MVC), (2) comparing the acceleration of arm movement from IMU, and (3) observing the reproducibility of onset duration and acceleration from the developed device for bicep brachii (BB) muscle between on dry-land, and in aquatic environments. Five healthy males participated in two experimental protocols with the activity of BB muscle of the left and right arms. Using the sEMG of BB muscle, the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and typical error (CV%) were calculated to determine the reproducibility and precision of onset duration and acceleration, respectively. In case of onset duration, no significant differences were observed between land and aquatic condition (p = 0.9-0.98), and high reliability (ICC = 0.93-0.98) and precision (CV% = 2.7-6.4%) were observed. In addition, acceleration data shows no significant differences between land and aquatic condition (p = 0.89-0.93), and high reliability (ICC = 0.9-0.97) and precision (CV% = 7.9-9.2%). These comparable sEMG and acceleration values in both dry-land and aquatic environment supports the suitability of the proposed wearable device for musculoskeletal monitoring during aquatic therapy and rehabilitation as the integrity of the sEMG and acceleration recordings maintained during aquatic activities.Clinical Relevance-This study and relevant experiment demonstrate the feasibility of the developed wearable device to support clinicians and therapists for musculoskeletal monitoring during aquatic therapy and rehabilitation.
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Cooper J, Karduna A. Submaximal contractions can serve as a reliable technique for shoulder electromyography normalization. J Biomech 2022; 134:111014. [PMID: 35228152 PMCID: PMC8976741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There are a number of ways to normalize electromyographical data, the most common of which is using a maximal contraction as a reference. However, this technique is not always practical. The purpose of the present study was to assess the reliability of an electromyographical data normalization technique using standardized submaximal contractions. Twenty healthy subjects (ten male, ten female) were used for testing, which was performed using both surface and fine-wire electromyography over two sessions at 15, 30, 45, and 60 percent of the day 1 maximum force. There was a mean of 5.3 days between test days. Data were compared between days, and the resulting ICC and standard error of the measurement values indicate varying levels of reliability at each submaximal percent. All heads of the deltoid, the upper trapezius and the serratus anterior demonstrated good reliability for at least one submaximal condition. The latissimus dorsi and supraspinatus demonstrated moderate reliability for at least one submaximal condition. Finally, the infraspinatus demonstrated poor reliability under all conditions. For situations in which MVC is impractical or anticipated to change, EMG amplitude normalization to one of these submaximal percentages appears to be a viable technique, at least for most muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cooper
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - Andrew Karduna
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.
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Llurda-Almuzara L, Perez-Bellmunt A, Labata-Lezaun N, López-de-Celis C, Canet-Vintró M, Cadellans-Arroniz A, Moure-Romero L, Aiguadé-Aiguadé R. Relationship between lower limb EMG activity and knee frontal plane projection angle during a single-legged drop jump. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 52:13-20. [PMID: 34365085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess a relationship between lower limb muscle activity and the frontal plane knee kinematics during a single-legged drop jump. DESIGN Correlation study; SETTING: Functional Anatomy Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS 35 healthy collegiate male athletes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Muscle activity (%MVIC) of gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, vastus medialis quadriceps, vastus lateralis quadriceps, medial gastrocnemius and lateral gastrocnemius; peak knee frontal plane projection angle; and Pearson's correlation coefficients between muscle activity and peak knee frontal plane projection angle. All outcomes were assessed for both dominant and non-dominant limbs. RESULTS Significant correlations (r = 0.46-0.60, P < 0.05) were found between the muscle activities of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus, when compared to the knee frontal plane projection angle. CONCLUSION Gluteal muscles and hamstring muscles are associated with the peak knee frontal plane projection angle during a single-legged drop jump test. Thus, gluteal and hamstring muscle activities should be considered when developing rehabilitation or injury prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Llurda-Almuzara
- Anatomy Unit, Basic Sciences Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain; ACTIUM functional anatomy group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Perez-Bellmunt
- Anatomy Unit, Basic Sciences Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain; ACTIUM functional anatomy group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Noé Labata-Lezaun
- Anatomy Unit, Basic Sciences Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain; ACTIUM functional anatomy group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos López-de-Celis
- ACTIUM functional anatomy group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain; Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Max Canet-Vintró
- Anatomy Unit, Basic Sciences Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain; ACTIUM functional anatomy group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Cadellans-Arroniz
- ACTIUM functional anatomy group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain; Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Moure-Romero
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, 25198, St. Lleida, Spain
| | - Ramón Aiguadé-Aiguadé
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, 25198, St. Lleida, Spain; Health Care Research Group (GRECS), Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, 25198, St. Lleida, Spain
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Keloth SM, Radcliffe PJ, Raghav S, Arjunan SP, Kumar D. Differentiating between Parkinson's disease patients and controls using variability in muscle activation during walking. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:3158-3161. [PMID: 33018675 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Surface electromyography (sEMG) of the lower limb muscles has been proposed to evaluate motor dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Variability in the sEMG could be used as an indicator of poor muscle coordination, but previous studies have reported conflicting results. This study has examined the variability of muscle using the coefficients of variance of Tibialis anterior (TA) and Medial gastrocnemius (MG) lower limb muscles for 24 PD, 24 age matched controls (CO), and 24 young controls (YC), during different phases of the gait cycle. The gait intervals were measured using the inertial measurement unit (IMU). We observed a statistically significant difference between PD and control for the variability of lower limb muscle when comparing the sub-phases of the gait. It was also found that the difference was more pronounced for the TA muscle.
