1
|
Chun KY, Seo S, Han CS. A Wearable All-Gel Multimodal Cutaneous Sensor Enabling Simultaneous Single-Site Monitoring of Cardiac-Related Biophysical Signals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110082. [PMID: 35178764 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The human cutaneous sensory organ is a highly evolved biosensor that is efficient, sensitive, selective, and adaptable. Recently, with the development of various materials and structures inspired by sensory organs, artificial cutaneous sensors have been widely studied. In this study, the acquisition of biophysical signals is demonstrated at one point on the body using a wearable all-gel-integrated multimodal sensor composed of four element sensors, inspired by the slow/rapid adapting functions of the skin sensory receptors. The gel-type sensors ensure flexibility, compactness, portability, adherence, and integrity. The wearable all-gel multimodal sensor is easily attached to the wrist and simultaneously gathers blood pressure (BP), electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG), and mechanomyogram (MMG) signals related to cardiac and muscle health. Human activity causes muscle contraction, which affects blood flow; therefore, the relationship between the muscle and heart is crucial for screening and predicting heart health. Cardiac health is monitored by obtaining the two types of phase time differences (i.e., Δtbe : BP and ECG, Δtem : ECG and MMG) generated during muscle movement. The suggested multimodal sensor has potential applicability in monitoring biophysical conditions and diagnosing cardiac-related health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Yong Chun
- Institute of Advanced Machinery Design Technology, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Seo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Han
- Institute of Advanced Machinery Design Technology, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moritani T. Electrical muscle stimulation: Application and potential role in aging society. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2021; 61:102598. [PMID: 34560440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases and sarcopenia become more prevalent as individuals age and, therefore, represent a serious issue for the healthcare system. Several studies have reported the relationship between physical activity and reduced incidence of dementia or cognitive deterioration. Thus, exercise and strength training are most recommended treatments, but it is proving difficult to engage individuals to initiate exercise and strength training. Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) may provide an alternative and more efficient solution. Although EMS has undergone a decline in use, mainly because of stimulation discomfort, new technologies allow painless application of strong contractions. Such activation can be applied in higher exercise dosages and more efficiently than people are likely to achieve with exercise. Unlike orderly recruitment of motor units (MUs) during low intensity voluntary exercise, EMS activates large fast-twitch MUs with glycolytic fibers preferentially and this could have benefit for prevention and treatment of diabetes and chronic diseases associated with muscle atrophy that ultimately lead to bed-ridden conditions. Recent evidence highlights the potential for EMS to make a major impact on these and other lifestyle related diseases and its role as a useful modality for orthopedic and cardiac rehabilitation. This paper will discuss the potential for EMS to break new ground in effective interventions in these frontiers of medical science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Moritani
- Professor Emeritus, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto and Visiting Professor, Graduate School of Sports Science, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Attenuated spontaneous postural sway enhances diastolic blood pressure during quiet standing. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 121:251-264. [PMID: 33040216 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spontaneous postural sway during quiet standing has been considered a simple output error of postural control. However, as postural sway and inherent body orientation evoke compensatory activity of the plantar flexors, they might contribute to blood circulation under gravitational stress via the muscle pump. Hence, the present study employed an external support device to attenuate the plantar flexor activity in supported standing (SS), to experimentally identify its physiological impact on blood circulation. METHODS Eight healthy young subjects performed two 5-min quiet standing trials (i.e., normal standing (NS) and SS), and the beat-to-beat interval (RRI) and blood pressure (BP) were compared between trials. We confirmed that postural sway and corresponding plantar flexor activity, quantified by the anteroposterior displacement of the foot center of pressure and lower back position with respect to the wall, and by the amplitude of electromyography and mechanomyography, respectively, were attenuated in SS, while mean body orientation angle and relative position of the BP sensor were comparable to NS. RESULTS The 5-min averages of diastolic BP and mean arterial pressure during SS were significantly higher than during NS, while RRI and systolic BP did not change. These could be interpreted as an increase in peripheral vascular resistance; meanwhile, in NS, this effect was replaced by the muscle pump of the plantar flexors. CONCLUSION The muscle contractions related to spontaneous postural sway and body orientation produce substantial physiological impact on blood circulation during quiet standing.