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11
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Assessing the Validity and Reliability of A Low-Cost Microcontroller-Based Load Cell Amplifier for Measuring Lower Limb and Upper Limb Muscular Force. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20174999. [PMID: 32899264 PMCID: PMC7506672 DOI: 10.3390/s20174999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lower and upper limb maximum muscular force development is an important indicator of physical capacity. Manual muscle testing, load cell coupled with a signal conditioner, and handheld dynamometry are three widely used techniques for measuring isometric muscle strength. Recently, there is a proliferation of low-cost tools that have potential to be used to measure muscle strength. This study examined both the criterion validity, inter-day reliability and intra-day reliability of a microcontroller-based load cell amplifier for quantifying muscle strength. To do so, a low-cost microcontroller-based load cell amplifier for measuring lower and upper limb maximal voluntary isometric muscular force was compared to a commercial grade signal conditioner and to a handheld dynamometer. The results showed that the microcontroller-based load cell amplifier correlated nearly perfectly (Pearson's R-values between 0.947 to 0.992) with the commercial signal conditioner and the handheld dynamometer, and showed good to excellent association when calculating ICC scores, with values of 0.9582 [95% C.I.: 0.9297-0.9752] for inter-day reliability and of 0.9269 [95% C.I.: 0.8909-0.9533] for session one, intra-day reliability. Such results may have implications for how the evaluation of muscle strength measurement is conducted in the future, particularly for offering a commercial-like grade quality, low cost, portable and flexible option.
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Reliability of surface electromyography for the gluteus medius muscle during gait in people with and without chronic nonspecific low back pain. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2020; 54:102457. [PMID: 32798914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2020.102457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the intratester reliability of surface electromyography (EMG) assessment of the gluteus medius muscle in healthy people and people with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) during barefoot walking. Gluteus medius muscle activity was measured twice in 40 people without and 30 people with CNLBP approximately 7 days apart. Walking gluteus medius muscle activity was normalised to maximal voluntary isometric contractions during side-lying hip abduction with manual resistance. Good intratester reliability (ICC > 0.75) was found for mean, peak, and peak to peak amplitude for healthy people. Only mean amplitude demonstrated good intratester reliability in those with CNLBP. Peak amplitude and peak to peak amplitude of the gluteus medius muscle of those with CNLBP, and the time of peak amplitude in both groups, demonstrated moderate reliability (ICC ranged from 0.50 to 0.58). Moderate to large standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change values were reported for outcome measurements. These results suggest that potentially large levels of random error can occur between sessions. Future research can build on this study for those with pathology and attempt to establish change values for EMG that are clinically meaningful.
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Neamatallah Z, Herrington L, Jones R. An investigation into the role of gluteal muscle strength and EMG activity in controlling HIP and knee motion during landing tasks. Phys Ther Sport 2020; 43:230-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Pereira-Baldon VS, de Oliveira AB, Padilha JF, Degani AM, Avila MA, Driusso P. Reliability of different electromyographic normalization methods for pelvic floor muscles assessment. Neurourol Urodyn 2020; 39:1145-1151. [PMID: 32119158 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the reliability of different methods to normalize pelvic floor muscles (PFM) electromyography (EMG). METHODS Thirty nulliparous women (23.9 ± 3.2 years), free from PFM dysfunction, completed two test sessions 7 days apart. For EMG normalization, signals were acquired during four different tasks using a vaginal probe in situ: PFM maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and three daily activities with increased intra-abdominal pressure (coughing, Valsalva maneuver, and abdominal contraction). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), relative standard error of measurement (%SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC) were calculated for each variable. RESULTS ICC values for test-retest reliability of normalization methods ranged from 0.61 to 0.95. The highest values were obtained for mean root mean square (RMS) of the abdominal contraction and peak RMS of PFM-MVC. Normalization using RMS of PFM-MVC showed the lowest values of SEM and MDC. CONCLUSIONS The normalization of EMG data is considered a fundamental part of EMG investigations. These findings suggest that the normalization of PFM-EMG by either peak RMS of PFM-MVC or mean and peak RMS of abdominal contraction has excellent reliability and it can be applied in studies involving the evaluation of young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S Pereira-Baldon
- Physical Therapy Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Physical Therapy Department, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana B de Oliveira
- Physical Therapy Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Padilha
- Physical Therapy Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana M Degani
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
| | - Mariana A Avila
- Physical Therapy Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Driusso
- Physical Therapy Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kelley KK, Giannico K, Lesnett G, Romano A. A comparison of EMG output of four lower extremity muscles during selected yoga postures. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2019; 23:329-333. [PMID: 31103116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to use surface electromyography (EMG) analysis to examine the muscle activation of the anterior tibialis (TA), gastrocnemius (GA), rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles during several yoga poses: tree pose (Vrksashana), half moon pose (Ardha Chandrasana) and warrior III (Virabadrasana) when compared to a rest pose (mountain pose). Ten healthy females with more than 3 months of continuous yoga experience who practiced at least 1.5 h per week were recruited. EMG activity was recorded from the aforementioned muscles during mountain pose ("rest") for 30 s, three times. Subjects then performed the following yoga poses in a randomized sequence while surface EMG activity was recorded: tree pose, half-moon, and warrior III. Each pose was held for 20s to 30 s and performed three times. EMG data were band pass filtered and the root mean square (RMS) was obtained. The peak RMS of each of the resting trials was obtained and averaged to produce an average peak resting RMS value. The study revealed significantly greater EMG activity in TA and GA in all three poses when compared to BF and RF. BF produced greater EMG activity than RF in warrior III. In conclusion, single limb yoga poses require increased use of the ankle musculature when compared to thigh musculature.
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Papagiannis GI, Triantafyllou AI, Roumpelakis IM, Zampeli F, Garyfallia Eleni P, Koulouvaris P, Papadopoulos EC, Papagelopoulos PJ, Babis GC. Methodology of surface electromyography in gait analysis: review of the literature. J Med Eng Technol 2019; 43:59-65. [PMID: 31074312 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2019.1609610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Gait analysis is a significant diagnostic procedure for the clinicians who manage musculoskeletal disorders. Surface electromyography (sEMG) combined with kinematic and kinetic data is a useful tool for decision making of the appropriate method needed to treat such patients. sEMG has been used for decades to evaluate neuromuscular responses during a range of activities and develop rehabilitation protocols. The sEMG methodology followed by researchers assessed the issues of noise control, wave frequency, cross talk, low signal reception, muscle co-contraction, electrode placement protocol and procedure as well as EMG signal timing, intensity and normalisation so as to collect accurate, adequate and meaningful data. Further research should be done to provide more information related to the muscle activity recorded by sEMG and the force produced by the corresponding muscle during gait analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios I Papagiannis
- a 1st Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School , Orthopaedic Research and Education Center "P.N.Soukakos", Biomechanics and Gait Analysis Laboratory "Sylvia Ioannou", "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece.,b Physioloft Physical Therapy Center , Athens , Greece
| | - Athanasios I Triantafyllou
- a 1st Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School , Orthopaedic Research and Education Center "P.N.Soukakos", Biomechanics and Gait Analysis Laboratory "Sylvia Ioannou", "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece.,b Physioloft Physical Therapy Center , Athens , Greece
| | - Ilias M Roumpelakis
- a 1st Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School , Orthopaedic Research and Education Center "P.N.Soukakos", Biomechanics and Gait Analysis Laboratory "Sylvia Ioannou", "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece.,b Physioloft Physical Therapy Center , Athens , Greece
| | - Frantzeska Zampeli
- a 1st Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School , Orthopaedic Research and Education Center "P.N.Soukakos", Biomechanics and Gait Analysis Laboratory "Sylvia Ioannou", "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | | | - Panayiotis Koulouvaris
- a 1st Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School , Orthopaedic Research and Education Center "P.N.Soukakos", Biomechanics and Gait Analysis Laboratory "Sylvia Ioannou", "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Elias C Papadopoulos
- c 2nd Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School , Konstantopouleio General Hospital, Nea Ionia, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Panayiotis J Papagelopoulos
- a 1st Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School , Orthopaedic Research and Education Center "P.N.Soukakos", Biomechanics and Gait Analysis Laboratory "Sylvia Ioannou", "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - George C Babis
- c 2nd Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School , Konstantopouleio General Hospital, Nea Ionia, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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17
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Shin SS, Yu JS, Yoon JY, Lee MR, An DH, Yoo WG. Strategy on navigating obstacle in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: Relationship among trunk and pelvic movement, swing toe clearance, and muscle coordination of the stance limb. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2019; 31:1131-1138. [PMID: 30010099 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-170927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common spinal disorder that causes patients to assume a forward-trunk posture. Spinal alignment affects gait, muscle activity, and trunk-pelvis-limb coordination because the lumbar spine and muscles interact to allow load transfer between the lower back and pelvis during sagittal trunk movement. Therefore, we investigated the relationships among trunk and pelvic movement, swing toe clearance, and muscle coordination (isolated contraction ratios) of the stance limb during obstacle-crossing by patients with LSS. METHODS Ten patients with LSS and ten control subjects were enrolled. All navigated an obstacle during walking. Kinematic data from the trunk and lower extremities were monitored using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. In addition, we measured the isolated contraction ratios of the gluteus medius (GMed) and vastus lateralis (VL) using surface electromyography. RESULTS The normalized lead limb distance was significantly lower in the LSS group than in controls. The spine flexion angle when the swinging limb toe was above the obstacle was higher, but the pelvic anterior tilting angle was lower, in the LSS group. LSS patients also had a significantly lower isolated contraction ratio of the GMed in the trailing stance limb but a significantly higher VL. CONCLUSIONS Patients with LSS adapted a poor posture and their thoracic and spinal regions were hyperflexed with restricted pelvic obliquity. This created an inefficient gait, a shorter leading limb step, and less stable muscle coordination in the stance limb. Our findings may help healthcare professionals manage patients with LSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Shil Shin
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Ji-Su Yu
- Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Yoon
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Mi-Ra Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, The Graduate School, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Duk-Hyun An
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Won-Gyu Yoo
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