Collapse
|
4
|
Giuriato G, Ives SJ, Tarperi C, Bortolan L, Ruzzante F, Pedrinolla A, Martignon C, Laginestra FG, Cevese A, Schena F, Venturelli M. Timed synchronization of muscle contraction to heartbeat enhances muscle hyperemia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:805-812. [PMID: 32191594 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00898.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood flow (BF) to exercising muscles is susceptible to variations of intensity, and duration of skeletal muscle contractions, cardiac cycle, blood velocity, and vessel dilation. During cyclic muscle activity, these elements may change proportionally with or without direct optimal temporal alignment, likely influencing BF to active muscle. Ideally, the pulsed delivery of blood to active muscle timed with the inactive phase of muscle duty-cycle would enhance the peak and average BF. To investigate the phenomenon of muscle contraction and pulse synchronicity, electrically evoked muscle contractions (trains of 20 Hz, 200-ms duration) were synchronized with each systolic phase of the anterograde blood velocity spectrum (aBVS). Specifically, unilateral quadriceps contractions matched in-phase (IP) with the aBVS were compared with contractions matched out-of-phase (OP) with the aBVS in 10 healthy participants (26 ± 3 yr). During each trial, femoral BF of the contracting limb and central hemodynamics were recorded for 5 min with an ultrasound Doppler, a plethysmograph, and a cardioimpedance device. At steady state (5th min) IP BF (454 ± 30 mL/min) and vascular conductance (4.3 ± 0.2 mL·min-1·mmHg-1), and OP MAP (108 ± 2 mmHg) were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in comparison to OP BF (784 ± 25 mL/min) and vascular conductance (6.7 ± 0.2 mL·min-1·mmHg-1), and IP MAP (113 ± 3 mmHg). On the contrary, no significant difference (all, P > 0.05) was observed between IP and OP central hemodynamics (HR: 79 ± 10 vs. 76 ± 11 bpm, CO: 8.0 ± 1.6 vs. 7.3 ± 1.6 L/min), and ventilatory patterns (V̇e:14 ± 2 vs. 14 ± 1 L/min, V̇o2:421 ± 70 vs. 397 ± 34 mL/min). The results suggest that muscle contractions occurring during OP that do not interfere with aBVS elicit a maximization of muscle functional hyperemia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY When muscle contraction is synchronized with the pulsed delivery of blood flow to active muscle, muscle functional hyperemia can be either maximized or minimized. This suggests a possibility to couple different strategies to enhance the acute and chronic effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Giuriato
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stephen J Ives
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York
| | - Cantor Tarperi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bortolan
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Ruzzante
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Pedrinolla
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Camilla Martignon
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Cevese
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sasaki KI, Matsuse H, Akimoto R, Kamiya S, Moritani T, Sasaki M, Ishizaki Y, Ohtsuka M, Nakayoshi T, Ueno T, Shiba N, Fukumoto Y. Cardiac cycle-synchronized electrical muscle stimulator for lower limb training with the potential to reduce the heart's pumping workload. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187395. [PMID: 29117189 PMCID: PMC5678724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The lower limb muscle may play an important role in decreasing the heart’s pumping workload. Aging and inactivity cause atrophy and weakness of the muscle, leading to a loss of the heart-assisting role. An electrical lower limb muscle stimulator can prevent atrophy and weakness more effectively than conventional resistance training; however, it has been reported to increase the heart’s pumping workload in some situations. Therefore, more effective tools should be developed. Methods We newly developed a cardiac cycle-synchronized electrical lower limb muscle stimulator by combining a commercially available electrocardiogram monitor and belt electrode skeletal muscle electrical stimulator, making it possible to achieve strong and wide but not painful muscle contractions. Then, we tested the stimulator in 11 healthy volunteers to determine whether the special equipment enabled lower limb muscle training without harming the hemodynamics using plethysmography and a percutaneous cardiac output analyzer. Results In 9 of 11 subjects, the stimulator generated diastolic augmentation waves on the dicrotic notches and end-diastolic pressure reduction waves on the plethysmogram waveforms of the brachial artery, showing analogous waveforms in the intra-aortic balloon pumping heart-assisting therapy. The heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output significantly increased during the stimulation. There was no change in the systolic or diastolic blood pressure during the stimulation. Conclusion Cardiac cycle-synchronized electrical muscle stimulation for the lower limbs may enable muscle training without harmfully influencing the hemodynamics and with a potential to reduce the heart’s pumping workload, suggesting a promising tool for effectively treating both locomotor and cardiovascular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Sasaki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroo Matsuse
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshio Moritani
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoki Sasaki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yuta Ishizaki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Masanori Ohtsuka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takaharu Nakayoshi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ueno
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Naoto Shiba
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Takeuchi S, Nishida Y, Mizushima T. Evidence of an association between cardiac-locomotor synchronization and lower leg muscle blood perfusion during walking. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:1819-22. [PMID: 26180328 PMCID: PMC4499991 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the occurrence of
cardiac-locomotor synchronization (CLS) improves lower leg muscle blood perfusion during
walking. [Subjects and Methods] Eleven healthy men were studied while performing two
treadmill protocols. The CLS protocol involved subjects walking at the frequency of their
heart rate (HR) to induce CLS. The free protocol (reference) involved subjects walking at
a self-selected cadence. The treadmill load was identical in the two protocols.
Electrocardiographic signals for HR, foot switch signals for step rate and near-infrared
spectroscopy (NIRS) signals for total haemoglobin (total Hb) in the lower leg muscles were
measured continuously for 10 min after HR reached a steady state. [Results] The mean HR
and mean step rate did not differ between the CLS and free protocols. However, total Hb
was significantly higher in the CLS protocol than in the free protocol. The rate of
increase in total Hb positively correlated with the strength of CLS. [Conclusion] These
results suggest that the occurrence of CLS enhances lower leg muscle blood perfusion by
increasing the strength of CLS during walking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinta Takeuchi
- Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nishida
- Seirei Christopher University: 3453 Mikatahara-cho, Kitaku, Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka 433-8558, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Niizeki K, Saitoh T. Cardiolocomotor phase synchronization during rhythmic exercise. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
9
|
Miyamoto T, Fukuda K, Kimura T, Matsubara Y, Tsuda K, Moritani T. Effect of percutaneous electrical muscle stimulation on postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 96:306-12. [PMID: 22296854 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to examine whether percutaneous electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) attenuates postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. METHODS Eleven patients with type 2 diabetes participated in two experimental sessions; one was a 30-min EMS 30 min after a breakfast (EMS trial) and the other was a complete rest after a breakfast (Control trial). In each trial, blood was sampled before and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the meal. RESULTS Postprandial glucose level was significantly attenuated in EMS trial at 60, 90, and 120 min after a meal (p<0.05). The C-peptide concentration was also significantly lowered in EMS trial (p<0.01). On the other hand, there was no significant increase in creatine phosphokinase (CPK) concentration in each trial. CONCLUSIONS The present results provide first evidence indicating that EMS is a new exercise method for treating postprandial hyperglycemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes, especially who cannot perform adequate voluntary exercise because of excessive obesity, orthopedic diseases, or severe diabetic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|