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Chuang TD, Acker SM. Comparing functional dynamic normalization methods to maximal voluntary isometric contractions for lower limb EMG from walking, cycling and running. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2018; 44:86-93. [PMID: 30551007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no consensus on the most appropriate method for normalizing an individual's electromyography (EMG) signals from walking, cycling and running in the same data collection. The aim of this study was to compare how the magnitude and repeatability of normalization values differ from three normalization methods and to compare their scaling effect in three moderate intensity activities. Three rounds of maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs), sprint cycling and sprint running were performed to obtain normalization values for each method. EMG from five moderate intensity trials of walking, cycling and running were performed and normalized using each normalization value. Normalization values, coefficients of variation, and peak normalized EMG from the three moderate intensity activities were compared across normalization methods. Sprint running resulted in greater normalization values for 6/9 muscles. MVICs produced the lowest variance in 6/9 muscles. Comparing peak normalized signals of interest across normalization methods, there were significant differences in 6/9, 7/9 and 8/9 muscles for walking, cycling and running, respectively. When investigating a combination of walking, cycling and/or running EMG data, sprint running could be used for normalization, due to its simplicity and its ability to produce a larger normalization value, despite lower repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Chuang
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stacey M Acker
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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Tabard-Fougère A, Rose-Dulcina K, Pittet V, Dayer R, Vuillerme N, Armand S. EMG normalization method based on grade 3 of manual muscle testing: Within- and between-day reliability of normalization tasks and application to gait analysis. Gait Posture 2018; 60:6-12. [PMID: 29121510 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Electromyography (EMG) is an important parameter in Clinical Gait Analysis (CGA), and is generally interpreted with timing of activation. EMG amplitude comparisons between individuals, muscles or days need normalization. There is no consensus on existing methods. The gold standard, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), is not adapted to pathological populations because patients are often unable to perform an MVIC. The normalization method inspired by the isometric grade 3 of manual muscle testing (isoMMT3), which is the ability of a muscle to maintain a position against gravity, could be an interesting alternative. The aim of this study was to evaluate the within- and between-day reliability of the isoMMT3 EMG normalizing method during gait compared with the conventional MVIC method. Lower limb muscles EMG (gluteus medius, rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, semitendinosus) were recorded bilaterally in nine healthy participants (five males, aged 29.7±6.2years, BMI 22.7±3.3kgm-2) giving a total of 18 independent legs. Three repeated measurements of the isoMMT3 and MVIC exercises were performed with an EMG recording. EMG amplitude of the muscles during gait was normalized by these two methods. This protocol was repeated one week later. Within- and between-day reliability of normalization tasks were similar for isoMMT3 and MVIC methods. Within- and between-day reliability of gait EMG normalized by isoMMT3 was higher than with MVIC normalization. These results indicate that EMG normalization using isoMMT3 is a reliable method with no special equipment needed and will support CGA interpretation. The next step will be to evaluate this method in pathological populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tabard-Fougère
- Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland; University Grenoble Alpes AGEIS laboratory, Grenoble, France; Division of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Geneva University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; LAI Jean-Raoul Scherrer, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Kevin Rose-Dulcina
- Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland; University Grenoble Alpes AGEIS laboratory, Grenoble, France; LAI Jean-Raoul Scherrer, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Vincent Pittet
- Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Romain Dayer
- Division of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Geneva University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Vuillerme
- University Grenoble Alpes AGEIS laboratory, Grenoble, France; LAI Jean-Raoul Scherrer, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; French University Institute, Paris, France.
| | - Stéphane Armand
- Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland; LAI Jean-Raoul Scherrer, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Sex-specific reliability and multidimensional stability of responses to tests assessing neuromuscular function. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2017; 68:452-464. [PMID: 29175061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate sex-specific effects in the test-retest cross-reliability of peripheral and central changes in nonlinear and linear measures of a surface electromyography signal during a brief (5 second) and sustained (2minute) isometric maximal voluntary contraction, combined with superimposed electrical stimulation involving the ankle plantar flexors over five identical trials. In this study, we repeated the testing protocol used in our previous study of 10 women (age 20.9, SD=0.3 years) (Bernecke et al., 2015) in a group of 10 men (age 21.2, SD=0.4 years). Despite the central (sex effect; p<0.05, ηp2>0.71, SP>70%) and peripheral fatigability (sex effect; p<0.01, ηp2>0.8, SP>90%) during sustained isometric maximal voluntary contraction, and lower reliability for central activation ratio during brief (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]=0.95 for men and ICC=0.82 for women) and sustained maximal voluntary contraction (ICC>0.82 for men and ICC>0.66 for women) over ankle plantar flexors expressed in women more than in men, all the ICCs of all indices measured by tests assessing neuromuscular function across the five identical test-retest trials were found as meaningful (correlation significance of p<0.05 was reached) and no significant differences were found between trials for any of the measured variables. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated greater central and peripheral fatigue for female participants following sustained (2minute) isometric maximal voluntary contraction of the plantar flexor muscles for all repeated trials and indicated an acceptable agreement between measurements of the characteristic variables made using the three different devices (dynamometry, electrical stimulation, and surface electromyography) over time for both sexes.
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Can activities of daily living contribute to EMG normalization for gait analysis? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174670. [PMID: 28369104 PMCID: PMC5378339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine alternative methods of normalization that effectively reflect muscle activity as compared to Maximal Voluntary Contraction (MVC). EMG data recorded from knee flexion-extension muscles in 10 control subjects during the stance phase of the gait cycle were examined by adopting different approaches of normalization: MVC, Mean and Peak Dynamic during gait cycles, (MDM and PDM, respectively), Peak Dynamic during activities of daily living (ADLs), (*PDM), and a combination of ADLs and MVC(**PDM). Intra- and inter-individual variability were calculated to determine reliability and similarity to MCV. **PDM showed excellent reliability across subjects in comparison to MVC, where variance ratio ranged from 0.43–0.99 for **PDM and 0.79–1.08 for MVC. Coefficient of variability showed a similar trend to Variance Ratio, ranging from 0.60–1.25 for **PDM and 1.97–3.92 for MVC. Both MVC and **PDM, and to some extent *PDM, demonstrated good-to-excellent relative amplitude’s matching; i.e. root mean square difference and absolute difference were both around 0.08 for Vastus medialis to about 4 for Medial gastrocnemius. It was concluded that **PDM and *PDM were reliable, **PDM mirrored MVC and thus could be used as an alternative to MVC for subjects who are unable to provide the required effort for MVC testing. Where MVC testing is not possible, *PDM is the next preferred option.
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Dickie JA, Faulkner JA, Barnes MJ, Lark SD. Electromyographic analysis of muscle activation during pull-up variations. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2017; 32:30-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Zacaron KAM, Dias JMD, Alencar MA, Almeida LLD, Alberto Mourão-Júnior C, Dias RC. Electromyographic normalization of vastus lateralis and biceps femoris co-contraction during gait of elderly females. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-5918.029.004.ao15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Analyze muscle co-contraction using electromyographic signals, which are normalized to compare individuals, muscles and studies. Maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and peak electrical activity (PEA) during movement are the most widely used forms of normalization. Objective: Compare inter-subject variability and investigate the association between the co-contraction indices of the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris during gait, normalized by MVIC and PEA. Methods: Thirty elderly women, aged 70.33 ± 3.69 years took part. Electrical muscle activity during MVIC and gait was recorded using a Biopac MP100 electromyograph. MVIC was performed in a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. For normalization, the signals were divided by the Root Mean Square values of MVIC and PEA of gait. Results: The coefficient of variation of non-normalized data was 69.3%, and those normalized by PEA and MVIC were 30.4% and 48.9% respectively. Linear regression analysis resulted in a prediction model: PEA = 0.04 + 0.16 x MVIC. The goodness of fit of the regression model was statistically significant (p=0.02). The confidence interval (95% CI) for the intercept was between 0.02 and 0.29 and for MVIC between 0.03 and 0.06. Conclusions: The data normalized by PEA showed less variation than those normalized by MVIC. A 100% variation in data normalized by MVIC resulted in a 16% variation in data normalized by PEA, while variation in normalization by MVIC accounts for 17% of the variation in normalization by PEA and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Asmar Alencar
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Fundação Mineira de Educação e Cultura, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rosângela Correa Dias
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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Dwyer MK, Lewis CL, Hanmer AW, McCarthy JC. Do Neuromuscular Alterations Exist for Patients With Acetabular Labral Tears During Function? Arthroscopy 2016; 32:1045-52. [PMID: 27129378 PMCID: PMC5568890 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if contact forces and electromyography (EMG) muscle amplitudes were altered during the lunge for patients with symptomatic labral tears compared with asymptomatic control subjects. METHODS Surface electromyography electrodes were placed over the gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, adductor longus, and rectus femoris muscles of the patients' involved limb and matched limb of asymptomatic controls. Subjects performed 3 trials of the lunge on a clinical force platform. An electrogoniometer tracked knee flexion motion during testing. Average root mean squared EMG muscle amplitudes for each muscle were calculated for the descent and ascent phases of the lunge, represented as a percentage of maximum activity (%MVIC). Peak knee flexion was calculated from the goniometer (°). The dependent variables from the force platform were lunge distance (%height), contact time (seconds), vertical impact force (%BW), and force impulse (%BW*s). Dependent variables were compared between groups using either independent samples t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests. Relations between dependent variables were assessed with Spearman Rho correlation coefficients. The level of significance was set at P ≤ .05. RESULTS Twenty-one patients with symptomatic unilateral labral tears (14 females, 7 males) and 17 asymptomatic control subjects (11 females, 6 males) participated in this study. Average gluteus maximus EMG muscle amplitudes were reduced for symptomatic labral patients compared with asymptomatic controls during lunge ascent (51.6 ± 31.1 v 71.7 ± 36.3 [mean difference (MD): 20.1% (-2.4%, 42.6%)], P = .042). Average vertical impact force was reduced (21.8 ± 5.5 v 26.8 ± 7.3 [MD: 5.1%BW (0.84%BW, 9.3%BW)], P = .02) and average contact time (1.8 ± 0.4 v 1.5 ± 0.4 [MD: 0.27 seconds (0.006 seconds, 0.54 seconds)], P = .045) and force impulse (188.4 ± 42.4 v 162.6 ± 33.3 [MD: 25.8%BW*s (0.3%BW*s, 51.4%BW*s)], P = .042) were increased for symptomatic labral patients compared with asymptomatic controls. Vertical impact force was inversely correlated with gluteus medius muscle amplitudes during lunge descent for symptomatic labral patients (r = -0.452, P = .045). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that contact forces and EMG muscle amplitudes are altered during the lunge for patients with symptomatic labral tears. The presence of a relation between muscle amplitudes and contact forces suggests that targeting muscle impairments may restore function in these patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen K. Dwyer
- Kaplan Joint Center, Newton Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Joseph C. McCarthy
- Kaplan Joint Center, Newton Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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Bernecke V, Pukenas K, Imbrasiene D, Mickeviciene D, Baranauskiene N, Eimantas N, Brazaitis M. Test-Retest Cross-Reliability of Tests to Assess Neuromuscular Function as a Multidimensional Concept. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 29:1972-84. [PMID: 25635607 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the test-retest cross-reliability of peripheral and central changes with respect to nonlinear and linear measures of a surface electromyography (EMG) signal measured during isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) combined with superimposed electrical stimulation during a brief and fatiguing task involving the ankle plantar flexors over 2 follicular phases of menstrual cycle. Ten healthy female adults underwent 1 familiarization session and 5 identical test-retest sessions. The results showed that the decrease in plantar flexor EMG components (root mean square [RMS], mean frequency [MnF], wavelet packet entropy [WPE]) for soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, central activation ratio (CAR) and MVC, and contractile properties (P20, P100, PTT-100, and half-relaxation time) of the plantar flexor muscles at the end of 2-minute MVC were similar (time effect; p < 0.001, η(p)² > 0.7, statistical power [SP] > 99%) and exhibited high stability over 5 trials (trial effect; p > 0.05; η(p)² < 0.2, SP < 30%). High reliability between trials was found for 5-second MVC (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] > 0.82, p < 0.001) and meaningful reliability for 2-minute MVC (ICC > 0.66, p < 0.01). In conclusion, in young healthy women, measurements of neuromuscular function, such as RMS, MnF, and WPE of a surface EMG signal, MVC, and CAR from a brief and sustained MVC of the ankle plantar flexors, are reliable, and multidimensional stability was found with respect to both high and low correlation outcomes across the 5 identical test-retest trials of any 2 properties measured during brief and sustained MVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaida Bernecke
- 1Sports Science and Innovation Institute, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania; and 2Department of Rehabilitation, Siauliai State College, Siauliai, Lithuania
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Reliability and fatigue characteristics of a standing hip isometric endurance protocol. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2015; 25:667-74. [PMID: 26004629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is a common consideration when evaluating and rehabilitating athletic injuries. The presence of muscular fatigue has been previously determined by quantifying median frequency (MF) through a power spectral analysis on EMG signals collected throughout an endurance task. Research has not yet determined if a prolonged isometric test in a standing position generates muscular fatigue of the hip. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and fatigue characteristics of a standing hip isometric endurance test. Twenty healthy participants completed one 60-s Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction of standing hip flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction. MF of the participants' dominant limb rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), gluteus maximus (GMax), gluteus medius (GMed) and adductor longus (ADD) was determined via surface electromyography during two sessions, 30-min apart. Reliability values (ICC2,1) were moderate-to-excellent for all time intervals of each action (FlexionRF: >0.80; ExtensionBF: >0.89; ExtensionGMax: >0.60; AdductionADD: >0.78; AbductionGMed: >0.60) and MF significantly decreased over time for all actions. Results suggest the endurance test is a reliable technique to generate muscular fatigue for hip flexion, extension, adduction and abduction. It can be used as a time efficient fatigue protocol specific to the RF, BF, GMax, ADD and GMed.
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French HP, Huang X, Cummiskey A, Meldrum D, Malone A. Normalisation method can affect gluteus medius electromyography results during weight bearing exercises in people with hip osteoarthritis (OA): a case control study. Gait Posture 2015; 41:470-5. [PMID: 25600175 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface electromyography (sEMG) is used to assess muscle activation during therapeutic exercise, but data are significantly affected by inter-individual variability and requires normalisation of the sEMG signal to enable comparison between individuals. The purpose of this study was to compare two normalisation methods, a maximal method (maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)) and non-maximal peak dynamic method (PDM), on gluteus medius (GMed) activation using sEMG during three weight-bearing exercises in people with hip osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy controls. Thirteen people with hip OA and 20 controls performed three exercises (Squat, Step-Up, Step-Down). Average root-mean squared EMG amplitude based on MVIC and PDM normalisation was compared between groups for both involved and uninvolved hips using Mann-Whitney tests. Using MVIC normalisation, significantly higher normalised GMed EMG amplitudes were found in the OA group during all Step-up and down exercises on the involved side (p=0.02-0.001) and most of the Step exercises on the uninvolved side (p=0.03-0.04), but not the Squat (p>0.05), compared to controls. Using PDM normalisation, significant between-group differences occurred only for Ascending Squat (p=0.03) on the involved side. MVIC normalisation demonstrated higher inter-trial relative reliability (ICCs=0.78-0.99) than PDM (ICCs=0.37-0.84), but poorer absolute reliability using Standard Error of Measurement. Normalisation method can significantly affect interpretation of EMG amplitudes. Although MVIC-normalised amplitudes were more sensitive to differences between groups, there was greater variability using this method, which raises concerns regarding validity. Interpretation of EMG data is strongly influenced by the normalisation method used, and this should be considered when applying EMG results to clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen P French
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Dara Meldrum
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ailish Malone
- Central Remedial Clinic, Clontarf, Dublin 3, Ireland
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Hendrickx C, De Hertogh W, Van Daele U, Mertens P, Stassijns G. Effect of percutaneous assisted approach on functional rehabilitation for total hip replacement compared to anterolateral approach: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014; 15:392. [PMID: 25298243 PMCID: PMC4197322 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anterolateral approach is a commonly used technique for total hip replacement. It requires the detachment of a large part of the gluteus medius muscle. However, it is known that this muscle has a great impact on hip stability. Using the percutaneous assisted approach the damage to the gluteus medius can be limited. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of the percutaneous assisted approach with the anterolateral approach on postoperative functional outcome. METHODS/DESIGN This study uses a prospective, randomized, parallel-group design with blinded assessment and unblinded treatment to compare the percutaneous assisted approach with the anterolateral approach in total hip replacement surgery. The postoperative results of patients operated on using the percutaneous assisted approach will be compared with those of patients operated on using the anterolateral approach. Prior to surgery patients will undergo baseline measurements. These will consist of gluteus medius measurements (surface-electromyography, strength measurements of abductors and quadriceps and the Trendelenburg test), questionnaires (Oxford Hip Score and 36-item Short Form Health Survey) and functional measures (the Timed Get-Up-and-Go test, Five times Sit-to-Stand test and Six-Minute Walk test). These measurements will be repeated four and 12 weeks after surgery. After surgery both groups will receive usual care. DISCUSSION The gluteus medius is the main stabilizer of the hip joint. Therefore, we assume that functional outcome and gluteus medius function of patients after the percutaneous assisted approach will be better than after the anterolateral approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 8 January 2014, registration number: NCT02032017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Willem De Hertogh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Castillo-Lozano R, Cuesta-Vargas AI. A comparison land-water environment of maximal voluntary isometric contraction during manual muscle testing through surface electromyography. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2013; 5:28. [PMID: 24342017 PMCID: PMC3878641 DOI: 10.1186/2052-1847-5-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to compare through surface electromyographic (sEMG) recordings of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) on dry land and in water by manual muscle test (MMT). Method Sixteen healthy right-handed subjects (8 males and 8 females) participated in measurement of muscle activation of the right shoulder. The selected muscles were the cervical erector spinae, trapezius, pectoralis, anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, infraspinatus and latissimus dorsi. The MVC test conditions were random with respect to the order on the land/in water. Results For each muscle, the MVC test was performed and measured through sEMG to determine differences in muscle activation in both conditions. For all muscles except the latissimus dorsi, no significant differences were observed between land and water MVC scores (p = 0.063–0.679) and precision (%Diff = 7–10%) were observed between MVC conditions in the muscles trapezius, anterior deltoid and middle deltoid. Conclusions If the procedure for data collection is optimal, under MMT conditions it appears that comparable MVC sEMG values were achieved on land and in water and the integrity of the EMG recordings were maintained during wáter immersion.
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Rota S, Rogowski I, Champely S, Hautier C. Reliability of EMG normalisation methods for upper-limb muscles. J Sports Sci 2013; 31:1696-704. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2013.796063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Struminger AH, Lewek MD, Goto S, Hibberd E, Blackburn JT. Comparison of gluteal and hamstring activation during five commonly used plyometric exercises. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2013; 28:783-9. [PMID: 23849979 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament injuries occur frequently in athletics, and anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs may decrease injury risk. However, previous prevention programs that include plyometrics use a variety of exercises with little justification of exercise inclusion. Because gluteal and hamstring activation is thought to be important for preventing knee injuries, the purpose of this study was to determine which commonly used plyometric exercises produce the greatest activation of the gluteals and hamstrings. METHODS EMG (Electromyography) amplitudes of the hamstring and gluteal muscles during preparatory and loading phases of landing were recorded in 41 subjects during 5 commonly used plyometric exercises. Repeated measures ANOVAs (Analysis of Variance) were used on 36 subjects to examine differences in muscle activation. FINDINGS Differences in hamstring (P<.01) and gluteal (P<.01) activities were identified across exercises during the preparatory and landing phases. The single-leg sagittal plane hurdle hops produced the greatest gluteal and hamstring activity in both phases. The 180° jumps did not produce significantly greater gluteal or hamstring activity than any other exercise. INTERPRETATION Single-leg sagittal plane hurdle hops may be the most effective exercise to activate the gluteals and hamstrings and may be important to include in anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs, given the importance of these muscles for limiting valgus loading of the knee. Because 180° jumps do not produce greater gluteal and hamstring activation than other plyometric exercises, their removal from injury prevention programs may be warranted without affecting program efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H Struminger
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
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Gluteal muscle activation during the isometric phase of squatting exercises with and without a Swiss ball. Phys Ther Sport 2013; 15:39-46. [PMID: 23770356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Growing evidence supports hip muscle activation and strengthening exercise prescription to prevent and treat various lower limb injuries. Common prescriptions include single-legged and double-legged squatting, with and without a Swiss ball. We aimed to establish the effect of varying forms of squatting exercises on gluteal muscle activation. DESIGN AND SETTING Observational laboratory study. PARTICIPANTS Nineteen (11 male) healthy participants (28.4 +/- 2.7 years old) were compared using one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Surface electromyography (EMG) measures of gluteus medius (GMed) and gluteus maximus (GMax) during the isometric phase of single-legged and double-legged squatting, with and without a Swiss ball. RESULTS A greater percentage of maximal voluntary contraction (%MVC) during single-legged squatting was found compared to double-legged squatting for GMed (42 versus 9%MVC, p < 0.001) and GMax (35 versus 14%MVC, p < 0.001). Additionally, the Swiss ball increased GMax activity (42 versus 35%MVC, p = 0.026) and demonstrated a trend toward increased GMed activity (46 versus 42%MVC, p = 0.075) during the single-legged squat. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate single-legged squatting may be more appropriate than double-legged squatting to facilitate strength gains of GMed and GMax. Additionally, the Swiss ball may be a useful adjunct to target gluteal muscle strengthening during single-legged squatting.
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Hashemi Oskouei A, Paulin MG, Carman AB. Intra-session and inter-day reliability of forearm surface EMG during varying hand grip forces. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2013; 23:216-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Buckthorpe MW, Hannah R, Pain T, Folland JP. Reliability of neuromuscular measurements during explosive isometric contractions, with special reference to electromyography normalization techniques. Muscle Nerve 2012; 46:566-76. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.23322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Trunk, pelvis, hip, and knee kinematics, hip strength, and gluteal muscle activation during a single-leg squat in males and females with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012; 42:491-501. [PMID: 22402604 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2012.3987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study using a cross-sectional design. OBJECTIVES To determine whether there are any differences between the sexes in trunk, pelvis, hip, and knee kinematics, hip strength, and gluteal muscle activation during the performance of a single-leg squat in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and control participants. BACKGROUND Though there is a greater incidence of PFPS in females, PFPS is also quite common in males. Trunk kinematics may affect hip and knee function; however, there is a lack of studies of the influence of the trunk in individuals with PFPS. METHODS Eighty subjects were distributed into 4 groups: females with PFPS, female controls, males with PFPS, and male controls. Trunk, pelvis, hip, and knee kinematics and gluteal muscle activation were evaluated during a single-leg squat. Hip abduction and external rotation eccentric strength was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer. Group differences were assessed using a 2-way multivariate analysis of variance (sex by PFPS status). RESULTS Compared to controls, subjects with PFPS had greater ipsilateral trunk lean (mean ± SD, 9.3° ± 5.3° versus 6.7° ± 3.0°; P = .012), contralateral pelvic drop (10.3° ± 4.7° versus 7.4° ± 3.8°; P = .003), hip adduction (14.8° ± 7.8° versus 10.8° ± 5.6°; P<.0001), and knee abduction (9.2° ± 5.0° versus 5.8° ± 3.4°; P<.0001) when performing a single-leg squat. Subjects with PFPS also had 18% less hip abduction and 17% less hip external rotation strength. Compared to female controls, females with PFPS had more hip internal rotation (P<.05) and less muscle activation of the gluteus medius (P = .017) during the single-leg squat. CONCLUSION Despite many similarities in findings for males and females with PFPS, there may be specific sex differences that warrant consideration in future studies and when clinically evaluating and treating females with PFPS.
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Burnett AF, Wee WK, Xie W, Oh PW, Lim JJH, Tan KWW. Levels of Muscle Activation in Strength and Conditioning Exercises and Dynamometer Hiking in Junior Sailors. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26:1066-75. [PMID: 21969081 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31822e9378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angus F Burnett
- School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Alternative methods of normalising EMG during running. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2011; 21:579-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Comparison and reproducibility of sEMG during manual muscle testing on land and in water. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2011; 21:95-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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How should we normalize electromyograms obtained from healthy participants? What we have learned from over 25years of research. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2010; 20:1023-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Alternative methods of normalising EMG during cycling. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2010; 20:1036-43. [PMID: 20696597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated possible methods of normalisation for EMG measured during cycling. The MVC method, Sprint method and 70% Peak Power Output Method were investigated and their repeatability, reliability and sensitivity to change in workload were compared. Thirteen cyclists performed the same experimental protocol on three separate occasions. Each day, subjects firstly performed MVCs, followed by a 10s maximal sprint on a cycle ergometer. Subjects then performed a Peak Power Output (PPO) test until exhaustion. After which they cycled at 70% of PPO for 5 min at 90 rpm. Results indicated that normalising EMG data to 70% PPO is more repeatable, the intra-class correlation (ICC) of 70% PPO (0.87) was significantly higher than for MVC (0.66) (p=0.03) and 10s sprint (0.65) (p=0.04). The 70% PPO method also demonstrated the least intra-subject variability for five out of the six muscles. The Sprint and 70% PPO method highlighted greater sensitivity to changes in muscle activity than the MVC method. The MVC method showed the highest intra-subject variability for most muscles except VM. The data suggests that normalising EMG to dynamic methods is the most appropriate for examining muscle activity during cycling over different days and for once-off measurements.
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